def test_batch_normalization_test():
for axes in ('per-activation', 'spatial', (1, 2, 3, 4)):
for vartype in (T.tensor5, T.tensor4, T.tensor3, T.matrix, T.vector):
x, scale, bias, mean, var = (vartype(n)
for n in ('x', 'scale', 'bias', 'mean', 'var'))
ndim = x.ndim
eps = 5e-3 # some non-standard value to test if it's used
# remove non-existing axes
if isinstance(axes, tuple):
axes = tuple(i for i in axes if i < ndim)
if len(axes) == 0:
continue
# forward pass
out = bn.batch_normalization_test(x, scale, bias, mean,
var, axes, eps)
# reference forward pass
if axes == 'per-activation':
axes2 = (0,)
elif axes == 'spatial':
axes2 = (0,) + tuple(range(2, ndim))
else:
axes2 = axes
scale2, bias2, mean2, var2 = (T.addbroadcast(t, *axes2)
for t in (scale, bias, mean, var))
out2 = (x - mean2) * (scale2 / T.sqrt(var2 + eps)) + bias2
# backward pass
dy = vartype('dy')
grads = T.grad(None, wrt=[x, scale, bias, mean, var], known_grads={out: dy})
# reference backward pass
grads2 = T.grad(None, wrt=[x, scale, bias, mean, var], known_grads={out2: dy})
# compile
f = theano.function([x, scale, bias, mean, var, dy],
[out, out2] + grads + grads2)
# check if the abstract Ops have been replaced
assert not any([isinstance(n.op, (bn.AbstractBatchNormTrain,
bn.AbstractBatchNormInference,
bn.AbstractBatchNormTrainGrad))
for n in f.maker.fgraph.toposort()])
# run
for data_shape in ((10, 20, 30, 40, 10), (4, 3, 1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 5, 5, 5)):
data_shape = data_shape[:ndim]
param_shape = tuple(1 if d in axes2 else s
for d, s in enumerate(data_shape))
X = 4 + 3 * numpy.random.randn(*data_shape).astype(theano.config.floatX)
Dy = -1 + 2 * numpy.random.randn(*data_shape).astype(theano.config.floatX)
Scale = numpy.random.randn(*param_shape).astype(theano.config.floatX)
Bias = numpy.random.randn(*param_shape).astype(theano.config.floatX)
Mean = numpy.random.randn(*param_shape).astype(theano.config.floatX)
Var = numpy.random.rand(*param_shape).astype(theano.config.floatX)
outputs = f(X, Scale, Bias, Mean, Var, Dy)
# compare outputs
utt.assert_allclose(outputs[0], outputs[1]) # out
# compare gradients
utt.assert_allclose(outputs[2], outputs[2 + 5], atol=4e-5) # dx
utt.assert_allclose(outputs[3], outputs[3 + 5], atol=4e-5) # dscale
utt.assert_allclose(outputs[4], outputs[4 + 5]) # dbias
utt.assert_allclose(outputs[5], outputs[5 + 5]) # dmean
utt.assert_allclose(outputs[6], outputs[6 + 5], rtol=2e-3, atol=4e-5) # dvar
def batch_norm(input_,
gamma,
beta,
running_mean,
running_var,
is_training,
axes='per-activation'):
if is_training:
# returns:
# batch-normalized output
# batch mean
# batch variance
# running mean (for later use as population mean estimate)
# running var (for later use as population var estimate)
out, _, _, running_mean, running_var = batch_normalization_train(
input_,
gamma,
beta,
running_mean=running_mean,
running_var=running_var,
axes=axes,
running_average_factor=0.9,
)
else:
out = batch_normalization_test(
input_,
gamma,
beta,
running_mean,
running_var,
axes=axes,
)
return out, running_mean, running_var
def test_batch_normalization_test():
for axes in ('per-activation', 'spatial', (1, 2, 3, 4)):
for vartype in (T.tensor5, T.tensor4, T.tensor3, T.matrix, T.vector):
x, scale, bias, mean, var = (vartype(n)
