class TestCompressedAirIn:
def setup(self):
"""Set up air compressor."""
self.Tamb = 20
self.pamb = 1
fluids = ['Air']
# compressor part
self.nw = Network(fluids=fluids)
self.nw.set_attr(p_unit='bar', T_unit='C', h_unit='kJ / kg')
# components
amb = Source('air intake')
cp = Compressor('compressor')
cooler = HeatExchangerSimple('cooling')
cas = Sink('compressed air storage')
# power input bus
self.power_in = Bus('power input')
self.power_in.add_comps({'comp': cp, 'char': 1, 'base': 'bus'})
# compressed air bus (not sure about this!)
self.cas_in = Bus('massflow into storage')
self.cas_in.add_comps({'comp': cas}, {'comp': amb, 'base': 'bus'})
self.nw.add_busses(self.power_in, self.cas_in)
# create connections
amb_cp = Connection(amb, 'out1', cp, 'in1')
cp_cool = Connection(cp, 'out1', cooler, 'in1')
cool_cas = Connection(cooler, 'out1', cas, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(amb_cp, cp_cool, cool_cas)
# component parameters
cp.set_attr(eta_s=1)
cooler.set_attr(pr=1)
# connection parameters
amb_cp.set_attr(m=2, T=self.Tamb, p=self.pamb, fluid={'Air': 1})
cool_cas.set_attr(T=self.Tamb, p=10)
# solve network
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
def test_exergy_analysis_bus_conversion(self):
"""Test exergy analysis at product exergy with T < Tamb."""
self.nw.exergy_analysis(self.pamb,
self.Tamb,
E_P=[self.cas_in],
E_F=[self.power_in])
exergy_balance = (self.nw.E_F - self.nw.E_P - self.nw.E_L -
self.nw.E_D)
msg = ('Exergy balance must be closed (residual value smaller than ' +
str(err**0.5) + ') for this test but is ' +
str(round(abs(exergy_balance), 4)) + ' .')
assert abs(exergy_balance) <= err**0.5, msg
class TestReactors:
def setup(self):
"""Set up network for electrolyzer tests."""
self.nw = Network(['O2', 'H2', 'H2O'], T_unit='C', p_unit='bar')
self.instance = WaterElectrolyzer('electrolyzer')
fw = Source('feed water')
cw_in = Source('cooling water')
o2 = Sink('oxygen sink')
h2 = Sink('hydrogen sink')
cw_out = Sink('cooling water sink')
self.instance.set_attr(pr=0.99, eta=1)
cw_el = Connection(cw_in,
'out1',
self.instance,
'in1',
fluid={
'H2O': 1,
'H2': 0,
'O2': 0
},
T=20,
p=1)
el_cw = Connection(self.instance, 'out1', cw_out, 'in1', T=45)
self.nw.add_conns(cw_el, el_cw)
fw_el = Connection(fw, 'out1', self.instance, 'in2', label='h2o')
el_o2 = Connection(self.instance, 'out2', o2, 'in1')
el_h2 = Connection(self.instance, 'out3', h2, 'in1', label='h2')
self.nw.add_conns(fw_el, el_o2, el_h2)
def test_WaterElectrolyzer(self):
"""Test component properties of water electrolyzer."""
# check bus function:
# power output on component and bus must be indentical
self.nw.get_conn('h2o').set_attr(T=25, p=1)
self.nw.get_conn('h2').set_attr(T=25)
power = Bus('power')
power.add_comps({'comp': self.instance, 'param': 'P', 'base': 'bus'})
power.set_attr(P=2.5e6)
self.nw.add_busses(power)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of power must be ' + str(power.P.val) + ', is ' +
str(self.instance.P.val) + '.')
assert round(power.P.val, 1) == round(self.instance.P.val), msg
# effieciency was set to 100 % with inlet and outlet states of the
# reaction educts and products beeing identical to reference state
# therefore Q must be equal to 0
msg = ('Value of heat output must be 0.0, is ' +
str(self.instance.Q.val) + '.')
assert round(self.instance.Q.val, 4) == 0.0, msg
# reset power, change efficiency value and specify heat bus value
power.set_attr(P=np.nan)
self.nw.get_conn('h2o').set_attr(T=25, p=1)
self.nw.get_conn('h2').set_attr(T=50)
self.instance.set_attr(eta=0.8)
# check bus function:
# heat output on component and bus must be indentical
heat = Bus('heat')
heat.add_comps({'comp': self.instance, 'param': 'Q'})
heat.set_attr(P=-8e5)
self.nw.add_busses(heat)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of heat flow must be ' + str(heat.P.val) + ', is ' +
str(self.instance.Q.val) + '.')
assert round(heat.P.val, 1) == round(self.instance.Q.val), msg
self.nw.save('tmp')
# check bus function:
# heat output on component and bus must identical (offdesign test)
Q = heat.P.val * 0.9
heat.set_attr(P=Q)
self.nw.solve('offdesign', design_path='tmp')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of heat flow must be ' + str(Q) + ', is ' +
str(self.instance.Q.val) + '.')
assert round(Q, 1) == round(self.instance.Q.val), msg
# delete both busses again
self.nw.del_busses(heat, power)
# test efficiency vs. specific energy consumption
self.nw.get_conn('h2').set_attr(m=0.1)
self.instance.set_attr(eta=0.9, e='var')
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of efficiency must be ' + str(self.instance.eta.val) +
', is ' + str(self.instance.e0 / self.instance.e.val) + '.')
eta = round(self.instance.eta.val, 2)
eta_calc = round(self.instance.e0 / self.instance.e.val, 2)
assert eta == eta_calc, msg
# test efficiency value > 1, Q must be larger than 0
e = 130e6
self.instance.set_attr(e=np.nan, eta=np.nan)
self.instance.set_attr(e=e)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
# test efficiency
msg = ('Value of efficiency must be ' + str(self.instance.e0 / e) +
', is ' + str(self.instance.eta.val) + '.')
eta = round(self.instance.e0 / e, 2)
eta_calc = round(self.instance.eta.val, 2)
assert eta == eta_calc, msg
# test Q
msg = ('Value of heat must be larger than zero, is ' +
str(self.instance.Q.val) + '.')
assert self.instance.Q.val > 0, msg
# test specific energy consumption
e = 150e6
self.instance.set_attr(e=np.nan, eta=np.nan)
self.instance.set_attr(e=e)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of specific energy consumption e must be ' + str(e) +
', is ' + str(self.instance.e.val) + '.')
assert round(e, 1) == round(self.instance.e.val, 1), msg
# test cooling loop pressure ratio, zeta as variable value
pr = 0.95
self.instance.set_attr(pr=pr,
e=None,
eta=None,
zeta='var',
P=2e7,
design=['pr'])
self.nw.solve('design')
shutil.rmtree('./tmp', ignore_errors=True)
self.nw.save('tmp')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of pressure ratio must be ' + str(pr) + ', is ' +
str(self.instance.pr.val) + '.')
assert round(pr, 2) == round(self.instance.pr.val, 2), msg
# use zeta as offdesign parameter, at design point pressure
# ratio must not change
self.instance.set_attr(zeta=np.nan, offdesign=['zeta'])
self.nw.solve('offdesign', design_path='tmp')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of pressure ratio must be ' + str(pr) + ', is ' +
str(self.instance.pr.val) + '.')
assert round(pr, 2) == round(self.instance.pr.val, 2), msg
# test heat output specification in offdesign mode
Q = self.instance.Q.val * 0.9
self.instance.set_attr(Q=Q, P=np.nan)
self.nw.solve('offdesign', design_path='tmp')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of heat must be ' + str(Q) + ', is ' +
str(self.instance.Q.val) + '.')
assert round(Q, 0) == round(self.instance.Q.val, 0), msg
shutil.rmtree('./tmp', ignore_errors=True)
class TestHeatExchangers:
def setup(self):
self.nw = Network(
['H2O', 'Ar', 'INCOMP::S800'], T_unit='C', p_unit='bar',
v_unit='m3 / s')
self.inl1 = Source('inlet 1')
self.outl1 = Sink('outlet 1')
def setup_HeatExchangerSimple_network(self, instance):
self.c1 = Connection(self.inl1, 'out1', instance, 'in1')
self.c2 = Connection(instance, 'out1', self.outl1, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(self.c1, self.c2)
def setup_HeatExchanger_network(self, instance):
self.inl2 = Source('inlet 2')
self.outl2 = Sink('outlet 2')
self.c1 = Connection(self.inl1, 'out1', instance, 'in1')
self.c2 = Connection(instance, 'out1', self.outl1, 'in1')
self.c3 = Connection(self.inl2, 'out1', instance, 'in2')
self.c4 = Connection(instance, 'out2', self.outl2, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(self.c1, self.c2, self.c3, self.c4)
def test_HeatExhangerSimple(self):
"""Test component properties of simple heat exchanger."""
instance = HeatExchangerSimple('heat exchanger')
self.setup_HeatExchangerSimple_network(instance)
fl = {'Ar': 0, 'H2O': 1, 'S800': 0}
self.c1.set_attr(fluid=fl, m=1, p=10, T=100)
# trigger heat exchanger parameter groups
instance.set_attr(hydro_group='HW', L=100, ks=100, pr=0.99, Tamb=20)
# test grouped parameter settings with missing parameters
instance.hydro_group.is_set = True
instance.kA_group.is_set = True
instance.kA_char_group.is_set = True
self.nw.solve('design', init_only=True)
msg = ('Hydro group must no be set, if one parameter is missing!')
assert instance.hydro_group.is_set is False, msg
msg = ('kA group must no be set, if one parameter is missing!')
assert instance.kA_group.is_set is False, msg
msg = ('kA char group must no be set, if one parameter is missing!')
assert instance.kA_char_group.is_set is False, msg
# test diameter calculation from specified dimensions (as pipe)
# with Hazen-Williams method
instance.set_attr(hydro_group='HW', D='var', L=100,
ks=100, pr=0.99, Tamb=20)
b = Bus('heat', P=-1e5)
b.add_comps({'comp': instance})
self.nw.add_busses(b)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
pr = round(self.c2.p.val_SI / self.c1.p.val_SI, 3)
msg = ('Value of pressure ratio must be ' + str(pr) + ', is ' +
str(instance.pr.val) + '.')
assert pr == round(instance.pr.val, 3), msg
# make zeta system variable and use previously calculated diameter
# to calculate zeta. The value for zeta must not change
zeta = round(instance.zeta.val, 0)
instance.set_attr(D=instance.D.val, zeta='var', pr=np.nan)
instance.D.is_var = False
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of zeta must be ' + str(zeta) + ', is ' +
str(round(instance.zeta.val, 0)) + '.')
assert zeta == round(instance.zeta.val, 0), msg
# same test with pressure ratio as sytem variable
pr = round(instance.pr.val, 3)
instance.set_attr(zeta=np.nan, pr='var')
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of pressure ratio must be ' + str(pr) +
', is ' + str(round(instance.pr.val, 3)) + '.')
assert pr == round(instance.pr.val, 3), msg
# test heat transfer coefficient as variable of the system (ambient
# temperature required)
instance.set_attr(kA='var', pr=np.nan)
b.set_attr(P=-5e4)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
# due to heat output being half of reference (for Tamb) kA should be
# somewhere near to that (actual value is 677)
msg = ('Value of heat transfer coefficient must be 677, is ' +
str(instance.kA.val) + '.')
assert 677 == round(instance.kA.val, 0), msg
# test heat transfer as variable of the system
instance.set_attr(Q='var', kA=np.nan)
Q = -5e4
b.set_attr(P=Q)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of heat transfer must be ' + str(Q) +
', is ' + str(instance.Q.val) + '.')
assert Q == round(instance.Q.val, 0), msg
def test_ParabolicTrough(self):
"""Test component properties of parabolic trough."""
instance = ParabolicTrough('parabolic trough')
self.setup_HeatExchangerSimple_network(instance)
fl = {'Ar': 0, 'H2O': 0, 'S800': 1}
self.c1.set_attr(fluid=fl, p=2, T=200)
self.c2.set_attr(T=350)
# test grouped parameter settings with missing parameters
instance.hydro_group.is_set = True
instance.energy_group.is_set = True
self.nw.solve('design', init_only=True)
msg = ('Hydro group must no be set, if one parameter is missing!')
assert instance.hydro_group.is_set is False, msg
msg = ('Energy group must no be set, if one parameter is missing!')
assert instance.energy_group.is_set is False, msg
# test solar collector params as system variables
instance.set_attr(
pr=1, aoi=10, doc=0.95, Q=1e6, Tamb=25, A='var', eta_opt=0.816,
c_1=0.0622, c_2=0.00023, E=8e2, iam_1=-1.59e-3, iam_2=9.77e-5)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
# heat loss must be identical to E * A - Q (internal heat loss
# calculation)
T_diff = (self.c2.T.val + self.c1.T.val) / 2 - instance.Tamb.val
iam = (
1 - instance.iam_1.val * abs(instance.aoi.val) -
instance.iam_2.val * instance.aoi.val ** 2)
Q_loss = -round(instance.A.val * (
instance.E.val * (
1 - instance.eta_opt.val * instance.doc.val ** 1.5 * iam
) + T_diff * instance.c_1.val + T_diff ** 2 * instance.c_2.val), 0)
msg = (
'Value for heat loss of parabolic trough must be ' + str(Q_loss) +
', is ' + str(round(instance.Q_loss.val, 0)) + '.')
assert Q_loss == round(instance.Q_loss.val, 0), msg
# test all parameters of the energy group: E
# going to a different operating point first
area = instance.A.val
instance.set_attr(A=area * 1.2, E='var')
self.nw.solve('design')
instance.set_attr(A=area)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
assert Q_loss == round(instance.Q_loss.val, 0), msg
# test all parameters of the energy group: eta_opt
instance.set_attr(E=5e2, eta_opt='var')
self.nw.solve('design')
instance.set_attr(E=8e2)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
assert Q_loss == round(instance.Q_loss.val, 0), msg
# test all parameters of the energy group: c_1
instance.set_attr(E=5e2, eta_opt=instance.eta_opt.val, c_1='var')
self.nw.solve('design')
instance.set_attr(E=8e2)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
assert Q_loss == round(instance.Q_loss.val, 0), msg
# test all parameters of the energy group: c_2
instance.set_attr(E=5e2, c_1=instance.c_1.val, c_2='var')
self.nw.solve('design')
instance.set_attr(E=8e2)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
assert Q_loss == round(instance.Q_loss.val, 0), msg
# test all parameters of the energy group: iam_1
instance.set_attr(E=5e2, c_2=instance.c_2.val, iam_1='var')
self.nw.solve('design')
instance.set_attr(E=8e2)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
assert Q_loss == round(instance.Q_loss.val, 0), msg
# test all parameters of the energy group: iam_2
instance.set_attr(E=5e2, iam_1=instance.iam_1.val, iam_2='var')
self.nw.solve('design')
instance.set_attr(E=8e2)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
assert Q_loss == round(instance.Q_loss.val, 0), msg
# test all parameters of the energy group: aoi
instance.set_attr(E=5e2, iam_2=instance.iam_2.val, aoi='var')
self.nw.solve('design')
instance.set_attr(E=8e2)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
assert Q_loss == round(instance.Q_loss.val, 0), msg
# test all parameters of the energy group: doc
instance.set_attr(E=5e2, aoi=instance.aoi.val, doc='var')
self.nw.solve('design')
instance.set_attr(E=8e2)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
assert Q_loss == round(instance.Q_loss.val, 0), msg
def test_SolarCollector(self):
"""Test component properties of solar collector."""
instance = SolarCollector('solar collector')
self.setup_HeatExchangerSimple_network(instance)
fl = {'Ar': 0, 'H2O': 1, 'S800': 0}
self.c1.set_attr(fluid=fl, p=10, T=30)
self.c2.set_attr(T=70)
# test grouped parameter settings with missing parameters
instance.hydro_group.is_set = True
instance.energy_group.is_set = True
self.nw.solve('design', init_only=True)
msg = ('Hydro group must no be set, if one parameter is missing!')
assert instance.hydro_group.is_set is False, msg
msg = ('Energy group must no be set, if one parameter is missing!')
assert instance.energy_group.is_set is False, msg
# test solar collector params as system variables
instance.set_attr(E=1e3, lkf_lin=1.0, lkf_quad=0.005, A='var',
eta_opt=0.9, Q=1e5, Tamb=20, pr=0.99)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
# heat loss must be identical to E * A - Q (internal heat loss
# calculation)
T_diff = (self.c2.T.val + self.c1.T.val) / 2 - instance.Tamb.val
Q_loss = -round(instance.A.val * (
instance.E.val * (1 - instance.eta_opt.val) +
T_diff * instance.lkf_lin.val +
T_diff ** 2 * instance.lkf_quad.val), 0)
msg = ('Value for heat loss of solar collector must be '
+ str(Q_loss) + ', is ' + str(round(instance.Q_loss.val, 0)) +
'.')
