예제 #1
0
def test_replaybuffer(size=10, bufsize=20):
    env = MyTestEnv(size)
    buf = ReplayBuffer(bufsize)
    buf.update(buf)
    assert str(buf) == buf.__class__.__name__ + '()'
    obs = env.reset()
    action_list = [1] * 5 + [0] * 10 + [1] * 10
    for i, a in enumerate(action_list):
        obs_next, rew, done, info = env.step(a)
        buf.add(obs, [a], rew, done, obs_next, info)
        obs = obs_next
        assert len(buf) == min(bufsize, i + 1)
    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
        buf._add_to_buffer('rew', np.array([1, 2, 3]))
    assert buf.act.dtype == np.object
    assert isinstance(buf.act[0], list)
    data, indice = buf.sample(bufsize * 2)
    assert (indice < len(buf)).all()
    assert (data.obs < size).all()
    assert (0 <= data.done).all() and (data.done <= 1).all()
    b = ReplayBuffer(size=10)
    b.add(1, 1, 1, 'str', 1, {'a': 3, 'b': {'c': 5.0}})
    assert b.obs[0] == 1
    assert b.done[0] == 'str'
    assert np.all(b.obs[1:] == 0)
    assert np.all(b.done[1:] == np.array(None))
    assert b.info.a[0] == 3 and b.info.a.dtype == np.integer
    assert np.all(b.info.a[1:] == 0)
    assert b.info.b.c[0] == 5.0 and b.info.b.c.dtype == np.inexact
    assert np.all(b.info.b.c[1:] == 0.0)
    with pytest.raises(IndexError):
        b[22]
    b = ListReplayBuffer()
    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
        b.sample(0)
예제 #2
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def test_replaybuffer(size=10, bufsize=20):
    env = MyTestEnv(size)
    buf = ReplayBuffer(bufsize)
    buf2 = ReplayBuffer(bufsize)
    obs = env.reset()
    action_list = [1] * 5 + [0] * 10 + [1] * 10
    for i, a in enumerate(action_list):
        obs_next, rew, done, info = env.step(a)
        buf.add(obs, a, rew, done, obs_next, info)
        obs = obs_next
        assert len(buf) == min(bufsize, i + 1)
    data, indice = buf.sample(bufsize * 2)
    assert (indice < len(buf)).all()
    assert (data.obs < size).all()
    assert (0 <= data.done).all() and (data.done <= 1).all()
    assert len(buf) > len(buf2)
    buf2.update(buf)
    assert len(buf) == len(buf2)
    assert buf2[0].obs == buf[5].obs
    assert buf2[-1].obs == buf[4].obs
    b = ReplayBuffer(size=10)
    b.add(1, 1, 1, 'str', 1, {'a': 3, 'b': {'c': 5.0}})
    assert b.obs[0] == 1
    assert b.done[0] == 'str'
    assert np.all(b.obs[1:] == 0)
    assert np.all(b.done[1:] == np.array(None))
    assert b.info.a[0] == 3 and b.info.a.dtype == np.integer
    assert np.all(b.info.a[1:] == 0)
    assert b.info.b.c[0] == 5.0 and b.info.b.c.dtype == np.inexact
    assert np.all(b.info.b.c[1:] == 0.0)
예제 #3
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def test_update():
    buf1 = ReplayBuffer(4, stack_num=2)
    buf2 = ReplayBuffer(4, stack_num=2)
    for i in range(5):
        buf1.add(obs=np.array([i]), act=float(i), rew=i * i,
                 done=i % 2 == 0, info={'incident': 'found'})
    assert len(buf1) > len(buf2)
    buf2.update(buf1)
    assert len(buf1) == len(buf2)
    assert (buf2[0].obs == buf1[1].obs).all()
    assert (buf2[-1].obs == buf1[0].obs).all()
예제 #4
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def test_ReplayBuffer():
    """
    tianshou.data.ReplayBuffer
    buf.add()
    buf.get()
    buf.update()
    buf.sample()
    buf.reset()
    len(buf)
    :return:
    """
    buf1 = ReplayBuffer(size=15)
    for i in range(3):
        buf1.add(obs=i,
                 act=i,
                 rew=i,
                 done=i,
                 obs_next=i + 1,
                 info={},
                 weight=None)
    print(len(buf1))
    print(buf1.obs)
    buf2 = ReplayBuffer(size=10)
    for i in range(15):
        buf2.add(obs=i,
                 act=i,
                 rew=i,
                 done=i,
                 obs_next=i + 1,
                 info={},
                 weight=None)
    print(buf2.obs)
    buf1.update(buf2)
    print(buf1.obs)
    index = [1, 3, 5]
    # key is an obligatory args
    print(buf2.get(index, key='obs'))
    print('--------------------')
    sample_data, indice = buf2.sample(batch_size=4)
    print(sample_data, indice)
    print(sample_data.obs == buf2[indice].obs)
    print('--------------------')
    # buf.reset() only resets the index, not the content.
    print(len(buf2))
    buf2.reset()
    print(len(buf2))
    print(buf2)
    print('--------------------')
예제 #5
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def test_update():
    buf1 = ReplayBuffer(4, stack_num=2)
    buf2 = ReplayBuffer(4, stack_num=2)
    for i in range(5):
        buf1.add(obs=np.array([i]), act=float(i), rew=i * i,
                 done=i % 2 == 0, info={'incident': 'found'})
    assert len(buf1) > len(buf2)
