def __init__(self, region, srcPos, pos):
"""
Construct a new Column for the given parent region at source row/column
position srcPos and column grid position pos.
@param region the parent Region this Column belongs to.
@param srcPos a tuple (srcX,srcY) of this Column's 'center' position
in terms of the proximal-synapse input space.
@param pos a tuple(x,y) of this Column's position within the
Region's column grid.
"""
self.region = region #parent region
self.cells = [Cell(self, i)
for i in xrange(region.cellsPerCol)] #Sequence cells
self.isActive = False #whether or not this Column is currently active.
#The list of potential synapses and their permanence values.
self.proximalSegment = Segment(region.segActiveThreshold)
#The boost value for column c as computed during learning.
# used to increase the overlap value for inactive columns.
self.boost = 1.0
#A sliding average representing how often column c has been active
# after inhibition (e.g. over the last 1000 iterations).
self.activeDutyCycle = 1.0
#A sliding average representing how often column c has had
# significant overlap (i.e. greater than minOverlap) with its inputs
# (e.g. over the last 1000 iterations).
self.overlapDutyCycle = 1.0
self.overlap = 0 #the last computed input overlap for the Column.
self.ix = srcPos[0] #'input' row and col
self.iy = srcPos[1]
self.cx = pos[0] #'column grid' row and col
self.cy = pos[1]
def createSegment(self, learningCells):
"""
Create a new segment for this Cell. The new segment will initially connect to
at most newSynapseCount synapses randomly selected from the set of cells that
were in the learning state at t-1 (specified by the learningCells parameter).
@param learningCells: the set of available learning cells to add to the segment.
@return the segment that was just created.
"""
newSegment = Segment(self.column.region.segActiveThreshold)
newSegment.createSynapsesToLearningCells(learningCells)
self.segments.append(newSegment)
return newSegment
def createSegment(self, learningCells): """ Create a new segment for this Cell. The new segment will initially connect to at most newSynapseCount synapses randomly selected from the set of cells that were in the learning state at t-1 (specified by the learningCells parameter). @param learningCells: the set of available learning cells to add to the segment. @return the segment that was just created. """ newSegment = Segment(self.column.region.segActiveThreshold) newSegment.createSynapsesToLearningCells(learningCells) self.segments.append(newSegment) return newSegment
def __init__(self, region, srcPos, pos):
"""
Construct a new Column for the given parent region at source row/column
position srcPos and column grid position pos.
@param region the parent Region this Column belongs to.
@param srcPos a tuple (srcX,srcY) of this Column's 'center' position
in terms of the proximal-synapse input space.
@param pos a tuple(x,y) of this Column's position within the
Region's column grid.
"""
self.region = region #parent region
self.cells = [Cell(self, i) for i in xrange(region.cellsPerCol)] #Sequence cells
self.isActive = False #whether or not this Column is currently active.
#The list of potential synapses and their permanence values.
self.proximalSegment = Segment(region.segActiveThreshold)
#The boost value for column c as computed during learning.
# used to increase the overlap value for inactive columns.
self.boost = 1.0
#A sliding average representing how often column c has been active
# after inhibition (e.g. over the last 1000 iterations).
self.activeDutyCycle = 1.0
#A sliding average representing how often column c has had
# significant overlap (i.e. greater than minOverlap) with its inputs
# (e.g. over the last 1000 iterations).
self.overlapDutyCycle = 1.0
self.overlap = 0 #the last computed input overlap for the Column.
self.ix = srcPos[0] #'input' row and col
self.iy = srcPos[1]
self.cx = pos[0] #'column grid' row and col
self.cy = pos[1]
class Column(object):
"""
Represents a single column of cells within an HTM Region.
"""
def __init__(self, region, srcPos, pos):
"""
Construct a new Column for the given parent region at source row/column
position srcPos and column grid position pos.
@param region the parent Region this Column belongs to.
@param srcPos a tuple (srcX,srcY) of this Column's 'center' position
in terms of the proximal-synapse input space.
@param pos a tuple(x,y) of this Column's position within the
Region's column grid.
"""
self.region = region #parent region
self.cells = [Cell(self, i) for i in xrange(region.cellsPerCol)] #Sequence cells
self.isActive = False #whether or not this Column is currently active.
#The list of potential synapses and their permanence values.
self.proximalSegment = Segment(region.segActiveThreshold)
#The boost value for column c as computed during learning.
# used to increase the overlap value for inactive columns.
self.boost = 1.0
#A sliding average representing how often column c has been active
# after inhibition (e.g. over the last 1000 iterations).
self.activeDutyCycle = 1.0
#A sliding average representing how often column c has had
# significant overlap (i.e. greater than minOverlap) with its inputs
# (e.g. over the last 1000 iterations).
self.overlapDutyCycle = 1.0
self.overlap = 0 #the last computed input overlap for the Column.
self.ix = srcPos[0] #'input' row and col
self.iy = srcPos[1]
self.cx = pos[0] #'column grid' row and col
self.cy = pos[1]
def setActive(self, isActive):
"""
Toggle whether or not this Column is currently active.
