def solve(self):
"""
This method returns a sequence of actions that covers all target locations on the board.
"""
fringe = util.PriorityQueue()
start_state = self.get_start_state()
fringe.push(Node(start_state, None, None, 0), 0)
closed = {}
while not fringe.isEmpty():
current_node = fringe.pop()
variations = self.state_symmetry(current_node.state)
if self.is_goal_state(current_node.state):
print('Reach Goal')
return current_node.get_action_trace_back()
elif all(closed.get(key) is None for key in variations.keys()):
# only expand node if none of its variations (rotations and flips) were discovered yet
successors = self.get_successors(current_node.state)
for successor, action, step_cost in successors:
cost_so_far = current_node.cost_so_far + step_cost
fringe.push(
Node(successor, action, current_node, cost_so_far),
cost_so_far + self.heuristic(successor, self.targets)
)
closed[list(variations.keys())[0]] = True
print('Cannot solve the problem')
return []
def astar_search(problem):
node = Node(problem.initial)
frontier = []
explored = set()
h = problem.manhattanDist(node)
g = node.path_cost
f = h + g
heapq.heappush(frontier, (h, node))
while frontier:
node = heapq.heappop(frontier)[1]
if problem.goal_test(node.state):
print(node.solution())
return node
explored.add(node.state)
for child in node.expand(problem):
h = problem.manhattanDist(child)
g = node.path_cost + 1
f = g + h
if child.state not in explored and child not in frontier:
child.path_cost = g
heapq.heappush(frontier, (f, child))
elif child in frontier and child.path_cost > g:
new_child = child
new_child.cost = g
frontier.remove(child)
heapq.heappush(frontier, (f, new_child))
return None
def hierarchical_search(problem, hierarchy):
"""
[Figure 11.5] 'Hierarchical Search, a Breadth First Search implementation of Hierarchical
Forward Planning Search'
The problem is a real-world prodlem defined by the problem class, and the hierarchy is
a dictionary of HLA - refinements (see refinements generator for details)
"""
act = Node(problem.actions[0])
frontier = FIFOQueue()
frontier.append(act)
while(True):
if not frontier:
return None
plan = frontier.pop()
print(plan.state.name)
hla = plan.state # first_or_null(plan)
prefix = None
if plan.parent:
prefix = plan.parent.state.action # prefix, suffix = subseq(plan.state, hla)
outcome = Problem.result(problem, prefix)
if hla is None:
if outcome.goal_test():
return plan.path()
else:
print("else")
for sequence in Problem.refinements(hla, outcome, hierarchy):
print("...")
frontier.append(Node(plan.state, plan.parent, sequence))
def test_root_with_mock_problem_with_child_and_grandchild(self):
try:
root = Node.root(MockProblem())
child = Node(0, parent=root)
grandchild = Node(2, parent=child)
except RecursionError:
self.fail(msg="Recursion problem.")
def best_first_search_tree(problem, f):
"""Search the nodes with the lowest f scores first.
You specify the function f(node) that you want to minimize; for example,
if f is a heuristic estimate to the goal, then we have greedy best
first search; if f is node.depth then we have breadth-first search.
There is a subtlety: the line "f = memoize(f, 'f')" means that the f
values will be cached on the nodes as they are computed. So after doing
a best first search you can examine the f values of the path returned."""
# print("he sido llamado")
f = memoize(f, 'f')
node = Node(problem.initial)
frontier = PriorityQueue('min', f)
frontier.append(node)
# frontier.mostrar()
# explored = set()
while frontier:
node = frontier.pop()
if problem.goal_test(node.state):
return node
# explored.add(node.state)
for child in node.expand(problem):
frontier.append(child)
'''if child.state not in explored and child not in frontier:
frontier.append(child)
elif child in frontier:
if f(child) < frontier[child]: # mira si ya hay una forma de llegar q es mayor a la que encontre ahora?
del frontier[child]
frontier.append(child)'''
return None
def simulated_annealing_plot(problem, values_for_schedule):
"""[Figure 4.5] CAUTION: This differs from the pseudocode as it
returns a state instead of a Node."""
schedule = exp_schedule(values_for_schedule[0], values_for_schedule[1],
values_for_schedule[2])
x = list()
y = list()
current = Node(problem.initial)
for t in range(sys.maxsize):
T = schedule(t)
if T == 0:
plt.scatter(x, y)
plt.show()
return current.state
neighbors = current.expand(problem)
if not neighbors:
plt.scatter(x, y)
plt.show()
return current.state
next_choice = random.choice(neighbors)
delta_e = problem.value(next_choice.state) - problem.value(
current.state)
y.append(problem.value(current.state))
x.append(t)
if delta_e > 0 or probability(np.exp(delta_e / T)):
current = next_choice
def solve(self):
"""
This method should return a sequence of actions that covers all target locations on the board.