    buf2.update(buf1)
    assert len(buf1) == len(buf2)
    assert (buf2[0].obs == buf1[1].obs).all()
    assert (buf2[-1].obs == buf1[0].obs).all()
    b = ListReplayBuffer()
    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
        b.update(b)
    b = CachedReplayBuffer(ReplayBuffer(10), 4, 5)
    with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError):
        b.update(b)
예제 #6
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def test_replaybuffer(size=10, bufsize=20):
    env = MyTestEnv(size)
    buf = ReplayBuffer(bufsize)
    buf2 = ReplayBuffer(bufsize)
    obs = env.reset()
    action_list = [1] * 5 + [0] * 10 + [1] * 10
    for i, a in enumerate(action_list):
        obs_next, rew, done, info = env.step(a)
        buf.add(obs, a, rew, done, obs_next, info)
        obs = obs_next
        assert len(buf) == min(bufsize, i + 1), print(len(buf), i)
    data, indice = buf.sample(bufsize * 2)
    assert (indice < len(buf)).all()
    assert (data.obs < size).all()
    assert (0 <= data.done).all() and (data.done <= 1).all()
    assert len(buf) > len(buf2)
    buf2.update(buf)
    assert len(buf) == len(buf2)
    assert buf2[0].obs == buf[5].obs
    assert buf2[-1].obs == buf[4].obs
예제 #7
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def test_replaybuffer(size=10, bufsize=20):
    env = MyTestEnv(size)
    buf = ReplayBuffer(bufsize)
    buf.update(buf)
    assert str(buf) == buf.__class__.__name__ + '()'
    obs = env.reset()
    action_list = [1] * 5 + [0] * 10 + [1] * 10
    for i, a in enumerate(action_list):
        obs_next, rew, done, info = env.step(a)
        buf.add(
            Batch(obs=obs,
                  act=[a],
                  rew=rew,
                  done=done,
                  obs_next=obs_next,
                  info=info))
        obs = obs_next
        assert len(buf) == min(bufsize, i + 1)
    assert buf.act.dtype == int
    assert buf.act.shape == (bufsize, 1)
    data, indices = buf.sample(bufsize * 2)
    assert (indices < len(buf)).all()
    assert (data.obs < size).all()
    assert (0 <= data.done).all() and (data.done <= 1).all()
    b = ReplayBuffer(size=10)
    # neg bsz should return empty index
    assert b.sample_indices(-1).tolist() == []
    ptr, ep_rew, ep_len, ep_idx = b.add(
        Batch(obs=1,
              act=1,
              rew=1,
              done=1,
              obs_next='str',
              info={
                  'a': 3,
                  'b': {
                      'c': 5.0
                  }
              }))
    assert b.obs[0] == 1
    assert b.done[0]
    assert b.obs_next[0] == 'str'
    assert np.all(b.obs[1:] == 0)
    assert np.all(b.obs_next[1:] == np.array(None))
    assert b.info.a[0] == 3 and b.info.a.dtype == int
    assert np.all(b.info.a[1:] == 0)
    assert b.info.b.c[0] == 5.0 and b.info.b.c.dtype == float
    assert np.all(b.info.b.c[1:] == 0.0)
    assert ptr.shape == (1, ) and ptr[0] == 0
    assert ep_rew.shape == (1, ) and ep_rew[0] == 1
    assert ep_len.shape == (1, ) and ep_len[0] == 1
    assert ep_idx.shape == (1, ) and ep_idx[0] == 0
    # test extra keys pop up, the buffer should handle it dynamically
    batch = Batch(obs=2,
                  act=2,
                  rew=2,
                  done=0,
                  obs_next="str2",
                  info={
                      "a": 4,
                      "d": {
                          "e": -np.inf
                      }
                  })
    b.add(batch)
    info_keys = ["a", "b", "d"]
    assert set(b.info.keys()) == set(info_keys)
    assert b.info.a[1] == 4 and b.info.b.c[1] == 0
    assert b.info.d.e[1] == -np.inf
    # test batch-style adding method, where len(batch) == 1
    batch.done = [1]
    batch.info.e = np.zeros([1, 4])
    batch = Batch.stack([batch])
    ptr, ep_rew, ep_len, ep_idx = b.add(batch, buffer_ids=[0])
    assert ptr.shape == (1, ) and ptr[0] == 2
    assert ep_rew.shape == (1, ) and ep_rew[0] == 4
    assert ep_len.shape == (1, ) and ep_len[0] == 2
    assert ep_idx.shape == (1, ) and ep_idx[0] == 1
    assert set(b.info.keys()) == set(info_keys + ["e"])
    assert b.info.e.shape == (b.maxsize, 1, 4)
    with pytest.raises(IndexError):
        b[22]
    # test prev / next
    assert np.all(b.prev(np.array([0, 1, 2])) == [0, 1, 1])
    assert np.all(b.next(np.array([0, 1, 2])) == [0, 2, 2])
    batch.done = [0]
    b.add(batch, buffer_ids=[0])
    assert np.all(b.prev(np.array([0, 1, 2, 3])) == [0, 1, 1, 3])
    assert np.all(b.next(np.array([0, 1, 2, 3])) == [0, 2, 2, 3])
예제 #8
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class Collector(object):
    """The :class:`~tianshou.data.Collector` enables the policy to interact
    with different types of environments conveniently.