assert Q_loss == round(instance.Q_loss.val, 0), msg
# test all parameters of the energy group: E
area = instance.A.val
instance.set_attr(A=area * 1.2, E='var')
self.nw.solve('design')
instance.set_attr(A=area)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
assert Q_loss == round(instance.Q_loss.val, 0), msg
# test all parameters of the energy group: eta_opt
instance.set_attr(E=8e2, eta_opt='var')
self.nw.solve('design')
instance.set_attr(E=1e3)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
assert Q_loss == round(instance.Q_loss.val, 0), msg
# test all parameters of the energy group: lkf_lin
instance.set_attr(E=8e2, eta_opt=instance.eta_opt.val, lkf_lin='var')
self.nw.solve('design')
instance.set_attr(E=1e3)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
assert Q_loss == round(instance.Q_loss.val, 0), msg
# test all parameters of the energy group: lkf_quad
instance.set_attr(E=8e2, lkf_lin=instance.lkf_lin.val, lkf_quad='var')
self.nw.solve('design')
instance.set_attr(E=1e3)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
assert Q_loss == round(instance.Q_loss.val, 0), msg
# test all parameters of the energy group: Tamb
instance.set_attr(E=8e2, lkf_lin=instance.lkf_lin.val, lkf_quad='var')
self.nw.solve('design')
instance.set_attr(E=1e3)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
assert Q_loss == round(instance.Q_loss.val, 0), msg
def test_HeatExchanger(self):
"""Test component properties of heat exchanger."""
instance = HeatExchanger('heat exchanger')
self.setup_HeatExchanger_network(instance)
# design specification
instance.set_attr(pr1=0.98, pr2=0.98, ttd_u=5,
design=['pr1', 'pr2', 'ttd_u'],
offdesign=['zeta1', 'zeta2', 'kA_char'])
self.c1.set_attr(T=120, p=3, fluid={'Ar': 0, 'H2O': 1, 'S800': 0})
self.c2.set_attr(T=70)
self.c3.set_attr(T=40, p=5, fluid={'Ar': 1, 'H2O': 0, 'S800': 0})
b = Bus('heat transfer', P=-80e3)
b.add_comps({'comp': instance})
self.nw.add_busses(b)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
self.nw.save('tmp')
Q_design = instance.Q.val
# test specified kA value
instance.set_attr(kA=instance.kA.val * 2 / 3)
b.set_attr(P=None)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
# test heat transfer
Q = self.c1.m.val_SI * (self.c2.h.val_SI - self.c1.h.val_SI)
msg = (
'Value of heat flow must be ' + str(round(Q_design * 2 / 3, 0)) +
', is ' + str(round(Q, 0)) + '.')
assert round(Q, 1) == round(Q_design * 2 / 3, 1), msg
# back to design case
instance.set_attr(kA=None)
b.set_attr(P=Q_design)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
# check heat transfer
Q = self.c1.m.val_SI * (self.c2.h.val_SI - self.c1.h.val_SI)
td_log = ((self.c2.T.val - self.c3.T.val -
self.c1.T.val + self.c4.T.val) /
np.log((self.c2.T.val - self.c3.T.val) /
(self.c1.T.val - self.c4.T.val)))
kA = round(-Q / td_log, 0)
msg = ('Value of heat transfer must be ' + str(round(Q, 0)) + ', is ' +
str(round(instance.Q.val, 0)) + '.')
assert round(Q, 0) == round(instance.Q.val, 0), msg
# check upper terminal temperature difference
msg = ('Value of terminal temperature difference must be ' +
str(round(instance.ttd_u.val, 1)) + ', is ' +
str(round(self.c1.T.val - self.c4.T.val, 1)) + '.')
ttd_u_calc = round(self.c1.T.val - self.c4.T.val, 1)
ttd_u = round(instance.ttd_u.val, 1)
assert ttd_u_calc == ttd_u, msg
# check lower terminal temperature difference
self.c2.set_attr(T=np.nan)
instance.set_attr(ttd_l=20)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of terminal temperature difference must be ' +
str(instance.ttd_l.val) + ', is ' +
str(self.c2.T.val - self.c3.T.val) + '.')
ttd_l_calc = round(self.c2.T.val - self.c3.T.val, 1)
ttd_l = round(instance.ttd_l.val, 1)
assert ttd_l_calc == ttd_l, msg
# check specified kA value (by offdesign parameter), reset temperatures
# to design state
self.c2.set_attr(T=70)
instance.set_attr(ttd_l=np.nan)
self.nw.solve('offdesign', design_path='tmp')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of heat flow must be ' + str(instance.Q.val) + ', is ' +
str(round(Q, 0)) + '.')
assert round(Q, 0) == round(instance.Q.val, 0), msg
msg = ('Value of heat transfer coefficient must be ' + str(kA) +
', is ' + str(round(instance.kA.val, 0)) + '.')
assert kA == round(instance.kA.val, 0), msg
# trigger negative lower terminal temperature difference as result
self.c4.set_attr(T=np.nan)
self.c2.set_attr(T=30)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of upper terminal temperature differences must be '
'smaller than zero, is ' + str(round(instance.ttd_l.val, 1)) +
'.')
assert instance.ttd_l.val < 0, msg
# trigger negative upper terminal temperature difference as result
self.c4.set_attr(T=100)
self.c2.set_attr(h=200e3, T=np.nan)
instance.set_attr(pr1=0.98, pr2=0.98, ttd_u=np.nan,
design=['pr1', 'pr2'])
self.c1.set_attr(h=150e3, T=np.nan)
self.c3.set_attr(T=40)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of upper terminal temperature differences must be '
'smaller than zero, is ' + str(round(instance.ttd_u.val, 1)) +
'.')
assert instance.ttd_u.val < 0, msg
shutil.rmtree('./tmp', ignore_errors=True)
def test_Condenser(self):
"""Test component properties of Condenser."""
instance = Condenser('condenser')
self.setup_HeatExchanger_network(instance)
# design specification
instance.set_attr(pr1=0.98, pr2=0.98, ttd_u=5,
offdesign=['zeta2', 'kA_char'])
self.c1.set_attr(T=100, p0=0.5, fluid={'Ar': 0, 'H2O': 1, 'S800': 0})
self.c3.set_attr(T=30, p=5, fluid={'Ar': 0, 'H2O': 1, 'S800': 0})
self.c4.set_attr(T=40)
instance.set_attr(Q=-80e3)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
self.nw.save('tmp')
Q_design = instance.Q.val
# test specified kA value
instance.set_attr(kA=instance.kA.val * 2 / 3, Q=None)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
# test heat transfer
Q = self.c1.m.val_SI * (self.c2.h.val_SI - self.c1.h.val_SI)
msg = (
'Value of heat flow must be ' + str(round(Q_design * 2 / 3, 0)) +
', is ' + str(round(Q, 0)) + '.')
assert round(Q, 1) == round(Q_design * 2 / 3, 1), msg
# back to design case
instance.set_attr(kA=None, Q=Q_design)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
# test heat transfer
Q = self.c1.m.val_SI * (self.c2.h.val_SI - self.c1.h.val_SI)
msg = ('Value of heat flow must be ' + str(round(instance.Q.val, 0)) +
', is ' + str(round(Q, 0)) + '.')
assert round(Q, 1) == round(instance.Q.val, 1), msg
# test upper terminal temperature difference. For the component
# condenser the temperature of the condensing fluid is relevant.
ttd_u = round(T_bp_p(self.c1.get_flow()) - self.c4.T.val_SI, 1)
p = round(self.c1.p.val_SI, 5)
msg = ('Value of terminal temperature difference must be ' +
str(round(instance.ttd_u.val, 1)) + ', is ' +
str(ttd_u) + '.')
assert ttd_u == round(instance.ttd_u.val, 1), msg
# test lower terminal temperature difference
instance.set_attr(ttd_l=20, ttd_u=np.nan, design=['pr2', 'ttd_l'])
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of terminal temperature difference must be ' +
str(instance.ttd_l.val) + ', is ' +
str(self.c2.T.val - self.c3.T.val) + '.')
ttd_l_calc = round(self.c2.T.val - self.c3.T.val, 1)
ttd_l = round(instance.ttd_l.val, 1)
assert ttd_l_calc == ttd_l, msg
# check kA value with condensing pressure in offdesign mode:
# no changes to design point means: identical pressure
self.nw.solve('offdesign', design_path='tmp')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of condensing pressure be ' + str(p) + ', is ' +
str(round(self.c1.p.val_SI, 5)) + '.')
assert p == round(self.c1.p.val_SI, 5), msg
shutil.rmtree('./tmp', ignore_errors=True)
class PowerPlant():
def __init__(self):
self.nw = Network(fluids=['BICUBIC::water'],
p_unit='bar',
T_unit='C',
h_unit='kJ / kg',
iterinfo=False)
# components
# main cycle
eco = HeatExchangerSimple('economizer')
eva = HeatExchangerSimple('evaporator')
sup = HeatExchangerSimple('superheater')
cc = CycleCloser('cycle closer')
hpt = Turbine('high pressure turbine')
sp1 = Splitter('splitter 1', num_out=2)
mpt = Turbine('mid pressure turbine')
sp2 = Splitter('splitter 2', num_out=2)
lpt = Turbine('low pressure turbine')
con = Condenser('condenser')
pu1 = Pump('feed water pump')
fwh1 = Condenser('feed water preheater 1')
fwh2 = Condenser('feed water preheater 2')
dsh = Desuperheater('desuperheater')
me2 = Merge('merge2', num_in=2)
pu2 = Pump('feed water pump 2')
pu3 = Pump('feed water pump 3')
me = Merge('merge', num_in=2)
# cooling water
cwi = Source('cooling water source')
cwo = Sink('cooling water sink')
# connections
# main cycle
cc_hpt = Connection(cc, 'out1', hpt, 'in1', label='feed steam')
hpt_sp1 = Connection(hpt, 'out1', sp1, 'in1', label='extraction1')
sp1_mpt = Connection(sp1, 'out1', mpt, 'in1', state='g')
mpt_sp2 = Connection(mpt, 'out1', sp2, 'in1', label='extraction2')
sp2_lpt = Connection(sp2, 'out1', lpt, 'in1')
lpt_con = Connection(lpt, 'out1', con, 'in1')
con_pu1 = Connection(con, 'out1', pu1, 'in1')
pu1_fwh1 = Connection(pu1, 'out1', fwh1, 'in2')
fwh1_me = Connection(fwh1, 'out2', me, 'in1', state='l')
me_fwh2 = Connection(me, 'out1', fwh2, 'in2', state='l')
fwh2_dsh = Connection(fwh2, 'out2', dsh, 'in2', state='l')
dsh_me2 = Connection(dsh, 'out2', me2, 'in1')
me2_eco = Connection(me2, 'out1', eco, 'in1', state='l')
eco_eva = Connection(eco, 'out1', eva, 'in1')
eva_sup = Connection(eva, 'out1', sup, 'in1')
sup_cc = Connection(sup, 'out1', cc, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(cc_hpt, hpt_sp1, sp1_mpt, mpt_sp2, sp2_lpt, lpt_con,
con_pu1, pu1_fwh1, fwh1_me, me_fwh2, fwh2_dsh,
dsh_me2, me2_eco, eco_eva, eva_sup, sup_cc)
# cooling water
cwi_con = Connection(cwi, 'out1', con, 'in2')
con_cwo = Connection(con, 'out2', cwo, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(cwi_con, con_cwo)
# preheating
sp1_dsh = Connection(sp1, 'out2', dsh, 'in1')
dsh_fwh2 = Connection(dsh, 'out1', fwh2, 'in1')
fwh2_pu2 = Connection(fwh2, 'out1', pu2, 'in1')
pu2_me2 = Connection(pu2, 'out1', me2, 'in2')
sp2_fwh1 = Connection(sp2, 'out2', fwh1, 'in1')
fwh1_pu3 = Connection(fwh1, 'out1', pu3, 'in1')
pu3_me = Connection(pu3, 'out1', me, 'in2')
self.nw.add_conns(sp1_dsh, dsh_fwh2, fwh2_pu2, pu2_me2, sp2_fwh1,
fwh1_pu3, pu3_me)
# busses
# power bus
self.power = Bus('power')
self.power.add_comps({
'comp': hpt,
'char': -1
}, {
'comp': mpt,
'char': -1
}, {
'comp': lpt,
'char': -1
}, {
'comp': pu1,
'char': -1
}, {
'comp': pu2,
'char': -1
}, {
'comp': pu3,
'char': -1
})
# heating bus
self.heat = Bus('heat')
self.heat.add_comps({
'comp': eco,
'char': 1
}, {
'comp': eva,
'char': 1
}, {
'comp': sup,
'char': 1
})
self.nw.add_busses(self.power, self.heat)
# parametrization
# components
hpt.set_attr(eta_s=0.9)
mpt.set_attr(eta_s=0.9)
lpt.set_attr(eta_s=0.9)
pu1.set_attr(eta_s=0.8)
pu2.set_attr(eta_s=0.8)
pu3.set_attr(eta_s=0.8)
eco.set_attr(pr=0.99)
eva.set_attr(pr=0.99)
sup.set_attr(pr=0.99)
con.set_attr(pr1=1, pr2=0.99, ttd_u=5)
fwh1.set_attr(pr1=1, pr2=0.99, ttd_u=5)
fwh2.set_attr(pr1=1, pr2=0.99, ttd_u=5)
dsh.set_attr(pr1=0.99, pr2=0.99)
# connections
eco_eva.set_attr(x=0)
eva_sup.set_attr(x=1)
cc_hpt.set_attr(m=200, T=650, p=100, fluid={'water': 1})
hpt_sp1.set_attr(p=20)
mpt_sp2.set_attr(p=3)
lpt_con.set_attr(p=0.05)
cwi_con.set_attr(T=20, p=10, fluid={'water': 1})
# test run
self.nw.solve('design')
document_model(self.nw)
def calculate_efficiency(self, x):
# set extraction pressure
self.nw.get_conn('extraction1').set_attr(p=x[0])
self.nw.get_conn('extraction2').set_attr(p=x[1])
self.nw.solve('design')
for cp in self.nw.comps['object']:
if isinstance(cp, Condenser) or isinstance(cp, Desuperheater):
if cp.Q.val > 0:
return np.nan
elif isinstance(cp, Pump):
if cp.P.val < 0:
return np.nan
elif isinstance(cp, Turbine):
if cp.P.val > 0:
return np.nan
if self.nw.res[-1] > 1e-3 or self.nw.lin_dep:
return np.nan
else:
return self.nw.busses['power'].P.val / self.nw.busses['heat'].P.val
class TestSEGS:
def setup(self):
"""
Full model validation of SEGS model in TESPy vs. EBSILON.
Find original models at https://github.com/fwitte/SEGS_exergy.