This time we trade optimality for speed.
Therefore, your agent should try and cover one target location at a time. Each time, aiming for the closest uncovered location.
You may define helpful functions as you wish.
"""
t = 0
current = Node(self.get_start_state())
backtrace = []
while True:
if t == self.n_iter - 1 or self.is_goal_state(current.state):
return backtrace
successors = self.get_successors(current.state)
successors.sort(key=lambda successor: self.objective_function(successor[STATE_SUCCESSOR]))
if len(successors) == 0:
return backtrace
best_score = self.objective_function(successors[0][STATE_SUCCESSOR])
best_successors = [successor for successor in successors
if self.objective_function(successor[STATE_SUCCESSOR]) == best_score]
successor = choice(best_successors)
candidate = Node(successor[STATE_SUCCESSOR], parent=current, spawned_action=successor[MOVE_SUCCESSOR])
delta_e = self.objective_function(candidate.state) - self.objective_function(current.state)
if delta_e < 0:
current = candidate
backtrace.append(current.spawned_action)
t += 1
def bidirectional_breadth_first_search(problem, inverse_problem):
frontier = [
(0, Node(problem.initial)),
(1, Node(inverse_problem.initial)),
]
explored = set()
inverse_explored = set()
while frontier:
current = frontier.pop(0)
prefix = current[0]
current_node = current[1]
if prefix == 0:
if current_node in inverse_explored:
return create_solution(current_node, [
node for node in inverse_explored
if node.state == current_node.state
][0])
explored.add(current_node)
frontier.extend(
map(lambda node: (prefix, node), current_node.expand(problem)))
else:
if current_node in explored:
return create_solution([
node for node in explored
if node.state == current_node.state
][0], current_node)
inverse_explored.add(current_node)
frontier.extend(
map(lambda node: (prefix, node),
current_node.expand(inverse_problem)))
return None
def instrumented_bidirectional_breadth_first_search(problem,
inverse_problem,
explored_nodes=False):
frontier = [(1, Node(inverse_problem.initial)), (0, Node(problem.initial))]
explored = set()
inverse_explored = set()
result = None
while frontier:
current = frontier.pop(0)
prefix = current[0]
current_node = current[1]
if prefix == 0:
if current_node in inverse_explored:
result = create_solution(current_node, [
node for node in inverse_explored
if node.state == current_node.state
][0])
break
explored.add(current_node)
frontier.extend(
map(lambda node: (prefix, node), current_node.expand(problem)))
else:
if current_node in explored:
result = create_solution([
node for node in explored
if node.state == current_node.state
][0], current_node)
break
inverse_explored.add(current_node)
frontier.extend(
map(lambda node: (prefix, node),
current_node.expand(inverse_problem)))
if explored_nodes:
return result, len(explored.union(inverse_explored))
return result
def my_best_first_graph_search(problem, f):
"""
Taken from Lab 3
Search the nodes with the lowest f scores first.
You specify the function f(node) that you want to minimize; for example,
if f is a heuristic estimate to the goal, then we have greedy best
first search; if f is node.depth then we have breadth-first search.
There is a subtlety: the line "f = memoize(f, 'f')" means that the f
values will be cached on the nodes as they are computed. So after doing
a best first search you can examine the f values of the path returned.
