Exemplo n.º 1
0
def Solve_F90(XBINPUT, XBOPTS):
    """@brief Nonlinear dynamic structural solver using f90 solve routine."""

    "Check correct solution code"
    assert XBOPTS.Solution.value == 312, ('NonlinearDynamic (F90) requested' +\
                                              ' with wrong solution code')

    "Initialise variables for static analysis"
    XBINPUT, XBOPTS, NumNodes_tot, XBELEM, PosIni, PsiIni, XBNODE, NumDof \
                = BeamInit.Static(XBINPUT, XBOPTS)

    "Change solution code to NonlinearStatic"
    XBOPTS.Solution.value = 112

    "Set initial conditions as undef config"
    PosDefor = PosIni.copy(order='F')
    PsiDefor = PsiIni.copy(order='F')

    "Solve static"

    BeamLib.Cbeam3_Solv_NonlinearStatic(XBINPUT, XBOPTS, NumNodes_tot, XBELEM,\
                            PosIni, PsiIni, XBNODE, NumDof,\
                            PosDefor, PsiDefor)

    "Change solution code back to NonlinearDynamic"
    XBOPTS.Solution.value = 312

    "Write deformed configuration to file"
    ofile = Settings.OutputDir + Settings.OutputFileRoot + '_SOL312_def.dat'
    if XBOPTS.PrintInfo == True:
        sys.stdout.write('Writing file %s ... ' % (ofile))
    fp = open(ofile, 'w')
    fp.write('TITLE="Non-linear static solution: deformed geometry"\n')
    fp.write('VARIABLES="iElem" "iNode" "Px" "Py" "Pz" "Rx" "Ry" "Rz"\n')
    fp.close()
    if XBOPTS.PrintInfo == True:
        sys.stdout.write('done\n')
    WriteMode = 'a'

    BeamIO.OutputElems(XBINPUT.NumElems, NumNodes_tot.value, XBELEM, \
                       PosDefor, PsiDefor, ofile, WriteMode)

    "Change solution code to NonlinearDynamic"
    XBOPTS.Solution.value = 312

    "Initialise variables for dynamic analysis"
    Time, NumSteps, ForceTime, ForcedVel, ForcedVelDot,\
    PosDotDef, PsiDotDef,\
    OutGrids, PosPsiTime, VelocTime, DynOut\
        = BeamInit.Dynamic(XBINPUT,XBOPTS)

    "Write _force file"
    ofile = Settings.OutputDir + Settings.OutputFileRoot + '_SOL312_force.dat'
    fp = open(ofile, 'w')
    BeamIO.Write_force_File(fp, Time, ForceTime, ForcedVel, ForcedVelDot)
    fp.close()

    "Write _vel file"
    #TODO: write _vel file

    "Write .mrb file"
    #TODO: write .mrb file

    "Solve dynamic using f90 solver"
    BeamLib.Cbeam3_Solv_NonlinearDynamic(XBINPUT, XBOPTS, NumNodes_tot, XBELEM,\
            PosIni, PsiIni, XBNODE, NumDof,\
            PosDefor, PsiDefor,\
            NumSteps, Time, ForceTime, ForcedVel, ForcedVelDot,\
            PosDotDef, PsiDotDef,\
            PosPsiTime, VelocTime, DynOut, OutGrids)

    "Write _dyn file"
    ofile = Settings.OutputDir + Settings.OutputFileRoot + '_SOL312_dyn.dat'
    fp = open(ofile, 'w')
    BeamIO.Write_dyn_File(fp, Time, PosPsiTime)
    fp.close()

    "Write _shape file"
    ofile = Settings.OutputDir + Settings.OutputFileRoot + '_SOL312_shape.dat'
    fp = open(ofile, 'w')
    BeamIO.Write_shape_File(fp, len(Time), NumNodes_tot.value, Time, DynOut)
    fp.close()
Exemplo n.º 2
0
def Solve_Py(XBINPUT, XBOPTS, moduleName=None):
    """Nonlinear dynamic structural solver in Python. Assembly of matrices 
    is carried out with Fortran subroutines."""

    "Check correct solution code"
    assert XBOPTS.Solution.value == 312, ('NonlinearDynamic requested' +\
                                              ' with wrong solution code')

    "Initialise beam"
    XBINPUT, XBOPTS, NumNodes_tot, XBELEM, PosIni, PsiIni, XBNODE, NumDof \
                = BeamInit.Static(XBINPUT,XBOPTS, moduleName)

    # Solve static solution
    XBOPTS.Solution.value = 112
    PosDefor, PsiDefor = Solve_Py_Static(XBINPUT, XBOPTS, moduleName)
    XBOPTS.Solution.value = 312

    "Write deformed configuration to file"
    ofile = Settings.OutputDir + Settings.OutputFileRoot + '_SOL312_def.dat'
    if XBOPTS.PrintInfo == True:
        sys.stdout.write('Writing file %s ... ' % (ofile))
    fp = open(ofile, 'w')
    fp.write('TITLE="Non-linear static solution: deformed geometry"\n')
    fp.write('VARIABLES="iElem" "iNode" "Px" "Py" "Pz" "Rx" "Ry" "Rz"\n')
    fp.close()
    if XBOPTS.PrintInfo == True:
        sys.stdout.write('done\n')
    WriteMode = 'a'

    BeamIO.OutputElems(XBINPUT.NumElems, NumNodes_tot.value, XBELEM, \
                       PosDefor, PsiDefor, ofile, WriteMode)

    "Initialise variables for dynamic analysis"
    Time, NumSteps, ForceTime, ForcedVel, ForcedVelDot,\
    PosDotDef, PsiDotDef,\
    OutGrids, PosPsiTime, VelocTime, DynOut\
        = BeamInit.Dynamic(XBINPUT,XBOPTS, moduleName)

    # Delete unused vars
    del OutGrids, VelocTime

    "Write _force file"
    ofile = Settings.OutputDir + Settings.OutputFileRoot + '_SOL312_force.dat'
    fp = open(ofile, 'w')
    BeamIO.Write_force_File(fp, Time, ForceTime, ForcedVel, ForcedVelDot)
    fp.close()

    "Write _vel file"
    #TODO: write _vel file

    "Write .mrb file"
    #TODO: write .mrb file

    if XBOPTS.PrintInfo.value == True:
        sys.stdout.write('Solve nonlinear dynamic case in Python ... \n')

    "Initialise structural system tensors"
    MglobalFull = np.zeros((NumDof.value, NumDof.value), ct.c_double, 'F')
    CglobalFull = np.zeros((NumDof.value, NumDof.value), ct.c_double, 'F')
    KglobalFull = np.zeros((NumDof.value, NumDof.value), ct.c_double, 'F')
    FglobalFull = np.zeros((NumDof.value, NumDof.value), ct.c_double, 'F')
    Asys = np.zeros((NumDof.value, NumDof.value), ct.c_double, 'F')

    ms = ct.c_int()
    cs = ct.c_int()
    ks = ct.c_int()
    fs = ct.c_int()

    Mvel = np.zeros((NumDof.value, 6), ct.c_double, 'F')
    Cvel = np.zeros((NumDof.value, 6), ct.c_double, 'F')

    X = np.zeros(NumDof.value, ct.c_double, 'F')
    DX = np.zeros(NumDof.value, ct.c_double, 'F')
    dXdt = np.zeros(NumDof.value, ct.c_double, 'F')
    dXddt = np.zeros(NumDof.value, ct.c_double, 'F')
    Force_Dof = np.zeros(NumDof.value, ct.c_double, 'F')

    Qglobal = np.zeros(NumDof.value, ct.c_double, 'F')

    "Initialise rotation operators"
    Unit = np.zeros((3, 3), ct.c_double, 'F')
    for i in range(3):
        Unit[i, i] = 1.0

    Unit4 = np.zeros((4, 4), ct.c_double, 'F')
    for i in range(4):
        Unit4[i, i] = 1.0

    Cao = Unit.copy('F')
    Temp = Unit4.copy('F')

    Quat = np.zeros(4, ct.c_double, 'F')
    Quat[0] = 1.0

    "Extract initial displacements and velocities"
    BeamLib.Cbeam_Solv_Disp2State(NumNodes_tot, NumDof, XBINPUT, XBNODE,\
                          PosDefor, PsiDefor, PosDotDef, PsiDotDef,
                          X, dXdt)

    "Approximate initial accelerations"

    "Initialise accelerations as zero arrays"
    PosDotDotDef = np.zeros((NumNodes_tot.value, 3), ct.c_double, 'F')
    PsiDotDotDef = np.zeros((XBINPUT.NumElems,Settings.MaxElNod,3),\
                           ct.c_double, 'F')

    "Force at the first time-step"
    Force = (XBINPUT.ForceStatic + XBINPUT.ForceDyn * ForceTime[0]).copy('F')

    "Assemble matrices for dynamic analysis"
    BeamLib.Cbeam3_Asbly_Dynamic(XBINPUT, NumNodes_tot, XBELEM, XBNODE,\
                         PosIni, PsiIni, PosDefor, PsiDefor,\
                         PosDotDef, PsiDotDef, PosDotDotDef, PsiDotDotDef,\
                         Force, ForcedVel[0,:], ForcedVelDot[0,:],\
                         NumDof, Settings.DimMat,\
                         ms, MglobalFull, Mvel,\
                         cs, CglobalFull, Cvel,\
                         ks, KglobalFull, fs, FglobalFull,\
                         Qglobal, XBOPTS, Cao)

    "Get force vector for unconstrained nodes (Force_Dof)"
    BeamLib.f_fem_m2v(ct.byref(NumNodes_tot),\
                              ct.byref(ct.c_int(6)),\
                              Force.ctypes.data_as(ct.POINTER(ct.c_double)),\
                              ct.byref(NumDof),\
                              Force_Dof.ctypes.data_as(ct.POINTER(ct.c_double)),\
                              XBNODE.Vdof.ctypes.data_as(ct.POINTER(ct.c_int)) )

    "Get RHS at initial condition"
    Qglobal += -np.dot(FglobalFull, Force_Dof)

    #Separate assembly of follower and dead loads"
    tmpForceTime = ForceTime[0].copy('F')
    Qforces = XbeamLib.LoadAssembly(XBINPUT, XBELEM, XBNODE, XBOPTS, NumDof, \
                                    PosIni, PsiIni, PosDefor, PsiDefor, \
                                    (XBINPUT.ForceStatic_foll + XBINPUT.ForceDyn_foll*tmpForceTime), \
                                    (XBINPUT.ForceStatic_dead + XBINPUT.ForceDyn_dead*tmpForceTime), \
                                    Cao, 1)[0]