    :param policy: an instance of the :class:`~tianshou.policy.BasePolicy`
        class.
    :param env: an environment or an instance of the
        :class:`~tianshou.env.BaseVectorEnv` class.
    :param buffer: an instance of the :class:`~tianshou.data.ReplayBuffer`
        class, or a list of :class:`~tianshou.data.ReplayBuffer`. If set to
        ``None``, it will automatically assign a small-size
        :class:`~tianshou.data.ReplayBuffer`.
    :param int stat_size: for the moving average of recording speed, defaults
        to 100.

    Example:
    ::

        policy = PGPolicy(...)  # or other policies if you wish
        env = gym.make('CartPole-v0')
        replay_buffer = ReplayBuffer(size=10000)
        # here we set up a collector with a single environment
        collector = Collector(policy, env, buffer=replay_buffer)

        # the collector supports vectorized environments as well
        envs = VectorEnv([lambda: gym.make('CartPole-v0') for _ in range(3)])
        buffers = [ReplayBuffer(size=5000) for _ in range(3)]
        # you can also pass a list of replay buffer to collector, for multi-env
        # collector = Collector(policy, envs, buffer=buffers)
        collector = Collector(policy, envs, buffer=replay_buffer)

        # collect at least 3 episodes
        collector.collect(n_episode=3)
        # collect 1 episode for the first env, 3 for the third env
        collector.collect(n_episode=[1, 0, 3])
        # collect at least 2 steps
        collector.collect(n_step=2)
        # collect episodes with visual rendering (the render argument is the
        #   sleep time between rendering consecutive frames)
        collector.collect(n_episode=1, render=0.03)

        # sample data with a given number of batch-size:
        batch_data = collector.sample(batch_size=64)
        # policy.learn(batch_data)  # btw, vanilla policy gradient only
        #   supports on-policy training, so here we pick all data in the buffer
        batch_data = collector.sample(batch_size=0)
        policy.learn(batch_data)
        # on-policy algorithms use the collected data only once, so here we
        #   clear the buffer
        collector.reset_buffer()

    For the scenario of collecting data from multiple environments to a single
    buffer, the cache buffers will turn on automatically. It may return the
    data more than the given limitation.