"""
# keep a track of the number of iterations for use in evaluation
iterations = 0
f = memoize(f, 'f')
node = Node(problem.initial)
iterations += 1
# This is the goal state
if problem.goal_test(node.state):
iterations += 1
return (iterations, node)
# Create a priority queue that is ordered by its distance
# from the distance travelled so far (g) + the straight line distance
# from the new node to the goal state (h)
frontier = PriorityQueue('min', f)
frontier.append(node)
iterations += 1
explored = set()
# Loop until there is no more nodes to visit
while frontier:
# Get the node with minimum f(n) = g(n) + h(n)
node = frontier.pop()
iterations += 1
# We have reached the goal, return the solution
if problem.goal_test(node.state):
iterations += 1
return iterations
# Mark the node as visited
explored.add(node.state)
# Loop over the nodes neighbours and find the next node
# with minimum f(n)
for child in node.expand(problem):
# Only consider new nodes which havent been explored yet
# and the ones which we are about to explore in the
# loop
if child.state not in explored and child not in frontier:
frontier.append(child)
iterations += 1
# Update the new distance (f(n)) for this node
# if it is smaller than the previous known one
elif child in frontier:
incumbent = frontier[child]
if f(child) < f(incumbent):
del frontier[incumbent]
frontier.append(child)
iterations += 1
iterations += 1
return iterations
def get_root(fen, moves):
board = Board(fen)
root = Node(fen)
if moves is not None:
for move in moves:
fen = board.fen().split(' ')
root.previous.append(' '.join(fen[:2]))
board.push(Move.from_uci(move))
root.position = board.fen()
return root
def simulated_annealing(problem, schedule=exp_schedule()):
current = Node(problem.initial)
for t in range(sys.maxsize):
T = schedule(t)
if T == 0:
return current.state
neighbors = current.expand(problem)
if not neighbors:
return current.state
next = random.choice(neighbors)
delta_e = problem.value(current.state) - problem.value(next.state)
if delta_e > 0 or probability(math.exp(delta_e / T)):
current = next
def best_first_tree_search(problem, f, display=False):
# from search -- just modified to make it tree search
f = memoize(f, 'f')
node = Node(problem.initial)
frontier = PriorityQueue('min', f)
frontier.append(node)
while frontier:
node = frontier.pop()
if problem.goal_test(node.state):
return node
for child in node.expand(problem):
frontier.append(child)
return None
def closest_location_search(problem, heuristic):
"""
An A* searc that uses the heuristic function that does not consider the path cost
:param problem: ClosestLocationSearch
:param heuristic: heuristic function
:return: a list of actions to make to reach the goal
"""
queue = util.PriorityQueue() # Init the queue
visited = set()
actions = []
root = Node(problem.get_start_state())
h = heuristic(root.state, problem) - root.cost
root.set_f(h)
queue.push(root, root.f)
while not queue.isEmpty(): # while queue is not empty
node = queue.pop()
while node.state in visited and not queue.isEmpty(
): # remove the same states from queue
# with worse priority
node = queue.pop()
if problem.is_goal_state(node.state):
actions = build_actions(node)
return actions
visited.add(node.state)
for succ, act, cost in problem.get_successors(
node.state): # Build successors
if succ not in visited:
new_node = Node(succ, act, node, cost)
h = heuristic(new_node.state, problem) - new_node.cost
new_node.set_f(h) # Update f(n) value
queue.push(new_node, new_node.f)
return actions
def main():
global default_cube
global goal
scrambled = scrambler(default, 3)
cube = Rubiks(scrambled, goal)
startTime = time.time()
result = astar_search(cube)
endTime = time.time()
print('solution is', Node.solution(result))
print('path is', Node.path(result))
print('걸린 시간 :', endTime - startTime)
def solve(self):
"""
This method should return a sequence of actions that covers all target locations on the board.
This time we trade optimality for speed.
Therefore, your agent should try and cover one target location at a time. Each time, aiming for the closest uncovered location.
You may define helpful functions as you wish.
Probably a good way to start, would be something like this --
current_state = self.board.__copy__()
backtrace = []
while ....