"""
# specification of ambient state
self.pamb = 1.013
self.Tamb = 25
# setting up network
self.nw = Network(fluids=['water', 'INCOMP::TVP1', 'air'])
self.nw.set_attr(T_unit='C',
p_unit='bar',
h_unit='kJ / kg',
m_unit='kg / s',
s_unit="kJ / kgK")
# components definition
air_in = Source('Ambient air source', fkt_group='CW')
air_out = Sink('Ambient air sink', fkt_group='CW')
closer_pt = CycleCloser('Cycle closer pt', fkt_group='SF')
pt = ParabolicTrough('Parabolic trough', fkt_group='SF')
ptpump = Pump('HTF pump', fkt_group='SF')
closer = CycleCloser('Cycle closer power cycle', fkt_group='SG')
eco = HeatExchanger('Economizer', fkt_group='SG')
eva = HeatExchanger('Evaporator', fkt_group='SG')
sup = HeatExchanger('Superheater', fkt_group='SG')
drum = Drum('Drum', fkt_group='SG')
reh = HeatExchanger('Reheater', fkt_group='RH')
hpt1 = Turbine('HP turbine 1', fkt_group='HPT')
hpt2 = Turbine('HP turbine 2', fkt_group='HPT')
lpt1 = Turbine('LP turbine 1', fkt_group='LPT')
lpt2 = Turbine('LP turbine 2', fkt_group='LPT')
lpt3 = Turbine('LP turbine 3', fkt_group='LPT')
lpt4 = Turbine('LP turbine 4', fkt_group='LPT')
lpt5 = Turbine('LP turbine 5', fkt_group='LPT')
cond = Condenser('Condenser', fkt_group='CW')
condpump = Pump('Condenser pump', fkt_group='CW')
fwt = Merge('Feedwater tank', num_in=3, fkt_group='LPP')
fwp = Pump('Feedwater pump', fkt_group='FWP')
cwp = Pump('Cooling water pump', fkt_group='CW')
closer_cw = CycleCloser('Cycle closer cw', fkt_group='CW')
ct = HeatExchanger('Cooling tower', fkt_group='CW')
fan = Compressor('Cooling tower fan', fkt_group='CW')
sp1 = Splitter('Splitter 1', fkt_group='HPT')
sp2 = Splitter('Splitter 2', fkt_group='HPT')
sp3 = Splitter('Splitter 3', fkt_group='LPT')
sp4 = Splitter('Splitter 4', fkt_group='LPT')
sp5 = Splitter('Splitter 5', fkt_group='LPT')
sp6 = Splitter('Splitter 6', fkt_group='LPT')
sp7 = Splitter('Splitter 7', fkt_group='SF')
m1 = Merge('Merge 1', fkt_group='CW')
m2 = Merge('Merge 2', fkt_group='HPP')
m3 = Merge('Merge 3', fkt_group='LPP')
m4 = Merge('Merge 4', fkt_group='LPP')
m5 = Merge('Merge 5', fkt_group='SF')
v1 = Valve('Valve 1', fkt_group='HPP')
v2 = Valve('Valve 2', fkt_group='HPP')
v3 = Valve('Valve 3', fkt_group='LPP')
v4 = Valve('Valve 4', fkt_group='LPP')
v5 = Valve('Valve 5', fkt_group='LPP')
hppre1 = Condenser('High pressure preheater 1', fkt_group='HPP')
hppre2 = Condenser('High pressure preheater 2', fkt_group='HPP')
hppre1_sub = HeatExchanger('High pressure preheater 1 subcooling',
fkt_group='HPP')
hppre2_sub = HeatExchanger('High pressure preheater 2 subcooling',
fkt_group='HPP')
lppre1 = Condenser('Low pressure preheater 1', fkt_group='LPP')
lppre2 = Condenser('Low pressure preheater 2', fkt_group='LPP')
lppre3 = Condenser('Low pressure preheater 3', fkt_group='LPP')
lppre1_sub = HeatExchanger('Low pressure preheater 1 subcooling',
fkt_group='LPP')
lppre2_sub = HeatExchanger('Low pressure preheater 2 subcooling',
fkt_group='LPP')
lppre3_sub = HeatExchanger('Low pressure preheater 3 subcooling',
fkt_group='LPP')
# connections definition
# power cycle
c1 = Connection(sup, 'out2', closer, 'in1', label='1')
c2 = Connection(closer, 'out1', hpt1, 'in1', label='2')
c3 = Connection(hpt1, 'out1', sp1, 'in1', label='3')
c4 = Connection(sp1, 'out1', hpt2, 'in1', label='4')
c5 = Connection(hpt2, 'out1', sp2, 'in1', label='5')
c6 = Connection(sp2, 'out1', reh, 'in2', label='6')
c7 = Connection(reh, 'out2', lpt1, 'in1', label='7')
c8 = Connection(lpt1, 'out1', sp3, 'in1', label='8')
c9 = Connection(sp3, 'out1', lpt2, 'in1', label='9')
c10 = Connection(lpt2, 'out1', sp4, 'in1', label='10')
c11 = Connection(sp4, 'out1', lpt3, 'in1', label='11')
c12 = Connection(lpt3, 'out1', sp5, 'in1', label='12')
c13 = Connection(sp5, 'out1', lpt4, 'in1', label='13')
c14 = Connection(lpt4, 'out1', sp6, 'in1', label='14')
c15 = Connection(sp6, 'out1', lpt5, 'in1', label='15')
c16 = Connection(lpt5, 'out1', m1, 'in1', label='16')
c17 = Connection(m1, 'out1', cond, 'in1', label='17')
c18 = Connection(cond, 'out1', condpump, 'in1', label='18')
c19 = Connection(condpump, 'out1', lppre1, 'in2', label='19')
# c19 = Connection(condpump, 'out1', lppre1_sub, 'in2', label='19')
# c20 = Connection(lppre1_sub, 'out2', lppre1, 'in2', label='20')
c21 = Connection(lppre1, 'out2', lppre2, 'in2', label='21')
# c21 = Connection(lppre1, 'out2', lppre2_sub, 'in2', label='21')
# c22 = Connection(lppre2_sub, 'out2', lppre2, 'in2', label='22')
c23 = Connection(lppre2, 'out2', lppre3, 'in2', label='23')
# c23 = Connection(lppre2, 'out2', lppre3_sub, 'in2', label='23')
# c24 = Connection(lppre3_sub, 'out2', lppre3, 'in2', label='24')
c25 = Connection(lppre3, 'out2', fwt, 'in1', label='25')
c26 = Connection(fwt, 'out1', fwp, 'in1', label='26')
c27 = Connection(fwp, 'out1', hppre1, 'in2', label='27')
c29 = Connection(hppre1, 'out2', hppre2, 'in2', label='29')
c31 = Connection(hppre2, 'out2', eco, 'in2', label='31')
c36 = Connection(sp1, 'out2', hppre2, 'in1', label='36')
c37 = Connection(hppre2, 'out1', v1, 'in1', label='37')
c39 = Connection(v1, 'out1', m2, 'in2', label='39')
c40 = Connection(sp2, 'out2', m2, 'in1', label='40')
c41 = Connection(m2, 'out1', hppre1, 'in1', label='41')
c42 = Connection(hppre1, 'out1', v2, 'in1', label='42')
c44 = Connection(v2, 'out1', fwt, 'in2', label='44')
c45 = Connection(sp3, 'out2', fwt, 'in3', label='45')
c46 = Connection(sp4, 'out2', lppre3, 'in1', label='46')
c47 = Connection(lppre3, 'out1', v3, 'in1', label='47')
# c47 = Connection(lppre3, 'out1', lppre3_sub, 'in1', label='47')
# c48 = Connection(lppre3_sub, 'out1', v3, 'in1', label='48')
c49 = Connection(v3, 'out1', m3, 'in1', label='49')
c50 = Connection(sp5, 'out2', m3, 'in2', label='50')
c51 = Connection(m3, 'out1', lppre2, 'in1', label='51')
c52 = Connection(lppre2, 'out1', v4, 'in1', label='52')
# c52 = Connection(lppre2, 'out1', lppre2_sub, 'in1', label='52')
# c53 = Connection(lppre2_sub, 'out1', v4, 'in1', label='53')
c54 = Connection(v4, 'out1', m4, 'in2', label='54')
c55 = Connection(sp6, 'out2', m4, 'in1', label='55')
c56 = Connection(m4, 'out1', lppre1, 'in1', label='56')
c57 = Connection(lppre1, 'out1', v5, 'in1', label='57')
# c57 = Connection(lppre1, 'out1', lppre1_sub, 'in1', label='57')
# c58 = Connection(lppre1_sub, 'out1', v5, 'in1', label='58')
c59 = Connection(v5, 'out1', m1, 'in2', label='59')
# components from subsystem
c32 = Connection(eco, 'out2', drum, 'in1', label='32')
c33 = Connection(drum, 'out1', eva, 'in2', label='33')
c34 = Connection(eva, 'out2', drum, 'in2', label='34')
c35 = Connection(drum, 'out2', sup, 'in2', label='35')
c73 = Connection(sup, 'out1', eva, 'in1', label='73')
c74 = Connection(eva, 'out1', eco, 'in1', label='74')
# cooling water
c60 = Connection(cond, 'out2', closer_cw, 'in1', label='60')
c61 = Connection(closer_cw, 'out1', ct, 'in1', label='61')
c62 = Connection(ct, 'out1', cwp, 'in1', label='62')
c63 = Connection(cwp, 'out1', cond, 'in2', label='63')
# cooling tower
c64 = Connection(air_in, 'out1', fan, 'in1', label='64')
c65 = Connection(fan, 'out1', ct, 'in2', label='65')
c66 = Connection(ct, 'out2', air_out, 'in1', label='66')
# parabolic trough cycle
c70 = Connection(pt, 'out1', closer_pt, 'in1', label='67')
c71 = Connection(closer_pt, 'out1', sp7, 'in1', label='71')
c72 = Connection(sp7, 'out1', sup, 'in1', label='72')
c75 = Connection(eco, 'out1', m5, 'in1', label='75')
c76 = Connection(sp7, 'out2', reh, 'in1', label='76')
c77 = Connection(reh, 'out1', m5, 'in2', label='77')
c78 = Connection(m5, 'out1', ptpump, 'in1', label='78')
c79 = Connection(ptpump, 'out1', pt, 'in1', label='79')
# add connections to network
self.nw.add_conns(c1, c2, c3, c4, c5, c6, c7, c8, c9, c10, c11, c12,
c13, c14, c15, c16, c17, c18, c19, c21, c23, c25,
c26, c27, c29, c31, c32, c33, c34, c35, c36, c37,
c39, c40, c41, c42, c44, c45, c46, c47, c49, c50,
c51, c52, c54, c55, c56, c57, c59, c60, c61, c62,
c63, c64, c65, c66, c70, c71, c72, c73, c74, c75,
c76, c77, c78, c79)
# power bus
power = Bus('total output power')
power.add_comps({
'comp': hpt1,
'char': 0.97,
'base': 'component'
}, {
'comp': hpt2,
'char': 0.97,
'base': 'component'
}, {
'comp': lpt1,
'char': 0.97,
'base': 'component'
}, {
'comp': lpt2,
'char': 0.97,
'base': 'component'
}, {
'comp': lpt3,
'char': 0.97,
'base': 'component'
}, {
'comp': lpt4,
'char': 0.97,
'base': 'component'
}, {
'comp': lpt5,
'char': 0.97,
'base': 'component'
}, {
'comp': fwp,
'char': 0.95,
'base': 'bus'
}, {
'comp': condpump,
'char': 0.95,
'base': 'bus'
}, {
'comp': ptpump,
'char': 0.95,
'base': 'bus'
}, {
'comp': cwp,
'char': 0.95,
'base': 'bus'
}, {
'comp': fan,
'char': 0.95,
'base': 'bus'
})
heat_input_bus = Bus('heat input')
heat_input_bus.add_comps({'comp': pt, 'base': 'bus'})
exergy_loss_bus = Bus('exergy loss')
exergy_loss_bus.add_comps({
'comp': air_in,
'base': 'bus'
}, {'comp': air_out})
self.nw.add_busses(power, heat_input_bus, exergy_loss_bus)
# component parameters
pt.set_attr(doc=0.95,
aoi=0,
Tamb=25,
A='var',
eta_opt=0.73,
c_1=0.00496,
c_2=0.000691,
E=1000,
iam_1=1,
iam_2=1)
ptpump.set_attr(eta_s=0.6)
eco.set_attr()
eva.set_attr(ttd_l=5)
sup.set_attr()
hpt1.set_attr(eta_s=0.8376)
hpt2.set_attr(eta_s=0.8463)
lpt1.set_attr(eta_s=0.8623)
lpt2.set_attr(eta_s=0.917)
lpt3.set_attr(eta_s=0.9352)
lpt4.set_attr(eta_s=0.88)
lpt5.set_attr(eta_s=0.6445)
cond.set_attr(pr1=1, pr2=0.9, ttd_u=5)
condpump.set_attr(eta_s=0.7)
fwp.set_attr(eta_s=0.7)
cwp.set_attr(eta_s=0.7)
ct.set_attr(pr1=0.95)
fan.set_attr(eta_s=0.6)
lppre1.set_attr(pr1=1, ttd_u=5)
lppre2.set_attr(pr1=1, ttd_u=5)
lppre3.set_attr(pr1=1, ttd_u=5)
hppre1.set_attr(pr1=1, ttd_u=5)
hppre2.set_attr(pr1=1, ttd_u=5)
lppre1_sub.set_attr(pr1=1, pr2=1, ttd_l=10)
lppre2_sub.set_attr(pr1=1, pr2=1, ttd_l=10)
lppre3_sub.set_attr(pr1=1, pr2=1, ttd_l=10)
hppre1_sub.set_attr(pr1=1, pr2=1, ttd_l=10)
hppre2_sub.set_attr(pr1=1, pr2=1, ttd_l=10)
# connection parameters
# parabolic trough cycle
c70.set_attr(fluid={'TVP1': 1, 'water': 0, 'air': 0}, T=390, p=23.304)
c76.set_attr(m=Ref(c70, 0.1284, 0))
c73.set_attr(p=22.753)
c74.set_attr(p=21.167)
c78.set_attr(p=20.34)
c79.set_attr(p=41.024)
# cooling water
c62.set_attr(fluid={
'TVP1': 0,
'water': 1,
'air': 0
},
T=30,
p=self.pamb)
# cooling tower
c64.set_attr(fluid={
'water': 0,
'TVP1': 0,
'air': 1
},
p=self.pamb,
T=self.Tamb)
c65.set_attr(p=self.pamb + 0.0005)
c66.set_attr(p=self.pamb, T=30)
# power cycle
c32.set_attr(Td_bp=-2)
c34.set_attr(x=0.5)
c1.set_attr(fluid={'water': 1, 'TVP1': 0, 'air': 0}, p=100, T=371)
# steam generator pressure values
c31.set_attr(p=103.56)
c35.set_attr(p=103.42)
# turbine pressure values
c3.set_attr(p=33.61, m=38.969)
c5.set_attr(p=18.58)
c7.set_attr(p=17.1, T=371)
c8.set_attr(p=7.98)
c10.set_attr(p=2.73)
c12.set_attr(p=0.96)
c14.set_attr(p=0.29)
# preheater pressure values
c19.set_attr(p=14.755, state='l')
c21.set_attr(p=9.9975, state='l')
c23.set_attr(p=8.7012, state='l')
c25.set_attr(state='l')
c27.set_attr(p=125)
c29.set_attr(p=112)
# condensation
c16.set_attr(p=0.08)
# feedwater tank
c26.set_attr(x=0)
# a stable solution is generated for parts of the network
self.nw.solve(mode='design')
self.nw.del_conns(c19, c21, c23, c27, c29, c37, c42, c47, c52, c57)
c19 = Connection(condpump, 'out1', lppre1_sub, 'in2', label='19')
c20 = Connection(lppre1_sub, 'out2', lppre1, 'in2', label='20')
c21 = Connection(lppre1, 'out2', lppre2_sub, 'in2', label='21')
c22 = Connection(lppre2_sub, 'out2', lppre2, 'in2', label='22')
c23 = Connection(lppre2, 'out2', lppre3_sub, 'in2', label='23')
c24 = Connection(lppre3_sub, 'out2', lppre3, 'in2', label='24')
c27 = Connection(fwp, 'out1', hppre1_sub, 'in2', label='27')
c28 = Connection(hppre1_sub, 'out2', hppre1, 'in2', label='28')
c29 = Connection(hppre1, 'out2', hppre2_sub, 'in2', label='29')
c30 = Connection(hppre2_sub, 'out2', hppre2, 'in2', label='30')
c37 = Connection(hppre2, 'out1', hppre2_sub, 'in1', label='37')
c38 = Connection(hppre2_sub, 'out1', v1, 'in1', label='38')
c42 = Connection(hppre1, 'out1', hppre1_sub, 'in1', label='42')
c43 = Connection(hppre1_sub, 'out1', v2, 'in1', label='43')
c47 = Connection(lppre3, 'out1', lppre3_sub, 'in1', label='47')
c48 = Connection(lppre3_sub, 'out1', v3, 'in1', label='48')
c52 = Connection(lppre2, 'out1', lppre2_sub, 'in1', label='52')
c53 = Connection(lppre2_sub, 'out1', v4, 'in1', label='53')
c57 = Connection(lppre1, 'out1', lppre1_sub, 'in1', label='57')
c58 = Connection(lppre1_sub, 'out1', v5, 'in1', label='58')
self.nw.add_conns(c19, c20, c21, c22, c23, c24, c27, c28, c29, c30,
c37, c38, c42, c43, c47, c48, c52, c53, c57, c58)
# specification of missing parameters
c19.set_attr(p=14.755)
c21.set_attr(p=9.9975, state='l')
c23.set_attr(p=8.7012, state='l')
c27.set_attr(p=125)
c29.set_attr(p=112)
# solve final state
self.nw.solve(mode='design')
def test_model(self):
"""Test the thermodynamic model."""
power_ebsilon = -31.769
power_tespy = round(self.nw.busses['total output power'].P.val / 1e6,
3)
msg = ('The total power calculated (' + str(power_tespy) +
') does not '
'match the power calculated with the EBSILON model (' +
str(power_ebsilon) + ').')
assert power_tespy == power_ebsilon, msg
T_c79_ebsilon = 296.254
T_c79_tespy = round(self.nw.get_conn('79').T.val, 3)
msg = ('The temperature at connection 79 calculated (' +
str(T_c79_tespy) +
') does not match the temperature calculated '
'with the EBSILON model (' + str(T_c79_ebsilon) + ').')
assert T_c79_tespy == T_c79_ebsilon, msg
def test_exergy_analysis(self):
"""Test the exergy analysis results."""