    .. note::

        Please make sure the given environment has a time limitation.
    """

    def __init__(self, policy, env, buffer=None, stat_size=100, **kwargs):
        super().__init__()
        self.env = env
        self.env_num = 1
        self.collect_step = 0
        self.collect_episode = 0
        self.collect_time = 0
        if buffer is None:
            self.buffer = ReplayBuffer(100)
        else:
            self.buffer = buffer
        self.policy = policy
        self.process_fn = policy.process_fn
        self._multi_env = isinstance(env, BaseVectorEnv)
        self._multi_buf = False  # True if buf is a list
        # need multiple cache buffers only if storing in one buffer
        self._cached_buf = []
        if self._multi_env:
            self.env_num = len(env)
            if isinstance(self.buffer, list):
                assert len(self.buffer) == self.env_num, \
                    'The number of data buffer does not match the number of ' \
                    'input env.'
                self._multi_buf = True
            elif isinstance(self.buffer, ReplayBuffer):
                self._cached_buf = [
                    ListReplayBuffer() for _ in range(self.env_num)]
            else:
                raise TypeError('The buffer in data collector is invalid!')
        self.reset_env()
        self.reset_buffer()
        # state over batch is either a list, an np.ndarray, or a torch.Tensor
        self.state = None
        self.step_speed = MovAvg(stat_size)
        self.episode_speed = MovAvg(stat_size)

    def reset_buffer(self):
        """Reset the main data buffer."""
        if self._multi_buf:
            for b in self.buffer:
                b.reset()
        else:
            self.buffer.reset()

    def get_env_num(self):
        """Return the number of environments the collector has."""
        return self.env_num

    def reset_env(self):
        """Reset all of the environment(s)' states and reset all of the cache
        buffers (if need).
        """
        self._obs = self.env.reset()
        self._act = self._rew = self._done = self._info = None
        if self._multi_env:
            self.reward = np.zeros(self.env_num)
            self.length = np.zeros(self.env_num)
        else:
            self.reward, self.length = 0, 0
        for b in self._cached_buf:
            b.reset()

    def seed(self, seed=None):
        """Reset all the seed(s) of the given environment(s)."""
        if hasattr(self.env, 'seed'):
            return self.env.seed(seed)

    def render(self, **kwargs):
        """Render all the environment(s)."""
        if hasattr(self.env, 'render'):
            return self.env.render(**kwargs)

    def close(self):
        """Close the environment(s)."""
        if hasattr(self.env, 'close'):
            self.env.close()

    def _make_batch(self, data):
        """Return [data]."""
        if isinstance(data, np.ndarray):
            return data[None]
        else:
            return np.array([data])

    def _reset_state(self, id):
        """Reset self.state[id]."""
        if self.state is None:
            return
        if isinstance(self.state, list):
            self.state[id] = None
        elif isinstance(self.state, dict):
            for k in self.state:
                if isinstance(self.state[k], list):
                    self.state[k][id] = None
                elif isinstance(self.state[k], torch.Tensor) or \
                        isinstance(self.state[k], np.ndarray):
                    self.state[k][id] = 0
        elif isinstance(self.state, torch.Tensor) or \
                isinstance(self.state, np.ndarray):
            self.state[id] = 0

    def collect(self, n_step=0, n_episode=0, render=None):
        """Collect a specified number of step or episode.

        :param int n_step: how many steps you want to collect.
        :param n_episode: how many episodes you want to collect (in each
            environment).
        :type n_episode: int or list
        :param float render: the sleep time between rendering consecutive
            frames, defaults to ``None`` (no rendering).

        .. note::

            One and only one collection number specification is permitted,
            either ``n_step`` or ``n_episode``.