for n in ('x', 'scale', 'bias', 'mean', 'var'))
ndim = x.ndim
eps = 5e-3 # some non-standard value to test if it's used
# remove non-existing axes
if isinstance(axes, tuple):
axes = tuple(i for i in axes if i < ndim)
if len(axes) == 0:
continue
# forward pass
out = bn.batch_normalization_test(x, scale, bias, mean,
var, axes, eps)
# reference forward pass
if axes == 'per-activation':
axes2 = (0,)
elif axes == 'spatial':
axes2 = (0,) + tuple(range(2, ndim))
else:
axes2 = axes
scale2, bias2, mean2, var2 = (T.addbroadcast(t, *axes2)
for t in (scale, bias, mean, var))
out2 = (x - mean2) * (scale2 / T.sqrt(var2 + eps)) + bias2
# backward pass
dy = vartype('dy')
grads = T.grad(None, wrt=[x, scale, bias, mean, var], known_grads={out: dy})
# reference backward pass
grads2 = T.grad(None, wrt=[x, scale, bias, mean, var], known_grads={out2: dy})
# compile
f = theano.function([x, scale, bias, mean, var, dy],
[out, out2] + grads + grads2)
# check if the abstract Ops have been replaced
assert not any([isinstance(n.op, (bn.AbstractBatchNormTrain,
bn.AbstractBatchNormInference,
bn.AbstractBatchNormTrainGrad))
for n in f.maker.fgraph.toposort()])
# run
for data_shape in ((10, 20, 30, 40, 10), (4, 3, 1, 1, 1), (1, 1, 5, 5, 5)):
data_shape = data_shape[:ndim]
param_shape = tuple(1 if d in axes2 else s
for d, s in enumerate(data_shape))
X = 4 + 3 * numpy.random.randn(*data_shape).astype(theano.config.floatX)
Dy = -1 + 2 * numpy.random.randn(*data_shape).astype(theano.config.floatX)
Scale = numpy.random.randn(*param_shape).astype(theano.config.floatX)
Bias = numpy.random.randn(*param_shape).astype(theano.config.floatX)
Mean = numpy.random.randn(*param_shape).astype(theano.config.floatX)
Var = numpy.random.rand(*param_shape).astype(theano.config.floatX)
outputs = f(X, Scale, Bias, Mean, Var, Dy)
# compare outputs
utt.assert_allclose(outputs[0], outputs[1]) # out
# compare gradients
utt.assert_allclose(outputs[2], outputs[2 + 5], atol=4e-5) # dx
utt.assert_allclose(outputs[3], outputs[3 + 5], atol=4e-5) # dscale
utt.assert_allclose(outputs[4], outputs[4 + 5]) # dbias
utt.assert_allclose(outputs[5], outputs[5 + 5]) # dmean
utt.assert_allclose(outputs[6], outputs[6 + 5], rtol=2e-3, atol=4e-5) # dvar
def batchNorm(x, train, gamma, beta, RM, RV, ax):
values_train, _, _, newRM, newRV = batch_normalization_train(
x, gamma, beta, axes=ax, running_mean=RM, running_var=RV)
values = ifelse(T.neq(train, 1),
batch_normalization_test(x, gamma, beta, RM, RV, axes=ax),
values_train)
return values, newRM, newRV
def forward(self, X, is_traning):
activation = X.dot(self.W)
if is_traning:
out, batch_mean, batch_invstd, new_running_mean, new_running_var = batch_normalization_train(
activation,
self.gamma,
self.beta,
running_mean=self.running_mean,
running_var=self.running_var)
self.running_update = [
(self.running_mean, new_running_mean),
(self.running_var, new_running_var),
]
# how it updates exactly
# batch_var = 1 / (batch_invstd * batch_invstd)
# self.running_update = [
# (self.running_mean, 0.9*self.running_mean + 0.1*batch_mean),
# (self.running_var, 0.9*self.running_var + 0.1*batch_var),
# ]
else:
out = batch_normalization_test(activation, self.gamma, self.beta,
self.running_mean, self.running_var)
return self.f(out)
def forward(self, X, is_training):