# carry out exergy analysis
ean = ExergyAnalysis(self.nw,
E_P=[self.nw.busses['total output power']],
E_F=[self.nw.busses['heat input']],
E_L=[self.nw.busses['exergy loss']])
ean.analyse(pamb=self.pamb, Tamb=self.Tamb)
# generate Grassmann diagram
links, nodes = ean.generate_plotly_sankey_input()
# check if exergy product value in links is equal to total power
# output
position = links['target'].index(nodes.index('E_P'))
power_links = round(links['value'][position], 0)
power_bus = round(-self.nw.busses['total output power'].P.val, 0)
msg = ('The exergy product value in the links (' + str(power_links) +
') must be equal to the power on the respective bus (' +
str(power_bus) + ').')
assert power_links == power_bus, msg
class TestCompressedAirOut:
def setup(self):
"""Set up air compressed air turbine."""
self.Tamb = 20
self.pamb = 1
fluids = ['Air']
# turbine part
self.nw = Network(fluids=fluids)
self.nw.set_attr(p_unit='bar', T_unit='C', h_unit='kJ / kg')
# components
cas = Source('compressed air storage')
reheater = HeatExchangerSimple('reheating')
turb = Turbine('turbine')
amb = Sink('air outlet')
# power ouput bus
self.power_out = Bus('power output')
self.power_out.add_comps({'comp': turb, 'char': 1})
# compressed air bus
self.cas_out = Bus('exergy in')
self.cas_out.add_comps({
'comp': cas,
'base': 'bus'
}, {
'comp': reheater,
'base': 'bus'
})
# exergy loss bus
self.ex_loss = Bus('exergy loss')
self.ex_loss.add_comps({'comp': amb, 'base': 'component'})
self.nw.add_busses(self.power_out, self.cas_out)
# create connections
cas_reheater = Connection(cas, 'out1', reheater, 'in1')
reheater_turb = Connection(reheater, 'out1', turb, 'in1')
turb_amb = Connection(turb, 'out1', amb, 'in1', label='outlet')
self.nw.add_conns(cas_reheater, reheater_turb, turb_amb)
# component parameters
turb.set_attr(eta_s=1)
reheater.set_attr(pr=1)
# connection parameters
cas_reheater.set_attr(m=2, T=self.Tamb, p=10, fluid={'Air': 1})
reheater_turb.set_attr()
turb_amb.set_attr(p=self.pamb, T=self.Tamb)
# solve network
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
def test_exergy_analysis_bus_conversion(self):
"""Test exergy analysis at product exergy with T < Tamb."""
ean = ExergyAnalysis(self.nw,
E_P=[self.power_out],
E_F=[self.cas_out],
E_L=[self.ex_loss])
ean.analyse(pamb=self.pamb, Tamb=self.Tamb)
exergy_balance = (ean.network_data.E_F - ean.network_data.E_P -
ean.network_data.E_L - ean.network_data.E_D)
msg = ('Exergy balance must be closed (residual value smaller than ' +
str(err**0.5) + ') for this test but is ' +
str(round(abs(exergy_balance), 4)) + '.')
assert abs(exergy_balance) <= err**0.5, msg
msg = ('Exergy efficiency must be equal to 1.0 for this test but is ' +
str(round(ean.network_data.epsilon, 4)) + '.')
assert round(ean.network_data.epsilon, 4) == 1, msg
c = self.nw.get_conn('outlet')
c.set_attr(T=self.Tamb - 20)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
ean.analyse(pamb=self.pamb, Tamb=self.Tamb)
msg = (
'Exergy destruction must be equal to 0.0 for this test but is ' +
str(round(ean.network_data.E_D, 4)) + '.')
assert round(ean.network_data.E_D, 4) == 0, msg
msg = ('Exergy loss must be equal to ' + str(round(c.Ex_physical, 4)) +
' for this test but is ' + str(round(ean.network_data.E_L, 4)) +
'.')
assert round(ean.network_data.E_L, 4) == round(c.Ex_physical, 4), msg
class TestHeatPump:
def setup(self):
# %% network setup
self.nw = Network(fluids=['water', 'NH3'],
T_unit='C',
p_unit='bar',
h_unit='kJ / kg',
m_unit='kg / s')
# %% components
# sources & sinks
cc_coolant = CycleCloser('coolant cycle closer')
cc_consumer = CycleCloser('consumer cycle closer')
amb_in = Source('source ambient')
amb_out = Sink('sink ambient')
ic_in = Source('source intercool')
ic_out = Sink('sink intercool')
# consumer system
cd = HeatExchanger('condenser')
rp = Pump('recirculation pump')
cons = HeatExchangerSimple('consumer')
# evaporator system
va = Valve('valve')
dr = Drum('drum')
ev = HeatExchanger('evaporator')
su = HeatExchanger('superheater')
pu = Pump('pump evaporator')
# compressor-system
cp1 = Compressor('compressor 1')
cp2 = Compressor('compressor 2')
he = HeatExchanger('intercooler')
# busses
self.power = Bus('total compressor power')
self.power.add_comps({
'comp': cp1,
'base': 'bus'
}, {
'comp': cp2,
'base': 'bus'
})
self.heat = Bus('total delivered heat')
self.heat.add_comps({'comp': cd, 'char': -1})
self.nw.add_busses(self.power, self.heat)
# %% connections
# consumer system
c_in_cd = Connection(cc_coolant, 'out1', cd, 'in1')
cb_rp = Connection(cc_consumer, 'out1', rp, 'in1')
rp_cd = Connection(rp, 'out1', cd, 'in2')
self.cd_cons = Connection(cd, 'out2', cons, 'in1')
cons_cf = Connection(cons, 'out1', cc_consumer, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(c_in_cd, cb_rp, rp_cd, self.cd_cons, cons_cf)
# connection condenser - evaporator system
cd_va = Connection(cd, 'out1', va, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(cd_va)
# evaporator system
va_dr = Connection(va, 'out1', dr, 'in1')
dr_pu = Connection(dr, 'out1', pu, 'in1')
pu_ev = Connection(pu, 'out1', ev, 'in2')
ev_dr = Connection(ev, 'out2', dr, 'in2')
dr_su = Connection(dr, 'out2', su, 'in2')
self.nw.add_conns(va_dr, dr_pu, pu_ev, ev_dr, dr_su)
self.amb_in_su = Connection(amb_in, 'out1', su, 'in1')
su_ev = Connection(su, 'out1', ev, 'in1')
ev_amb_out = Connection(ev, 'out1', amb_out, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(self.amb_in_su, su_ev, ev_amb_out)
# connection evaporator system - compressor system
su_cp1 = Connection(su, 'out2', cp1, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(su_cp1)
# compressor-system
cp1_he = Connection(cp1, 'out1', he, 'in1')
he_cp2 = Connection(he, 'out1', cp2, 'in1')
cp2_c_out = Connection(cp2, 'out1', cc_coolant, 'in1')
ic_in_he = Connection(ic_in, 'out1', he, 'in2')
he_ic_out = Connection(he, 'out2', ic_out, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(cp1_he, he_cp2, ic_in_he, he_ic_out, cp2_c_out)
# %% component parametrization
# condenser system
x = np.array([
0, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.1875, 0.25, 0.3125, 0.375, 0.4375, 0.5, 0.5625,
0.6375, 0.7125, 0.7875, 0.9, 0.9875, 1, 1.0625, 1.125, 1.175,
1.2125, 1.2375, 1.25
])
y = np.array([
0.0076, 0.1390, 0.2731, 0.4003, 0.5185, 0.6263, 0.7224, 0.8056,
0.8754, 0.9312, 0.9729, 1.0006, 1.0203, 1.0158, 1.0051, 1.0000,
0.9746, 0.9289, 0.8832, 0.8376, 0.7843, 0.7614
])
rp.set_attr(eta_s=0.8,
design=['eta_s'],
offdesign=['eta_s_char'],
eta_s_char={
'char_func': CharLine(x, y),
'param': 'm'
})
cons.set_attr(pr=1, design=['pr'], offdesign=['zeta'])
# evaporator system
x = np.linspace(0, 2.5, 26)
y = np.array([
0.000, 0.164, 0.283, 0.389, 0.488, 0.581, 0.670, 0.756, 0.840,
0.921, 1.000, 1.078, 1.154, 1.228, 1.302, 1.374, 1.446, 1.516,
1.585, 1.654, 1.722, 1.789, 1.855, 1.921, 1.986, 2.051
])
kA_char1 = {'char_func': CharLine(x, y), 'param': 'm'}
x = np.array([
0.0100, 0.0400, 0.0700, 0.1100, 0.1500, 0.2000, 0.2500, 0.3000,
0.3500, 0.4000, 0.4500, 0.5000, 0.5500, 0.6000, 0.6500, 0.7000,
0.7500, 0.8000, 0.8500, 0.9000, 0.9500, 1.0000, 1.5000, 2.0000
])
y = np.array([
0.0185, 0.0751, 0.1336, 0.2147, 0.2997, 0.4118, 0.5310, 0.6582,
0.7942, 0.9400, 0.9883, 0.9913, 0.9936, 0.9953, 0.9966, 0.9975,
0.9983, 0.9988, 0.9992, 0.9996, 0.9998, 1.0000, 1.0008, 1.0014
])
kA_char2 = {'char_func': CharLine(x, y), 'param': 'm'}
ev.set_attr(pr1=1,
pr2=.999,
ttd_l=5,
design=['ttd_l'],
offdesign=['kA_char'],
kA_char1=kA_char1,
kA_char2=kA_char2)
# no kA modification for hot side!
x = np.array([0, 1])
y = np.array([1, 1])
kA_char1 = {'char_func': CharLine(x, y), 'param': 'm'}
# characteristic line for superheater kA
x = np.array(
[0, 0.045, 0.136, 0.244, 0.43, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 1.1, 1.2])
y = np.array(
[0, 0.037, 0.112, 0.207, 0.5, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95, 1, 1.04, 1.07])
kA_char2 = {'char_func': CharLine(x, y), 'param': 'm'}
su.set_attr(kA_char1=kA_char1,
kA_char2=kA_char2,
offdesign=['zeta1', 'zeta2', 'kA_char'])
x = np.array([
0, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.1875, 0.25, 0.3125, 0.375, 0.4375, 0.5, 0.5625,
0.6375, 0.7125, 0.7875, 0.9, 0.9875, 1, 1.0625, 1.125, 1.175,
1.2125, 1.2375, 1.25
])
y = np.array([
0.0076, 0.1390, 0.2731, 0.4003, 0.5185, 0.6263, 0.7224, 0.8056,
0.8754, 0.9312, 0.9729, 1.0006, 1.0203, 1.0158, 1.0051, 1.0000,
0.9746, 0.9289, 0.8832, 0.8376, 0.7843, 0.7614
])
pu.set_attr(eta_s=0.8,
design=['eta_s'],
offdesign=['eta_s_char'],
eta_s_char={
'char_func': CharLine(x, y),
'param': 'm'
})
# compressor system
x = np.array([0, 0.4, 1, 1.2])
y = np.array([0.5, 0.9, 1, 1.1])
cp1.set_attr(eta_s=0.8,
design=['eta_s'],
offdesign=['eta_s_char'],
eta_s_char={
'char_func': CharLine(x, y),
'param': 'm'
})
cp2.set_attr(eta_s=0.8,
design=['eta_s'],
offdesign=['eta_s_char'],
eta_s_char={
'char_func': CharLine(x, y),
'param': 'm'
})
# characteristic line for intercooler kA
x = np.linspace(0, 2.5, 26)
y = np.array([
0.0000, 0.2455, 0.3747, 0.4798, 0.5718, 0.6552, 0.7323, 0.8045,
0.8727, 0.9378, 1.0000, 1.0599, 1.1176, 1.1736, 1.2278, 1.2806,
1.3320, 1.3822, 1.4313, 1.4792, 1.5263, 1.5724, 1.6176, 1.6621,
1.7058, 1.7488
])
kA_char1 = {'char_func': CharLine(x, y), 'param': 'm'}
x = np.linspace(0, 2.5, 26)
y = np.array([
0.000, 0.164, 0.283, 0.389, 0.488, 0.581, 0.670, 0.756, 0.840,
0.921, 1.000, 1.078, 1.154, 1.228, 1.302, 1.374, 1.446, 1.516,
1.585, 1.654, 1.722, 1.789, 1.855, 1.921, 1.986, 2.051
])
kA_char2 = {'char_func': CharLine(x, y), 'param': 'm'}
he.set_attr(kA_char1=kA_char1,
kA_char2=kA_char2,
offdesign=['zeta1', 'zeta2', 'kA_char'])
# characteristic line for condenser kA
x = np.linspace(0, 2.5, 26)
y = np.array([
0.0000, 0.2455, 0.3747, 0.4798, 0.5718, 0.6552, 0.7323, 0.8045,
0.8727, 0.9378, 1.0000, 1.0599, 1.1176, 1.1736, 1.2278, 1.2806,
1.3320, 1.3822, 1.4313, 1.4792, 1.5263, 1.5724, 1.6176, 1.6621,
1.7058, 1.7488
])
kA_char1 = {'char_func': CharLine(x, y), 'param': 'm'}
x = np.linspace(0, 2.5, 26)
y = np.array([
0.000, 0.164, 0.283, 0.389, 0.488, 0.581, 0.670, 0.756, 0.840,
0.921, 1.000, 1.078, 1.154, 1.228, 1.302, 1.374, 1.446, 1.516,
1.585, 1.654, 1.722, 1.789, 1.855, 1.921, 1.986, 2.051
])
kA_char2 = {'char_func': CharLine(x, y), 'param': 'm'}
cd.set_attr(kA_char1=kA_char1,
kA_char2=kA_char2,
pr2=0.9998,
design=['pr2'],
offdesign=['zeta2', 'kA_char'])
# %% connection parametrization
# condenser system
c_in_cd.set_attr(fluid={'water': 0, 'NH3': 1}, p=60)
rp_cd.set_attr(T=60, fluid={'water': 1, 'NH3': 0}, p=10)
self.cd_cons.set_attr(T=105)
cd_va.set_attr(p=Ref(c_in_cd, 1, -0.01), Td_bp=-5, design=['Td_bp'])
# evaporator system cold side
pu_ev.set_attr(m=Ref(va_dr, 10, 0), p0=5)
dr_su.set_attr(p0=5, T=5)
su_cp1.set_attr(p=Ref(dr_su, 1, -0.05), Td_bp=5, design=['Td_bp', 'p'])
# evaporator system hot side
self.amb_in_su.set_attr(m=20, T=12, p=1, fluid={'water': 1, 'NH3': 0})
su_ev.set_attr(p=Ref(self.amb_in_su, 1, -0.001), design=['p'])
ev_amb_out.set_attr()
# compressor-system
cp1_he.set_attr(p=15)
he_cp2.set_attr(T=40, p=Ref(cp1_he, 1, -0.01), design=['T', 'p'])
ic_in_he.set_attr(p=1, T=20, m=5, fluid={'water': 1, 'NH3': 0})
he_ic_out.set_attr(p=Ref(ic_in_he, 1, -0.002), design=['p'])
def test_model(self):
"""
Test the operating points of the heat pump against a different model.
By now, not all characteristic functions of the original model are
available in detail, thus perfect matching is not possible!
"""
self.nw.solve('design')
self.nw.save('tmp')
self.nw.print_results()
# input values from ebsilon
T = [105, 100, 90, 80]
m_source = np.array([[23, 22, 20, 18, 16], [27, 24, 20, 16, 12],
[31, 25, 20, 15, 10], [33, 26, 20, 15, 10]])
COP = np.array([[2.436, 2.414, 2.368, 2.338, 2.287],
[2.591, 2.523, 2.448, 2.355, 2.216],
[2.777, 2.635, 2.557, 2.442, 2.243],
[2.866, 2.711, 2.629, 2.528, 2.351]])
i = 0
for T in T:
j = 0
self.cd_cons.set_attr(T=T)
for m in m_source[i]:
self.amb_in_su.set_attr(m=m)
if j == 0:
self.nw.solve('offdesign',
design_path='tmp',
init_path='tmp')
else:
self.nw.solve('offdesign', design_path='tmp')
# relative deviation should not exceed 6.5 %
# this should be much less, unfortunately not all ebsilon
# characteristics are available, thus it is
# difficult/impossible to match the models perfectly!
d_rel_COP = abs(self.heat.P.val / self.power.P.val -
COP[i, j]) / COP[i, j]
msg = ('The deviation in COP should be less than 0.065, is ' +
str(d_rel_COP) + ' at mass flow ' + str(m) +
' and temperature ' + str(T) + '.')
assert d_rel_COP < 0.065, msg
j += 1
i += 1
shutil.rmtree('./tmp', ignore_errors=True)
class TestNetworkErrors:
def setup(self):
self.nw = Network(['water'])
def test_add_conns_TypeError(self):
with raises(TypeError):
self.nw.add_conns(Component('test'))
def test_no_connections_error(self):
with raises(TESPyNetworkError):
self.nw.solve('design')
def test_bad_fluids_in_fluid_vector(self):
source1 = Source('source1')
sink1 = Sink('sink1')
a = Connection(source1, 'out1', sink1, 'in1', fluid={'air': 1})
self.nw.add_conns(a)
with raises(TESPyNetworkError):
self.nw.solve('design')
def test_duplicate_Connection_labels(self):
source1 = Source('source1')
source2 = Source('source2')
sink1 = Sink('sink1')
sink2 = Sink('sink2')
a = Connection(source1, 'out1', sink1, 'in1', label='myconn')
b = Connection(source2, 'out1', sink2, 'in1', label='myconn')
with raises(ValueError):
self.nw.add_conns(a, b)
def test_Connection_error_source(self):
source = Source('source')
sink1 = Sink('sink1')
sink2 = Sink('sink2')
a = Connection(source, 'out1', sink1, 'in1')
b = Connection(source, 'out1', sink2, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(a, b)
with raises(TESPyNetworkError):
self.nw.check_network()
def test_Connection_error_target(self):
source1 = Source('source1')
source2 = Source('source2')
sink = Sink('sink')
a = Connection(source1, 'out1', sink, 'in1')
b = Connection(source2, 'out1', sink, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(a, b)
with raises(TESPyNetworkError):
self.nw.check_network()
def test_consistency_inlets(self):
merge = Merge('merge')
sink = Sink('label')
a = Connection(merge, 'out1', sink, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(a)
with raises(TESPyNetworkError):
self.nw.check_network()
def test_consistency_outlets(self):
source = Source('source')
splitter = Splitter('splitter')
a = Connection(source, 'out1', splitter, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(a)
with raises(TESPyNetworkError):
self.nw.check_network()
def test_component_label_duplicates(self):
source = Source('label')
sink = Sink('label')
a = Connection(source, 'out1', sink, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(a)
with raises(TESPyNetworkError):
self.nw.check_network()
def test_missing_offdesign_path(self):
source = Source('source')
sink = Sink('sink')
a = Connection(source, 'out1', sink, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(a)
with raises(TESPyNetworkError):
self.nw.solve('offdesign')
def test_bad_mode_specification(self):
source = Source('source')
sink = Sink('sink')
a = Connection(source, 'out1', sink, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(a)
with raises(ValueError):
self.nw.solve('ofdesign')
def test_underdetermination(self):
source = Source('source')
sink = Sink('sink')
a = Connection(source, 'out1', sink, 'in1', m=1)
self.nw.add_conns(a)
with raises(TESPyNetworkError):
self.nw.solve('design')
def test_overdetermination(self):
source = Source('source')
sink = Sink('sink')
a = Connection(source, 'out1', sink, 'in1', m=1, p=1e5, x=1, h=1e6,
fluid={'water': 1}, fluid_balance=True)
self.nw.add_conns(a)
with raises(TESPyNetworkError):
self.nw.solve('design')
def test_add_Bus_TypeError(self):
source = Source('label')
sink = Sink('label')
a = Connection(source, 'out1', sink, 'in1')
with raises(TypeError):
self.nw.add_busses(a)
def test_Bus_duplicate(self):
with raises(TESPyNetworkError):
b = Bus('mybus')
self.nw.add_busses(b, b)
def test_buslabel_duplicate(self):
with raises(TESPyNetworkError):
a = Bus('mybus')
b = Bus('mybus')
self.nw.add_busses(a, b)
class TestOrcEvaporator:
def setup(self):
self.nw = Network(['water', 'Isopentane'],
T_unit='C',
p_unit='bar',
h_unit='kJ / kg')
self.inl1 = Source('inlet 1')
self.outl1 = Sink('outlet 1')
self.inl2 = Source('inlet 2')
self.outl2 = Sink('outlet 2')
self.inl3 = Source('inlet 3')
self.outl3 = Sink('outlet 3')
self.instance = ORCEvaporator('orc evaporator')
self.c1 = Connection(self.inl1, 'out1', self.instance, 'in1')
self.c2 = Connection(self.instance, 'out1', self.outl1, 'in1')
self.c3 = Connection(self.inl2, 'out1', self.instance, 'in2')
self.c4 = Connection(self.instance, 'out2', self.outl2, 'in1')
self.c5 = Connection(self.inl3, 'out1', self.instance, 'in3')
self.c6 = Connection(self.instance, 'out3', self.outl3, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(self.c1, self.c2, self.c3, self.c4, self.c5, self.c6)
def test_ORCEvaporator(self):
"""Test component properties of orc evaporator."""