        :return: A dict including the following keys

            * ``n/ep`` the collected number of episodes.
            * ``n/st`` the collected number of steps.
            * ``v/st`` the speed of steps per second.
            * ``v/ep`` the speed of episode per second.
            * ``rew`` the mean reward over collected episodes.
            * ``len`` the mean length over collected episodes.
        """
        warning_count = 0
        if not self._multi_env:
            n_episode = np.sum(n_episode)
        start_time = time.time()
        assert sum([(n_step != 0), (n_episode != 0)]) == 1, \
            "One and only one collection number specification is permitted!"
        cur_step = 0
        cur_episode = np.zeros(self.env_num) if self._multi_env else 0
        reward_sum = 0
        length_sum = 0
        while True:
            if warning_count >= 100000:
                warnings.warn(
                    'There are already many steps in an episode. '
                    'You should add a time limitation to your environment!',
                    Warning)
            if self._multi_env:
                batch_data = Batch(
                    obs=self._obs, act=self._act, rew=self._rew,
                    done=self._done, obs_next=None, info=self._info)
            else:
                batch_data = Batch(
                    obs=self._make_batch(self._obs),
                    act=self._make_batch(self._act),
                    rew=self._make_batch(self._rew),
                    done=self._make_batch(self._done),
                    obs_next=None,
                    info=self._make_batch(self._info))
            with torch.no_grad():
                result = self.policy(batch_data, self.state)
            self.state = result.state if hasattr(result, 'state') else None
            if isinstance(result.act, torch.Tensor):
                self._act = result.act.detach().cpu().numpy()
            elif not isinstance(self._act, np.ndarray):
                self._act = np.array(result.act)
            else:
                self._act = result.act
            obs_next, self._rew, self._done, self._info = self.env.step(
                self._act if self._multi_env else self._act[0])
            if render is not None:
                self.env.render()
                if render > 0:
                    time.sleep(render)
            self.length += 1
            self.reward += self._rew
            if self._multi_env:
                for i in range(self.env_num):
                    data = {
                        'obs': self._obs[i], 'act': self._act[i],
                        'rew': self._rew[i], 'done': self._done[i],
                        'obs_next': obs_next[i], 'info': self._info[i]}
                    if self._cached_buf:
                        warning_count += 1
                        self._cached_buf[i].add(**data)
                    elif self._multi_buf:
                        warning_count += 1
                        self.buffer[i].add(**data)
                        cur_step += 1
                    else:
                        warning_count += 1
                        self.buffer.add(**data)
                        cur_step += 1
                    if self._done[i]:
                        if n_step != 0 or np.isscalar(n_episode) or \
                                cur_episode[i] < n_episode[i]:
                            cur_episode[i] += 1
                            reward_sum += self.reward[i]
                            length_sum += self.length[i]
                            if self._cached_buf:
                                cur_step += len(self._cached_buf[i])
                                self.buffer.update(self._cached_buf[i])
                        self.reward[i], self.length[i] = 0, 0
                        if self._cached_buf:
                            self._cached_buf[i].reset()
                        self._reset_state(i)
                if sum(self._done):
                    obs_next = self.env.reset(np.where(self._done)[0])
                if n_episode != 0:
                    if isinstance(n_episode, list) and \
                            (cur_episode >= np.array(n_episode)).all() or \
                            np.isscalar(n_episode) and \
                            cur_episode.sum() >= n_episode:
                        break
            else:
                self.buffer.add(
                    self._obs, self._act[0], self._rew,
                    self._done, obs_next, self._info)
                cur_step += 1
                if self._done:
                    cur_episode += 1
                    reward_sum += self.reward
                    length_sum += self.length
                    self.reward, self.length = 0, 0
                    self.state = None
                    obs_next = self.env.reset()
                if n_episode != 0 and cur_episode >= n_episode:
                    break
            if n_step != 0 and cur_step >= n_step:
                break
            self._obs = obs_next
        self._obs = obs_next
        if self._multi_env:
            cur_episode = sum(cur_episode)
        duration = max(time.time() - start_time, 1e-9)
        self.step_speed.add(cur_step / duration)
        self.episode_speed.add(cur_episode / duration)
        self.collect_step += cur_step
        self.collect_episode += cur_episode
        self.collect_time += duration
        if isinstance(n_episode, list):
            n_episode = np.sum(n_episode)
        else:
            n_episode = max(cur_episode, 1)
        return {
            'n/ep': cur_episode,
            'n/st': cur_step,
            'v/st': self.step_speed.get(),
            'v/ep': self.episode_speed.get(),
            'rew': reward_sum / n_episode,
            'len': length_sum / n_episode,
        }

    def sample(self, batch_size):
        """Sample a data batch from the internal replay buffer. It will call
        :meth:`~tianshou.policy.BasePolicy.process_fn` before returning
        the final batch data.

