def test_gridcal_regulator():
"""
GridCal test for the new implementation of transformer voltage regulators.
"""
grid = MultiCircuit(name=test_name)
grid.Sbase = Sbase
grid.time_profile = None
grid.logger = list()
# Create buses
POI = Bus(
name="POI",
vnom=100, #kV
is_slack=True)
grid.add_bus(POI)
B_C3 = Bus(name="B_C3", vnom=10) #kV
grid.add_bus(B_C3)
B_MV_M32 = Bus(name="B_MV_M32", vnom=10) #kV
grid.add_bus(B_MV_M32)
B_LV_M32 = Bus(name="B_LV_M32", vnom=0.6) #kV
grid.add_bus(B_LV_M32)
# Create voltage controlled generators (or slack, a.k.a. swing)
UT = ControlledGenerator(name="Utility")
UT.bus = POI
grid.add_controlled_generator(POI, UT)
# Create static generators (with fixed power factor)
M32 = StaticGenerator(name="M32", power=4.2 + 0.0j) # MVA (complex)
M32.bus = B_LV_M32
grid.add_static_generator(B_LV_M32, M32)
# Create transformer types
s = 100 # MVA
z = 8 # %
xr = 40
SS = TransformerType(
name="SS",
hv_nominal_voltage=100, # kV
lv_nominal_voltage=10, # kV
nominal_power=s, # MVA
copper_losses=get_complex(z, xr).real * s * 1000 / Sbase, # kW
iron_losses=125, # kW
no_load_current=0.5, # %
short_circuit_voltage=z) # %
grid.add_transformer_type(SS)
s = 5 # MVA
z = 6 # %
xr = 20
PM = TransformerType(
name="PM",
hv_nominal_voltage=10, # kV
lv_nominal_voltage=0.6, # kV
nominal_power=s, # MVA
copper_losses=get_complex(z, xr).real * s * 1000 / Sbase, # kW
iron_losses=6.25, # kW
no_load_current=0.5, # %
short_circuit_voltage=z) # %
grid.add_transformer_type(PM)
# Create branches
X_C3 = Branch(bus_from=POI,
bus_to=B_C3,
name="X_C3",
branch_type=BranchType.Transformer,
template=SS,
bus_to_regulated=True,
vset=1.05)
X_C3.tap_changer = TapChanger(taps_up=16,
taps_down=16,
max_reg=1.1,
min_reg=0.9)
X_C3.tap_changer.set_tap(X_C3.tap_module)
grid.add_branch(X_C3)
C_M32 = Branch(bus_from=B_C3,
bus_to=B_MV_M32,
name="C_M32",
r=7.84,
x=1.74)
grid.add_branch(C_M32)
X_M32 = Branch(bus_from=B_MV_M32,
bus_to=B_LV_M32,
name="X_M32",
branch_type=BranchType.Transformer,
template=PM)
grid.add_branch(X_M32)
# Apply templates (device types)
grid.apply_all_branch_types()
print("Buses:")
for i, b in enumerate(grid.buses):
print(f" - bus[{i}]: {b}")
print()
grid.compile()
options = PowerFlowOptions(SolverType.LM,
verbose=True,
robust=True,
initialize_with_existing_solution=True,
multi_core=True,
control_q=True,
control_taps=True,
tolerance=1e-6,
max_iter=99)
power_flow = PowerFlowMP(grid, options)
power_flow.run()
approx_volt = [round(100 * abs(v), 1) for v in power_flow.results.voltage]
solution = [100.0, 105.2, 130.0, 130.1] # Expected solution from GridCal
print()
print(f"Test: {test_name}")
print(f"Results: {approx_volt}")
print(f"Solution: {solution}")
print()
print("Controlled generators:")
for g in grid.get_controlled_generators():
print(f" - Generator {g}: q_min={g.Qmin}pu, q_max={g.Qmax}pu")
print()
print("Branches:")
for b in grid.branches:
print(
f" - {b}: R={round(b.R, 4)}pu, X={round(b.X, 4)}pu, X/R={round(b.X/b.R, 1)}, vset={b.vset}"
)
print()
print("Transformer types:")
for t in grid.transformer_types:
print(
f" - {t}: Copper losses={int(t.Copper_losses)}kW, Iron losses={int(t.Iron_losses)}kW, SC voltage={t.Short_circuit_voltage}%"
)
print()
print("Losses:")
for i in range(len(grid.branches)):
print(
f" - {grid.branches[i]}: losses={round(power_flow.results.losses[i], 3)} MVA"
)
print()
print(f"Voltage settings: {grid.numerical_circuit.vset}")
#print("GridCal logger:")
#for l in grid.logger:
#print(f" - {l}")
equal = True
for i in range(len(approx_volt)):
if approx_volt[i] != solution[i]:
equal = False
assert equal
def test_xfo_static_tap_3():
"""
Basic test with the main transformer's HV tap (X_C3) set at -2.5%
(0.975 pu), which raises the LV by the same amount (+2.5%).