# design specification
self.instance.set_attr(pr1=0.95,
pr2=0.975,
pr3=0.975,
design=['pr1', 'pr2', 'pr3'],
offdesign=['zeta1', 'zeta2', 'zeta3'])
self.c1.set_attr(T=146.6,
p=4.34,
m=20.4,
state='g',
fluid={
'water': 1,
'Isopentane': 0
})
self.c3.set_attr(T=146.6, p=10.2, fluid={'water': 1, 'Isopentane': 0})
self.c4.set_attr(T=118.6)
self.c5.set_attr(T=111.6, p=10.8, fluid={'water': 0, 'Isopentane': 1})
# test heat transfer
Q = -6.64e+07
self.instance.set_attr(Q=Q)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
Q_is = -self.c5.m.val_SI * (self.c6.h.val_SI - self.c5.h.val_SI)
msg = ('Value of heat flow must be ' + str(round(Q, 0)) + ', is ' +
str(round(Q_is, 0)) + '.')
assert round(Q, 0) == round(Q_is, 0), msg
# test bus
self.instance.set_attr(Q=np.nan)
P = -6.64e+07
b = Bus('heat transfer', P=P)
b.add_comps({'comp': self.instance})
self.nw.add_busses(b)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
self.nw.save('tmp')
Q_is = -self.c5.m.val_SI * (self.c6.h.val_SI - self.c5.h.val_SI)
msg = ('Value of heat flow must be ' + str(round(P, 0)) + ', is ' +
str(round(Q_is, 0)) + '.')
assert round(P, 0) == round(Q_is, 0), msg
# Check the state of the steam and working fluid outlet:
x_outl1_calc = self.c2.x.val
x_outl3_calc = self.c6.x.val
zeta1 = self.instance.zeta1.val
zeta2 = self.instance.zeta2.val
zeta3 = self.instance.zeta3.val
msg = ('Vapor mass fraction of steam outlet must be 0.0, is ' +
str(round(x_outl1_calc, 1)) + '.')
assert round(x_outl1_calc, 1) == 0.0, msg
msg = ('Vapor mass fraction of working fluid outlet must be 1.0, is ' +
str(round(x_outl3_calc, 1)) + '.')
assert round(x_outl3_calc, 1) == 1.0, msg
# Check offdesign by zeta values
# geometry independent friction coefficient
self.nw.solve('offdesign', design_path='tmp')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Geometry independent friction coefficient '
'at hot side 1 (steam) '
'must be ' + str(round(zeta1, 1)) + ', is ' +
str(round(self.instance.zeta1.val, 1)) + '.')
assert round(self.instance.zeta1.val, 1) == round(zeta1, 1), msg
msg = ('Geometry independent friction coefficient at '
'hot side 2 (brine) '
'must be ' + str(round(zeta2, 1)) + ', is ' +
str(round(self.instance.zeta2.val, 1)) + '.')
assert round(self.instance.zeta2.val, 1) == round(zeta2, 1), msg
msg = ('Geometry independent friction coefficient at cold side '
'(Isopentane) must be ' + str(round(zeta3, 1)) + ', is ' +
str(round(self.instance.zeta3.val, 1)) + '.')
assert round(self.instance.zeta3.val, 1) == round(zeta3, 1), msg
# test parameters of 'subcooling' and 'overheating'
self.instance.set_attr(subcooling=True, overheating=True)
dT = 0.5
self.c2.set_attr(Td_bp=-dT)
self.c6.set_attr(Td_bp=dT)
self.nw.solve('offdesign', design_path='tmp')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
T_steam = T_bp_p(self.c2.get_flow()) - dT
T_isop = T_bp_p(self.c6.get_flow()) + dT
msg = ('Temperature of working fluid outlet must be ' +
str(round(T_isop, 1)) + ', is ' +
str(round(self.c6.T.val_SI, 1)) + '.')
assert round(T_isop, 1) == round(self.c6.T.val_SI, 1), msg
msg = ('Temperature of steam outlet must be ' +
str(round(T_steam, 1)) + ', is ' +
str(round(self.c2.T.val_SI, 1)) + '.')
assert round(T_steam, 1) == round(self.c2.T.val_SI, 1), msg
shutil.rmtree('./tmp', ignore_errors=True)
class TestBusses:
def setup(self):
"""Set up the model."""
# %% network setup
fluid_list = ['Ar', 'N2', 'O2', 'CO2', 'CH4', 'H2O']
self.nw = Network(fluids=fluid_list,
p_unit='bar',
T_unit='C',
p_range=[0.5, 20])
# %% components
amb = Source('ambient')
sf = Source('fuel')
cc = CombustionChamber('combustion')
cp = Compressor('compressor')
gt = Turbine('turbine')
fg = Sink('flue gas outlet')
# %% connections
amb_cp = Connection(amb, 'out1', cp, 'in1', label='ambient air flow')
cp_cc = Connection(cp, 'out1', cc, 'in1')
sf_cc = Connection(sf, 'out1', cc, 'in2')
cc_gt = Connection(cc, 'out1', gt, 'in1')
gt_fg = Connection(gt, 'out1', fg, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(amb_cp, cp_cc, sf_cc, cc_gt, gt_fg)
# %% component parameters
cc.set_attr(lamb=3)
cp.set_attr(eta_s=0.9, pr=15)
gt.set_attr(eta_s=0.9)
# %% connection parameters
amb_cp.set_attr(T=20,
p=1,
m=100,
fluid={
'Ar': 0.0129,
'N2': 0.7553,
'H2O': 0,
'CH4': 0,
'CO2': 0.0004,
'O2': 0.2314
})
sf_cc.set_attr(T=20,
fluid={
'CO2': 0.04,
'Ar': 0,
'N2': 0,
'O2': 0,
'H2O': 0,
'CH4': 0.96
})
gt_fg.set_attr(p=1)
# motor efficiency
x = np.array([
0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25, 0.3, 0.35, 0.4, 0.45, 0.5, 0.55,
0.6, 0.65, 0.7, 0.75, 0.8, 0.85, 0.9, 0.95, 1, 1.05, 1.1, 1.15,
1.2, 10
])
y = np.array([
0.01, 0.3148, 0.5346, 0.6843, 0.7835, 0.8477, 0.8885, 0.9145,
0.9318, 0.9443, 0.9546, 0.9638, 0.9724, 0.9806, 0.9878, 0.9938,
0.9982, 0.999, 0.9995, 0.9999, 1, 0.9977, 0.9947, 0.9909, 0.9853,
0.9644
]) * 0.975
self.motor_bus_based = CharLine(x=x, y=y)
self.motor_comp_based = CharLine(x=x, y=1 / y)
# generator efficiency
x = np.array([
0.100, 0.345, 0.359, 0.383, 0.410, 0.432, 0.451, 0.504, 0.541,
0.600, 0.684, 0.805, 1.000, 1.700, 10
])
y = np.array([
0.976, 0.989, 0.990, 0.991, 0.992, 0.993, 0.994, 0.995, 0.996,
0.997, 0.998, 0.999, 1.000, 0.999, 0.99
]) * 0.975
self.generator = CharLine(x=x, y=y)
power_bus_total = Bus('total power output')
power_bus_total.add_comps(
{
'comp': cp,
'char': self.motor_bus_based,
'base': 'bus'
}, {
'comp': gt,
'char': self.generator
})
thermal_input = Bus('thermal input')
thermal_input.add_comps({'comp': cc})
compressor_power_comp = Bus('compressor power input')
compressor_power_comp.add_comps({
'comp': cp,
'char': self.motor_comp_based
})
compressor_power_bus = Bus('compressor power input bus based')
compressor_power_bus.add_comps({
'comp': cp,
'char': self.motor_bus_based,
'base': 'bus'
})
self.nw.add_busses(power_bus_total, thermal_input,
compressor_power_comp, compressor_power_bus)
# %% solving
self.nw.solve('design')
self.nw.save('tmp')
def test_model(self):
"""Test the bus functionalities in a gas turbine model."""
tpo = self.nw.busses['total power output']
ti = self.nw.busses['thermal input']
cpi = self.nw.busses['compressor power input']
cpibb = self.nw.busses['compressor power input bus based']
cp = self.nw.components['compressor']
gt = self.nw.components['turbine']
cc = self.nw.components['combustion']
# test results of design case
eta_cpi = round(1 / cp.calc_bus_efficiency(cpi), 6)
eta_cp_tpo = round(cp.calc_bus_efficiency(tpo), 6)
msg = ('The efficiency value of the compressor on the bus ' +
tpo.label + ' (' + str(eta_cp_tpo) +
') must be identical to the efficiency '
'on the bus ' + cpi.label + ' (' + str(eta_cpi) + ').')
assert eta_cp_tpo == eta_cpi, msg
P_cp_tpo = cp.calc_bus_value(tpo)
eta_cp_tpo = cp.calc_bus_efficiency(tpo)
P_cp = round(P_cp_tpo * eta_cp_tpo, 0)
msg = ('The compressor power must be ' + str(round(cp.P.val, 0)) +
' on '
'the bus ' + tpo.label + ' but is ' + str(P_cp) + ').')
assert round(cp.P.val, 0) == P_cp, msg
P_cp_tpo = round(
cp.calc_bus_value(tpo) * cp.calc_bus_efficiency(tpo), 0)
P_cp_cpi = round(
cp.calc_bus_value(cpi) / cp.calc_bus_efficiency(cpi), 0)
P_cp_cpibb = round(
cp.calc_bus_value(cpibb) * cp.calc_bus_efficiency(cpibb), 0)
msg = (
'The busses\' component power value for the compressor on bus ' +
tpo.label + ' (' + str(P_cp_tpo) + ') must be equal to the '
'component power on all other busses. Bus ' + cpi.label + ' (' +
str(P_cp_cpi) + ') and bus ' + cpibb.label + ' (' +
str(P_cp_cpibb) + ').')
assert P_cp_tpo == P_cp_cpi and P_cp_tpo == P_cp_cpibb, msg
eta_gt_tpo = gt.calc_bus_efficiency(tpo)
msg = ('The efficiency value of the turbine on the bus ' + tpo.label +
' (' + str(eta_gt_tpo) + ') must be equal to 0.975.')
assert eta_gt_tpo == 0.975, msg
eta_ti = cc.calc_bus_efficiency(ti)
msg = ('The efficiency value of the combustion chamber on the bus ' +
ti.label + ' (' + str(eta_ti) + ') must be equal to 1.0.')
assert eta_ti == 1.0, msg
# test partload for bus functions
# first test in identical conditions
self.nw.connections['ambient air flow'].set_attr(m=None)
P_design = cpibb.P.val
cpibb.set_attr(P=P_design)
self.nw.solve('offdesign', design_path='tmp')
eta_cpi = round(1 / cp.calc_bus_efficiency(cpi), 6)
eta_cp_tpo = round(cp.calc_bus_efficiency(tpo), 6)
msg = ('The efficiency value of the compressor on the bus ' +
tpo.label + ' (' + str(eta_cp_tpo) +
') must be identical to the efficiency '
'on the bus ' + cpi.label + ' (' + str(eta_cpi) + ').')
assert eta_cp_tpo == eta_cpi, msg
eta_gt_tpo = gt.calc_bus_efficiency(tpo)
msg = ('The efficiency value of the turbine on the bus ' + tpo.label +
' (' + str(eta_gt_tpo) + ') must be equal to 0.975.')
assert eta_gt_tpo == 0.975, msg
P_cp_tpo = round(
cp.calc_bus_value(tpo) * cp.calc_bus_efficiency(tpo), 0)
P_cp_cpi = round(
cp.calc_bus_value(cpi) / cp.calc_bus_efficiency(cpi), 0)
P_cp_cpibb = round(
cp.calc_bus_value(cpibb) * cp.calc_bus_efficiency(cpibb), 0)
msg = (
'The busses\' component power value for the compressor on bus ' +
tpo.label + ' (' + str(P_cp_tpo) + ') must be equal to the '
'component power on all other busses. Bus ' + cpi.label + ' (' +
str(P_cp_cpi) + ') and bus ' + cpibb.label + ' (' +
str(P_cp_cpibb) + ').')
assert P_cp_tpo == P_cp_cpi and P_cp_tpo == P_cp_cpibb, msg
# 60 % load
load = 0.6
cpibb.set_attr(P=P_design * load)
self.nw.solve('offdesign', design_path='tmp')
eta_cp_tpo = round(cp.calc_bus_efficiency(tpo), 6)
eta_cp_char = self.motor_bus_based.evaluate(load)
msg = ('The efficiency value of the compressor on the bus ' +
tpo.label + ' (' + str(eta_cp_tpo) +
') must be identical to the efficiency '
'on the characteristic line (' + str(eta_cp_char) + ').')
assert eta_cp_tpo == eta_cp_char, msg
load_frac = round(
cp.calc_bus_value(tpo) / tpo.comps.loc[cp, 'P_ref'], 6)
msg = ('The load fraction value of the compressor on the bus ' +
tpo.label + ' (' + str(load_frac) +
') must be identical to the '
'load fraction value on the bus ' + cpibb.label + ' (' +
str(load) + ').')
assert load == load_frac, msg
eta_cpi = round(1 / cp.calc_bus_efficiency(cpi), 6)
eta_cp_tpo = round(cp.calc_bus_efficiency(tpo), 6)
msg = ('The efficiency value of the compressor on the bus ' +
tpo.label + ' (' + str(eta_cp_tpo) +
') must be higher than the efficiency '
'on the bus ' + cpi.label + ' (' + str(eta_cpi) + ').')
assert eta_cp_tpo > eta_cpi, msg
P_cp_tpo = round(
cp.calc_bus_value(tpo) * cp.calc_bus_efficiency(tpo), 0)
P_cp_cpi = round(
cp.calc_bus_value(cpi) / cp.calc_bus_efficiency(cpi), 0)
P_cp_cpibb = round(
cp.calc_bus_value(cpibb) * cp.calc_bus_efficiency(cpibb), 0)
msg = (
'The busses\' component power value for the compressor on bus ' +
tpo.label + ' (' + str(P_cp_tpo) + ') must be equal to the '
'component power on all other busses. Bus ' + cpi.label + ' (' +
str(P_cp_cpi) + ') and bus ' + cpibb.label + ' (' +
str(P_cp_cpibb) + ').')
assert P_cp_tpo == P_cp_cpi and P_cp_tpo == P_cp_cpibb, msg
shutil.rmtree('tmp', ignore_errors=True)
he_hs = Connection(he, 'out1', hsin, 'in1')
nw.add_conns(tes_he, he_tes, hs_he, he_hs)
# %% busses
heat = Bus('heat system')
heat_sto = Bus('heat storage')
# needs these busses, even if they are empty
power = Bus('power')
ti = Bus('ti')
heat.add_comps({'comp': he, 'char': -1})
heat_sto.add_comps({'comp': he, 'char': -1})
nw.add_busses(heat, heat_sto, power, ti)
# %% parameters
he.set_attr(pr1=0.98, pr2=0.98, design=['pr1', 'pr2'],
offdesign=['zeta1', 'zeta2', 'kA_char'])
# %% Schnittstellenparameter
hs_he.set_attr(T=90, p=10, fluid={'water': 1})
he_hs.set_attr(T=60, design=['T'])
tes_he.set_attr(T=40, p=10, fluid={'water': 1})
he_tes.set_attr(T=75)
heat.set_attr(P=1000e3)
heat_design = heat.P.val
class TestCombustion:
def setup(self):
self.nw = Network(['H2O', 'N2', 'O2', 'Ar', 'CO2', 'CH4'],
T_unit='C',
p_unit='bar',
v_unit='m3 / s')
self.fuel = Source('fuel')
self.air = Source('ambient air')
self.fg = Sink('flue gas')
def setup_CombustionChamber_network(self, instance):
self.c1 = Connection(self.air, 'out1', instance, 'in1')
self.c2 = Connection(self.fuel, 'out1', instance, 'in2')
self.c3 = Connection(instance, 'out1', self.fg, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(self.c1, self.c2, self.c3)
def setup_CombustionEngine_network(self, instance):
self.cw1_in = Source('cooling water 1 source')
self.cw2_in = Source('cooling water 2 source')
self.cw1_out = Sink('cooling water 1 sink')
self.cw2_out = Sink('cooling water 2 sink')
self.c1 = Connection(self.air, 'out1', instance, 'in3')
self.c2 = Connection(self.fuel, 'out1', instance, 'in4')
self.c3 = Connection(instance, 'out3', self.fg, 'in1')
self.c4 = Connection(self.cw1_in, 'out1', instance, 'in1')
self.c5 = Connection(self.cw2_in, 'out1', instance, 'in2')
self.c6 = Connection(instance, 'out1', self.cw1_out, 'in1')
self.c7 = Connection(instance, 'out2', self.cw2_out, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(self.c1, self.c2, self.c3, self.c4, self.c5, self.c6,
self.c7)
def test_CombustionChamber(self):
"""
Test component properties of combustion chamber.