activation = X.dot(self.W)
if is_training:
out, b_mean, b_invstd, new_mean, new_var = batch_normalization_train(
activation,
self.gamma,
self.beta,
running_mean =self.running_mean,
running_var= self.running_var
)
# write the updates rules of mean and var in the layer to access them outside
self.running_update = [
(self.running_mean, new_mean),
(self.running_var, new_var)
]
else :
out = batch_normalization_test(
activation,
self.gamma,
self.beta,
self.running_mean,
self.running_var
)
if self.af == None:
return out
else:
return self.af(out)
def forward(self, Z, is_training):
a = Z.dot(self.W)
if is_training:
out, batch_mean, batch_invstd, new_rn_mean, new_rn_var = batch_normalization_train(
a,
self.gamma,
self.beta,
running_mean=self.rn_mean,
running_var=self.rn_var)
self.running_update = [(self.rn_mean, new_rn_mean),
(self.rn_var, new_rn_var)]
else:
out = batch_normalization_test(a, self.gamma, self.beta,
self.rn_mean, self.rn_var)
return self.f(out)
def test_batch_normalization_broadcastable():
# check if the broadcastable pattern is preserved by the optimizations
x, dy, scale, bias, mean, var = (T.scalar(n).dimshuffle(['x'] * 5)
for n in ('x', 'dy', 'scale', 'bias', 'mean', 'var'))
# forward pass
out_train, x_mean, x_invstd = bn.batch_normalization_train(x, scale, bias, 'spatial')
out_test = bn.batch_normalization_test(x, scale, bias, mean, var, 'spatial')
# backward pass
grads_train = T.grad(None, wrt=[x, scale, bias], known_grads={out_train: dy})
grads_test = T.grad(None, wrt=[x, scale, bias], known_grads={out_test: dy})
# compile
f = theano.function([x, scale, bias, mean, var, dy],
[out_train, x_mean, x_invstd, out_test] + grads_train + grads_test)
assert not any([isinstance(n.op, (bn.AbstractBatchNormTrain,
bn.AbstractBatchNormInference,
bn.AbstractBatchNormTrainGrad))
for n in f.maker.fgraph.toposort()])
def forward(self, X, is_training):
activation = X.dot(self.W)
if is_training:
# returns:
# batch-normalized output
# batch mean
# batch variance
# running mean (for later use as population mean estimate)
# running var (for later use as population var estimate)
out, batch_mean, batch_invstd, new_running_mean, new_running_var = batch_normalization_train(
activation,
self.gamma,
self.beta,
running_mean=self.running_mean,
running_var=self.running_var,
)
self.running_update = [
(self.running_mean, new_running_mean),
(self.running_var, new_running_var),
]
# if you don't trust the built-in bn function
# batch_var = 1 / (batch_invstd * batch_invstd)
# self.running_update = [
# (self.running_mean, 0.9*self.running_mean + 0.1*batch_mean),
# (self.running_var, 0.9*self.running_var + 0.1*batch_var),
# ]
else:
out = batch_normalization_test(
activation,
self.gamma,
self.beta,
self.running_mean,
self.running_var
)
return self.f(out)
def batch_norm(
input_,
gamma,
beta,
running_mean,
running_var,
is_training,
axes='per-activation'):
if is_training:
# returns:
# batch-normalized output
# batch mean
# batch variance
# running mean (for later use as population mean estimate)
# running var (for later use as population var estimate)
out, _, _, new_running_mean, new_running_var = batch_normalization_train(
input_,
gamma,
beta,
running_mean=running_mean,
running_var=running_var,
axes=axes,
running_average_factor=0.9,
)
else:
new_running_mean = None
new_running_var = None # just to ensure we don't try to use them
out = batch_normalization_test(
input_,
gamma,
beta,
running_mean,
running_var,
axes=axes,
)
return out, new_running_mean, new_running_var
def forward(self, prev_layer, train):
self.drop = self.rng.binomial(size=prev_layer.shape,
p=1 - self.dropout_rate)
prev_layer = prev_layer * self.drop
self.Z = T.dot(prev_layer, self.weights)
if self.batch_norm == True:
if train == True:
self.Z, _, _, self.n_running_mean, self.n_running_variance = batch_normalization_train(
self.Z,
self.gamma,
self.beta,
running_mean=self.running_mean,
running_var=self.running_variance)
self.n_norm_params = [
self.n_running_mean, self.n_running_variance
]
else:
self.Z = batch_normalization_test(self.Z, self.gamma,
self.beta, self.running_mean,
self.running_variance)
else:
self.Z += self.biases
self.n_norm_params = []
if self.activation == 'relu':
self.A = T.nnet.nnet.relu(self.Z)
elif self.activation == 'sigmoid':
self.A = T.nnet.nnet.sigmoid(self.Z)
elif self.activation == 'tanh':
self.A = 2 * T.nnet.nnet.sigmoid(self.Z) - 1
elif self.activation == 'leaky_relu':
self.A = T.nnet.nnet.relu(self.Z, alpha=0.1)
elif self.activation == 'softmax':
self.A = T.nnet.nnet.softmax(self.Z)
else:
raise ValueError('Activation Error')
return self.A
def test_batch_normalization_train_broadcast():
for axes in ('per-activation', 'spatial', (1, 2, 3, 4)):
for vartype in (T.tensor5, T.tensor4, T.tensor3, T.matrix, T.vector):
x = vartype('x')
ndim = x.ndim
eps = 5e-3 # some non-standard value to test if it's used
running_average_factor = 0.3
# remove non-existing axes
if isinstance(axes, tuple):
axes = tuple(i for i in axes if i < ndim)
if len(axes) == 0:
continue
# convert axes to explicit list
if axes == 'per-activation':
axes2 = (0,)
elif axes == 'spatial':
axes2 = (0,) + tuple(range(2, ndim))
else:
axes2 = axes
# compute axes for parameter tensors
non_bc_axes = tuple(i for i in range(ndim) if i not in axes2)
params_dimshuffle = ['x'] * ndim
for i, axis in enumerate(non_bc_axes):
params_dimshuffle[axis] = i
# construct non-broadcasted parameter variables
param_type = T.TensorType(x.dtype, (False,) * len(non_bc_axes))
scale, bias, running_mean, running_var = (param_type(n)
for n in ('scale', 'bias',
'running_mean',
'running_var'))
# broadcast parameter variables
scale_bc = scale.dimshuffle(params_dimshuffle)
bias_bc = bias.dimshuffle(params_dimshuffle)
running_mean_bc = running_mean.dimshuffle(params_dimshuffle)
running_var_bc = running_var.dimshuffle(params_dimshuffle)
# batch_normalization_train with original, non-broadcasted variables
train_non_bc = \
bn.batch_normalization_train(
x, scale, bias, axes, eps,
running_average_factor, running_mean, running_var)
# batch_normalization_train with broadcasted variables
train_bc = \
bn.batch_normalization_train(
x, scale_bc, bias_bc, axes, eps,
running_average_factor, running_mean_bc, running_var_bc)
train_bc = tuple([train_bc[0]] + # out
[r.dimshuffle(non_bc_axes) for r in train_bc[1:]])
# batch_normalization_test with original, non-broadcasted variables
test_non_bc = \
bn.batch_normalization_test(
x, scale, bias, running_mean, running_var, axes, eps)
# batch_normalization_test with broadcasted variables
test_bc = \
bn.batch_normalization_test(