        :param int batch_size: ``0`` means it will extract all the data from
            the buffer, otherwise it will extract the data with the given
            batch_size.
        """
        if self._multi_buf:
            if batch_size > 0:
                lens = [len(b) for b in self.buffer]
                total = sum(lens)
                batch_index = np.random.choice(
                    total, batch_size, p=np.array(lens) / total)
            else:
                batch_index = np.array([])
            batch_data = Batch()
            for i, b in enumerate(self.buffer):
                cur_batch = (batch_index == i).sum()
                if batch_size and cur_batch or batch_size <= 0:
                    batch, indice = b.sample(cur_batch)
                    batch = self.process_fn(batch, b, indice)
                    batch_data.append(batch)
        else:
            batch_data, indice = self.buffer.sample(batch_size)
            batch_data = self.process_fn(batch_data, self.buffer, indice)
        return batch_data
예제 #9
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class Collector(object):
    """docstring for Collector"""
    def __init__(self, policy, env, buffer=None, stat_size=100):
        super().__init__()
        self.env = env
        self.env_num = 1
        self.collect_step = 0
        self.collect_episode = 0
        self.collect_time = 0
        if buffer is None:
            self.buffer = ReplayBuffer(100)
        else:
            self.buffer = buffer
        self.policy = policy
        self.process_fn = policy.process_fn
        self._multi_env = isinstance(env, BaseVectorEnv)
        self._multi_buf = False  # True if buf is a list
        # need multiple cache buffers only if storing in one buffer
        self._cached_buf = []
        if self._multi_env:
            self.env_num = len(env)
            if isinstance(self.buffer, list):
                assert len(self.buffer) == self.env_num, \
                    'The number of data buffer does not match the number of ' \
                    'input env.'
                self._multi_buf = True
            elif isinstance(self.buffer, ReplayBuffer):
                self._cached_buf = [
                    ListReplayBuffer() for _ in range(self.env_num)
                ]
            else:
                raise TypeError('The buffer in data collector is invalid!')
        self.reset_env()
        self.reset_buffer()
        # state over batch is either a list, an np.ndarray, or a torch.Tensor
        self.state = None
        self.step_speed = MovAvg(stat_size)
        self.episode_speed = MovAvg(stat_size)

    def reset_buffer(self):
        if self._multi_buf:
            for b in self.buffer:
                b.reset()
        else:
            self.buffer.reset()

    def get_env_num(self):
        return self.env_num

    def reset_env(self):
        self._obs = self.env.reset()
        self._act = self._rew = self._done = self._info = None
        if self._multi_env:
            self.reward = np.zeros(self.env_num)
            self.length = np.zeros(self.env_num)
        else:
            self.reward, self.length = 0, 0
        for b in self._cached_buf:
            b.reset()

    def seed(self, seed=None):
        if hasattr(self.env, 'seed'):
            return self.env.seed(seed)

    def render(self, **kwargs):
        if hasattr(self.env, 'render'):
            return self.env.render(**kwargs)

    def close(self):
        if hasattr(self.env, 'close'):
            self.env.close()

    def _make_batch(self, data):
        if isinstance(data, np.ndarray):
            return data[None]
        else:
            return np.array([data])