    Qglobal -= Qforces

    "Initial Accel"
    dXddt[:] = np.dot(np.linalg.inv(MglobalFull), -Qglobal)

    "Record position of all grid points in global FoR at initial time step"
    DynOut[0:NumNodes_tot.value, :] = PosDefor

    "Position/rotation of the selected node in initial deformed configuration"
    PosPsiTime[0, :3] = PosDefor[-1, :]
    PosPsiTime[0, 3:] = PsiDefor[-1, XBELEM.NumNodes[-1] - 1, :]

    "Get gamma and beta for Newmark scheme"
    gamma = 0.5 + XBOPTS.NewmarkDamp.value
    beta = 0.25 * np.power((gamma + 0.5), 2.0)

    "Time loop"
    for iStep in range(NumSteps.value):

        if XBOPTS.PrintInfo.value == True:
            sys.stdout.write('  Time: %-10.4e\n' % (Time[iStep + 1]))
            sys.stdout.write('   SubIter DeltaF     DeltaX     ResLog10\n')

        "calculate dt"
        dt = Time[iStep + 1] - Time[iStep]

        "Update transformation matrix for given angular velocity"
        Temp = np.linalg.inv(Unit4 + 0.25 *
                             XbeamLib.QuadSkew(ForcedVel[iStep + 1, 3:]) * dt)
        Quat = np.dot(
            Temp,
            np.dot(Unit4 - 0.25 * XbeamLib.QuadSkew(ForcedVel[iStep, 3:]) * dt,
                   Quat))
        Quat = Quat / np.linalg.norm(Quat)
        Cao = XbeamLib.Rot(Quat)

        "Predictor step"
        X += dt * dXdt + (0.5 - beta) * dXddt * dt**2
        dXdt += (1.0 - gamma) * dXddt * dt
        dXddt[:] = 0.0

        "Force at current time-step"
        Force = (XBINPUT.ForceStatic + \
                 XBINPUT.ForceDyn*ForceTime[iStep+1]).copy('F')

        "Reset convergence parameters"
        Iter = 0
        ResLog10 = 1.0

        "Newton-Raphson loop"
        while ( (ResLog10 > XBOPTS.MinDelta.value) \
                & (Iter < XBOPTS.MaxIterations.value) ):

            "set tensors to zero"
            Qglobal[:] = 0.0
            Mvel[:, :] = 0.0
            Cvel[:, :] = 0.0
            MglobalFull[:, :] = 0.0
            CglobalFull[:, :] = 0.0
            KglobalFull[:, :] = 0.0
            FglobalFull[:, :] = 0.0

            "Update counter"
            Iter += 1

            if XBOPTS.PrintInfo.value == True:
                sys.stdout.write('   %-7d ' % (Iter))

            "nodal diplacements and velocities from state vector"
            BeamLib.Cbeam3_Solv_State2Disp(XBINPUT, NumNodes_tot, XBELEM, XBNODE,
                           PosIni, PsiIni, NumDof, X, dXdt,\
                           PosDefor, PsiDefor, PosDotDef, PsiDotDef)

            "update matrices"
            BeamLib.Cbeam3_Asbly_Dynamic(XBINPUT, NumNodes_tot, XBELEM, XBNODE,\
                         PosIni, PsiIni, PosDefor, PsiDefor,\
                         PosDotDef, PsiDotDef, PosDotDotDef, PsiDotDotDef,\
                         Force, ForcedVel[iStep+1,:], ForcedVelDot[iStep+1,:],\
                         NumDof, Settings.DimMat,\
                         ms, MglobalFull, Mvel,\
                         cs, CglobalFull, Cvel,\
                         ks, KglobalFull, fs, FglobalFull,\
                         Qglobal, XBOPTS, Cao)

            "Get force vector for unconstrained nodes (Force_Dof)"
            BeamLib.f_fem_m2v(ct.byref(NumNodes_tot),\
                              ct.byref(ct.c_int(6)),\
                              Force.ctypes.data_as(ct.POINTER(ct.c_double)),\
                              ct.byref(NumDof),\
                              Force_Dof.ctypes.data_as(ct.POINTER(ct.c_double)),\
                              XBNODE.Vdof.ctypes.data_as(ct.POINTER(ct.c_int)) )

            "Solve for update vector"
            "Residual"
            Qglobal += np.dot(MglobalFull, dXddt) \
                        + np.dot(Mvel,ForcedVelDot[iStep+1,:]) \
                     - np.dot(FglobalFull, Force_Dof)

            #Separate assembly of follower and dead loads
            tmpForceTime = ForceTime[iStep + 1].copy('F')
            Qforces = XbeamLib.LoadAssembly(XBINPUT, XBELEM, XBNODE, XBOPTS, NumDof, \
                                            PosIni, PsiIni, PosDefor, PsiDefor, \
                                            (XBINPUT.ForceStatic_foll + XBINPUT.ForceDyn_foll*tmpForceTime), \
                                            (XBINPUT.ForceStatic_dead + XBINPUT.ForceDyn_dead*tmpForceTime), \
                                            Cao,1)[0]

            Qglobal -= Qforces

            if XBOPTS.PrintInfo.value == True:
                sys.stdout.write('%-10.4e ' % (max(abs(Qglobal))))

            "Calculate system matrix for update calculation"
            Asys = KglobalFull + \
                      CglobalFull*gamma/(beta*dt) + \
                      MglobalFull/(beta*np.power(dt,2.0))

            "Solve for update"
            DX[:] = np.dot(np.linalg.inv(Asys), -Qglobal)

            "Corrector step"
            X += DX
            dXdt += DX * gamma / (beta * dt)
            dXddt += DX / (beta * dt**2)

            "Residual at first iteration"
            if (Iter == 1):
                Res0_Qglobal = max(max(abs(Qglobal)), 1)
                Res0_DeltaX = max(max(abs(DX)), 1)

            "Update residual and compute log10"
            Res_Qglobal = max(abs(Qglobal))
            Res_DeltaX = max(abs(DX))

            ResLog10 = max(Res_Qglobal / Res0_Qglobal,
                           Res_DeltaX / Res0_DeltaX)

            if XBOPTS.PrintInfo.value == True:
                sys.stdout.write('%-10.4e %8.4f\n' % (max(abs(DX)), ResLog10))

        "END Netwon-Raphson"

        "update to converged nodal displacements and velocities"
        BeamLib.Cbeam3_Solv_State2Disp(XBINPUT, NumNodes_tot, XBELEM, XBNODE,
                                       PosIni, PsiIni, NumDof, X, dXdt,
                                       PosDefor, PsiDefor, PosDotDef,
                                       PsiDotDef)

        PosPsiTime[iStep + 1, :3] = PosDefor[(NumNodes_tot.value - 1) / 2 +
                                             1, :]
        PosPsiTime[iStep + 1, 3:] = PsiDefor[-1, XBELEM.NumNodes[-1] - 1, :]

        "Position of all grid points in global FoR"
        i1 = (iStep + 1) * NumNodes_tot.value
        i2 = (iStep + 2) * NumNodes_tot.value
        DynOut[i1:i2, :] = PosDefor

    "END Time loop"

    "Write _dyn file"
    ofile = Settings.OutputDir + Settings.OutputFileRoot + '_SOL312_dyn.dat'
    fp = open(ofile, 'w')
    BeamIO.Write_dyn_File(fp, Time, PosPsiTime)
    fp.close()

    "Write _shape file"
    ofile = Settings.OutputDir + Settings.OutputFileRoot + '_SOL312_shape.dat'
    fp = open(ofile, 'w')
    BeamIO.Write_shape_File(fp, len(Time), NumNodes_tot.value, Time, DynOut)
    fp.close()

    if XBOPTS.PrintInfo.value == True:
        sys.stdout.write(' ... done\n')
Exemplo n.º 3
0
def Solve_F90_steps(XBINPUT, XBOPTS):
    """@brief Nonlinear dynamic structural solver with time-steps controlled
    in Python but solved using F90 routines at each time-step."""

    "Check correct solution code"
    assert XBOPTS.Solution.value == 312, ('NonlinearDynamic (F90) requested' +\
                                              ' with wrong solution code')

    "Initialise variables for static analysis"
    XBINPUT, XBOPTS, NumNodes_tot, XBELEM, PosIni, PsiIni, XBNODE, NumDof \
                = BeamInit.Static(XBINPUT, XBOPTS)

    "Change solution code to NonlinearStatic"
    XBOPTS.Solution.value = 112

    "Set initial conditions as undef config"
    PosDefor = PosIni.copy(order='F')
    PsiDefor = PsiIni.copy(order='F')

    "Solve static"
    BeamLib.Cbeam3_Solv_NonlinearStatic(XBINPUT, XBOPTS, NumNodes_tot, XBELEM,\
                            PosIni, PsiIni, XBNODE, NumDof,\
                            PosDefor, PsiDefor)

    "Write deformed configuration to file"
    ofile = Settings.OutputDir + Settings.OutputFileRoot + '_SOL312_def.dat'
    if XBOPTS.PrintInfo == True:
        sys.stdout.write('Writing file %s ... ' % (ofile))
    fp = open(ofile, 'w')
    fp.write('TITLE="Non-linear static solution: deformed geometry"\n')
    fp.write('VARIABLES="iElem" "iNode" "Px" "Py" "Pz" "Rx" "Ry" "Rz"\n')
    fp.close()
    if XBOPTS.PrintInfo == True:
        sys.stdout.write('done\n')
    WriteMode = 'a'

    BeamIO.OutputElems(XBINPUT.NumElems, NumNodes_tot.value, XBELEM, \
                       PosDefor, PsiDefor, ofile, WriteMode)

    "Change solution code to NonlinearDynamic"
    XBOPTS.Solution.value = 312

    "Initialise variables for dynamic analysis"
    Time, NumSteps, ForceTime, ForcedVel, ForcedVelDot,\
    PosDotDef, PsiDotDef,\
    OutGrids, PosPsiTime, VelocTime, DynOut\
        = BeamInit.Dynamic(XBINPUT,XBOPTS)

    "Write _force file"
    ofile = Settings.OutputDir + Settings.OutputFileRoot + '_SOL312_force.dat'
    fp = open(ofile, 'w')
    BeamIO.Write_force_File(fp, Time, ForceTime, ForcedVel, ForcedVelDot)
    fp.close()

    "Write _vel file"
    #TODO: write _vel file

    "Write .mrb file"
    #TODO: write .mrb file

    "Save time-dependant variables with only one time step (2 time-steps)"
    TimeElements = Time[0:2].copy('F')
    Ftime = ForceTime[0:2].copy('F')
    Fvel = ForcedVel[0:2, :].copy('F')
    FvelDot = ForcedVelDot[0:2, :].copy('F')