x, scale_bc, bias_bc, running_mean_bc, running_var_bc, axes, eps)
# subtract the results of the non-broadcasted and broadcasted calls
results_non_bc = train_non_bc + (test_non_bc,)
results_bc = train_bc + (test_bc,)
results = [abs(r - r_bc) for (r, r_bc) in zip(results_non_bc, results_bc)]
# compile to compute all differences
f = theano.function([x, scale, bias, running_mean, running_var],
T.sum(sum(results)))
# the paired ops are exactly the same, so the optimizer should have
# collapsed the sum of differences to a constant zero
nodes = f.maker.fgraph.toposort()
if theano.config.mode != "FAST_COMPILE":
assert len(nodes) == 1
assert isinstance(nodes[0].op, theano.compile.DeepCopyOp)
inputs = [numpy.asarray(numpy.random.rand(*((4,) * n)), x.dtype)
for n in [x.ndim, scale.ndim, bias.ndim,
running_mean.ndim, running_var.ndim]]
assert 0.0 == f(*inputs)
def __init__(
self,
input,
nkerns,
input_shape,
id,
filter_shape=(3, 3),
poolsize=(2, 2),
pooltype='max',
batch_norm=False,
border_mode='valid',
stride=(1, 1),
rng=None,
borrow=True,
activation='relu',
input_params=None,
verbose=2,
):
super(conv_pool_layer_2d, self).__init__(id=id,
type='conv_pool',
verbose=verbose)
if verbose >= 3:
print "... Creating conv pool layer"
if rng is None:
rng = numpy.random
# To copy weights previously created or some wierd initializations
if input_params is not None:
init_w = input_params[0]
init_b = input_params[1]
if batch_norm is True:
init_gamma = input_params[2]
init_beta = input_params[3]
init_mean = input_params[4]
init_var = input_params[5]
mini_batch_size = input_shape[0]
channels = input_shape[1]
width = input_shape[3]
height = input_shape[2]
# srng = RandomStreams(rng.randint(1,2147462579))
# Initialize the parameters of this layer.
w_shp = (nkerns, channels, filter_shape[0], filter_shape[1])
if input_params is None:
# fan_in = filter_shape[0]*filter_shape[1]
# fan_out = filter_shape[0]*filter_shape[1] / numpy.prod(poolsize)
# w_bound = numpy.sqrt(6. / (fan_in + fan_out))
self.w = theano.shared(
value=
# numpy.asarray(rng.uniform(low=-w_bound, high=w_bound, size =w_shp),
numpy.asarray(0.01 * rng.standard_normal(size=w_shp),
dtype=theano.config.floatX),
borrow=borrow,
name='filterbank')
self.b = theano.shared(value=numpy.zeros(
(nkerns, ), dtype=theano.config.floatX),
name='bias',
borrow=borrow)
if batch_norm is True:
self.gamma = theano.shared(value=numpy.ones(
(nkerns, ), dtype=theano.config.floatX),
name='gamma',
borrow=borrow)
self.beta = theano.shared(value=numpy.zeros(
(nkerns, ), dtype=theano.config.floatX),
name='beta',
borrow=borrow)
self.running_mean = theano.shared(value=numpy.zeros(
(nkerns, ), dtype=theano.config.floatX),
name='population_mean',
borrow=borrow)
self.running_var = theano.shared(value=numpy.ones(
(nkerns, ), dtype=theano.config.floatX),
name='population_var',
borrow=borrow)
else:
self.w = init_w
self.b = init_b
if batch_norm is True:
self.gamma = init_gamma
self.beta = init_beta
self.running_mean = init_mean
self.running_var = init_var
# Perform the convolution part
convolver = convolver_2d(input=input,
filters=self.w,
subsample=stride,
filter_shape=w_shp,
image_shape=input_shape,
border_mode=border_mode,
verbose=verbose)
conv_out = convolver.out
conv_out_shp = (mini_batch_size, nkerns, convolver.out_shp[0],