    def collect(self, n_step=0, n_episode=0, render=0):
        warning_count = 0
        if not self._multi_env:
            n_episode = np.sum(n_episode)
        start_time = time.time()
        assert sum([(n_step != 0), (n_episode != 0)]) == 1, \
            "One and only one collection number specification permitted!"
        cur_step = 0
        cur_episode = np.zeros(self.env_num) if self._multi_env else 0
        reward_sum = 0
        length_sum = 0
        while True:
            if warning_count >= 100000:
                warnings.warn(
                    'There are already many steps in an episode. '
                    'You should add a time limitation to your environment!',
                    Warning)
            if self._multi_env:
                batch_data = Batch(obs=self._obs,
                                   act=self._act,
                                   rew=self._rew,
                                   done=self._done,
                                   obs_next=None,
                                   info=self._info)
            else:
                batch_data = Batch(obs=self._make_batch(self._obs),
                                   act=self._make_batch(self._act),
                                   rew=self._make_batch(self._rew),
                                   done=self._make_batch(self._done),
                                   obs_next=None,
                                   info=self._make_batch(self._info))
            result = self.policy(batch_data, self.state)
            self.state = result.state if hasattr(result, 'state') else None
            if isinstance(result.act, torch.Tensor):
                self._act = result.act.detach().cpu().numpy()
            elif not isinstance(self._act, np.ndarray):
                self._act = np.array(result.act)
            else:
                self._act = result.act
            obs_next, self._rew, self._done, self._info = self.env.step(
                self._act if self._multi_env else self._act[0])
            if render > 0:
                self.env.render()
                time.sleep(render)
            self.length += 1
            self.reward += self._rew
            if self._multi_env:
                for i in range(self.env_num):
                    data = {
                        'obs': self._obs[i],
                        'act': self._act[i],
                        'rew': self._rew[i],
                        'done': self._done[i],
                        'obs_next': obs_next[i],
                        'info': self._info[i]
                    }
                    if self._cached_buf:
                        warning_count += 1
                        self._cached_buf[i].add(**data)
                    elif self._multi_buf:
                        warning_count += 1
                        self.buffer[i].add(**data)
                        cur_step += 1
                    else:
                        warning_count += 1
                        self.buffer.add(**data)
                        cur_step += 1
                    if self._done[i]:
                        if n_step != 0 or np.isscalar(n_episode) or \
                                cur_episode[i] < n_episode[i]:
                            cur_episode[i] += 1
                            reward_sum += self.reward[i]
                            length_sum += self.length[i]
                            if self._cached_buf:
                                cur_step += len(self._cached_buf[i])
                                self.buffer.update(self._cached_buf[i])
                        self.reward[i], self.length[i] = 0, 0
                        if self._cached_buf:
                            self._cached_buf[i].reset()
                        if isinstance(self.state, list):
                            self.state[i] = None
                        elif self.state is not None:
                            if isinstance(self.state[i], dict):
                                self.state[i] = {}
                            else:
                                self.state[i] = self.state[i] * 0
                            if isinstance(self.state, torch.Tensor):
                                # remove ref count in pytorch (?)
                                self.state = self.state.detach()
                if sum(self._done):
                    obs_next = self.env.reset(np.where(self._done)[0])
                if n_episode != 0:
                    if isinstance(n_episode, list) and \
                            (cur_episode >= np.array(n_episode)).all() or \
                            np.isscalar(n_episode) and \
                            cur_episode.sum() >= n_episode:
                        break
            else:
                self.buffer.add(self._obs, self._act[0], self._rew, self._done,
                                obs_next, self._info)
                cur_step += 1
                if self._done:
                    cur_episode += 1
                    reward_sum += self.reward
                    length_sum += self.length
                    self.reward, self.length = 0, 0
                    self.state = None
                    obs_next = self.env.reset()
                if n_episode != 0 and cur_episode >= n_episode:
                    break
            if n_step != 0 and cur_step >= n_step:
                break
            self._obs = obs_next
        self._obs = obs_next
        if self._multi_env:
            cur_episode = sum(cur_episode)
        duration = time.time() - start_time
        self.step_speed.add(cur_step / duration)
        self.episode_speed.add(cur_episode / duration)
        self.collect_step += cur_step
        self.collect_episode += cur_episode
        self.collect_time += duration
        if isinstance(n_episode, list):
            n_episode = np.sum(n_episode)
        else:
            n_episode = max(cur_episode, 1)
        return {
            'n/ep': cur_episode,
            'n/st': cur_step,
            'v/st': self.step_speed.get(),
            'v/ep': self.episode_speed.get(),
            'rew': reward_sum / n_episode,
            'len': length_sum / n_episode,
        }

    def sample(self, batch_size):
        if self._multi_buf:
            if batch_size > 0:
                lens = [len(b) for b in self.buffer]
                total = sum(lens)
                batch_index = np.random.choice(total,
                                               batch_size,
                                               p=np.array(lens) / total)
            else:
                batch_index = np.array([])
            batch_data = Batch()
            for i, b in enumerate(self.buffer):
                cur_batch = (batch_index == i).sum()
                if batch_size and cur_batch or batch_size <= 0:
                    batch, indice = b.sample(cur_batch)
                    batch = self.process_fn(batch, b, indice)
                    batch_data.append(batch)
        else:
            batch_data, indice = self.buffer.sample(batch_size)
            batch_data = self.process_fn(batch_data, self.buffer, indice)
        return batch_data