"""
grid = MultiCircuit(name=test_name)
grid.Sbase = Sbase
grid.time_profile = None
grid.logger = list()
# Create buses
POI = Bus(
name="POI",
vnom=100, # kV
is_slack=True)
grid.add_bus(POI)
B_C3 = Bus(name="B_C3", vnom=10) # kV
grid.add_bus(B_C3)
B_MV_M32 = Bus(name="B_MV_M32", vnom=10) # kV
grid.add_bus(B_MV_M32)
B_LV_M32 = Bus(name="B_LV_M32", vnom=0.6) # kV
grid.add_bus(B_LV_M32)
# Create voltage controlled generators (or slack, a.k.a. swing)
UT = ControlledGenerator(name="Utility")
UT.bus = POI
grid.add_controlled_generator(POI, UT)
# Create static generators (with fixed power factor)
M32 = StaticGenerator(name="M32", power=4.2 + 0.0j) # MVA (complex)
M32.bus = B_LV_M32
grid.add_static_generator(B_LV_M32, M32)
# Create transformer types
s = 5 # MVA
z = 8 # %
xr = 40
SS = TransformerType(
name="SS",
hv_nominal_voltage=100, # kV
lv_nominal_voltage=10, # kV
nominal_power=s,
copper_losses=complexe(z, xr).real * s * 1000 / Sbase,
iron_losses=6.25, # kW
no_load_current=0.5, # %
short_circuit_voltage=z)
grid.add_transformer_type(SS)
s = 5 # MVA
z = 6 # %
xr = 20
PM = TransformerType(
name="PM",
hv_nominal_voltage=10, # kV
lv_nominal_voltage=0.6, # kV
nominal_power=s,
copper_losses=complexe(z, xr).real * s * 1000 / Sbase,
iron_losses=6.25, # kW
no_load_current=0.5, # %
short_circuit_voltage=z)
grid.add_transformer_type(PM)
# Create branches
X_C3 = Branch(bus_from=POI,
bus_to=B_C3,
name="X_C3",
branch_type=BranchType.Transformer,
template=SS,
tap=0.975)
# update to a more precise tap changer
X_C3.apply_tap_changer(
TapChanger(taps_up=20, taps_down=20, max_reg=1.1, min_reg=0.9))
grid.add_branch(X_C3)
C_M32 = Branch(bus_from=B_C3,
bus_to=B_MV_M32,
name="C_M32",
r=0.784,
x=0.174)
grid.add_branch(C_M32)
X_M32 = Branch(bus_from=B_MV_M32,
bus_to=B_LV_M32,
name="X_M32",
branch_type=BranchType.Transformer,
template=PM)
grid.add_branch(X_M32)
# Apply templates (device types)
grid.apply_all_branch_types()
print("Buses:")
for i, b in enumerate(grid.buses):
print(f" - bus[{i}]: {b}")
print()
grid.compile()
options = PowerFlowOptions(SolverType.NR,
verbose=True,
robust=True,
initialize_with_existing_solution=True,
multi_core=True,
control_q=True,
control_taps=True,
tolerance=1e-6,
max_iter=15)
power_flow = PowerFlow(grid, options)
power_flow.run()
print()
print(f"Test: {test_name}")
print()
print("Controlled generators:")
for g in grid.get_controlled_generators():
print(f" - Generator {g}: q_min={g.Qmin} MVAR, q_max={g.Qmax} MVAR")
print()
print("Branches:")
for b in grid.branches:
print(f" - {b}:")
print(f" R = {round(b.R, 4)} pu")
print(f" X = {round(b.X, 4)} pu")
print(f" X/R = {round(b.X/b.R, 1)}")
print(f" G = {round(b.G, 4)} pu")
print(f" B = {round(b.B, 4)} pu")
print()
print("Transformer types:")
for t in grid.transformer_types:
print(
f" - {t}: Copper losses={int(t.Copper_losses)}kW, "
f"Iron losses={int(t.Iron_losses)}kW, SC voltage={t.Short_circuit_voltage}%"
)
print()
print("Losses:")
for i in range(len(grid.branches)):
print(
f" - {grid.branches[i]}: losses={1000*round(power_flow.results.losses[i], 3)} kVA"
)
print()
equal = False
for i, branch in enumerate(grid.branches):
if branch.name == "X_C3":
equal = power_flow.results.tap_module[i] == branch.tap_module
if not equal:
grid.export_pf(f"{test_name}_results.xlsx", power_flow.results)
grid.save_excel(f"{test_name}_grid.xlsx")
assert equal
def test_pv_1():
"""