    "Create Output vectors, one for each time-step"
    PosPsiTimeStep = PosPsiTime[0:2, :].copy('F')
    VelocTimeStep = VelocTime[0:2, :].copy('F')
    DynOutStep = DynOut[0:2 * NumNodes_tot.value, :].copy('F')

    "Initialise and approximate initial accelerations as zero arrays"
    PosDotDotDef = np.zeros((NumNodes_tot.value, 3), ct.c_double, 'F')
    PsiDotDotDef = np.zeros((XBINPUT.NumElems,Settings.MaxElNod,3),\
                           ct.c_double, 'F')

    "Start Time-loop"
    for TimeStep in range(0, NumSteps.value):

        "Update 2-step time arrays"
        TimeElements = Time[TimeStep:TimeStep + 2]
        Ftime = ForceTime[TimeStep:TimeStep + 2]
        Fvel[:, :] = ForcedVel[TimeStep:TimeStep + 2, :]
        FvelDot[:, :] = ForcedVelDot[TimeStep:TimeStep + 2, :]

        "Solve dynamic step using f90 solver"
        BeamLib.Cbeam3_Solv_NonlinearDynamicAccel(XBINPUT, XBOPTS, NumNodes_tot,\
                XBELEM,PosIni, PsiIni, XBNODE, NumDof,\
                PosDefor, PsiDefor,\
                ct.c_int(1), TimeElements, Ftime, Fvel, FvelDot,\
                PosDotDef, PsiDotDef,\
                PosDotDotDef, PsiDotDotDef,\
                PosPsiTimeStep, VelocTimeStep, DynOutStep, OutGrids)

        "Append output information"
        PosPsiTime[TimeStep + 1, :] = PosPsiTimeStep[1, :]
        VelocTime[TimeStep + 1, :] = VelocTimeStep[1, :]
        DynOut[(TimeStep)*NumNodes_tot.value:(TimeStep+1)*NumNodes_tot.value-1,\
                : ] = DynOutStep[NumNodes_tot.value:2*NumNodes_tot.value-1]

    "END Time-loop"

    "Write _dyn file"
    ofile = Settings.OutputDir + Settings.OutputFileRoot + '_SOL312_dyn.dat'
    fp = open(ofile, 'w')
    BeamIO.Write_dyn_File(fp, Time, PosPsiTime)
    fp.close()

    "Write _shape file"
    ofile = Settings.OutputDir + Settings.OutputFileRoot + '_SOL312_shape.dat'
    fp = open(ofile, 'w')
    BeamIO.Write_shape_File(fp, len(Time), NumNodes_tot.value, Time, DynOut)
    fp.close()
Exemplo n.º 4
0
def Solve_Py(XBINPUT,XBOPTS,VMOPTS,VMINPUT,AELAOPTS,**kwords):
    """@brief Nonlinear dynamic solver using Python to solve aeroelastic
    equation.
    @details Assembly of structural matrices is carried out with 
    Fortran subroutines. Aerodynamics solved using PyAero\.UVLM.
    @param XBINPUT Beam inputs (for initialization in Python).
    @param XBOPTS Beam solver options (for Fortran).
    @param VMOPTS UVLM solver options (for C/C++).
    @param VMINPUT UVLM solver inputs (for initialization in Python).
    @param VMUNST Unsteady input information for aero solver.
    @param AELAOPTS Options relevant to coupled aeroelastic simulations.
    @param writeDict OrderedDict of 'name':tuple of outputs to write.
    """
        
    # Check correct solution code.
    assert XBOPTS.Solution.value == 912, ('NonlinearFlightDynamic requested' +
                                          ' with wrong solution code')
    # Initialise static beam data.
    XBINPUT, XBOPTS, NumNodes_tot, XBELEM, PosIni, PsiIni, XBNODE, NumDof \
                = BeamInit.Static(XBINPUT,XBOPTS)
                
    # Calculate initial displacements.
    if AELAOPTS.ImpStart == False:
        XBOPTS.Solution.value = 112 # Modify options.
        VMOPTS.Steady = ct.c_bool(True)
        Rollup = VMOPTS.Rollup.value
        VMOPTS.Rollup.value = False
        # Solve Static Aeroelastic.
        PosDefor, PsiDefor, Zeta, ZetaStar, Gamma, GammaStar, Force = \
                    Static.Solve_Py(XBINPUT, XBOPTS, VMOPTS, VMINPUT, AELAOPTS)
        XBOPTS.Solution.value = 912 # Reset options.
        VMOPTS.Steady = ct.c_bool(False)
        VMOPTS.Rollup.value = Rollup
    elif AELAOPTS.ImpStart == True:
        PosDefor = PosIni.copy(order='F')
        PsiDefor = PsiIni.copy(order='F')
        Force = np.zeros((XBINPUT.NumNodesTot,6),ct.c_double,'F')
        
    # Write deformed configuration to file. TODO: tidy this away inside function.
    ofile = Settings.OutputDir + Settings.OutputFileRoot + '_SOL912_def.dat'
    if XBOPTS.PrintInfo==True:
        sys.stdout.write('Writing file %s ... ' %(ofile))
    fp = open(ofile,'w')
    fp.write('TITLE="Non-linear static solution: deformed geometry"\n')
    fp.write('VARIABLES="iElem" "iNode" "Px" "Py" "Pz" "Rx" "Ry" "Rz"\n')
    fp.close()
    if XBOPTS.PrintInfo==True:
        sys.stdout.write('done\n')
    WriteMode = 'a'
    # Write
    BeamIO.OutputElems(XBINPUT.NumElems, NumNodes_tot.value, XBELEM,
                       PosDefor, PsiDefor, ofile, WriteMode)
    
    # Initialise structural variables for dynamic analysis.
    Time, NumSteps, ForceTime, Vrel, VrelDot,\
    PosDotDef, PsiDotDef,\
    OutGrids, PosPsiTime, VelocTime, DynOut\
        = BeamInit.Dynamic(XBINPUT,XBOPTS)
    # Delete unused variables.
    del OutGrids, VelocTime
    
    if XBOPTS.PrintInfo.value==True:
        sys.stdout.write('Solve nonlinear dynamic case in Python ... \n')
    
    
    #Initialise structural system tensors
    MssFull = np.zeros((NumDof.value,NumDof.value), ct.c_double, 'F')
    CssFull = np.zeros((NumDof.value,NumDof.value), ct.c_double, 'F') 
    KssFull = np.zeros((NumDof.value,NumDof.value), ct.c_double, 'F') 
    FstrucFull = np.zeros((NumDof.value,NumDof.value), ct.c_double, 'F')
    
    ms = ct.c_int()
    cs = ct.c_int()
    ks = ct.c_int()
    fs = ct.c_int()
    
    Msr = np.zeros((NumDof.value,6), ct.c_double, 'F')
    Csr = np.zeros((NumDof.value,6), ct.c_double, 'F')
    
    X     = np.zeros(NumDof.value, ct.c_double, 'F')
    dXdt  = np.zeros(NumDof.value, ct.c_double, 'F')
    Force_Dof = np.zeros(NumDof.value, ct.c_double, 'F')
    
    Qstruc = np.zeros(NumDof.value, ct.c_double, 'F')
    
    #Initialise rigid-body system tensors
    MrsFull = np.zeros((6,NumDof.value), ct.c_double, 'F')
    CrsFull = np.zeros((6,NumDof.value), ct.c_double, 'F') 
    KrsFull = np.zeros((6,NumDof.value), ct.c_double, 'F') 
    FrigidFull = np.zeros((6,NumDof.value+6), ct.c_double, 'F')
    
    mr = ct.c_int()
    cr = ct.c_int()
    kr = ct.c_int()
    fr = ct.c_int()
    
    Mrr = np.zeros((6,6), ct.c_double, 'F')
    Crr = np.zeros((6,6), ct.c_double, 'F')
        
    Qrigid = np.zeros(6, ct.c_double, 'F')
    
    #Initialise full system tensors
    Q     = np.zeros(NumDof.value+6+4, ct.c_double, 'F')
    DQ    = np.zeros(NumDof.value+6+4, ct.c_double, 'F')
    dQdt  = np.zeros(NumDof.value+6+4, ct.c_double, 'F')
    dQddt = np.zeros(NumDof.value+6+4, ct.c_double, 'F')
    Force_All = np.zeros(NumDof.value+6, ct.c_double, 'F')

    Msys = np.zeros((NumDof.value+6+4,NumDof.value+6+4), ct.c_double, 'F')
    Csys = np.zeros((NumDof.value+6+4,NumDof.value+6+4), ct.c_double, 'F') 
    Ksys = np.zeros((NumDof.value+6+4,NumDof.value+6+4), ct.c_double, 'F') 
    Asys = np.zeros((NumDof.value+6+4,NumDof.value+6+4), ct.c_double, 'F')
    
    Qsys = np.zeros(NumDof.value+6+4, ct.c_double, 'F')
    
    #Initialise rotation operators. TODO: include initial AOA here
    currVrel=Vrel[0,:].copy('F')
    AOA  = np.arctan(currVrel[2]/-currVrel[1])
    Quat = xbl.Euler2Quat(AOA,0,0)
    Cao  = xbl.Rot(Quat)
    ACoa = np.zeros((6,6), ct.c_double, 'F')
    ACoa[:3,:3] = np.transpose(Cao)
    ACoa[3:,3:] = np.transpose(Cao)
    Cqr = np.zeros((4,6), ct.c_double, 'F')
    Cqq = np.zeros((4,4), ct.c_double, 'F')
        
    Unit4 = np.zeros((4,4), ct.c_double, 'F')
    for i in range(4):
        Unit4[i,i] = 1.0
    
    # Extract initial displacements and velocities.
    BeamLib.Cbeam_Solv_Disp2State(NumNodes_tot, NumDof, XBINPUT, XBNODE,
                                  PosDefor, PsiDefor, PosDotDef, PsiDotDef,
                                  X, dXdt)
    
    # Approximate initial accelerations.
    PosDotDotDef = np.zeros((NumNodes_tot.value,3),ct.c_double,'F')
    PsiDotDotDef = np.zeros((XBINPUT.NumElems,Settings.MaxElNod,3),
                             ct.c_double, 'F')
    
    #Populate state vector
    Q[:NumDof.value]=X.copy('F')
    dQdt[:NumDof.value]=dXdt.copy('F')
    dQdt[NumDof.value:NumDof.value+6] = Vrel[0,:].copy('F')
    dQdt[NumDof.value+6:]= Quat.copy('F')
    