convolver.out_shp[1])
self.conv_out = conv_out
if not poolsize == (1, 1):
pooler = pooler_2d(input=conv_out,
img_shp=conv_out_shp,
mode=pooltype,
ds=poolsize,
verbose=verbose)
pool_out = pooler.out
pool_out_shp = pooler.out_shp
else:
pool_out = conv_out
pool_out_shp = conv_out_shp
"""
Ioffe, Sergey, and Christian Szegedy. "Batch normalization: Accelerating deep network
training by reducing internal covariate shift." arXiv preprint arXiv:1502.03167 (2015). """
if batch_norm is True:
batch_norm_out,_,_,mean,var = batch_normalization_train(
inputs = pool_out + \
self.b.dimshuffle('x', 0, 'x', 'x'),
gamma = self.gamma,
beta = self.beta,
axes ='spatial',
running_mean = self.running_mean,
running_var = self.running_var )
mean = theano.tensor.unbroadcast(mean, 0)
var = theano.tensor.unbroadcast(var, 0)
self.updates[self.running_mean] = mean
self.updates[self.running_var] = var + 0.001
batch_norm_inference = batch_normalization_test (
inputs = pool_out + \
self.b.dimshuffle('x', 0, 'x', 'x'),
gamma = self.gamma,
beta = self.beta,
axes = 'spatial',
mean = self.running_mean,
var = self.running_var )
else:
batch_norm_out = pool_out + self.b.dimshuffle('x', 0, 'x', 'x')
batch_norm_inference = batch_norm_out
batch_norm_out_shp = pool_out_shp
self.output, self.output_shape = _activate(
x=batch_norm_out,
activation=activation,
input_size=batch_norm_out_shp,
verbose=verbose,
dimension=2)
self.inference, _ = _activate(x=batch_norm_inference,
activation=activation,
input_size=batch_norm_out_shp,
verbose=verbose,
dimension=2)
# store parameters of this layer and do some book keeping.
self.params = [self.w, self.b]
self.active_params = [self.w, self.b]
if batch_norm is True:
self.params.append(self.gamma)
self.params.append(self.beta)
self.active_params.append(self.gamma)
self.active_params.append(self.beta)
self.params.append(self.running_mean) # inactive params
self.params.append(self.running_var) # inactive params
self.L1 = abs(self.w).sum()
# if batch_norm is True : self.L1 = self.L1 # + abs(self.gamma).sum()
self.L2 = (self.w**2).sum()
# if batch_norm is True: self.L2 = self.L2 # + (self.gamma**2).sum()
# Just doing this for print_layer method to use.
self.nkerns = nkerns
self.filter_shape = filter_shape
self.poolsize = poolsize
self.stride = stride
self.input_shape = input_shape
self.num_neurons = nkerns
self.activation = activation
self.batch_norm = batch_norm
def __init__(
self,
input,
nkerns,
input_shape,
id,
output_shape,
filter_shape=(3, 3),
poolsize=(1, 1),
pooltype='max',
batch_norm=False,
border_mode='valid',
stride=(1, 1),
rng=None,
borrow=True,
activation='relu',
input_params=None,
verbose=2,
):
super(deconv_layer_2d, self).__init__(id=id,
type='deconv',
verbose=verbose)
if verbose >= 3:
print "... Creating deconv layer"
if rng is None:
rng = numpy.random
create_w = False
create_b = False
create_bn = False
# To copy weights previously created or some wierd initializations
if not input_params is None:
if input_params[0] is None:
create_w = True
if input_params[1] is None:
create_b = True
if batch_norm is True:
if input_params[2] is None:
create_bn = True
else:
create_w = True
create_b = True
create_bn = True
mini_batch_size = input_shape[0]
channels = input_shape[1]
width = input_shape[3]
height = input_shape[2]