"""
self.isActive = isActive
def getOverlapPercentage(self):
""" Return the (last computed) input overlap for this Column in terms of the
percentage of active synapses out of total existing synapses. """
return float(self.overlap) / float(len(self.proximalSegment.synapses))
def getConnectedSynapses(self):
""" Return the list of all currently connected proximal synapses for
this Column. """
return self.proximalSegment.getConnectedSynapses()
def getBestMatchingCell(self, isSequence, previous=False):
"""
For this column, return the cell with the best matching segment (at time t-1 if
prevous=True else at time t). Only consider sequence segments if isSequence
is True, otherwise only consider non-sequence segments. If no cell has a
matching segment, then return the cell with the fewest number of segments.
@return a list containing the best cell and its best segment (may be None).
"""
bestCell = None
bestSeg = None
bestCount = 0
for cell in self.cells:
seg = cell.getBestMatchingSegment(isSequence, previous)
if seg:
if previous:
synCount = len(seg.getPrevActiveSynapses(connectedOnly=False))
else:
synCount = len(seg.getActiveSynapses(connectedOnly=False))
if synCount > bestCount:
bestCell = cell
bestSeg = seg
bestCount = synCount
if not bestCell:
bestCell = self.cells[0]
fewestCount = len(bestCell.segments)
for cell in self.cells[1:]:
if len(cell.segments) < fewestCount:
fewestCount = len(cell.segments)
bestCell = cell
return bestCell, bestSeg
def computeOverlap(self):
"""
The spatial pooler overlap of this column with a particular input pattern.
The overlap for each column is simply the number of connected synapses with active
inputs, multiplied by its boost. If this value is below minOverlap, we set the
overlap score to zero.
"""
overlap = len(self.proximalSegment.getActiveSynapses())
if overlap < self.region.minOverlap:
overlap = 0
else:
overlap *= self.boost
self.overlap = overlap
def updatePermanences(self):
"""
Update the permanence value of every synapse in this column based on whether active.
This is the main learning rule (for the column's proximal dentrite).
For winning columns, if a synapse is active, its permanence value is incremented,
otherwise it is decremented. Permanence values are constrained to be between 0 and 1.
"""
for syn in self.proximalSegment.synapses:
if syn.isActive():
syn.increasePermanence()
else:
syn.decreasePermanence()
def performBoosting(self):
"""
There are two separate boosting mechanisms
in place to help a column learn connections. If a column does not win often
enough (as measured by activeDutyCycle), its overall boost value is
increased (line 30-32). Alternatively, if a column's connected synapses
do not overlap well with any inputs often enough (as measured by
overlapDutyCycle), its permanence values are boosted (line 34-36).
Note: once learning is turned off, boost(c) is frozen.
"""
#minDutyCycle(c) A variable representing the minimum desired firing rate for a cell.
# If a cell's firing rate falls below this value, it will be boosted. This value is
# calculated as 1% of the maximum firing rate of its neighbors.
minDutyCycle = 0.01 * self.maxDutyCycle(self.region.neighbors(self))
self.updateActiveDuteCycle()
self.boost = self.boostFunction(minDutyCycle)
self.updateOverlapDutyCycle()
if self.overlapDutyCycle < minDutyCycle:
self.increasePermanences(0.1*Synapse.CONNECTED_PERM)
def maxDutyCycle(self, cols):
"""
Returns the maximum active duty cycle of the columns in the given list
of columns.
"""
return max((col.activeDutyCycle for col in cols))
def increasePermanences(self, scale):
"""
Increase the permanence value of every synapse in this column by a scale factor.
"""
for syn in self.proximalSegment.synapses:
syn.increasePermanence(scale)
def updateActiveDuteCycle(self):
"""
Computes a moving average of how often this column has been active
after inhibition.
"""
newCycle = (1.0 - EMA_ALPHA) * self.activeDutyCycle
if self.isActive:
newCycle += EMA_ALPHA
self.activeDutyCycle = newCycle
def updateOverlapDutyCycle(self):
"""
Computes a moving average of how often this column has overlap greater
than minOverlap.
Exponential moving average (EMA):
St = a * Yt + (1-a)*St-1
"""
newCycle = (1.0 - EMA_ALPHA) * self.overlapDutyCycle
if self.overlap > self.region.minOverlap:
newCycle += EMA_ALPHA
self.overlapDutyCycle = newCycle
def boostFunction(self, minDutyCycle):
"""
Returns the boost value of this column. The boost value is a scalar >= 1.
If activeDutyCyle(c) is above minDutyCycle(c), the boost value is 1.
The boost increases linearly once the column's activeDutyCycle starts
falling below its minDutyCycle.
"""
if self.activeDutyCycle > minDutyCycle:
return 1.0
elif self.activeDutyCycle == 0.0:
return self.boost * 1.05 #if 0 activeDuty, fix at +5%
return minDutyCycle / self.activeDutyCycle
class Column(object):
"""
Represents a single column of cells within an HTM Region.
"""
def __init__(self, region, srcPos, pos):
"""
Construct a new Column for the given parent region at source row/column
position srcPos and column grid position pos.