Voltage controlled generator test, also useful for a basic tutorial. In this
case the generator M32 regulates the voltage at a setpoint of 1.025 pu, and
the slack bus (POI) regulates it at 1.0 pu.
The transformers' magnetizing branch losses are considered, but their
voltage regulators aren't.
"""
grid = MultiCircuit(name=test_name)
grid.Sbase = Sbase
grid.time_profile = None
grid.logger = list()
# Create buses
POI = Bus(name="POI",
vnom=100, #kV
is_slack=True)
grid.add_bus(POI)
B_MV_M32 = Bus(name="B_MV_M32",
vnom=10) #kV
grid.add_bus(B_MV_M32)
B_LV_M32 = Bus(name="B_LV_M32",
vnom=0.6) #kV
grid.add_bus(B_LV_M32)
# Create voltage controlled generators (or slack, a.k.a. swing)
UT = ControlledGenerator(name="Utility")
UT.bus = POI
grid.add_controlled_generator(POI, UT)
M32 = ControlledGenerator(name="M32",
active_power=4.2,
voltage_module=1.025,
Qmin=-2.5,
Qmax=2.5)
M32.bus = B_LV_M32
grid.add_controlled_generator(B_LV_M32, M32)
# Create transformer types
s = 100 # MVA
z = 8 # %
xr = 40
SS = TransformerType(name="SS",
hv_nominal_voltage=100, # kV
lv_nominal_voltage=10, # kV
nominal_power=s,
copper_losses=complexe(z, xr).real*s*1000/Sbase,
iron_losses=125, # kW
no_load_current=0.5, # %
short_circuit_voltage=z)
grid.add_transformer_type(SS)
s = 5 # MVA
z = 6 # %
xr = 20
PM = TransformerType(name="PM",
hv_nominal_voltage=10, # kV
lv_nominal_voltage=0.6, # kV
nominal_power=s,
copper_losses=complexe(z, xr).real*s*1000/Sbase,
iron_losses=6.25, # kW
no_load_current=0.5, # %
short_circuit_voltage=z)
grid.add_transformer_type(PM)
# Create branches
X_C3 = Branch(bus_from=POI,
bus_to=B_MV_M32,
name="X_C3",
branch_type=BranchType.Transformer,
template=SS)
grid.add_branch(X_C3)
X_M32 = Branch(bus_from=B_MV_M32,
bus_to=B_LV_M32,
name="X_M32",
branch_type=BranchType.Transformer,
template=PM)
grid.add_branch(X_M32)
# Apply templates (device types)
grid.apply_all_branch_types()
print("Buses:")
for i, b in enumerate(grid.buses):
print(f" - bus[{i}]: {b}")
print()
grid.compile()
options = PowerFlowOptions(SolverType.LM,
verbose=True,
robust=True,
initialize_with_existing_solution=True,
multi_core=True,
control_q=True,
tolerance=1e-6,
max_iter=99)
power_flow = PowerFlow(grid, options)
power_flow.run()
approx_volt = [round(100*abs(v), 1) for v in power_flow.results.voltage]
solution = [100.0, 100.1, 102.5] # Expected solution from GridCal and ETAP 16.1.0, for reference
print()
print(f"Test: {test_name}")
print(f"Results: {approx_volt}")
print(f"Solution: {solution}")
print()
print("Controlled generators:")
for g in grid.get_controlled_generators():
print(f" - Generator {g}: q_min={g.Qmin}pu, q_max={g.Qmax}pu")
print()
print("Branches:")
for b in grid.branches:
print(f" - {b}:")
print(f" R = {round(b.R, 4)} pu")
print(f" X = {round(b.X, 4)} pu")
print(f" X/R = {round(b.X/b.R, 1)}")
print(f" G = {round(b.G, 4)} pu")
print(f" B = {round(b.B, 4)} pu")
print()
print("Transformer types:")
for t in grid.transformer_types:
print(f" - {t}: Copper losses={int(t.Copper_losses)}kW, Iron losses={int(t.Iron_losses)}kW, SC voltage={t.Short_circuit_voltage}%")
print()
print("Losses:")
for i in range(len(grid.branches)):
print(f" - {grid.branches[i]}: losses={1000*round(power_flow.results.losses[i], 3)} kVA")
print()
equal = True
for i in range(len(approx_volt)):
if approx_volt[i] != solution[i]:
equal = False
assert equal
def __init__(self, multi_circuit: MultiCircuit, verbose=False):