    #Force at the first time-step
    Force += (XBINPUT.ForceDyn*ForceTime[0]).copy('F')
    

    #Assemble matrices and loads for structural dynamic analysis
    currVrel=Vrel[0,:].copy('F')
    tmpQuat=Quat.copy('F')
    BeamLib.Cbeam3_Asbly_Dynamic(XBINPUT, NumNodes_tot, XBELEM, XBNODE,\
                         PosIni, PsiIni, PosDefor, PsiDefor,\
                         PosDotDef, PsiDotDef, PosDotDotDef, PsiDotDotDef,\
                         Force, currVrel, 0*currVrel,\
                         NumDof, Settings.DimMat,\
                         ms, MssFull, Msr,\
                         cs, CssFull, Csr,\
                         ks, KssFull, fs, FstrucFull,\
                         Qstruc, XBOPTS, Cao)
       
    BeamLib.f_fem_m2v(ct.byref(NumNodes_tot),\
                              ct.byref(ct.c_int(6)),\
                              Force.ctypes.data_as(ct.POINTER(ct.c_double)),\
                              ct.byref(NumDof),\
                              Force_Dof.ctypes.data_as(ct.POINTER(ct.c_double)),\
                              XBNODE.Vdof.ctypes.data_as(ct.POINTER(ct.c_int)) )

    Qstruc -= np.dot(FstrucFull, Force_Dof)
    
    
    #Assemble matrices for rigid-body dynamic analysis
    BeamLib.Xbeam_Asbly_Dynamic(XBINPUT, NumNodes_tot, XBELEM, XBNODE,\
                         PosIni, PsiIni, PosDefor, PsiDefor,\
                         PosDotDef, PsiDotDef, PosDotDotDef, PsiDotDotDef,\
                         currVrel, 0*currVrel, tmpQuat,\
                         NumDof, Settings.DimMat,\
                         mr, MrsFull, Mrr,\
                         cr, CrsFull, Crr, Cqr, Cqq,\
                         kr, KrsFull, fr, FrigidFull,\
                         Qrigid, XBOPTS, Cao)
    
    BeamLib.f_fem_m2v_nofilter(ct.byref(NumNodes_tot),\
                               ct.byref(ct.c_int(6)),\
                               Force.ctypes.data_as(ct.POINTER(ct.c_double)),\
                               ct.byref(ct.c_int(NumDof.value+6)),\
                               Force_All.ctypes.data_as(ct.POINTER(ct.c_double)) )

    Qrigid -= np.dot(FrigidFull, Force_All)
        
          
#     #Separate assembly of follower and dead loads   
#     tmpForceTime=ForceTime[0].copy('F') 
#     tmpQforces,Dummy,tmpQrigid = xbl.LoadAssembly(XBINPUT, XBELEM, XBNODE, XBOPTS, NumDof, \
#                                     PosIni, PsiIni, PosDefor, PsiDefor, \
#                                     (XBINPUT.ForceStatic_foll + XBINPUT.ForceDyn_foll*tmpForceTime), \
#                                     (XBINPUT.ForceStatic_dead + XBINPUT.ForceDyn_dead*tmpForceTime), \
#                                     Cao,1)
#                            
#     Qstruc -= tmpQforces      
#     Qrigid -= tmpQrigid
    
    
    #Assemble system matrices
    Msys[:NumDof.value,:NumDof.value] = MssFull.copy('F')
    Msys[:NumDof.value,NumDof.value:NumDof.value+6] = Msr.copy('F')
    Msys[NumDof.value:NumDof.value+6,:NumDof.value] = MrsFull.copy('F')
    Msys[NumDof.value:NumDof.value+6,NumDof.value:NumDof.value+6] = Mrr.copy('F')
    Msys[NumDof.value+6:,NumDof.value+6:] = Unit4.copy('F')
       
    Qsys[:NumDof.value] = Qstruc
    Qsys[NumDof.value:NumDof.value+6] = Qrigid
    Qsys[NumDof.value+6:] = np.dot(Cqq,dQdt[NumDof.value+6:])
       

    # Initial Accel.
    dQddt[:] = np.dot(np.linalg.inv(Msys), -Qsys)
    
    
    #Record position of all grid points in global FoR at initial time step
    DynOut[0:NumNodes_tot.value,:] = PosDefor
    
    #Position/rotation of the selected node in initial deformed configuration
    PosPsiTime[0,:3] = PosDefor[-1,:]
    PosPsiTime[0,3:] = PsiDefor[-1,XBELEM.NumNodes[-1]-1,:]
    
    
    #Get gamma and beta for Newmark scheme
    gamma = 0.5 + XBOPTS.NewmarkDamp.value
    beta = 0.25*(gamma + 0.5)**2
    
    
    # Initialise Aero       
    Section = InitSection(VMOPTS,VMINPUT,AELAOPTS.ElasticAxis)
    
    # Declare memory for Aero variables.
    ZetaDot = np.zeros((Section.shape[0],PosDefor.shape[0],3),ct.c_double,'C')
    K = VMOPTS.M.value*VMOPTS.N.value
    AIC = np.zeros((K,K),ct.c_double,'C')
    BIC = np.zeros((K,K),ct.c_double,'C')
    AeroForces = np.zeros((VMOPTS.M.value+1,VMOPTS.N.value+1,3),ct.c_double,'C')
    
    # Initialise A-frame location and orientation to be zero.
    OriginA_G = np.zeros(3,ct.c_double,'C')
    PsiA_G = xbl.quat2psi(Quat) # CRV at iStep
    
    # Init external velocities.  
    Ufree = InitSteadyExternalVels(VMOPTS,VMINPUT)
    if AELAOPTS.ImpStart == True:
        Zeta = np.zeros((Section.shape[0],PosDefor.shape[0],3),ct.c_double,'C')             
        Gamma = np.zeros((VMOPTS.M.value,VMOPTS.N.value),ct.c_double,'C')
        # Generate surface, wake and gamma matrices.
        CoincidentGrid(PosDefor, PsiDefor, Section, currVrel[:3], 
                       currVrel[3:], PosDotDef, PsiDotDef, XBINPUT,
                       Zeta, ZetaDot, OriginA_G, PsiA_G,
                       VMINPUT.ctrlSurf)
        # init wake grid and gamma matrix.
        ZetaStar, GammaStar = InitSteadyWake(VMOPTS,VMINPUT,Zeta,currVrel[:3])
          
    # Define tecplot stuff
    if Settings.PlotTec==True:
        FileName = Settings.OutputDir + Settings.OutputFileRoot + 'AeroGrid.dat'
        Variables = ['X', 'Y', 'Z','Gamma']        
        FileObject = PostProcess.WriteAeroTecHeader(FileName, 
                                                    'Default',
                                                    Variables)
        # Plot results of static analysis
        PostProcess.WriteUVLMtoTec(FileObject,
                                   Zeta,
                                   ZetaStar,
                                   Gamma,
                                   GammaStar,
                                   TimeStep = 0,
                                   NumTimeSteps = XBOPTS.NumLoadSteps.value,
                                   Time = 0.0,
                                   Text = True)
    
    # Open output file for writing
    if 'writeDict' in kwords and Settings.WriteOut == True:
        writeDict = kwords['writeDict']
        ofile = Settings.OutputDir + \
                Settings.OutputFileRoot + \
                '_SOL912_out.dat'
        fp = open(ofile,'w')
        fp.write("{:<14}".format("Time"))
        for output in writeDict.keys():
            fp.write("{:<14}".format(output))
        fp.write("\n")
        fp.flush()
        
    # Write initial outputs to file.
    if 'writeDict' in kwords and Settings.WriteOut == True:
        locForces = None # Stops recalculation of forces
        fp.write("{:<14,e}".format(Time[0]))
        for myStr in writeDict.keys():
            if re.search(r'^R_.',myStr):
                if re.search(r'^R_._.', myStr):
                    index = int(myStr[4])
                elif re.search(r'root', myStr):
                    index = 0
                elif re.search(r'tip', myStr):
                    index = -1
                else:
                    raise IOError("Node index not recognised.")
                
                if myStr[2] == 'x':
                    component = 0
                elif myStr[2] == 'y':
                    component = 1
                elif myStr[2] == 'z':
                    component = 2
                else:
                    raise IOError("Displacement component not recognised.")
                
                fp.write("{:<14,e}".format(PosDefor[index,component]))
                
            elif re.search(r'^M_.',myStr):
                if re.search(r'^M_._.', myStr):
                    index = int(myStr[4])
                elif re.search(r'root', myStr):
                    index = 0
                elif re.search(r'tip', myStr):
                    index = -1
                else:
                    raise IOError("Node index not recognised.")
                
                if myStr[2] == 'x':
                    component = 0
                elif myStr[2] == 'y':
                    component = 1
                elif myStr[2] == 'z':
                    component = 2
                else:
                    raise IOError("Moment component not recognised.")
                
                if locForces == None:
                    locForces = BeamIO.localElasticForces(PosDefor,
                                                          PsiDefor,
                                                          PosIni,
                                                          PsiIni,
                                                          XBELEM,
                                                          [index])
                
                fp.write("{:<14,e}".format(locForces[0,3+component]))
            else:
                raise IOError("writeDict key not recognised.")
        # END for myStr
        fp.write("\n")
        fp.flush()
    # END if write

    # Time loop.
    for iStep in range(NumSteps.value):
        
        if XBOPTS.PrintInfo.value==True:
            sys.stdout.write('Time: %-10.4e\n' %(Time[iStep+1]))
            sys.stdout.write('   SubIter DeltaF     DeltaX     ResLog10\n')
        
        #calculate dt
        dt = Time[iStep+1] - Time[iStep]
        
        # Set dt for aero force calcs.
        VMOPTS.DelTime = ct.c_double(dt)
        
        #Predictor step
        Q       += dt*dQdt + (0.5-beta)*dQddt*np.power(dt,2.0)
        dQdt    += (1.0-gamma)*dQddt*dt
        dQddt[:] = 0.0
        
        # Quaternion update for orientation.
        Quat = dQdt[NumDof.value+6:].copy('F')
        Quat = Quat/np.linalg.norm(Quat)
        Cao  = xbl.Rot(Quat)
        
        #nodal diplacements and velocities from state vector
        X=Q[:NumDof.value].copy('F') 
        dXdt=dQdt[:NumDof.value].copy('F'); 
        BeamLib.Cbeam3_Solv_State2Disp(XBINPUT,NumNodes_tot,XBELEM,XBNODE,
                                       PosIni,PsiIni,NumDof,X,dXdt,
                                       PosDefor,PsiDefor,PosDotDef,PsiDotDef)
            