actions = set of actions that covers the closets uncovered target location
add actions to backtrace
return backtrace
"""
fringe = util.PriorityQueue()
start_state = self.get_start_state()
fringe.push(Node(start_state, None, None, 0,
params={'target': self.find_closest_target(start_state, self.starting_point)}), 0)
closed = {}
while not fringe.isEmpty():
current_node = fringe.pop()
if self.is_goal_state(current_node.state):
print('Reach Goal')
return current_node.get_action_trace_back()
if closed.get(current_node.state) is None:
x, y = current_node.params['target']
successors = self.get_successors(current_node.state)
for successor, action, step_cost in successors:
cost_so_far = current_node.cost_so_far + step_cost
successor_target = (x, y)
if successor.get_position(y, x) != -1:
successor_target = self.find_closest_target(successor, (x, y))
cost_so_far = step_cost
if successor_target == (-1, -1):
return current_node.get_action_trace_back() + [action]
fringe.push(
Node(successor, action, current_node,
cost_so_far, params={'target': successor_target}),
cost_so_far + self.heuristic(successor, successor_target)
)
closed[current_node.state] = True
print('Cannot solve the problem')
return []
def test_get_grandparents_value(self):
board2 = Board()
node1 = Node(True, board2)
node2 = node1.createChild()
node3 = node2.createChild()
node3.get_grandparents_value()
node2.get_grandparents_value()
self.assertEqual(node3.value, node1.value)
self.assertNotEquals(node2.value, node1.value)
node2.value = -10
node4 = node3.createChild()
node4.get_grandparents_value()
self.assertEqual(node4.value, -10)
def breadth_first_graph_search(problem):
node = Node(problem.initial)
if problem.goal_test(node.state):
return node
frontier = deque([node])
explored = set()
while frontier:
node = frontier.popleft()
explored.add(node.state)
for child in node.expand(problem):
if child.state not in explored and child not in frontier:
if problem.goal_test(child.state):
print(child.solution())
return child
frontier.append(child)
return None
def graph_depth_limited_search(problem, limit=50):
"""[Figure 3.17]"""
explored = []
def graph_recursive_dls(node, problem, limit, explored):
if node.state in explored:
return None
else:
explored.append(node.state)
if problem.goal_test(node.state):
return node
elif limit == 0:
return 'cutoff'
else:
cutoff_occurred = False
for child in node.expand(problem):
result = graph_recursive_dls(child, problem, limit - 1, explored)
if result == 'cutoff':
cutoff_occurred = True
elif result is not None:
return result
return 'cutoff' if cutoff_occurred else None
# Body of depth_limited_search:
return graph_recursive_dls(Node(problem.initial), problem, limit, explored)
def __init__(self, initial_state, expand_node, goal_test):
self.nodes = [Node(initial_state, None, None, 1, 1)] # Root Node
self.expand_node = expand_node # Function that returns expansion of inputted node
self.goal_test = goal_test
self.hashes = {self.nodes[0].state_hash: True}
self.queue = Queue()
self.queue.make_queue(self.expand_node(self.nodes[0]))
def best_first_greedy_search(problem):
node = Node(problem.initial)
frontier = []
explored = set()
h = problem.manhattanDist(node)
heapq.heappush(frontier, (h, node))
while frontier:
node = heapq.heappop(frontier)[1]
if problem.goal_test(node.state):
print(node.solution())
return node
explored.add(node.state)
for child in node.expand(problem):
if child.state not in explored and child not in frontier:
h = problem.manhattanDist(child)
heapq.heappush(frontier, (h, child))
return None
def breadth_first_search_for_vis(problem):
node = Node(problem.initial)
reached = []
reached.append(node.state)
if problem.goal_test(node.state):
return (node, reached)
frontier = deque([node])
explored = set()
while frontier:
node = frontier.popleft()
explored.add(node.state)
reached.append(node.state)
for child in node.expand(problem):
if child.state not in explored and child not in frontier:
if problem.goal_test(child.state):
return (child, reached)
frontier.append(child)
return (failure, reached)
def __best_first_graph_search(self, problem, f):
"""Search the nodes with the lowest f scores first.
You specify the function f(node) that you want to minimize; for example,
if f is a heuristic estimate to the goal, then we have greedy best
first search; if f is node.depth then we have breadth-first search.
There is a subtlety: the line "f = memoize(f, 'f')" means that the f
values will be cached on the nodes as they are computed. So after doing
a best first search you can examine the f values of the path returned."""
f = self.__memoize(f, 'f')
node = Node(problem.initial)
assert node != None and node.state != None
if problem.goal_test(node.state):
return node
frontier = PriorityQueue(min, f)
frontier.append(node)
explored = set()
step = 0
while frontier:
step+=1
node = frontier.pop()
assert node != None and node.state != None, "Estratto un nodo None"
#print '---- CURRENT NODE ----'
#print node.state
if problem.goal_test(node.state):
return node, len(explored)+1
explored.add(node.state)
for child in node.expand(problem):
assert child != None and child.state != None
if child.state not in explored and child not in frontier:
frontier.append(child)
elif child in frontier:
incumbent = frontier[child]
if f(child) < f(incumbent):
del frontier[incumbent]
frontier.append(child)
return None
def main():
global default_problem
global goal
global goal2
puzzle = EightPuzzle(default_problem, goal)
startTime = time.time()
result = depth_limited_search(puzzle, 30)
#result = breadth_first_tree_search(puzzle)
endTime = time.time()
print('solution is ', Node.solution(result))
print('path is', Node.path(result))
print('걸린 시간 :', endTime - startTime)
def depth_first_tree_search_cycle_detection(problem):
frontier = [Node(problem.initial)
] # Stack, with the initial state of the problem.