################################################################################################################
# Compilation
################################################################################################################
self.verbose = verbose
self.multi_circuit = multi_circuit
self.numerical_circuit = self.multi_circuit.compile()
self.islands = self.numerical_circuit.compute()
# indices of generators that contribute to the static power vector 'S'
self.gen_s_idx = np.where((np.logical_not(self.numerical_circuit.controlled_gen_dispatchable)
* self.numerical_circuit.controlled_gen_enabled) == True)[0]
self.bat_s_idx = np.where((np.logical_not(self.numerical_circuit.battery_dispatchable)
* self.numerical_circuit.battery_enabled) == True)[0]
# indices of generators that are to be optimized via the solution vector 'x'
self.gen_x_idx = np.where((self.numerical_circuit.controlled_gen_dispatchable
* self.numerical_circuit.controlled_gen_enabled) == True)[0]
self.bat_x_idx = np.where((self.numerical_circuit.battery_dispatchable
* self.numerical_circuit.battery_enabled) == True)[0]
# compute the problem dimension
dim = len(self.gen_x_idx) + len(self.bat_x_idx)
# get the limits of the devices to control
gens = np.array(multi_circuit.get_controlled_generators())
bats = np.array(multi_circuit.get_batteries())
gen_x_up = np.array([elm.Pmax for elm in gens[self.gen_x_idx]])
gen_x_low = np.array([elm.Pmin for elm in gens[self.gen_x_idx]])
bat_x_up = np.array([elm.Pmax for elm in bats[self.bat_x_idx]])
bat_x_low = np.array([elm.Pmin for elm in bats[self.bat_x_idx]])
# form S static ################################################################################################
# all the loads apply
self.Sfix = self.numerical_circuit.C_load_bus.T * (
- self.numerical_circuit.load_power / self.numerical_circuit.Sbase * self.numerical_circuit.load_enabled)
# static generators (all apply)
self.Sfix += self.numerical_circuit.C_sta_gen_bus.T * (
self.numerical_circuit.static_gen_power / self.numerical_circuit.Sbase * self.numerical_circuit.static_gen_enabled)
# controlled generators
self.Sfix += (self.numerical_circuit.C_ctrl_gen_bus[self.gen_s_idx, :]).T * (
self.numerical_circuit.controlled_gen_power[self.gen_s_idx] / self.numerical_circuit.Sbase)
# batteries
self.Sfix += (self.numerical_circuit.C_batt_bus[self.bat_s_idx, :]).T * (
self.numerical_circuit.battery_power[self.bat_s_idx] / self.numerical_circuit.Sbase)
# build A_sys per island #######################################################################################
for island in self.islands:
island.build_linear_ac_sys_mat() # builds the A matrix factorization and stores it internally
################################################################################################################
# internal variables for PySOT
################################################################################################################
self.xlow = np.r_[gen_x_low, bat_x_low] / self.multi_circuit.Sbase
self.xup = np.r_[gen_x_up, bat_x_up] / self.multi_circuit.Sbase
self.dim = dim
self.info = str(dim) + "-dimensional OPF problem"
self.min = 0
self.integer = []
self.continuous = np.arange(0, dim)
check_opt_prob(self)
def test_xfo_static_tap_1():
"""
Basic test with the main transformer's HV tap (X_C3) set at +5% (1.05 pu),
which lowers the LV by the same amount (-5%).