        # Force at current time-step. TODO: Check communication flow. 
        if iStep > 0 and AELAOPTS.Tight == False:
            
            # zero aero forces.
            AeroForces[:,:,:] = 0.0
            
            # Update CRV.
            PsiA_G = xbl.quat2psi(Quat) # CRV at iStep
            
            # Update origin.
            currVrel=Vrel[iStep-1,:].copy('F')
            OriginA_G[:] = OriginA_G[:] + currVrel[:3]*dt
            
            # Update control surface deflection.
            if VMINPUT.ctrlSurf != None:
                VMINPUT.ctrlSurf.update(Time[iStep])
            
            # Generate surface grid.
            currVrel=Vrel[iStep,:].copy('F')
            CoincidentGrid(PosDefor, PsiDefor, Section, currVrel[:3], 
                           currVrel[3:], PosDotDef, PsiDotDef, XBINPUT,
                           Zeta, ZetaDot, OriginA_G, PsiA_G,
                           VMINPUT.ctrlSurf)
            
            # Update wake geom       
            #'roll' data.
            ZetaStar = np.roll(ZetaStar,1,axis = 0)
            GammaStar = np.roll(GammaStar,1,axis = 0)
            #overwrite grid points with TE.
            ZetaStar[0,:] = Zeta[VMOPTS.M.value,:]
            # overwrite Gamma with TE value from previous timestep.
            GammaStar[0,:] = Gamma[VMOPTS.M.value-1,:]
            
            # Apply gust velocity.
            if VMINPUT.gust != None:
                Utot = Ufree + VMINPUT.gust.Vels(Zeta)
            else:
                Utot = Ufree
            
            # Solve for AeroForces
            UVLMLib.Cpp_Solver_VLM(Zeta, ZetaDot, Utot, ZetaStar, VMOPTS, 
                           AeroForces, Gamma, GammaStar, AIC, BIC)
            
            # Apply density scaling
            AeroForces[:,:,:] = AELAOPTS.AirDensity*AeroForces[:,:,:]
            
            if Settings.PlotTec==True:
                PostProcess.WriteUVLMtoTec(FileObject,
                                           Zeta,
                                           ZetaStar,
                                           Gamma,
                                           GammaStar,
                                           TimeStep = iStep,
                                           NumTimeSteps = XBOPTS.NumLoadSteps.value,
                                           Time = Time[iStep],
                                           Text = True)

            # map AeroForces to beam.
            CoincidentGridForce(XBINPUT, PsiDefor, Section, AeroForces,
                                Force)
            
            # Add gravity loads.
            AddGravityLoads(Force, XBINPUT, XBELEM, AELAOPTS,
                            PsiDefor, VMINPUT.c)
            
            # Add thrust and other point loads
            Force += (XBINPUT.ForceStatic + 
                      XBINPUT.ForceDyn*ForceTime[iStep+1]).copy('F')
        #END if iStep > 0
            
            
        #Reset convergence parameters
        Iter = 0
        ResLog10 = 1.0
        
        
        #Newton-Raphson loop      
        while ( (ResLog10 > XBOPTS.MinDelta.value) \
                & (Iter < XBOPTS.MaxIterations.value) ):
                                    
            #set tensors to zero 
            MssFull[:,:] = 0.0; CssFull[:,:] = 0.0
            KssFull[:,:] = 0.0; FstrucFull[:,:] = 0.0
            Msr[:,:] = 0.0; Csr[:,:] = 0.0
            Qstruc[:] = 0.0
            
            MrsFull[:,:] = 0.0; CrsFull[:,:] = 0.0
            KrsFull[:,:] = 0.0; FrigidFull[:,:] = 0.0
            Mrr[:,:] = 0.0; Crr[:,:] = 0.0
            Qrigid[:] = 0.0
    
            Msys[:,:] = 0.0; Csys[:,:] = 0.0
            Ksys[:,:] = 0.0; Asys[:,:] = 0.0;
            Qsys[:] = 0.0
            
            # Update counter.
            Iter += 1
            
            if XBOPTS.PrintInfo.value==True:
                sys.stdout.write('   %-7d ' %(Iter))
                        
            #nodal diplacements and velocities from state vector
            X=Q[:NumDof.value].copy('F') 
            dXdt=dQdt[:NumDof.value].copy('F'); 
            BeamLib.Cbeam3_Solv_State2Disp(XBINPUT,
                                           NumNodes_tot,
                                           XBELEM,
                                           XBNODE,
                                           PosIni,
                                           PsiIni,
                                           NumDof,
                                           X,
                                           dXdt,
                                           PosDefor,
                                           PsiDefor,
                                           PosDotDef,
                                           PsiDotDef)


            #rigid-body velocities and orientation from state vector
            Vrel[iStep+1,:]    = dQdt[NumDof.value:NumDof.value+6].copy('F')
            VrelDot[iStep+1,:] = dQddt[NumDof.value:NumDof.value+6].copy('F')
            Quat = dQdt[NumDof.value+6:].copy('F')
            Quat = Quat/np.linalg.norm(Quat)
            Cao  = xbl.Rot(Quat)


            #Update matrices and loads for structural dynamic analysis
            tmpVrel=Vrel[iStep+1,:].copy('F')
            tmpQuat=Quat.copy('F')
            BeamLib.Cbeam3_Asbly_Dynamic(XBINPUT, NumNodes_tot, XBELEM, XBNODE,\
                                 PosIni, PsiIni, PosDefor, PsiDefor,\
                                 PosDotDef, PsiDotDef, PosDotDotDef, PsiDotDotDef,\
                                 Force, tmpVrel, 0*tmpVrel,\
                                 NumDof, Settings.DimMat,\
                                 ms, MssFull, Msr,\
                                 cs, CssFull, Csr,\
                                 ks, KssFull, fs, FstrucFull,\
                                 Qstruc, XBOPTS, Cao)
            
            BeamLib.f_fem_m2v(ct.byref(NumNodes_tot),\
                              ct.byref(ct.c_int(6)),\
                              Force.ctypes.data_as(ct.POINTER(ct.c_double)),\
                              ct.byref(NumDof),\
                              Force_Dof.ctypes.data_as(ct.POINTER(ct.c_double)),\
                              XBNODE.Vdof.ctypes.data_as(ct.POINTER(ct.c_int)) )
                    
            
            #Update matrices for rigid-body dynamic analysis
            BeamLib.Xbeam_Asbly_Dynamic(XBINPUT, NumNodes_tot, XBELEM, XBNODE,\
                                 PosIni, PsiIni, PosDefor, PsiDefor,\
                                 PosDotDef, PsiDotDef, PosDotDotDef, PsiDotDotDef,\
                                 tmpVrel, 0*tmpVrel, tmpQuat,\
                                 NumDof, Settings.DimMat,\
                                 mr, MrsFull, Mrr,\
                                 cr, CrsFull, Crr, Cqr, Cqq,\
                                 kr, KrsFull, fs, FrigidFull,\
                                 Qrigid, XBOPTS, Cao)
    
            BeamLib.f_fem_m2v_nofilter(ct.byref(NumNodes_tot),\
                                       ct.byref(ct.c_int(6)),\
                                       Force.ctypes.data_as(ct.POINTER(ct.c_double)),\
                                       ct.byref(ct.c_int(NumDof.value+6)),\
                                       Force_All.ctypes.data_as(ct.POINTER(ct.c_double)) )
        
        
            #Residual at first iteration
            if(Iter == 1):
                Res0_Qglobal = max(max(abs(Qsys)),1)
                Res0_DeltaX  = max(max(abs(DQ)),1)
              
            
            #Assemble discrete system matrices with linearised quaternion equations          
            Msys[:NumDof.value,:NumDof.value] = MssFull.copy('F')
            Msys[:NumDof.value,NumDof.value:NumDof.value+6] = Msr.copy('F')
            Msys[NumDof.value:NumDof.value+6,:NumDof.value] = MrsFull.copy('F')
            Msys[NumDof.value:NumDof.value+6,NumDof.value:NumDof.value+6] = Mrr.copy('F')
            Msys[NumDof.value+6:,NumDof.value+6:] = Unit4.copy('F')
            
            Csys[:NumDof.value,:NumDof.value] = CssFull.copy('F')
            Csys[:NumDof.value,NumDof.value:NumDof.value+6] = Csr.copy('F')
            Csys[NumDof.value:NumDof.value+6,:NumDof.value] = CrsFull.copy('F')
            Csys[NumDof.value:NumDof.value+6,NumDof.value:NumDof.value+6] = Crr.copy('F')
            
            Csys[NumDof.value+6:,NumDof.value:NumDof.value+6] = Cqr.copy('F')
            Csys[NumDof.value+6:,NumDof.value+6:] = Cqq.copy('F')
            
            Ksys[:NumDof.value,:NumDof.value] = KssFull.copy('F')
            Ksys[NumDof.value:NumDof.value+6,:NumDof.value] = KrsFull.copy('F')
            
          
#             #Separate assembly of follower and dead loads   
#             tmpForceTime=ForceTime[iStep+1].copy('F') 
#             tmpQforces,Dummy,tmpQrigid = xbl.LoadAssembly(XBINPUT, XBELEM, XBNODE, XBOPTS, NumDof, \
#                                             PosIni, PsiIni, PosDefor, PsiDefor, \
#                                             (XBINPUT.ForceStatic_foll + XBINPUT.ForceDyn_foll*tmpForceTime), \
#                                             (XBINPUT.ForceStatic_dead + XBINPUT.ForceDyn_dead*tmpForceTime), \
#                                             Cao,1)
#                                    
#             Qstruc -= tmpQforces      
#             Qrigid -= tmpQrigid
    
            
            #Compute residual to solve update vector
            Qstruc += -np.dot(FstrucFull, Force_Dof)
            Qrigid += -np.dot(FrigidFull, Force_All)
            
            Qsys[:NumDof.value] = Qstruc
            Qsys[NumDof.value:NumDof.value+6] = Qrigid
            Qsys[NumDof.value+6:] = np.dot(Cqq,dQdt[NumDof.value+6:])
            
            Qsys += np.dot(Msys,dQddt)

                
            #Calculate system matrix for update calculation
            Asys = Ksys + \
                      Csys*gamma/(beta*dt) + \
                      Msys/(beta*dt**2)
                      
            
            #Compute correction
            DQ[:] = np.dot(np.linalg.inv(Asys), -Qsys)

            Q += DQ
            dQdt += DQ*gamma/(beta*dt)
            dQddt += DQ/(beta*dt**2)
            
            
            #Update convergence criteria
            if XBOPTS.PrintInfo.value==True:                 
                sys.stdout.write('%-10.4e ' %(max(abs(Qsys))))
            