while frontier:
node = frontier.pop()
if problem.goal_test(node.state):
return node
if not cycle(node):
frontier.extend(node.expand(problem))
return None
def breadth_first_count_nodes_at_depth(problem, depth=28):
node = Node(problem.initial)
node_count = 1
frontier = FIFOQueue()
explored = set()
frontier.append(node)
old_depth = 1
while frontier:
node = frontier.pop()
explored.add(node.state)
if node.depth != old_depth:
old_depth = node.depth
print node.depth
for child in node.expand(problem):
if child.state not in explored and child not in frontier:
if node.depth == depth + 1:
return node_count
if node.depth == depth:
node_count += 1
frontier.append(child)
return None
def best_first_search_for_vis(problem, f):
f = memoize(f, 'f')
node = Node(problem.initial)
frontier = PriorityQueue('min', f)
frontier.append(node)
explored = set()
reached = []
while frontier:
node = frontier.pop()
reached.append(node.state)
if problem.goal_test(node.state):
return (node, reached)
explored.add(node.state)
for child in node.expand(problem):
if child.state not in explored and child not in frontier:
frontier.append(child)
elif child in frontier:
if f(child) < frontier[child]:
del frontier[child]
frontier.append(child)
return (failure, reached)
def breadth_first_count_nodes_at_depth(problem, depth=28):
node = Node(problem.initial)
node_count = 1
frontier = FIFOQueue()
explored = set()
frontier.append(node)
old_depth = 1
while frontier:
node = frontier.pop()
explored.add(node.state)
if node.depth != old_depth:
old_depth = node.depth
print node.depth
for child in node.expand(problem):
if child.state not in explored and child not in frontier:
if node.depth == depth + 1:
return node_count
if node.depth == depth:
node_count += 1
frontier.append(child)
return None
def test_put0(self):
tree = Node()
tree.put('abc')
self.assertEqual(1, tree.children[0].children[1].children[2].count[0])
tree.put('abd')
self.assertEqual(1, tree.children[0].children[1].children[3].count[0])
def test_expand_procedure(self):
frontier = [Node(True, Board())]
search.expand(frontier)
self.assertEqual(len(frontier), 7)
for node in frontier:
self.assertFalse(node.isMaxNode)
self.assertEqual(node.value, float("inf"))
self.assertEqual(node.depth, 1)
self.assertFalse(node.board.last_move_won())
search.expand(frontier)
self.assertEqual(len(frontier), 13)
self.assertFalse(node.board.last_move_won())
def depth_limited_search(problem, limit=50):
"""Depth-first search with a limit.
Depth-first search always expands the deepest node
in the current frontier of the search tree.
We apply a limit to prevent the algorithm from failing on
problems with infinitely deep paths.
Limit defaults to 50.
"""
root = Node(problem.initial_state)
return __recursive_dls(root, problem, limit)
def sarkissian_hw6_2(problem):
node = Node(problem.initial)
if problem.goal_test(node.state):
return node
# heuristic function = the node's straight line distance to the goal node + the node's path cost
def h(_node):
return problem.straight_line_distance(_node.state) + _node.path_cost
frontier = NodePriorityQueue(h)
frontier.push(node)
visited = []
while len(frontier) > 0:
# pop a node out of the queue (this will always be the node with the lowest hueristic)
node = frontier.pop(
)[1] # NodePriorityQueue.pop() returns a tuple = (heuristic(node), node)
visited.append(node.state)
# if that node is the goal node, return the solution
if problem.goal_test(node.state):
print(f"Nodes Visited: {len(visited)}")
print(f"Distance Traveled: {node.path_cost} km")
return [
(n.state.lower(), h(n)) for n in node.path()
] # returns a list of 2-tuples (node.state, heuristic(node))
# if that node isn't the goal node, add its children to the frontier if they haven't already been visited
for child in node.expand(problem):
if child.state not in visited:
frontier.push(child)
return "FAILED"