"""
grid = MultiCircuit(name=test_name)
grid.Sbase = Sbase
grid.time_profile = None
grid.logger = list()
# Create buses
POI = Bus(
name="POI",
vnom=100, #kV
is_slack=True)
grid.add_bus(POI)
B_C3 = Bus(name="B_C3", vnom=10) #kV
grid.add_bus(B_C3)
B_MV_M32 = Bus(name="B_MV_M32", vnom=10) #kV
grid.add_bus(B_MV_M32)
B_LV_M32 = Bus(name="B_LV_M32", vnom=0.6) #kV
grid.add_bus(B_LV_M32)
# Create voltage controlled generators (or slack, a.k.a. swing)
UT = ControlledGenerator(name="Utility")
UT.bus = POI
grid.add_controlled_generator(POI, UT)
# Create static generators (with fixed power factor)
M32 = StaticGenerator(name="M32", power=4.2 + 0.0j) # MVA (complex)
M32.bus = B_LV_M32
grid.add_static_generator(B_LV_M32, M32)
# Create transformer types
s = 5 # MVA
z = 8 # %
xr = 40
SS = TransformerType(
name="SS",
hv_nominal_voltage=100, # kV
lv_nominal_voltage=10, # kV
nominal_power=s,
copper_losses=complexe(z, xr).real * s * 1000 / Sbase,
iron_losses=6.25, # kW
no_load_current=0.5, # %
short_circuit_voltage=z)
grid.add_transformer_type(SS)
s = 5 # MVA
z = 6 # %
xr = 20
PM = TransformerType(
name="PM",
hv_nominal_voltage=10, # kV
lv_nominal_voltage=0.6, # kV
nominal_power=s,
copper_losses=complexe(z, xr).real * s * 1000 / Sbase,
iron_losses=6.25, # kW
no_load_current=0.5, # %
short_circuit_voltage=z)
grid.add_transformer_type(PM)
# Create branches
X_C3 = Branch(bus_from=POI,
bus_to=B_C3,
name="X_C3",
branch_type=BranchType.Transformer,
template=SS,
tap=1.05)
grid.add_branch(X_C3)
C_M32 = Branch(bus_from=B_C3,
bus_to=B_MV_M32,
name="C_M32",
r=0.784,
x=0.174)
grid.add_branch(C_M32)
X_M32 = Branch(bus_from=B_MV_M32,
bus_to=B_LV_M32,
name="X_M32",
branch_type=BranchType.Transformer,
template=PM)
grid.add_branch(X_M32)
# Apply templates (device types)
grid.apply_all_branch_types()
print("Buses:")
for i, b in enumerate(grid.buses):
print(f" - bus[{i}]: {b}")
print()
grid.compile()
options = PowerFlowOptions(SolverType.LM,
verbose=True,
robust=True,
initialize_with_existing_solution=True,
multi_core=True,
control_q=True,
tolerance=1e-6,
max_iter=99)
power_flow = PowerFlow(grid, options)
power_flow.run()
approx_volt = [round(100 * abs(v), 1) for v in power_flow.results.voltage]
solution = [100.0, 94.7, 98.0, 98.1] # Expected solution from GridCal
print()
print(f"Test: {test_name}")
print(f"Results: {approx_volt}")
print(f"Solution: {solution}")
print()
print("Controlled generators:")
for g in grid.get_controlled_generators():
print(f" - Generator {g}: q_min={g.Qmin} MVAR, q_max={g.Qmax} MVAR")
print()
print("Branches:")
for b in grid.branches:
print(f" - {b}:")
print(f" R = {round(b.R, 4)} pu")
print(f" X = {round(b.X, 4)} pu")
print(f" X/R = {round(b.X/b.R, 1)}")
print(f" G = {round(b.G, 4)} pu")
print(f" B = {round(b.B, 4)} pu")
print()
print("Transformer types:")
for t in grid.transformer_types:
print(
f" - {t}: Copper losses={int(t.Copper_losses)}kW, Iron losses={int(t.Iron_losses)}kW, SC voltage={t.Short_circuit_voltage}%"
)
print()
print("Losses:")
for i in range(len(grid.branches)):
print(
f" - {grid.branches[i]}: losses={1000*round(power_flow.results.losses[i], 3)} kVA"
)
print()
equal = True
for i in range(len(approx_volt)):
if approx_volt[i] != solution[i]:
equal = False
assert equal
def test_basic():
"""
Basic GridCal test, also useful for a basic tutorial. In this case the
magnetizing branch of the transformers is neglected by inputting 1e-20
excitation current and iron core losses.