            Res_Qglobal = max(abs(Qsys))
            Res_DeltaX  = max(abs(DQ))
            
            ResLog10 = max(Res_Qglobal/Res0_Qglobal,Res_DeltaX/Res0_DeltaX)
            
            if XBOPTS.PrintInfo.value==True:
                sys.stdout.write('%-10.4e %8.4f\n' %(max(abs(DQ)),ResLog10))

        # END Netwon-Raphson.
                
                
        #update to converged nodal displacements and velocities
        X=Q[:NumDof.value].copy('F') 
        dXdt=dQdt[:NumDof.value].copy('F'); 
        BeamLib.Cbeam3_Solv_State2Disp(XBINPUT, NumNodes_tot, XBELEM, XBNODE,
                           PosIni, PsiIni, NumDof, X, dXdt,\
                           PosDefor, PsiDefor, PosDotDef, PsiDotDef)
        
        PosPsiTime[iStep+1,:3] = PosDefor[-1,:]
        PosPsiTime[iStep+1,3:] = PsiDefor[-1,XBELEM.NumNodes[-1]-1,:]
        
        #Position of all grid points in global FoR
        i1 = (iStep+1)*NumNodes_tot.value
        i2 = (iStep+2)*NumNodes_tot.value
        DynOut[i1:i2,:] = PosDefor
        
        #Export rigid-body velocities/accelerations
        if XBOPTS.OutInaframe.value==True:
            Vrel[iStep,:] = dQdt[NumDof.value:NumDof.value+6].copy('F')
            VrelDot[iStep,:] = dQddt[NumDof.value:NumDof.value+6].copy('F')
        else:
            Quat = dQdt[NumDof.value+6:].copy('F')
            Quat = Quat/np.linalg.norm(Quat)
            Cao  = xbl.Rot(Quat)
            ACoa[:3,:3] = np.transpose(Cao)
            ACoa[3:,3:] = np.transpose(Cao)
            
            Vrel[iStep,:] = np.dot(ACoa,dQdt[NumDof.value:NumDof.value+6].copy('F'))
            VrelDot[iStep,:] = np.dot(ACoa,dQddt[NumDof.value:NumDof.value+6].copy('F'))
            
        # Write selected outputs
        # tidy this away using function.
        if 'writeDict' in kwords and Settings.WriteOut == True:
            locForces = None # Stops recalculation of forces
            fp.write("{:<14,e}".format(Time[iStep+1]))
            for myStr in writeDict.keys():
                if re.search(r'^R_.',myStr):
                    if re.search(r'^R_._.', myStr):
                        index = int(myStr[4])
                    elif re.search(r'root', myStr):
                        index = 0
                    elif re.search(r'tip', myStr):
                        index = -1
                    else:
                        raise IOError("Node index not recognised.")
                    
                    if myStr[2] == 'x':
                        component = 0
                    elif myStr[2] == 'y':
                        component = 1
                    elif myStr[2] == 'z':
                        component = 2
                    else:
                        raise IOError("Displacement component not recognised.")
                    
                    fp.write("{:<14,e}".format(PosDefor[index,component]))
                    
                elif re.search(r'^M_.',myStr):
                    if re.search(r'^M_._.', myStr):
                        index = int(myStr[4])
                    elif re.search(r'root', myStr):
                        index = 0
                    elif re.search(r'tip', myStr):
                        index = -1
                    else:
                        raise IOError("Node index not recognised.")
                    
                    if myStr[2] == 'x':
                        component = 0
                    elif myStr[2] == 'y':
                        component = 1
                    elif myStr[2] == 'z':
                        component = 2
                    else:
                        raise IOError("Moment component not recognised.")
                    
                    if locForces == None:
                        locForces = BeamIO.localElasticForces(PosDefor,
                                                              PsiDefor,
                                                              PosIni,
                                                              PsiIni,
                                                              XBELEM,
                                                              [index])
                    
                    fp.write("{:<14,e}".format(locForces[0,3+component]))
                else:
                    raise IOError("writeDict key not recognised.")
            # END for myStr
            fp.write("\n")
            fp.flush()
                    
        # 'Rollup' due to external velocities. TODO: Must add gusts here!
        ZetaStar[:,:] = ZetaStar[:,:] + VMINPUT.U_infty*dt
    
    # END Time loop
    
    # Write _dyn file.
    ofile = Settings.OutputDir + Settings.OutputFileRoot + '_SOL912_dyn.dat'
    fp = open(ofile,'w')
    BeamIO.Write_dyn_File(fp, Time, PosPsiTime)
    fp.close()
    
    #Write _shape file
    ofile = Settings.OutputDir + Settings.OutputFileRoot + '_SOL912_shape.dat'
    fp = open(ofile,'w')
    BeamIO.Write_shape_File(fp, len(Time), NumNodes_tot.value, Time, DynOut)
    fp.close()
    
    #Write rigid-body velocities
    ofile = Settings.OutputDir + Settings.OutputFileRoot + '_SOL912_rigid.dat'
    fp = open(ofile,'w')
    BeamIO.Write_rigid_File(fp, Time, Vrel, VrelDot)
    fp.close()
    
    # Close output file if it exists.
    if 'writeDict' in kwords and Settings.WriteOut == True:
        fp.close()
    
    # Close Tecplot ascii FileObject.
    if Settings.PlotTec==True:
        PostProcess.CloseAeroTecFile(FileObject)
    
    if XBOPTS.PrintInfo.value==True:
        sys.stdout.write(' ... done\n')
        
    # For interactive analysis at end of simulation set breakpoint.
    pass
Exemplo n.º 5
0
def Solve_F90(XBINPUT, XBOPTS):
    """@brief Nonlinear dynamic structural solver using f90 solve routine."""

    #Check correct solution code
    assert XBOPTS.Solution.value == 912, ('NonlinearDynamic (F90) requested' +\
                                              ' with wrong solution code')

    #Initialise variables for static analysis
    XBINPUT, XBOPTS, NumNodes_tot, XBELEM, PosIni, PsiIni, XBNODE, NumDof \
                = BeamInit.Static(XBINPUT, XBOPTS)

    #Change solution code to NonlinearStatic
    XBOPTS.Solution.value = 112

    #Set initial conditions as undef config
    PosDefor = PosIni.copy(order='F')
    PsiDefor = PsiIni.copy(order='F')

    #Solve static
    BeamLib.Cbeam3_Solv_NonlinearStatic(XBINPUT, XBOPTS, NumNodes_tot, XBELEM,\
                            PosIni, PsiIni, XBNODE, NumDof,\
                            PosDefor, PsiDefor)

    #Change solution code back to NonlinearDynamic
    XBOPTS.Solution.value = 912

    #Write deformed configuration to file
    ofile = Settings.OutputDir + Settings.OutputFileRoot + '_SOL912_def.dat'
    if XBOPTS.PrintInfo == True:
        sys.stdout.write('Writing file %s ... ' % (ofile))
    fp = open(ofile, 'w')
    fp.write('TITLE="Non-linear static solution: deformed geometry"\n')
    fp.write('VARIABLES="iElem" "iNode" "Px" "Py" "Pz" "Rx" "Ry" "Rz"\n')
    fp.close()
    if XBOPTS.PrintInfo == True:
        sys.stdout.write('done\n')
    WriteMode = 'a'

    BeamIO.OutputElems(XBINPUT.NumElems, NumNodes_tot.value, XBELEM, \
                       PosDefor, PsiDefor, ofile, WriteMode)

    #Initialise variables for dynamic analysis
    Time, NumSteps, ForceTime, ForcedVel, ForcedVelDot,\
    PosDotDef, PsiDotDef,\
    OutGrids, PosPsiTime, VelocTime, DynOut\
        = BeamInit.Dynamic(XBINPUT,XBOPTS, NumNodes_tot)
    # Delete unused variables.
    del PosPsiTime, VelocTime

    #Initialise quaternions for rigid-body dynamics
    Quat = np.zeros(4, ct.c_double, 'F')
    Quat[0] = 1.0

    #Write _force file
    ofile = Settings.OutputDir + Settings.OutputFileRoot + '_SOL912_force.dat'
    fp = open(ofile, 'w')
    BeamIO.Write_force_File(fp, Time, ForceTime, ForcedVel, ForcedVelDot)
    fp.close()

    #Solve dynamic using f90 solver
    BeamLib.Xbeam_Solv_FreeNonlinDynamic(XBINPUT, XBOPTS, NumNodes_tot, XBELEM,\
            PosIni, PsiIni, XBNODE, NumDof,\
            PosDefor, PsiDefor, Quat,\
            NumSteps, Time, ForceTime, ForcedVel, ForcedVelDot,\
            PosDotDef, PsiDotDef, DynOut, OutGrids)

    #Write _shape file
    ofile = Settings.OutputDir + Settings.OutputFileRoot + '_SOL912_shape.dat'
    fp = open(ofile, 'w')
    BeamIO.Write_shape_File(fp, len(Time), NumNodes_tot.value, Time, DynOut)
    fp.close()

    #Write rigid-body velocities
    ofile = Settings.OutputDir + Settings.OutputFileRoot + '_SOL912_rigid.dat'
    fp = open(ofile, 'w')
    BeamIO.Write_rigid_File(fp, Time, ForcedVel, ForcedVelDot)
    fp.close()
Exemplo n.º 6
0
def Solve_Py(XBINPUT, XBOPTS):
    """Nonlinear dynamic structural solver in Python. Assembly of matrices 
    is carried out with Fortran subroutines."""