# srng = RandomStreams(rng.randint(1,2147462579))
# Initialize the parameters of this layer.
w_shp = (nkerns, output_shape[2], filter_shape[0], filter_shape[1])
o_shp = (input_shape[0], output_shape[2], output_shape[0],
output_shape[1])
if create_w is True:
self.w = theano.shared(value=numpy.asarray(
0.01 * rng.standard_normal(size=w_shp),
dtype=theano.config.floatX),
borrow=borrow,
name='filterbank')
else:
self.w = input_params[0]
if create_b is True:
self.b = theano.shared(value=numpy.zeros(
(output_shape[2], ), dtype=theano.config.floatX),
name='bias',
borrow=borrow)
else:
self.b = input_params[1]
if batch_norm is True:
if create_bn is True:
self.gamma = theano.shared(value=numpy.ones(
(output_shape[2], ), dtype=theano.config.floatX),
name='gamma',
borrow=borrow)
self.beta = theano.shared(value=numpy.zeros(
(output_shape[2], ), dtype=theano.config.floatX),
name='beta',
borrow=borrow)
self.running_mean = theano.shared(value=numpy.zeros(
(output_shape[2], ), dtype=theano.config.floatX),
name='population_mean',
borrow=borrow)
self.running_var = theano.shared(value=numpy.ones(
(output_shape[2], ), dtype=theano.config.floatX),
name='population_var',
borrow=borrow)
else:
self.gamma = input_params[2]
self.beta = input_params[3]
self.running_mean = input_params[4]
self.running_var = input_params[5]
# Perform the convolution part
convolver = deconvolver_2d(input=input,
filters=self.w,
output_shape=o_shp,
subsample=stride,
filter_shape=w_shp,
image_shape=input_shape,
border_mode=border_mode,
verbose=verbose)
conv_out = convolver.out
conv_out_shp = o_shp
self.conv_out = conv_out
if not poolsize == (1, 1):
raise Exception(
" Unpool operation not yet supported be deconv layer")
""" #pragma: no cover
pooler = pooler_2d(
input = conv_out,
img_shp = conv_out_shp,
mode = pooltype,
ds = poolsize,
verbose = verbose
)
pool_out = pooler.out
pool_out_shp = pooler.out_shp
"""
else:
unpool_out = conv_out
unpool_out_shp = conv_out_shp
"""
Ioffe, Sergey, and Christian Szegedy. "Batch normalization: Accelerating deep network
training by reducing internal covariate shift." arXiv preprint arXiv:1502.03167 (2015). """
if batch_norm is True:
batch_norm_out,_,_,mean,var = batch_normalization_train(
inputs = unpool_out + \
self.b.dimshuffle('x', 0, 'x', 'x'),
gamma = self.gamma,
beta = self.beta,
axes ='spatial',
running_mean = self.running_mean,
running_var = self.running_var )
mean = theano.tensor.unbroadcast(mean, 0)
var = theano.tensor.unbroadcast(var, 0)
var = var + 0.000001
self.updates[self.running_mean] = mean
self.updates[self.running_var] = var
batch_norm_inference = batch_normalization_test (
inputs = unpool_out + \
self.b.dimshuffle('x', 0, 'x', 'x'),
gamma = self.gamma,
beta = self.beta,
axes = 'spatial',
mean = self.running_mean,
var = self.running_var )
else:
batch_norm_out = unpool_out + self.b.dimshuffle('x', 0, 'x', 'x')
batch_norm_inference = batch_norm_out
batch_norm_out_shp = unpool_out_shp
if type(activation) is tuple:
if activation[0] == 'maxout':
raise Exception(
'Deconvolution layer does not support maxout activation')
self.output, self.output_shape = _activate(
x=batch_norm_out,
activation=activation,
input_size=batch_norm_out_shp,
verbose=verbose,
dimension=2)
self.inference, _ = _activate(x=batch_norm_inference,
activation=activation,
input_size=batch_norm_out_shp,
verbose=verbose,
dimension=2)
# store parameters of this layer and do some book keeping.
self.params = [self.w, self.b]
self.active_params = [self.w, self.b]
if batch_norm is True:
self.params.append(self.gamma)
self.params.append(self.beta)
self.active_params.append(self.gamma)
self.active_params.append(self.beta)
self.params.append(self.running_mean) # inactive params
self.params.append(self.running_var) # inactive params
self.L1 = abs(self.w).sum()
# if batch_norm is True : self.L1 = self.L1 # + abs(self.gamma).sum()
self.L2 = (self.w**2).sum()