The results are identical to ETAP's, which always uses this assumption in
balanced load flow calculations.
"""
grid = MultiCircuit(name=test_name)
grid.Sbase = Sbase
grid.time_profile = None
grid.logger = list()
# Create buses
POI = Bus(
name="POI",
vnom=100, #kV
is_slack=True)
grid.add_bus(POI)
B_C3 = Bus(name="B_C3", vnom=10) #kV
grid.add_bus(B_C3)
B_MV_M32 = Bus(name="B_MV_M32", vnom=10) #kV
grid.add_bus(B_MV_M32)
B_LV_M32 = Bus(name="B_LV_M32", vnom=0.6) #kV
grid.add_bus(B_LV_M32)
# Create voltage controlled generators (or slack, a.k.a. swing)
UT = ControlledGenerator(name="Utility")
UT.bus = POI
grid.add_controlled_generator(POI, UT)
# Create static generators (with fixed power factor)
M32 = StaticGenerator(name="M32", power=4.2 + 0.0j) # MVA (complex)
M32.bus = B_LV_M32
grid.add_static_generator(B_LV_M32, M32)
# Create transformer types
s = 5 # MVA
z = 8 # %
xr = 40
SS = TransformerType(
name="SS",
hv_nominal_voltage=100, # kV
lv_nominal_voltage=10, # kV
nominal_power=s,
copper_losses=complexe(z, xr).real * s * 1000 / Sbase,
iron_losses=1e-20,
no_load_current=1e-20,
short_circuit_voltage=z)
grid.add_transformer_type(SS)
s = 5 # MVA
z = 6 # %
xr = 20
PM = TransformerType(
name="PM",
hv_nominal_voltage=10, # kV
lv_nominal_voltage=0.6, # kV
nominal_power=s,
copper_losses=complexe(z, xr).real * s * 1000 / Sbase,
iron_losses=1e-20,
no_load_current=1e-20,
short_circuit_voltage=z)
grid.add_transformer_type(PM)
# Create branches
X_C3 = Branch(bus_from=POI,
bus_to=B_C3,
name="X_C3",
branch_type=BranchType.Transformer,
template=SS)
grid.add_branch(X_C3)
C_M32 = Branch(bus_from=B_C3,
bus_to=B_MV_M32,
name="C_M32",
r=0.784,
x=0.174)
grid.add_branch(C_M32)
X_M32 = Branch(bus_from=B_MV_M32,
bus_to=B_LV_M32,
name="X_M32",
branch_type=BranchType.Transformer,
template=PM)
grid.add_branch(X_M32)
# Apply templates (device types)
grid.apply_all_branch_types()
print("Buses:")
for i, b in enumerate(grid.buses):
print(f" - bus[{i}]: {b}")
print()
grid.compile()
options = PowerFlowOptions(SolverType.LM,
verbose=True,
robust=True,
initialize_with_existing_solution=True,
multi_core=True,
control_q=True,
tolerance=1e-6,
max_iter=99)
power_flow = PowerFlow(grid, options)
power_flow.run()
approx_volt = [round(100 * abs(v), 1) for v in power_flow.results.voltage]
solution = [
100.0, 99.6, 102.7, 102.9
] # Expected solution from GridCal and ETAP 16.1.0, for reference
print()
print(f"Test: {test_name}")
print(f"Results: {approx_volt}")
print(f"Solution: {solution}")
print()
print("Controlled generators:")
for g in grid.get_controlled_generators():
print(f" - Generator {g}: q_min={g.Qmin}pu, q_max={g.Qmax}pu")
print()
print("Branches:")
for b in grid.branches:
print(f" - {b}:")
print(f" R = {round(b.R, 4)} pu")
print(f" X = {round(b.X, 4)} pu")
print(f" X/R = {round(b.X/b.R, 1)}")
print(f" G = {round(b.G, 4)} pu")
print(f" B = {round(b.B, 4)} pu")
print()
print("Transformer types:")
for t in grid.transformer_types:
print(