    #Check correct solution code
    assert XBOPTS.Solution.value == 912, ('NonlinearDynamic requested' +\
                                              ' with wrong solution code')

    #Initialise beam
    XBINPUT, XBOPTS, NumNodes_tot, XBELEM, PosIni, PsiIni, XBNODE, NumDof \
                = BeamInit.Static(XBINPUT,XBOPTS)

    #Solve static
    XBOPTS.Solution.value = 112
    PosDefor, PsiDefor = Solve_Py_Static(XBINPUT, XBOPTS)
    XBOPTS.Solution.value = 912

    #Write deformed configuration to file
    ofile = Settings.OutputDir + Settings.OutputFileRoot + '_SOL912_def.dat'
    if XBOPTS.PrintInfo == True:
        sys.stdout.write('Writing file %s ... ' % (ofile))
    fp = open(ofile, 'w')
    fp.write('TITLE="Non-linear static solution: deformed geometry"\n')
    fp.write('VARIABLES="iElem" "iNode" "Px" "Py" "Pz" "Rx" "Ry" "Rz"\n')
    fp.close()
    if XBOPTS.PrintInfo == True:
        sys.stdout.write('done\n')
    WriteMode = 'a'

    BeamIO.OutputElems(XBINPUT.NumElems, NumNodes_tot.value, XBELEM, \
                       PosDefor, PsiDefor, ofile, WriteMode)

    #Initialise variables for dynamic analysis
    Time, NumSteps, ForceTime, Vrel, VrelDot,\
    PosDotDef, PsiDotDef,\
    OutGrids, PosPsiTime, VelocTime, DynOut\
        = BeamInit.Dynamic(XBINPUT,XBOPTS)
    # Delete unused variables.
    del OutGrids, VelocTime

    #Write _force file
    ofile = Settings.OutputDir + Settings.OutputFileRoot + '_SOL912_force.dat'
    fp = open(ofile, 'w')
    BeamIO.Write_force_File(fp, Time, ForceTime, Vrel, VrelDot)
    fp.close()

    if XBOPTS.PrintInfo.value == True:
        sys.stdout.write('Solve nonlinear dynamic case in Python ... \n')

    #Initialise structural system tensors
    MssFull = np.zeros((NumDof.value, NumDof.value), ct.c_double, 'F')
    CssFull = np.zeros((NumDof.value, NumDof.value), ct.c_double, 'F')
    KssFull = np.zeros((NumDof.value, NumDof.value), ct.c_double, 'F')
    FstrucFull = np.zeros((NumDof.value, NumDof.value), ct.c_double, 'F')

    ms = ct.c_int()
    cs = ct.c_int()
    ks = ct.c_int()
    fs = ct.c_int()

    Msr = np.zeros((NumDof.value, 6), ct.c_double, 'F')
    Csr = np.zeros((NumDof.value, 6), ct.c_double, 'F')

    X = np.zeros(NumDof.value, ct.c_double, 'F')
    dXdt = np.zeros(NumDof.value, ct.c_double, 'F')
    Force_Dof = np.zeros(NumDof.value, ct.c_double, 'F')

    Qstruc = np.zeros(NumDof.value, ct.c_double, 'F')

    #Initialise rigid-body system tensors
    MrsFull = np.zeros((6, NumDof.value), ct.c_double, 'F')
    CrsFull = np.zeros((6, NumDof.value), ct.c_double, 'F')
    KrsFull = np.zeros((6, NumDof.value), ct.c_double, 'F')
    FrigidFull = np.zeros((6, NumDof.value + 6), ct.c_double, 'F')

    mr = ct.c_int()
    cr = ct.c_int()
    kr = ct.c_int()
    fr = ct.c_int()

    Mrr = np.zeros((6, 6), ct.c_double, 'F')
    Crr = np.zeros((6, 6), ct.c_double, 'F')

    Qrigid = np.zeros(6, ct.c_double, 'F')

    #Initialise full system tensors
    Q = np.zeros(NumDof.value + 6 + 4, ct.c_double, 'F')
    DQ = np.zeros(NumDof.value + 6 + 4, ct.c_double, 'F')
    dQdt = np.zeros(NumDof.value + 6 + 4, ct.c_double, 'F')
    dQddt = np.zeros(NumDof.value + 6 + 4, ct.c_double, 'F')
    Force_All = np.zeros(NumDof.value + 6, ct.c_double, 'F')

    Msys = np.zeros((NumDof.value + 6 + 4, NumDof.value + 6 + 4), ct.c_double,
                    'F')
    Csys = np.zeros((NumDof.value + 6 + 4, NumDof.value + 6 + 4), ct.c_double,
                    'F')
    Ksys = np.zeros((NumDof.value + 6 + 4, NumDof.value + 6 + 4), ct.c_double,
                    'F')
    Asys = np.zeros((NumDof.value + 6 + 4, NumDof.value + 6 + 4), ct.c_double,
                    'F')

    Qsys = np.zeros(NumDof.value + 6 + 4, ct.c_double, 'F')

    #Initialise rotation operators
    Quat = np.zeros(4, ct.c_double, 'F')
    Quat[0] = 1.0
    Cao = XbeamLib.Rot(Quat)
    ACoa = np.zeros((6, 6), ct.c_double, 'F')
    Cqr = np.zeros((4, 6), ct.c_double, 'F')
    Cqq = np.zeros((4, 4), ct.c_double, 'F')

    Unit4 = np.zeros((4, 4), ct.c_double, 'F')
    for i in range(4):
        Unit4[i, i] = 1.0

    #Extract initial displacements and velocities
    BeamLib.Cbeam_Solv_Disp2State(NumNodes_tot, NumDof, XBINPUT, XBNODE,\
                          PosDefor, PsiDefor, PosDotDef, PsiDotDef,
                          X, dXdt)

    #Initialise accelerations as zero arrays
    PosDotDotDef = np.zeros((NumNodes_tot.value, 3), ct.c_double, 'F')
    PsiDotDotDef = np.zeros((XBINPUT.NumElems,Settings.MaxElNod,3),\
                             ct.c_double, 'F')

    #Populate state vector
    Q[:NumDof.value] = X.copy('F')
    dQdt[:NumDof.value] = dXdt.copy('F')
    dQdt[NumDof.value:NumDof.value + 6] = Vrel[0, :].copy('F')
    dQdt[NumDof.value + 6:] = Quat.copy('F')

    #Force at the first time-step
    Force = (XBINPUT.ForceStatic + XBINPUT.ForceDyn * ForceTime[0]).copy('F')

    #Assemble matrices and loads for structural dynamic analysis
    tmpVrel = Vrel[0, :].copy('F')
    tmpQuat = Quat.copy('F')
    BeamLib.Cbeam3_Asbly_Dynamic(XBINPUT, NumNodes_tot, XBELEM, XBNODE,\
                         PosIni, PsiIni, PosDefor, PsiDefor,\
                         PosDotDef, PsiDotDef, PosDotDotDef, PsiDotDotDef,\
                         Force, tmpVrel, 0*tmpVrel,\
                         NumDof, Settings.DimMat,\
                         ms, MssFull, Msr,\
                         cs, CssFull, Csr,\
                         ks, KssFull, fs, FstrucFull,\
                         Qstruc, XBOPTS, Cao)

    BeamLib.f_fem_m2v(ct.byref(NumNodes_tot),\
                              ct.byref(ct.c_int(6)),\
                              Force.ctypes.data_as(ct.POINTER(ct.c_double)),\
                              ct.byref(NumDof),\
                              Force_Dof.ctypes.data_as(ct.POINTER(ct.c_double)),\
                              XBNODE.Vdof.ctypes.data_as(ct.POINTER(ct.c_int)) )

    Qstruc -= np.dot(FstrucFull, Force_Dof)

    #Assemble matrices for rigid-body dynamic analysis
    BeamLib.Xbeam_Asbly_Dynamic(XBINPUT, NumNodes_tot, XBELEM, XBNODE,\
                         PosIni, PsiIni, PosDefor, PsiDefor,\
                         PosDotDef, PsiDotDef, PosDotDotDef, PsiDotDotDef,\
                         tmpVrel, 0*tmpVrel, tmpQuat,\
                         NumDof, Settings.DimMat,\
                         mr, MrsFull, Mrr,\
                         cr, CrsFull, Crr, Cqr, Cqq,\
                         kr, KrsFull, fr, FrigidFull,\
                         Qrigid, XBOPTS, Cao)

    BeamLib.f_fem_m2v_nofilter(ct.byref(NumNodes_tot),\
                               ct.byref(ct.c_int(6)),\
                               Force.ctypes.data_as(ct.POINTER(ct.c_double)),\
                               ct.byref(ct.c_int(NumDof.value+6)),\
                               Force_All.ctypes.data_as(ct.POINTER(ct.c_double)) )

    Qrigid -= np.dot(FrigidFull, Force_All)

    #Separate assembly of follower and dead loads
    tmpForceTime = ForceTime[0].copy('F')
    tmpQforces,Dummy,tmpQrigid = XbeamLib.LoadAssembly(XBINPUT, XBELEM, XBNODE, XBOPTS, NumDof, \
                                    PosIni, PsiIni, PosDefor, PsiDefor, \
                                    (XBINPUT.ForceStatic_foll + XBINPUT.ForceDyn_foll*tmpForceTime), \
                                    (XBINPUT.ForceStatic_dead + XBINPUT.ForceDyn_dead*tmpForceTime), \
                                    Cao,1)

    Qstruc -= tmpQforces
    Qrigid -= tmpQrigid

    #Assemble system matrices
    Msys[:NumDof.value, :NumDof.value] = MssFull.copy('F')
    Msys[:NumDof.value, NumDof.value:NumDof.value + 6] = Msr.copy('F')
    Msys[NumDof.value:NumDof.value + 6, :NumDof.value] = MrsFull.copy('F')
    Msys[NumDof.value:NumDof.value + 6,
         NumDof.value:NumDof.value + 6] = Mrr.copy('F')
    Msys[NumDof.value + 6:, NumDof.value + 6:] = Unit4.copy('F')

    Qsys[:NumDof.value] = Qstruc
    Qsys[NumDof.value:NumDof.value + 6] = Qrigid
    Qsys[NumDof.value + 6:] = np.dot(Cqq, dQdt[NumDof.value + 6:])

    #Initial Accel
    dQddt[:] = np.dot(np.linalg.inv(Msys), -Qsys)

    #Record position of all grid points in global FoR at initial time step
    DynOut[0:NumNodes_tot.value, :] = PosDefor

    #Position/rotation of the selected node in initial deformed configuration
    PosPsiTime[0, :3] = PosDefor[-1, :]
    PosPsiTime[0, 3:] = PsiDefor[-1, XBELEM.NumNodes[-1] - 1, :]

    #Get gamma and beta for Newmark scheme
    gamma = 0.5 + XBOPTS.NewmarkDamp.value
    beta = 0.25 * (gamma + 0.5)**2

    #Time loop
    for iStep in range(NumSteps.value):

        if XBOPTS.PrintInfo.value == True:
            sys.stdout.write('  Time: %-10.4e\n' % (Time[iStep + 1]))
            sys.stdout.write('   SubIter DeltaF     DeltaX     ResLog10\n')

        #calculate dt
        dt = Time[iStep + 1] - Time[iStep]

        #Predictor step
        Q += dt * dQdt + (0.5 - beta) * dQddt * dt**2
        dQdt += (1.0 - gamma) * dQddt * dt
        dQddt[:] = 0.0

        #Force at current time-step
        Force = (XBINPUT.ForceStatic + \
                 XBINPUT.ForceDyn*ForceTime[iStep+1]).copy('F')

        #Reset convergence parameters
        Iter = 0
        ResLog10 = 1.0

        #Newton-Raphson loop
        while ( (ResLog10 > XBOPTS.MinDelta.value) \
                & (Iter < XBOPTS.MaxIterations.value) ):