"""
instance = CombustionChamber('combustion chamber')
self.setup_CombustionChamber_network(instance)
# connection parameter specification
air = {
'N2': 0.7556,
'O2': 0.2315,
'Ar': 0.0129,
'H2O': 0,
'CO2': 0,
'CH4': 0
}
fuel = {'N2': 0, 'O2': 0, 'Ar': 0, 'H2O': 0, 'CO2': 0.04, 'CH4': 0.96}
self.c1.set_attr(fluid=air, p=1, T=30)
self.c2.set_attr(fluid=fuel, T=30)
self.c3.set_attr(T=1200)
# test specified bus value on CombustionChamber (must be equal to ti)
b = Bus('thermal input', P=1e6)
b.add_comps({'comp': instance})
self.nw.add_busses(b)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of thermal input must be ' + str(b.P.val) + ', is ' +
str(instance.ti.val) + '.')
assert round(b.P.val, 1) == round(instance.ti.val, 1), msg
b.set_attr(P=np.nan)
# test specified thermal input for CombustionChamber
instance.set_attr(ti=1e6)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
ti = (self.c2.m.val_SI * self.c2.fluid.val['CH4'] *
instance.fuels['CH4']['LHV'])
msg = ('Value of thermal input must be ' + str(instance.ti.val) +
', is ' + str(ti) + '.')
assert round(ti, 1) == round(instance.ti.val, 1), msg
# test specified lamb for CombustionChamber
self.c3.set_attr(T=np.nan)
instance.set_attr(lamb=1)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of oxygen in flue gas must be 0.0, is ' +
str(round(self.c3.fluid.val['O2'], 4)) + '.')
assert 0.0 == round(self.c3.fluid.val['O2'], 4), msg
def test_CombustionEngine(self):
"""Test component properties of combustion engine."""
instance = CombustionEngine('combustion engine')
self.setup_CombustionEngine_network(instance)
air = {
'N2': 0.7556,
'O2': 0.2315,
'Ar': 0.0129,
'H2O': 0,
'CO2': 0,
'CH4': 0
}
fuel = {'N2': 0, 'O2': 0, 'Ar': 0, 'H2O': 0, 'CO2': 0.04, 'CH4': 0.96}
water1 = {'N2': 0, 'O2': 0, 'Ar': 0, 'H2O': 1, 'CO2': 0, 'CH4': 0}
water2 = {'N2': 0, 'O2': 0, 'Ar': 0, 'H2O': 1, 'CO2': 0, 'CH4': 0}
# connection parametrisation
instance.set_attr(pr1=0.99,
pr2=0.99,
lamb=1.0,
design=['pr1', 'pr2'],
offdesign=['zeta1', 'zeta2'])
self.c1.set_attr(p=5, T=30, fluid=air)
self.c2.set_attr(T=30, fluid=fuel)
self.c4.set_attr(p=3, T=60, m=50, fluid=water1)
self.c5.set_attr(p=3, T=80, m=50, fluid=water2)
# create busses
TI = Bus('thermal input')
Q1 = Bus('heat output 1')
Q2 = Bus('heat output 2')
Q = Bus('heat output')
Qloss = Bus('thermal heat loss')
TI.add_comps({'comp': instance, 'param': 'TI'})
Q1.add_comps({'comp': instance, 'param': 'Q1'})
Q2.add_comps({'comp': instance, 'param': 'Q2'})
Q.add_comps({'comp': instance, 'param': 'Q'})
Qloss.add_comps({'comp': instance, 'param': 'Qloss'})
self.nw.add_busses(TI, Q1, Q2, Q, Qloss)
# test specified thermal input bus value
ti = 1e6
TI.set_attr(P=ti)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
self.nw.save('tmp')
# calculate in offdesign mode
self.nw.solve('offdesign', init_path='tmp', design_path='tmp')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of thermal input must be ' + str(TI.P.val) + ', is ' +
str(instance.ti.val) + '.')
assert round(TI.P.val, 1) == round(instance.ti.val, 1), msg
# test specified thermal input in component
TI.set_attr(P=np.nan)
instance.set_attr(ti=ti)
self.nw.solve('offdesign', init_path='tmp', design_path='tmp')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of thermal input must be ' + str(ti) + ', is ' +
str(instance.ti.val) + '.')
assert round(ti, 1) == round(instance.ti.val, 1), msg
instance.set_attr(ti=None)
# test specified heat output 1 bus value
Q1.set_attr(P=instance.Q1.val)
self.nw.solve('offdesign', init_path='tmp', design_path='tmp')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
# heat output is at design point value, thermal input must therefore
# not have changed
msg = ('Value of thermal input must be ' + str(ti) + ', is ' +
str(instance.ti.val) + '.')
assert round(ti, 1) == round(instance.ti.val, 1), msg
# calculate heat output over cooling loop
heat1 = self.c4.m.val_SI * (self.c6.h.val_SI - self.c4.h.val_SI)
msg = ('Value of heat output 1 must be ' + str(-heat1) + ', is ' +
str(instance.Q1.val) + '.')
assert round(heat1, 1) == -round(instance.Q1.val, 1), msg
Q1.set_attr(P=np.nan)
# test specified heat output 2 bus value
Q2.set_attr(P=1.2 * instance.Q2.val)
self.nw.solve('offdesign', init_path='tmp', design_path='tmp')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
# calculate heat output over cooling loop
heat2 = self.c5.m.val_SI * (self.c7.h.val_SI - self.c5.h.val_SI)
msg = ('Value of heat output 2 must be ' + str(-heat2) + ', is ' +
str(instance.Q2.val) + '.')
assert round(heat2, 1) == -round(instance.Q2.val, 1), msg
# test specified heat output 2 in component
Q2.set_attr(P=np.nan)
instance.set_attr(Q2=-heat2)
self.nw.solve('offdesign', init_path='tmp', design_path='tmp')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
heat2 = self.c5.m.val_SI * (self.c7.h.val_SI - self.c5.h.val_SI)
msg = ('Value of heat output 2 must be ' + str(-heat2) + ', is ' +
str(instance.Q2.val) + '.')
assert round(heat2, 1) == -round(instance.Q2.val, 1), msg
# test total heat output bus value
instance.set_attr(Q2=np.nan)
Q.set_attr(P=1.5 * instance.Q1.val)
self.nw.solve('offdesign', init_path='tmp', design_path='tmp')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
heat = (self.c4.m.val_SI * (self.c6.h.val_SI - self.c4.h.val_SI) +
self.c5.m.val_SI * (self.c7.h.val_SI - self.c5.h.val_SI))
msg = ('Value of total heat output must be ' + str(Q.P.val) + ', is ' +
str(-heat) + '.')
assert round(Q.P.val, 1) == -round(heat, 1), msg
# test specified heat loss bus value
Q.set_attr(P=np.nan)
Qloss.set_attr(P=-1e5)
self.nw.solve('offdesign', init_path='tmp', design_path='tmp')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
msg = ('Value of heat loss must be ' + str(Qloss.P.val) + ', is ' +
str(instance.Qloss.val) + '.')
assert round(Qloss.P.val, 1) == round(instance.Qloss.val, 1), msg
shutil.rmtree('./tmp', ignore_errors=True)
x = np.array([0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1, 1.2])
y = np.array([0.5, 0.87, 0.91, 0.94, 0.96, 0.97, 0.96])
char = CharLine(x, y)
# power bus
power_bus = Bus('power')
power_bus.add_comps(
{'comp': turbine_hp, 'char': char, 'base': 'component'},
{'comp': turbine_lp, 'char': char, 'base': 'component'},
{'comp': pump, 'char': char, 'base': 'bus'})
# heating bus
heat_bus = Bus('heat')
heat_bus.add_comps({'comp': cond, 'char': -1})
nw.add_busses(power_bus, heat_bus)
# %% parametrization of components
turbine_hp.set_attr(eta_s=0.9, design=['eta_s'],
offdesign=['eta_s_char', 'cone'])
turbine_lp.set_attr(eta_s=0.9, design=['eta_s'],
offdesign=['eta_s_char', 'cone'])
cond.set_attr(pr1=1, pr2=0.99, ttd_u=12, design=['pr2', 'ttd_u'],
offdesign=['zeta2', 'kA_char'])
preheater.set_attr(pr1=1, pr2=0.99, ttd_u=5,
design=['pr2', 'ttd_u', 'ttd_l'],
offdesign=['zeta2', 'kA_char'])
pump.set_attr(eta_s=0.8, design=['eta_s'], offdesign=['eta_s_char'])
class TestClausiusRankine:
def setup(self):
"""Set up clausis rankine cycle with turbine driven feed water pump."""
self.Tamb = 20
self.pamb = 1
fluids = ['water']
self.nw = Network(fluids=fluids)
self.nw.set_attr(p_unit='bar', T_unit='C', h_unit='kJ / kg')
# create components
splitter1 = Splitter('splitter 1')
merge1 = Merge('merge 1')
turb = Turbine('turbine')
fwp_turb = Turbine('feed water pump turbine')
condenser = HeatExchangerSimple('condenser')
fwp = Pump('pump')
steam_generator = HeatExchangerSimple('steam generator')
cycle_close = CycleCloser('cycle closer')
# create busses
# power output bus
self.power = Bus('power_output')
self.power.add_comps({'comp': turb, 'char': 1})
# turbine driven feed water pump internal bus
self.fwp_power = Bus('feed water pump power', P=0)
self.fwp_power.add_comps({
'comp': fwp_turb,
'char': 1
}, {
'comp': fwp,
'char': 1,
'base': 'bus'
})
# heat input bus
self.heat = Bus('heat_input')
self.heat.add_comps({'comp': steam_generator, 'base': 'bus'})
self.nw.add_busses(self.power, self.fwp_power, self.heat)
# create connections
fs_in = Connection(cycle_close, 'out1', splitter1, 'in1', label='fs')
fs_fwpt = Connection(splitter1, 'out1', fwp_turb, 'in1')
fs_t = Connection(splitter1, 'out2', turb, 'in1')
fwpt_ws = Connection(fwp_turb, 'out1', merge1, 'in1')
t_ws = Connection(turb, 'out1', merge1, 'in2')
ws = Connection(merge1, 'out1', condenser, 'in1')
cond = Connection(condenser, 'out1', fwp, 'in1', label='cond')
fw = Connection(fwp, 'out1', steam_generator, 'in1', label='fw')
fs_out = Connection(steam_generator, 'out1', cycle_close, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(fs_in, fs_fwpt, fs_t, fwpt_ws, t_ws, ws, cond, fw,
fs_out)
# component parameters
turb.set_attr(eta_s=1)
fwp_turb.set_attr(eta_s=1)
condenser.set_attr(pr=1)
fwp.set_attr(eta_s=1)
steam_generator.set_attr(pr=1)
# connection parameters
fs_in.set_attr(m=10, p=120, T=600, fluid={'water': 1})
cond.set_attr(T=self.Tamb, x=0)
# solve network
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
def test_exergy_analysis_perfect_cycle(self):
"""Test exergy analysis in the perfect clausius rankine cycle."""
self.nw.exergy_analysis(self.pamb,
self.Tamb,
E_P=[self.power],
E_F=[self.heat],
internal_busses=[self.fwp_power])
msg = ('Exergy destruction of this network must be 0 (smaller than ' +
str(err**0.5) + ') for this test but is ' +
str(round(abs(self.nw.E_D), 4)) + ' .')
assert abs(self.nw.E_D) <= err**0.5, msg
msg = ('Exergy efficiency of this network must be 1 for this test but '
'is ' + str(round(self.nw.epsilon, 4)) + ' .')
assert round(self.nw.epsilon, 4) == 1, msg
exergy_balance = self.nw.E_F - self.nw.E_P - self.nw.E_L - self.nw.E_D
msg = ('Exergy balance must be closed (residual value smaller than ' +
str(err**0.5) + ') for this test but is ' +
str(round(abs(exergy_balance), 4)) + ' .')
assert abs(exergy_balance) <= err**0.5, msg
msg = (
'Fuel exergy and product exergy must be identical for this test. '
'Fuel exergy value: ' + str(round(self.nw.E_F, 4)) +
'. Product exergy value: ' + str(round(self.nw.E_P, 4)) + '.')
assert round(abs(self.nw.E_F - self.nw.E_P), 4) < err**0.5, msg
def test_entropy_perfect_cycle(self):
"""Test entropy values in the perfect clausius rankine cycle."""
labels = [
'turbine', 'feed water pump turbine', 'condenser',
'steam generator', 'pump'
]
for label in labels:
cp = self.nw.get_comp(label)
msg = (
'Entropy production due to irreversibility must be 0 for all '
'components in this test but is ' + str(round(cp.S_irr, 4)) +
' at component ' + label + ' of type ' + cp.component() + '.')
assert round(cp.S_irr, 4) == 0, msg
sg = self.nw.get_comp('steam generator')
cd = self.nw.get_comp('condenser')
msg = (
'Value of entropy production due to heat input at steam generator '
'(S_Q=' + str(round(sg.S_Q, 4)) + ') must equal the negative '
'value of entropy reduction in condenser (S_Q=' +
str(round(cd.S_Q, 4)) + ').')
assert round(sg.S_Q, 4) == -round(cd.S_Q, 4), msg
def test_exergy_analysis_violated_balance(self):
"""Test exergy analysis with violated balance."""
# specify efficiency values for the internal bus
self.nw.del_busses(self.fwp_power)
self.fwp_power = Bus('feed water pump power', P=0)
self.fwp_power.add_comps(
{
'comp': self.nw.get_comp('feed water pump turbine'),
'char': 0.99
}, {
'comp': self.nw.get_comp('pump'),
'char': 0.98,
'base': 'bus'
})
self.nw.add_busses(self.fwp_power)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
# miss out on internal bus in exergy_analysis
self.nw.exergy_analysis(self.pamb,
self.Tamb,
E_P=[self.power],
E_F=[self.heat])
exergy_balance = self.nw.E_F - self.nw.E_P - self.nw.E_L - self.nw.E_D
msg = ('Exergy balance must be violated for this test (larger than ' +
str(err**0.5) + ') but is ' +
str(round(abs(exergy_balance), 4)) + ' .')
assert abs(exergy_balance) > err**0.5, msg
def test_exergy_analysis_bus_conversion(self):
"""Test exergy analysis bus conversion factors."""