f" - {t}: Copper losses={int(t.Copper_losses)}kW, Iron losses={int(t.Iron_losses)}kW, SC voltage={t.Short_circuit_voltage}%"
)
print()
print("Losses:")
for i in range(len(grid.branches)):
print(
f" - {grid.branches[i]}: losses={1000*round(power_flow.results.losses[i], 3)} kVA"
)
print()
equal = True
for i in range(len(approx_volt)):
if approx_volt[i] != solution[i]:
equal = False
assert equal
def __init__(self, multi_circuit: MultiCircuit, options: PowerFlowOptions, verbose=False, break_at_value=True,
good_enough_value=0):
self.break_at_value = break_at_value
self.good_enough_value = good_enough_value
self.multi_circuit = multi_circuit
self.numerical_circuit = self.multi_circuit.compile()
self.calculation_inputs = self.numerical_circuit.compute(add_storage=False, add_generation=True)
self.pf = PowerFlowMP(self.multi_circuit, options)
# indices of generators that contribute to the static power vector 'S'
self.gen_s_idx = np.where((np.logical_not(self.numerical_circuit.controlled_gen_dispatchable)
* self.numerical_circuit.controlled_gen_enabled) == True)[0]
self.bat_s_idx = np.where((np.logical_not(self.numerical_circuit.battery_dispatchable)
* self.numerical_circuit.battery_enabled) == True)[0]
# indices of generators that are to be optimized via the solution vector 'x'
self.gen_x_idx = np.where((self.numerical_circuit.controlled_gen_dispatchable
* self.numerical_circuit.controlled_gen_enabled) == True)[0]
self.bat_x_idx = np.where((self.numerical_circuit.battery_dispatchable
* self.numerical_circuit.battery_enabled) == True)[0]
self.n_batteries = len(self.numerical_circuit.battery_power)
self.n_controlled_gen = len(self.numerical_circuit.controlled_gen_power)
# compute the problem dimension
self.dim = len(self.gen_x_idx) + len(self.bat_x_idx)
# get the limits of the devices to control
gens = np.array(multi_circuit.get_controlled_generators())
bats = np.array(multi_circuit.get_batteries())
gen_x_up = np.array([elm.Pmax for elm in gens[self.gen_x_idx]])
gen_x_low = np.array([elm.Pmin for elm in gens[self.gen_x_idx]])
bat_x_up = np.array([elm.Pmax for elm in bats[self.bat_x_idx]])
bat_x_low = np.array([elm.Pmin for elm in bats[self.bat_x_idx]])
self.ngen = len(self.gen_x_idx)
self.xlow = np.r_[gen_x_low, bat_x_low] / self.multi_circuit.Sbase
self.xup = np.r_[gen_x_up, bat_x_up] / self.multi_circuit.Sbase
self.range = self.xup - self.xlow
# form S static ################################################################################################
# all the loads apply
self.Sfix = None
self.set_default_state() # build Sfix
self.Vbus = np.ones(self.numerical_circuit.nbus, dtype=complex)
self.Ibus = np.zeros(self.numerical_circuit.nbus, dtype=complex)
# other vars needed ############################################################################################
self.converged = False
self.result = None
self.force_batteries_to_charge = False
self.x = np.zeros(self.dim)
self.fx = 0
self.t = 0
self.Emin = None
self.Emax = None
self.E = None
self.bat_idx = None
self.battery_loading_pu = 0.01
self.dt = 0