# if batch_norm is True: self.L2 = self.L2 # + (self.gamma**2).sum()
# Just doing this for print_layer method to use.
self.nkerns = nkerns
self.filter_shape = filter_shape
self.poolsize = poolsize
self.stride = stride
self.input_shape = input_shape
self.num_neurons = nkerns
self.activation = activation
self.batch_norm = batch_norm
def __init__(self,
input,
num_neurons,
input_shape,
id,
rng=None,
input_params=None,
borrow=True,
activation='relu',
batch_norm=True,
verbose=2):
super(dot_product_layer, self).__init__(id=id,
type='dot_product',
verbose=verbose)
if verbose >= 3:
print "... Creating dot product layer"
if rng is None:
rng = numpy.random
create = False
if input_params is None:
create = True
elif input_params[0] is None:
create = True
if create is True:
w_values = numpy.asarray(
0.01 * rng.standard_normal(size=(input_shape[1], num_neurons)),
dtype=theano.config.floatX)
if activation == 'sigmoid':
w_values *= 4
self.w = theano.shared(value=w_values, name='weights')
else:
self.w = input_params[0]
create = False
if input_params is None:
create = True
elif input_params[1] is None:
create = True
if create is True:
b_values = numpy.zeros((num_neurons, ), dtype=theano.config.floatX)
self.b = theano.shared(value=b_values, name='bias')
else:
self.b = input_params[1]
if batch_norm is True:
create = False
if input_params is None:
create = True
elif input_params[2] is None:
create = True
if create is True:
gamma_values = numpy.ones((1, num_neurons),
dtype=theano.config.floatX)
self.gamma = theano.shared(value=gamma_values, name='gamma')
beta_values = numpy.zeros((1, num_neurons),
dtype=theano.config.floatX)
self.beta = theano.shared(value=beta_values, name='beta')
self.running_mean = theano.shared(value=numpy.zeros(
(1, num_neurons), dtype=theano.config.floatX),
name='population_mean',
borrow=borrow)
self.running_var = theano.shared(value=numpy.ones(
(1, num_neurons), dtype=theano.config.floatX),
name='population_var',
borrow=borrow)
else:
self.gamma = input_params[2]
self.beta = input_params[3]
self.running_mean = input_params[4]
self.running_var = input_params[5]
linear_fit = T.dot(input, self.w) + self.b
if batch_norm is True:
batch_norm_out, _, _, mean, var = batch_normalization_train(
inputs=linear_fit,
gamma=self.gamma,
beta=self.beta,
running_mean=self.running_mean,
running_var=self.running_var)
mean = theano.tensor.unbroadcast(mean, 0)
var = theano.tensor.unbroadcast(var, 0)
self.updates[self.running_mean] = mean
self.updates[self.running_var] = var + 0.001
batch_norm_inference = batch_normalization_test(
inputs=linear_fit,
gamma=self.gamma,
beta=self.beta,
mean=self.running_mean,
var=self.running_var)
else:
batch_norm_out = linear_fit
batch_norm_inference = batch_norm_out
batch_norm_shp = (input_shape[0], num_neurons)
self.output, self.output_shape = _activate(x=batch_norm_out,
activation=activation,
input_size=batch_norm_shp,
verbose=verbose,
dimension=1)
self.inference, _ = _activate(x=batch_norm_out,
activation=activation,
input_size=batch_norm_shp,
verbose=verbose,
dimension=1)
# parameters of the model
if batch_norm is True:
self.params = [
self.w, self.b, self.gamma, self.beta, self.running_mean,
self.running_var
]
self.active_params = [self.w, self.b, self.gamma, self.beta]
else:
self.params = [self.w, self.b]
self.active_params = [self.w, self.b]
self.L1 = abs(self.w).sum()
# if batch_norm is True: self.L1 = self.L1 + abs(self.gamma).sum()
self.L2 = (self.w**2).sum()
# if batch_norm is True: self.L2 = self.L2 + (self.gamma**2).sum()
"""
Ioffe, Sergey, and Christian Szegedy. "Batch normalization: Accelerating deep network
training by reducing internal covariate shift." arXiv preprint arXiv:1502.03167 (2015). """
if verbose >= 3:
print "... Dot Product layer is created with output shape " + str(
self.output_shape)
self.num_neurons = num_neurons
self.activation = activation
self.batch_norm = batch_norm