# specify efficiency values for the internal bus
self.nw.del_busses(self.fwp_power)
self.fwp_power = Bus('feed water pump power', P=0)
self.fwp_power.add_comps(
{
'comp': self.nw.get_comp('feed water pump turbine'),
'char': 0.99
}, {
'comp': self.nw.get_comp('pump'),
'char': 0.98,
'base': 'bus'
})
self.nw.add_busses(self.fwp_power)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
# no exergy losses in this case
self.nw.exergy_analysis(self.pamb,
self.Tamb,
E_P=[self.power],
E_F=[self.heat],
internal_busses=[self.fwp_power])
label = 'pump on bus feed water pump power'
eps = self.nw.component_exergy_data.loc[label, 'epsilon']
msg = ('Pump exergy efficiency must be 0.98 but is ' +
str(round(eps, 4)) + ' .')
assert round(eps, 4) == 0.98, msg
label = 'feed water pump turbine on bus feed water pump power'
eps = self.nw.component_exergy_data.loc[label, 'epsilon']
eps = self.nw.component_exergy_data.loc[label, 'epsilon']
msg = (
'Feed water pump turbine exergy efficiency must be 0.99 but is ' +
str(round(eps, 4)) + ' .')
assert round(eps, 4) == 0.99, msg
def test_exergy_analysis_missing_E_F_E_P_information(self):
"""Test exergy analysis errors with missing information."""
with raises(TESPyNetworkError):
self.nw.exergy_analysis(self.pamb,
self.Tamb,
E_P=[self.power],
E_F=[])
with raises(TESPyNetworkError):
self.nw.exergy_analysis(self.pamb,
self.Tamb,
E_P=[],
E_F=[self.heat])
def test_exergy_analysis_component_on_two_busses(self):
"""Test exergy analysis errors with components on more than one bus."""
with raises(TESPyNetworkError):
self.nw.exergy_analysis(self.pamb,
self.Tamb,
E_P=[self.power],
E_F=[self.heat, self.power])
class TestRefrigerator:
def setup(self):
"""Set up simple refrigerator."""
self.Tamb = 20
self.pamb = 1
fluids = ['R134a']
self.nw = Network(fluids=fluids)
self.nw.set_attr(p_unit='bar', T_unit='C', h_unit='kJ / kg')
# create components
va = Valve('expansion valve')
cp = Compressor('compressor')
cond = HeatExchangerSimple('condenser')
eva = HeatExchangerSimple('evaporator')
cc = CycleCloser('cycle closer')
# create busses
# power output bus
self.power = Bus('power input')
self.power.add_comps({'comp': cp, 'char': 1, 'base': 'bus'})
# cooling bus
self.cool = Bus('heat from fridge')
self.cool.add_comps({'comp': eva})
# heat input bus
self.heat = Bus('heat to ambient')
self.heat.add_comps({'comp': cond})
self.nw.add_busses(self.power, self.cool, self.heat)
# create connections
cc_cp = Connection(cc, 'out1', cp, 'in1', label='from eva')
cp_cond = Connection(cp, 'out1', cond, 'in1', label='to cond')
cond_va = Connection(cond, 'out1', va, 'in1', label='from cond')
va_eva = Connection(va, 'out1', eva, 'in1', label='to eva')
eva_cc = Connection(eva, 'out1', cc, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(cc_cp, cp_cond, cond_va, va_eva, eva_cc)
# component parameters
cp.set_attr(eta_s=0.9)
cond.set_attr(pr=0.97)
eva.set_attr(pr=0.96)
# connection parameters
cc_cp.set_attr(m=1, x=1, T=-25, fluid={'R134a': 1})
cond_va.set_attr(x=0, T=self.Tamb + 1)
# solve network
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
def test_exergy_analysis_bus_conversion(self):
"""Test exergy analysis at product exergy with T < Tamb."""
# no exergy losses in this case
ean = ExergyAnalysis(self.nw, E_P=[self.cool], E_F=[self.power])
ean.analyse(pamb=self.pamb, Tamb=self.Tamb)
exergy_balance = (ean.network_data.E_F - ean.network_data.E_P -
ean.network_data.E_L - ean.network_data.E_D)
msg = ('Exergy balance must be closed (residual value smaller than ' +
str(err**0.5) + ') for this test but is ' +
str(round(abs(exergy_balance), 4)) + ' .')
assert abs(exergy_balance) <= err**0.5, msg
'base': 'bus'
})
gt_power = Bus('gas turbine power output')
gt_power.add_comps({'comp': g_turb}, {'comp': comp})
heat_out = Bus('heat output')
heat_out.add_comps({'comp': cond_dh})
heat_cond = Bus('heat cond')
heat_cond.add_comps({'comp': cond})
heat_in = Bus('heat input')
heat_in.add_comps({'comp': c_c})
nw.add_busses(power, gt_power, heat_out, heat_cond, heat_in)
# %% component parameters
# characteristic line for compressor isentropic efficiency
x = np.array([0.000, 0.400, 1.000, 1.600, 2.000])
y = np.array([0.500, 0.900, 1.000, 1.050, 0.9500])
cp_char1 = dict(char_func=CharLine(x, y), param='m')
cp_char2 = dict(char_func=CharLine(x, y), param='m')
# characteristic line for turbine isentropic efficiency
x = np.array([
0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4,
1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5
])
y = np.array([
class TestClausiusRankine:
def setup(self):
"""Set up clausis rankine cycle with turbine driven feed water pump."""
self.Tamb = 20
self.pamb = 1
fluids = ['water']
self.nw = Network(fluids=fluids)
self.nw.set_attr(p_unit='bar', T_unit='C', h_unit='kJ / kg')
# create components
splitter1 = Splitter('splitter 1')
merge1 = Merge('merge 1')
turb = Turbine('turbine')
fwp_turb = Turbine('feed water pump turbine')
condenser = HeatExchangerSimple('condenser')
fwp = Pump('pump')
steam_generator = HeatExchangerSimple('steam generator')
cycle_close = CycleCloser('cycle closer')
# create busses
# power output bus
self.power = Bus('power_output')
self.power.add_comps({'comp': turb, 'char': 1})
# turbine driven feed water pump internal bus
self.fwp_power = Bus('feed water pump power', P=0)
self.fwp_power.add_comps({
'comp': fwp_turb,
'char': 1
}, {
'comp': fwp,
'char': 1,
'base': 'bus'
})
# heat input bus
self.heat = Bus('heat_input')
self.heat.add_comps({'comp': steam_generator, 'base': 'bus'})
self.nw.add_busses(self.power, self.fwp_power, self.heat)
# create connections
fs_in = Connection(cycle_close, 'out1', splitter1, 'in1', label='fs')
fs_fwpt = Connection(splitter1, 'out1', fwp_turb, 'in1')
fs_t = Connection(splitter1, 'out2', turb, 'in1')
fwpt_ws = Connection(fwp_turb, 'out1', merge1, 'in1')
t_ws = Connection(turb, 'out1', merge1, 'in2')
ws = Connection(merge1, 'out1', condenser, 'in1')
cond = Connection(condenser, 'out1', fwp, 'in1', label='cond')
fw = Connection(fwp, 'out1', steam_generator, 'in1', label='fw')
fs_out = Connection(steam_generator, 'out1', cycle_close, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(fs_in, fs_fwpt, fs_t, fwpt_ws, t_ws, ws, cond, fw,
fs_out)
# component parameters
turb.set_attr(eta_s=1)
fwp_turb.set_attr(eta_s=1)
condenser.set_attr(pr=1)
fwp.set_attr(eta_s=1)
steam_generator.set_attr(pr=1)
# connection parameters
fs_in.set_attr(m=10, p=120, T=600, fluid={'water': 1})
cond.set_attr(T=self.Tamb, x=0)
# solve network
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
def test_exergy_analysis_perfect_cycle(self):
"""Test exergy analysis in the perfect clausius rankine cycle."""
ean = ExergyAnalysis(self.nw,
E_P=[self.power],
E_F=[self.heat],
internal_busses=[self.fwp_power])
ean.analyse(pamb=self.pamb, Tamb=self.Tamb)
msg = ('Exergy destruction of this network must be 0 (smaller than ' +
str(err**0.5) + ') for this test but is ' +
str(round(abs(ean.network_data.E_D), 4)) + ' .')
assert abs(ean.network_data.E_D) <= err**0.5, msg
msg = ('Exergy efficiency of this network must be 1 for this test but '
'is ' + str(round(ean.network_data.epsilon, 4)) + ' .')
assert round(ean.network_data.epsilon, 4) == 1, msg
exergy_balance = (ean.network_data.E_F - ean.network_data.E_P -
ean.network_data.E_L - ean.network_data.E_D)
msg = ('Exergy balance must be closed (residual value smaller than ' +
str(err**0.5) + ') for this test but is ' +
str(round(abs(exergy_balance), 4)) + ' .')
assert abs(exergy_balance) <= err**0.5, msg
msg = (
'Fuel exergy and product exergy must be identical for this test. '
'Fuel exergy value: ' + str(round(ean.network_data.E_F, 4)) +
'. Product exergy value: ' + str(round(ean.network_data.E_P, 4)) +
'.')
delta = round(abs(ean.network_data.E_F - ean.network_data.E_P), 4)
assert delta < err**0.5, msg
def test_exergy_analysis_plotting_data(self):
"""Test exergy analysis plotting."""
self.nw.get_comp('steam generator').set_attr(pr=0.9)
self.nw.get_comp('turbine').set_attr(eta_s=0.9)
self.nw.get_comp('feed water pump turbine').set_attr(eta_s=0.85)
self.nw.get_comp('pump').set_attr(eta_s=0.75)
self.nw.get_conn('cond').set_attr(T=self.Tamb + 3)
# specify efficiency values for the internal bus and power bus
self.nw.del_busses(self.fwp_power, self.power)
self.fwp_power = Bus('feed water pump power', P=0)
self.fwp_power.add_comps(
{
'comp': self.nw.get_comp('feed water pump turbine'),
'char': 0.99
}, {
'comp': self.nw.get_comp('pump'),
'char': 0.98,
'base': 'bus'
})
self.power = Bus('power_output')
self.power.add_comps({
'comp': self.nw.get_comp('turbine'),
'char': 0.98
})
self.nw.add_busses(self.fwp_power, self.power)
# solve network
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
ean = ExergyAnalysis(self.nw,
E_P=[self.power],
E_F=[self.heat],
internal_busses=[self.fwp_power])
ean.analyse(pamb=self.pamb, Tamb=self.Tamb)
exergy_balance = (ean.network_data.E_F - ean.network_data.E_P -
ean.network_data.E_L - ean.network_data.E_D)
msg = ('Exergy balance must be closed (residual value smaller than ' +
str(err**0.5) + ') for this test but is ' +
str(round(abs(exergy_balance), 4)) + ' .')
assert abs(exergy_balance) <= err**0.5, msg
nodes = [
'E_F', 'steam generator', 'splitter 1', 'feed water pump turbine',
'turbine', 'merge 1', 'condenser', 'pump', 'E_D', 'E_P'
]
links, nodes = ean.generate_plotly_sankey_input(node_order=nodes)
# checksum for targets and source
checksum = sum(links['target'] + links['source'])
msg = ('The checksum of all target and source values in the link lists'
'must be 148, but is ' + str(checksum) + '.')
assert 148 == checksum, msg
def test_exergy_analysis_violated_balance(self):
"""Test exergy analysis with violated balance."""
# specify efficiency values for the internal bus
self.nw.del_busses(self.fwp_power)
self.fwp_power = Bus('feed water pump power', P=0)
self.fwp_power.add_comps(
{
'comp': self.nw.get_comp('feed water pump turbine'),
'char': 0.99
}, {
'comp': self.nw.get_comp('pump'),
'char': 0.98,
'base': 'bus'
})
self.nw.add_busses(self.fwp_power)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
# miss out on internal bus in exergy_analysis
ean = ExergyAnalysis(self.nw, E_P=[self.power], E_F=[self.heat])
ean.analyse(pamb=self.pamb, Tamb=self.Tamb)
exergy_balance = (ean.network_data.E_F - ean.network_data.E_P -
ean.network_data.E_L - ean.network_data.E_D)
msg = ('Exergy balance must be violated for this test (larger than ' +
str(err**0.5) + ') but is ' +
str(round(abs(exergy_balance), 4)) + ' .')
assert abs(exergy_balance) > err**0.5, msg
def test_exergy_analysis_bus_conversion(self):
"""Test exergy analysis bus conversion factors."""
# specify efficiency values for the internal bus
self.nw.del_busses(self.fwp_power)
self.fwp_power = Bus('feed water pump power', P=0)
self.fwp_power.add_comps(
{
'comp': self.nw.get_comp('feed water pump turbine'),
'char': 0.99
}, {
'comp': self.nw.get_comp('pump'),
'char': 0.98,
'base': 'bus'
})
self.nw.add_busses(self.fwp_power)
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
# no exergy losses in this case
ean = ExergyAnalysis(self.nw,
E_P=[self.power],
E_F=[self.heat],
internal_busses=[self.fwp_power])
ean.analyse(pamb=self.pamb, Tamb=self.Tamb)
label = 'pump'
eps = ean.bus_data.loc[label, 'epsilon']
msg = ('Pump exergy efficiency must be 0.98 but is ' +
str(round(eps, 4)) + ' .')
assert round(eps, 4) == 0.98, msg
label = 'feed water pump turbine'
eps = ean.bus_data.loc[label, 'epsilon']
msg = (
'Feed water pump turbine exergy efficiency must be 0.99 but is ' +
str(round(eps, 4)) + ' .')
assert round(eps, 4) == 0.99, msg
def test_exergy_analysis_missing_E_F_E_P_information(self):
"""Test exergy analysis errors with missing information."""
with raises(TESPyNetworkError):
ExergyAnalysis(self.nw, E_P=[self.power], E_F=[])
with raises(TESPyNetworkError):
ExergyAnalysis(self.nw, E_P=[], E_F=[self.heat])
def test_exergy_analysis_component_on_two_busses(self):
"""Test exergy analysis errors with components on more than one bus."""
with raises(TESPyNetworkError):
ean = ExergyAnalysis(self.nw,
E_P=[self.power],
E_F=[self.heat, self.power])
ean.analyse(pamb=self.pamb, Tamb=self.Tamb)
class TestClausiusRankine:
def setup(self):
"""Set up clausis rankine cycle with turbine driven feed water pump."""
self.Tamb = 20
self.pamb = 1
fluids = ['water']
self.nw = Network(fluids=fluids)
self.nw.set_attr(p_unit='bar', T_unit='C', h_unit='kJ / kg')
# create components
splitter1 = Splitter('splitter 1')
merge1 = Merge('merge 1')
turb = Turbine('turbine')
fwp_turb = Turbine('feed water pump turbine')
condenser = HeatExchangerSimple('condenser')
fwp = Pump('pump')
steam_generator = HeatExchangerSimple('steam generator')
cycle_close = CycleCloser('cycle closer')
# create busses
# power output bus
self.power = Bus('power_output')
self.power.add_comps({'comp': turb, 'char': 1})
# turbine driven feed water pump internal bus
self.fwp_power = Bus('feed water pump power', P=0)
self.fwp_power.add_comps({
'comp': fwp_turb,
'char': 1
}, {
'comp': fwp,
'char': 1,
'base': 'bus'
})
# heat input bus
self.heat = Bus('heat_input')
self.heat.add_comps({'comp': steam_generator, 'base': 'bus'})
self.nw.add_busses(self.power, self.fwp_power, self.heat)
# create connections
fs_in = Connection(cycle_close, 'out1', splitter1, 'in1', label='fs')
fs_fwpt = Connection(splitter1, 'out1', fwp_turb, 'in1')
fs_t = Connection(splitter1, 'out2', turb, 'in1')
fwpt_ws = Connection(fwp_turb, 'out1', merge1, 'in1')
t_ws = Connection(turb, 'out1', merge1, 'in2')
ws = Connection(merge1, 'out1', condenser, 'in1')
cond = Connection(condenser, 'out1', fwp, 'in1', label='cond')
fw = Connection(fwp, 'out1', steam_generator, 'in1', label='fw')
fs_out = Connection(steam_generator, 'out1', cycle_close, 'in1')
self.nw.add_conns(fs_in, fs_fwpt, fs_t, fwpt_ws, t_ws, ws, cond, fw,
fs_out)
# component parameters
turb.set_attr(eta_s=1)
fwp_turb.set_attr(eta_s=1)
condenser.set_attr(pr=1)
fwp.set_attr(eta_s=1)
steam_generator.set_attr(pr=1)
# connection parameters
fs_in.set_attr(m=10, p=120, T=600, fluid={'water': 1})
cond.set_attr(T=self.Tamb, x=0)
# solve network
self.nw.solve('design')
convergence_check(self.nw.lin_dep)
def test_entropy_perfect_cycle(self):
"""Test entropy values in the perfect clausius rankine cycle."""
labels = [
'turbine', 'feed water pump turbine', 'condenser',
'steam generator', 'pump'
]
for label in labels:
cp = self.nw.get_comp(label)
msg = (
'Entropy production due to irreversibility must be 0 for all '
'components in this test but is ' + str(round(cp.S_irr, 4)) +
' at component ' + label + ' of type ' + cp.component() + '.')
assert round(cp.S_irr, 4) == 0, msg
sg = self.nw.get_comp('steam generator')
cd = self.nw.get_comp('condenser')
msg = (
'Value of entropy production due to heat input at steam generator '
'(S_Q=' + str(round(sg.S_Q, 4)) + ') must equal the negative '
'value of entropy reduction in condenser (S_Q=' +
str(round(cd.S_Q, 4)) + ').')
assert round(sg.S_Q, 4) == -round(cd.S_Q, 4), msg
class PowerPlant():
def __init__(self, working_fluid):
"""Set up model."""