            #set tensors to zero
            MssFull[:, :] = 0.0
            CssFull[:, :] = 0.0
            KssFull[:, :] = 0.0
            FstrucFull[:, :] = 0.0
            Msr[:, :] = 0.0
            Csr[:, :] = 0.0
            Qstruc[:] = 0.0

            MrsFull[:, :] = 0.0
            CrsFull[:, :] = 0.0
            KrsFull[:, :] = 0.0
            FrigidFull[:, :] = 0.0
            Mrr[:, :] = 0.0
            Crr[:, :] = 0.0
            Qrigid[:] = 0.0

            Msys[:, :] = 0.0
            Csys[:, :] = 0.0
            Ksys[:, :] = 0.0
            Asys[:, :] = 0.0
            Qsys[:] = 0.0

            #Update counter
            Iter += 1

            if XBOPTS.PrintInfo.value == True:
                sys.stdout.write('   %-7d ' % (Iter))

            #nodal diplacements and velocities from state vector
            X = Q[:NumDof.value].copy('F')
            dXdt = dQdt[:NumDof.value].copy('F')
            BeamLib.Cbeam3_Solv_State2Disp(XBINPUT, NumNodes_tot, XBELEM, XBNODE,
                           PosIni, PsiIni, NumDof, X, dXdt,\
                           PosDefor, PsiDefor, PosDotDef, PsiDotDef)

            #rigid-body velocities and orientation from state vector
            Vrel[iStep + 1, :] = dQdt[NumDof.value:NumDof.value + 6].copy('F')
            VrelDot[iStep + 1, :] = dQddt[NumDof.value:NumDof.value +
                                          6].copy('F')
            Quat = dQdt[NumDof.value + 6:].copy('F')
            Quat = Quat / np.linalg.norm(Quat)
            Cao = XbeamLib.Rot(Quat)

            #Assemble matrices and loads for structural dynamic analysis
            tmpVrel = Vrel[iStep + 1, :].copy('F')
            tmpQuat = Quat.copy('F')
            BeamLib.Cbeam3_Asbly_Dynamic(XBINPUT, NumNodes_tot, XBELEM, XBNODE,\
                                 PosIni, PsiIni, PosDefor, PsiDefor,\
                                 PosDotDef, PsiDotDef, PosDotDotDef, PsiDotDotDef,\
                                 Force, tmpVrel, 0*tmpVrel,\
                                 NumDof, Settings.DimMat,\
                                 ms, MssFull, Msr,\
                                 cs, CssFull, Csr,\
                                 ks, KssFull, fs, FstrucFull,\
                                 Qstruc, XBOPTS, Cao)

            BeamLib.f_fem_m2v(ct.byref(NumNodes_tot),\
                              ct.byref(ct.c_int(6)),\
                              Force.ctypes.data_as(ct.POINTER(ct.c_double)),\
                              ct.byref(NumDof),\
                              Force_Dof.ctypes.data_as(ct.POINTER(ct.c_double)),\
                              XBNODE.Vdof.ctypes.data_as(ct.POINTER(ct.c_int)) )

            #Assemble matrices for rigid-body dynamic analysis
            BeamLib.Xbeam_Asbly_Dynamic(XBINPUT, NumNodes_tot, XBELEM, XBNODE,\
                                 PosIni, PsiIni, PosDefor, PsiDefor,\
                                 PosDotDef, PsiDotDef, PosDotDotDef, PsiDotDotDef,\
                                 tmpVrel, 0*tmpVrel, tmpQuat,\
                                 NumDof, Settings.DimMat,\
                                 mr, MrsFull, Mrr,\
                                 cr, CrsFull, Crr, Cqr, Cqq,\
                                 kr, KrsFull, fs, FrigidFull,\
                                 Qrigid, XBOPTS, Cao)

            BeamLib.f_fem_m2v_nofilter(ct.byref(NumNodes_tot),\
                                       ct.byref(ct.c_int(6)),\
                                       Force.ctypes.data_as(ct.POINTER(ct.c_double)),\
                                       ct.byref(ct.c_int(NumDof.value+6)),\
                                       Force_All.ctypes.data_as(ct.POINTER(ct.c_double)) )

            #Residual at first iteration
            if (Iter == 1):
                Res0_Qglobal = max(max(abs(Qsys)), 1)
                Res0_DeltaX = max(max(abs(DQ)), 1)

            #Assemble discrete system matrices with linearised quaternion equations
            Msys[:NumDof.value, :NumDof.value] = MssFull.copy('F')
            Msys[:NumDof.value, NumDof.value:NumDof.value + 6] = Msr.copy('F')
            Msys[NumDof.value:NumDof.value +
                 6, :NumDof.value] = MrsFull.copy('F')
            Msys[NumDof.value:NumDof.value + 6,
                 NumDof.value:NumDof.value + 6] = Mrr.copy('F')
            Msys[NumDof.value + 6:, NumDof.value + 6:] = Unit4.copy('F')

            Csys[:NumDof.value, :NumDof.value] = CssFull.copy('F')
            Csys[:NumDof.value, NumDof.value:NumDof.value + 6] = Csr.copy('F')
            Csys[NumDof.value:NumDof.value +
                 6, :NumDof.value] = CrsFull.copy('F')
            Csys[NumDof.value:NumDof.value + 6,
                 NumDof.value:NumDof.value + 6] = Crr.copy('F')

            Csys[NumDof.value + 6:,
                 NumDof.value:NumDof.value + 6] = Cqr.copy('F')
            Csys[NumDof.value + 6:, NumDof.value + 6:] = Cqq.copy('F')

            Ksys[:NumDof.value, :NumDof.value] = KssFull.copy('F')
            Ksys[NumDof.value:NumDof.value +
                 6, :NumDof.value] = KrsFull.copy('F')

            #Separate assembly of follower and dead loads
            tmpForceTime = ForceTime[iStep + 1].copy('F')
            tmpQforces,Dummy,tmpQrigid = XbeamLib.LoadAssembly(XBINPUT, XBELEM, XBNODE, XBOPTS, NumDof, \
                                            PosIni, PsiIni, PosDefor, PsiDefor, \
                                            (XBINPUT.ForceStatic_foll + XBINPUT.ForceDyn_foll*tmpForceTime), \
                                            (XBINPUT.ForceStatic_dead + XBINPUT.ForceDyn_dead*tmpForceTime), \
                                            Cao,1)

            Qstruc -= tmpQforces
            Qrigid -= tmpQrigid

            #Compute residual
            Qstruc += -np.dot(FstrucFull, Force_Dof)
            Qrigid += -np.dot(FrigidFull, Force_All)

            Qsys[:NumDof.value] = Qstruc
            Qsys[NumDof.value:NumDof.value + 6] = Qrigid
            Qsys[NumDof.value + 6:] = np.dot(Cqq, dQdt[NumDof.value + 6:])

            Qsys += np.dot(Msys, dQddt)

            #Calculate system matrix for update calculation
            Asys = Ksys + \
                      Csys*gamma/(beta*dt) + \
                      Msys/(beta*dt**2)

            #Compute correction
            DQ[:] = np.dot(np.linalg.inv(Asys), -Qsys)

            Q += DQ
            dQdt += DQ * gamma / (beta * dt)
            dQddt += DQ / (beta * dt**2)

            #Update convergence criteria
            if XBOPTS.PrintInfo.value == True:
                sys.stdout.write('%-10.4e ' % (max(abs(Qsys))))

            Res_Qglobal = max(abs(Qsys))
            Res_DeltaX = max(abs(DQ))

            ResLog10 = max(Res_Qglobal / Res0_Qglobal,
                           Res_DeltaX / Res0_DeltaX)

            if XBOPTS.PrintInfo.value == True:
                sys.stdout.write('%-10.4e %8.4f\n' % (max(abs(DQ)), ResLog10))

        #END Netwon-Raphson

        #update to converged nodal displacements and velocities
        X = Q[:NumDof.value].copy('F')
        dXdt = dQdt[:NumDof.value].copy('F')
        BeamLib.Cbeam3_Solv_State2Disp(XBINPUT, NumNodes_tot, XBELEM, XBNODE,
                           PosIni, PsiIni, NumDof, X, dXdt,\
                           PosDefor, PsiDefor, PosDotDef, PsiDotDef)

        PosPsiTime[iStep + 1, :3] = PosDefor[(NumNodes_tot.value - 1) / 2 +
                                             1, :]
        PosPsiTime[iStep + 1, 3:] = PsiDefor[-1, XBELEM.NumNodes[-1] - 1, :]

        #Position of all grid points in global FoR
        i1 = (iStep + 1) * NumNodes_tot.value
        i2 = (iStep + 2) * NumNodes_tot.value
        DynOut[i1:i2, :] = PosDefor

        #Export rigid-body velocities/accelerations
        if XBOPTS.OutInaframe.value == True:
            Vrel[iStep + 1, :] = dQdt[NumDof.value:NumDof.value + 6].copy('F')
            VrelDot[iStep + 1, :] = dQddt[NumDof.value:NumDof.value +
                                          6].copy('F')
        else:
            Quat = dQdt[NumDof.value + 6:].copy('F')
            Quat = Quat / np.linalg.norm(Quat)
            Cao = XbeamLib.Rot(Quat)
            ACoa[:3, :3] = np.transpose(Cao)
            ACoa[3:, 3:] = np.transpose(Cao)

            Vrel[iStep + 1, :] = np.dot(
                ACoa, dQdt[NumDof.value:NumDof.value + 6].copy('F'))
            VrelDot[iStep + 1, :] = np.dot(
                ACoa, dQddt[NumDof.value:NumDof.value + 6].copy('F'))

    #END Time loop

    #Write _dyn file
    ofile = Settings.OutputDir + Settings.OutputFileRoot + '_SOL912_dyn.dat'
    fp = open(ofile, 'w')
    BeamIO.Write_dyn_File(fp, Time, PosPsiTime)
    fp.close()

    #Write _shape file
    ofile = Settings.OutputDir + Settings.OutputFileRoot + '_SOL912_shape.dat'
    fp = open(ofile, 'w')
    BeamIO.Write_shape_File(fp, len(Time), NumNodes_tot.value, Time, DynOut)
    fp.close()

    #Write rigid-body velocities
    ofile = Settings.OutputDir + Settings.OutputFileRoot + '_SOL912_rigid.dat'
    fp = open(ofile, 'w')
    BeamIO.Write_rigid_File(fp, Time, Vrel, VrelDot)
    fp.close()

    if XBOPTS.PrintInfo.value == True:
        sys.stdout.write(' ... done\n')