self.working_fluid = working_fluid
fluids = ['water', self.working_fluid, 'air']
self.nw = Network(fluids=fluids)
self.nw.set_attr(p_unit='bar', T_unit='C', h_unit='kJ / kg')
# geo parameters
self.geo_mass_flow = 200
geo_steam_share = 0.1
self.T_brine_in = 140
# ambient parameters
self.T_amb = 5
self.p_amb = 0.6
# main components
geo_steam = Source('geosteam source')
geo_brine = Source('geobrine source')
geo_reinjection = Sink('re-injection')
air_in = Source('air source')
air_out = Sink('air sink')
air_fan = Compressor('air fan')
air_cond = Condenser('condenser')
orc_cc = CycleCloser('orc cycle closer')
evap_splitter = Splitter('splitter evaporation')
evap_merge = Merge('merge evaporation')
evap_steam = Condenser('geosteam evaporator')
evap_brine = HeatExchanger('geobrine evaporator')
dr = Drum('drum')
geo_merge = Merge('merge brine')
pre = HeatExchanger('preheater')
feed_working_fluid_pump = Pump('feed pump')
tur = Turbine('turbine')
ihe = HeatExchanger('internal heat exchanger')
# busses
net_power = Bus('net power output')
net_power.add_comps(
{'comp': tur, 'char': 0.97},
{'comp': feed_working_fluid_pump, 'char': 0.97, 'base': 'bus'},
{'comp': air_fan, 'char': 0.97, 'base': 'bus'}
)
ORC_power_bus = Bus('cycle gross power output')
ORC_power_bus.add_comps(
{'comp': tur}, {'comp': feed_working_fluid_pump}
)
geothermal_bus = Bus('thermal input')
geothermal_bus.add_comps(
{'comp': pre, 'char': -1}, {'comp': evap_brine, 'char': -1},
{'comp': evap_steam, 'char': -1}
)
self.nw.add_busses(net_power, ORC_power_bus, geothermal_bus)
# turbine to condenser
c1 = Connection(orc_cc, 'out1', tur, 'in1', label='1')
c2 = Connection(tur, 'out1', ihe, 'in1', label='2')
c3 = Connection(ihe, 'out1', air_cond, 'in1', label='3')
self.nw.add_conns(c1, c2, c3)
# condenser to steam generator
c4 = Connection(air_cond, 'out1', feed_working_fluid_pump, 'in1', label='4')
c5 = Connection(feed_working_fluid_pump, 'out1', ihe, 'in2', label='5')
self.nw.add_conns(c4, c5)
# steam generator
c6 = Connection(ihe, 'out2', pre, 'in2', label='6')
c7 = Connection(pre, 'out2', dr, 'in1', label='7')
c8 = Connection(dr, 'out1', evap_splitter, 'in1', label='8')
c9 = Connection(evap_splitter, 'out2', evap_steam, 'in2', label='9')
c10 = Connection(evap_steam, 'out2', evap_merge, 'in2', label='10')
c11 = Connection(evap_splitter, 'out1', evap_brine, 'in2', label='11')
c12 = Connection(evap_brine, 'out2', evap_merge, 'in1', label='12')
c13 = Connection(evap_merge, 'out1', dr, 'in2', label='13')
c0 = Connection(dr, 'out2', orc_cc, 'in1', label='0')
self.nw.add_conns(c6, c7, c8, c11, c9, c12, c10, c13, c0)
# condenser cold side
c20 = Connection(air_in, 'out1', air_fan, 'in1', label='20')
c21 = Connection(air_fan, 'out1', air_cond, 'in2', label='21')
c22 = Connection(air_cond, 'out2', air_out, 'in1', label='22')
self.nw.add_conns(c20, c21, c22)
# geo source
c30 = Connection(geo_steam, 'out1', evap_steam, 'in1', label='30')
c31 = Connection(evap_steam, 'out1', geo_merge, 'in1', label='31')
c32 = Connection(geo_brine, 'out1', geo_merge, 'in2', label='32')
c33 = Connection(geo_merge, 'out1', evap_brine, 'in1', label='33')
self.nw.add_conns(c30, c31, c32, c33)
c34 = Connection(evap_brine, 'out1', pre, 'in1', label='34')
c35 = Connection(pre, 'out1', geo_reinjection, 'in1', label='35')
self.nw.add_conns(c34, c35)
# generate a set of stable starting values of every working fluid
# fluid settings
c6.set_attr(fluid={self.working_fluid: 1.0, 'air': 0.0, 'water': 0.0})
c20.set_attr(fluid={self.working_fluid: 0.0, 'air': 1.0, 'water': 0.0})
c30.set_attr(fluid={self.working_fluid: 0.0, 'air': 0.0, 'water': 1.0})
c32.set_attr(fluid={self.working_fluid: 0.0, 'air': 0.0, 'water': 1.0})
# connection parameters
p0 = PSI('P', 'T', self.T_brine_in + 273.15, 'Q', 1, self.working_fluid)
c1.set_attr(p0=p0 / 1e5)
ws_stable_h0 = (
PSI('H', 'T', self.T_amb + 273.15, 'Q', 1, self.working_fluid) +
0.5 * (
PSI('H', 'T', self.T_brine_in + 273.15, 'Q', 1, self.working_fluid) -
PSI('H', 'T', self.T_amb + 273.15, 'Q', 1, self.working_fluid)
)
) / 1e3
c2.set_attr(h=ws_stable_h0)
p0 = PSI('P', 'T', self.T_amb + 273.15, 'Q', 1, self.working_fluid)
c3.set_attr(Td_bp=5, design=['Td_bp'], p0=p0 / 1e5)
c5.set_attr(h=Ref(c4, 1, 1))
# steam generator
c30.set_attr(
m=self.geo_mass_flow * geo_steam_share,
T=self.T_brine_in, x=1, p0=5)
c32.set_attr(
m=self.geo_mass_flow * (1 - geo_steam_share),
T=self.T_brine_in, x=0)
c13.set_attr()
c12.set_attr(x=0.5)
c10.set_attr(x=0.5, design=['x'])
c34.set_attr(h=Ref(c33, 1, -50))
c7.set_attr(Td_bp=-2)
# main condenser
c20.set_attr(p=self.p_amb, T=self.T_amb)
c22.set_attr(T=self.T_amb + 15, p=self.p_amb)
# component parameters
# condensing
ihe.set_attr(pr1=0.98, pr2=0.98)
air_cond.set_attr(pr1=1, pr2=0.995, ttd_u=10)
air_fan.set_attr(eta_s=0.6)
# steam generator
evap_brine.set_attr(pr1=0.98, ttd_l=8)
pre.set_attr(pr1=0.98, pr2=0.98)
self.nw.set_attr(iterinfo=False)
self.nw.solve('design')
self.nw.save('stable_' + self.working_fluid)
# specify actual parameters
tur.set_attr(eta_s=0.9)
feed_working_fluid_pump.set_attr(eta_s=0.75)
c2.set_attr(h=None)
c5.set_attr(h=None)
c34.set_attr(h=None, T=Ref(c33, 1, -10))
self.nw.solve('design')
c22.set_attr(T=None)
c3.set_attr(Td_bp=None)
self.ude_IHE_size = UserDefinedEquation(
label='ihe deshuperheat ratio',
func=desuperheat, deriv=desuperheat_deriv,
latex={
'equation':
r'0 = h_3 - h_2 - x_\mathrm{IHE} \cdot \left(h_3 -'
r'h\left(p_2, T_5 + \Delta T_\mathrm{t,u,min} \right)'
r'\right)'},
conns=[
self.nw.get_conn('2'),
self.nw.get_conn('3'),
self.nw.get_conn('5')],
params={'distance': 0.0, 'ttd_min': 2}
)
if self.nw.lin_dep or self.nw.res[-1] > 1e-3:
msg = 'No stable solution found.'
raise TESPyNetworkError(msg)
print(
'Generated stable starting values for working fluid ' +
self.working_fluid + '.')
def run_simulation(
self, p_before_tur=None, Q_ihe=None, Q_brine_ev=None,
T_before_tur=None, T_reinjection=None, brine_evap_Td=None,
dT_air=None, IHE_sizing=None, geo_steam_share=None):
"""Run simulation on specified parameter set."""
self.nw.get_comp('internal heat exchanger').set_attr(Q=Q_ihe)
self.nw.get_conn('1').set_attr(p=p_before_tur, T=T_before_tur)
self.nw.get_conn('35').set_attr(T=T_reinjection)
self.nw.get_comp('geobrine evaporator').set_attr(Q=Q_brine_ev)
if geo_steam_share is not None:
self.nw.get_conn('30').set_attr(
m=self.geo_mass_flow * geo_steam_share)
self.nw.get_conn('32').set_attr(
m=self.geo_mass_flow * (1 - geo_steam_share))
if brine_evap_Td is not None:
self.nw.get_conn('34').set_attr(
T=Ref(self.nw.get_conn('33'), 1, brine_evap_Td))
else:
self.nw.get_conn('34').set_attr(T=None)
if dT_air is not None:
self.nw.get_conn('22').set_attr(T=Ref(self.nw.get_conn('21'), 1, dT_air))
else:
self.nw.get_conn('22').set_attr(T=None)
if IHE_sizing is None:
if self.ude_IHE_size in self.nw.user_defined_eq.values():
self.nw.del_ude(self.ude_IHE_size)
self.nw.get_comp('internal heat exchanger').set_attr(pr1=0.98, pr2=0.98)
else:
if self.ude_IHE_size not in self.nw.user_defined_eq.values():
self.nw.add_ude(self.ude_IHE_size)
self.ude_IHE_size.params['distance'] = IHE_sizing
if IHE_sizing == 0:
self.nw.get_comp('internal heat exchanger').set_attr(pr1=1, pr2=1)
else:
self.nw.get_comp('internal heat exchanger').set_attr(pr1=0.98, pr2=0.98)
try:
self.nw.solve('design')
# self.nw.print_results()
except ValueError:
self.nw.res = [1]
pass
def check_simulation(self, value):
"""Check if simulation converged."""
if self.nw.lin_dep or self.nw.res[-1] > 1e-3:
self.nw.solve(
'design', init_path='stable_' + self.working_fluid,
init_only=True)
return np.nan
else:
for cp in self.nw.comps['object']:
if isinstance(cp, HeatExchanger):
if cp.Q.val > 0:
print(cp.label)
return np.nan
elif cp.kA.val <= 0 or (np.isnan(cp.kA.val) and cp.Q.val != 0):
print(cp.label)
return np.nan
return value
def get_power(self):
"""Calculate ORC gross power (main cycle only)."""
return self.check_simulation(self.nw.busses['cycle gross power output'].P.val)
def get_net_power(self):
"""Calculate net power."""
return self.check_simulation(self.nw.busses['net power output'].P.val)
def get_thermal_efficiency(self):
"""Calculate thermal efficiency."""
return self.check_simulation(
-self.nw.busses['cycle gross power output'].P.val /
self.nw.busses['thermal input'].P.val)
def get_net_efficiency(self):
"""Calculate net efficiency."""
return self.check_simulation(
-self.nw.busses['net power output'].P.val /
self.nw.busses['thermal input'].P.val)
def get_geosteam_share(self):
"""Return a geosteam share."""
return self.check_simulation(
self.nw.get_conn('geosteam').m.val_SI / self.geo_mass_flow)
def get_connection_param(self, conn, param):
"""Return a connection parameter."""
return self.check_simulation(
self.nw.get_conn(conn).get_attr(param).val)
def get_component_param(self, comp, param):
"""Return a component parameter."""
return self.check_simulation(
self.nw.get_comp(comp).get_attr(param).val)
def get_misc_param(self, param):
"""Get non component or connection parameters."""
if param == 'gross power output':
return self.get_power()
elif param == 'net power output':
return self.get_net_power()
elif param == 'thermal efficiency':
return self.get_thermal_efficiency()
elif param == 'net efficiency':
return self.get_net_efficiency()
elif param == 'IHE sizing factor':
return self.ude_IHE_size.params['distance']
def get_objective_func(self, objective):
"""Return corresponding objective function."""
if objective == 'net power output':
return self.get_net_power
elif objective == 'gross power output':
return self.get_power
else:
msg = (
'Please specify valid objective function: "net power output" '
'or "gross power output".')
raise ValueError(msg)
'char': mot1
}, {
'comp': pu,
'char': mot2
}, {
'comp': dhp,
'char': mot3
}, {
'comp': erp,
'char': mot4
})
heat = Bus('total delivered heat')
heat.add_comps({'comp': cd})
nw.add_busses(power, heat)
# %% component parametrization
# condenser system
cd.set_attr(pr1=0.99,
pr2=0.99,
ttd_u=5,
design=['pr2', 'ttd_u'],
offdesign=['zeta2', 'kA'])
dhp.set_attr(eta_s=0.8, design=['eta_s'], offdesign=['eta_s_char'])
cons.set_attr(pr=0.99, design=['pr'], offdesign=['zeta'])
# low temp water system
'comp': cp,
'char': mot,
'base': 'bus'
}, {
'comp': pump_ev,
'char': mot,
'base': 'bus'
})
heat = Bus('heat system')
heat.add_comps({'comp': cd, 'char': -1})
heat_storage = Bus('heat storage')
heat_storage.add_comps({'comp': ev, 'char': -1}, {'comp': su, 'char': -1})
ti = Bus('ti')
nw.add_busses(power, heat, ti, heat_storage)
# %% characteristics
# %% component parametrization
# consumer system
cd.set_attr(pr1=0.99,
pr2=0.99,
ttd_u=5,
subcooling=True,
design=['pr2', 'ttd_u'],
offdesign=['zeta2', 'kA_char'])
# evaporator system
nw.add_conns(cw_in, cw_out)
# %% busses
# characteristic function for generator efficiency
x = np.array([0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1, 1.2])
y = np.array([0, 0.86, 0.9, 0.93, 0.95, 0.96, 0.95])
char = CharLine(x=x, y=y)
# motor of pump has a constant efficiency
power = Bus('total output power')
power.add_comps(
{'comp': turb, 'char': char},
{'comp': pu, 'char': char, 'base': 'bus'})
nw.add_busses(power)
# %% parametrization of components
turb.set_attr(eta_s=0.9, design=['eta_s'], offdesign=['eta_s_char', 'cone'])
con.set_attr(pr1=1, pr2=0.98, ttd_u=5, design=['pr2', 'ttd_u'],
offdesign=['zeta2', 'kA_char'])
pu.set_attr(eta_s=0.8, design=['eta_s'], offdesign=['eta_s_char'])
steam_generator.set_attr(pr=0.95)
# %% parametrization of connections
# offdesign calculation: use parameter design for auto deactivation
# turbine inlet pressure is deriven by stodolas law, outlet pressure by
# characteristic of condenser
fs_in.set_attr(p=100, T=500, fluid={'water': 1}, design=['p'])
'base': 'bus'
}, {
'comp': hsp,
'char': char,
'base': 'bus'
})
# consumer heat bus
heat_cons = Bus('heating system')
heat_cons.add_comps({'comp': hs_ret, 'base': 'bus'}, {'comp': hs_feed})
# geothermal heat bus
heat_geo = Bus('geothermal heat')
heat_geo.add_comps({'comp': gh_in, 'base': 'bus'}, {'comp': gh_out})
nw.add_busses(power, heat_cons, heat_geo)
# %% key parameter
cd.set_attr(Q=-4e3)
# %% design calculation
path = 'R410A'
nw.solve('design')
# alternatively use:
# nw.solve('design', init_path=path)
print("\n##### DESIGN CALCULATION #####\n")
nw.print_results()
nw.save(path)
# %% busses
#
heat_losses = Bus('network losses')
heat_consumer = Bus('network consumer')
nw.check_network()
for comp in nw.comps.index:
if isinstance(comp, Pipe):
comp.set_attr(Tamb=0)
heat_losses.add_comps({'comp': comp})
if (isinstance(comp, HeatExchangerSimple) and not isinstance(comp, Pipe)):
heat_consumer.add_comps({'comp': comp})
nw.add_busses(heat_losses, heat_consumer)
# %% solve
# design case: 0 °C ambient temperature
nw.solve('design')
nw.save('grid')
document_model(nw)
# no documentation of offedesign state added, as report creation takes
# quite long with all characteristics applied, try it out yourself :)
print('Heat demand consumer:', heat_consumer.P.val)
print('network losses at 0 °C outside temperature (design):',
heat_losses.P.val)
# offdesign case: 10 °C ambient temperature
}, {
'comp': turb,
'char': char
}, {
'comp': pu,
'char': char,
'base': 'bus'
})
heat_out = Bus('heat output')
heat_out.add_comps({'comp': cond}, {'comp': dh_whr})
heat_in = Bus('heat input')
heat_in.add_comps({'comp': c_c})
nw.add_busses(power, heat_out, heat_in)
# %% component parameters
# gas turbine
comp.set_attr(pr=14,
eta_s=0.91,
design=['pr', 'eta_s'],
offdesign=['eta_s_char'])
g_turb.set_attr(eta_s=0.88, design=['eta_s'], offdesign=['eta_s_char', 'cone'])
# steam turbine
suph.set_attr(pr1=0.99,
pr2=0.834,
design=['pr1', 'pr2'],
offdesign=['zeta1', 'zeta2', 'kA_char'])
eco.set_attr(pr1=0.99,
'comp': ice,
'param': 'P',
'char': gen1
})
ice_power = Bus('ice_power')
ice_power.add_comps({'comp': ice, 'param': 'P', 'char': gen2})
heat = Bus('heat')
heat.add_comps({'comp': ice, 'param': 'Q'}, {'comp': fgc})
heat_cond = Bus('heat_cond')
ti = Bus('ti')
ti.add_comps({'comp': ice, 'param': 'TI'})
nw.add_busses(power, heat, ti, ice_power, heat_cond)
# %% component parameters
# pump isentropic efficiency char_line
x = np.array([
0.0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4,
1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5
])
y = np.array([
0.7, 0.7667, 0.8229, 0.8698, 0.9081, 0.9387, 0.9623, 0.9796, 0.9913,
0.9979, 1.0, 0.9981, 0.9926, 0.9839, 0.9725, 0.9586, 0.9426, 0.9248,
0.9055, 0.8848, 0.8631, 0.8405, 0.8171, 0.7932, 0.7689, 0.7444
])
eta_s_char = dict(char_func=CharLine(x, y), param='m')
pump.set_attr(eta_s=0.8,