@param region the parent Region this Column belongs to.
@param srcPos a tuple (srcX,srcY) of this Column's 'center' position
in terms of the proximal-synapse input space.
@param pos a tuple(x,y) of this Column's position within the
Region's column grid.
"""
self.region = region #parent region
self.cells = [Cell(self, i)
for i in xrange(region.cellsPerCol)] #Sequence cells
self.isActive = False #whether or not this Column is currently active.
#The list of potential synapses and their permanence values.
self.proximalSegment = Segment(region.segActiveThreshold)
#The boost value for column c as computed during learning.
# used to increase the overlap value for inactive columns.
self.boost = 1.0
#A sliding average representing how often column c has been active
# after inhibition (e.g. over the last 1000 iterations).
self.activeDutyCycle = 1.0
#A sliding average representing how often column c has had
# significant overlap (i.e. greater than minOverlap) with its inputs
# (e.g. over the last 1000 iterations).
self.overlapDutyCycle = 1.0
self.overlap = 0 #the last computed input overlap for the Column.
self.ix = srcPos[0] #'input' row and col
self.iy = srcPos[1]
self.cx = pos[0] #'column grid' row and col
self.cy = pos[1]
def setActive(self, isActive):
"""
Toggle whether or not this Column is currently active.
"""
self.isActive = isActive
def getOverlapPercentage(self):
""" Return the (last computed) input overlap for this Column in terms of the
percentage of active synapses out of total existing synapses. """
return float(self.overlap) / float(len(self.proximalSegment.synapses))
def getConnectedSynapses(self):
""" Return the list of all currently connected proximal synapses for
this Column. """
return self.proximalSegment.getConnectedSynapses()
def getBestMatchingCell(self, isSequence, previous=False):
"""
For this column, return the cell with the best matching segment (at time t-1 if
prevous=True else at time t). Only consider sequence segments if isSequence
is True, otherwise only consider non-sequence segments. If no cell has a
matching segment, then return the cell with the fewest number of segments.
@return a list containing the best cell and its best segment (may be None).
"""
bestCell = None
bestSeg = None
bestCount = 0
for cell in self.cells:
seg = cell.getBestMatchingSegment(isSequence, previous)
if seg:
if previous:
synCount = len(
seg.getPrevActiveSynapses(connectedOnly=False))
else:
synCount = len(seg.getActiveSynapses(connectedOnly=False))
if synCount > bestCount:
bestCell = cell
bestSeg = seg
bestCount = synCount
if not bestCell:
bestCell = self.cells[0]
fewestCount = len(bestCell.segments)
for cell in self.cells[1:]:
if len(cell.segments) < fewestCount:
fewestCount = len(cell.segments)
bestCell = cell
return bestCell, bestSeg
def computeOverlap(self):
"""
The spatial pooler overlap of this column with a particular input pattern.
The overlap for each column is simply the number of connected synapses with active
inputs, multiplied by its boost. If this value is below minOverlap, we set the
overlap score to zero.
"""
overlap = len(self.proximalSegment.getActiveSynapses())
if overlap < self.region.minOverlap:
overlap = 0
else:
overlap *= self.boost
self.overlap = overlap
def updatePermanences(self):
"""
Update the permanence value of every synapse in this column based on whether active.
This is the main learning rule (for the column's proximal dentrite).
For winning columns, if a synapse is active, its permanence value is incremented,
otherwise it is decremented. Permanence values are constrained to be between 0 and 1.
"""
for syn in self.proximalSegment.synapses:
if syn.isActive():
syn.increasePermanence()
else:
syn.decreasePermanence()
def performBoosting(self):
"""
There are two separate boosting mechanisms
in place to help a column learn connections. If a column does not win often
enough (as measured by activeDutyCycle), its overall boost value is
increased (line 30-32). Alternatively, if a column's connected synapses
do not overlap well with any inputs often enough (as measured by
overlapDutyCycle), its permanence values are boosted (line 34-36).
Note: once learning is turned off, boost(c) is frozen.
"""
#minDutyCycle(c) A variable representing the minimum desired firing rate for a cell.
# If a cell's firing rate falls below this value, it will be boosted. This value is
# calculated as 1% of the maximum firing rate of its neighbors.
minDutyCycle = 0.01 * self.maxDutyCycle(self.region.neighbors(self))
self.updateActiveDuteCycle()
self.boost = self.boostFunction(minDutyCycle)
self.updateOverlapDutyCycle()
if self.overlapDutyCycle < minDutyCycle:
self.increasePermanences(0.1 * Synapse.CONNECTED_PERM)
def maxDutyCycle(self, cols):
"""
Returns the maximum active duty cycle of the columns in the given list
of columns.
"""
return max((col.activeDutyCycle for col in cols))
def increasePermanences(self, scale):
"""
Increase the permanence value of every synapse in this column by a scale factor.
"""
for syn in self.proximalSegment.synapses:
syn.increasePermanence(scale)
def updateActiveDuteCycle(self):
"""
Computes a moving average of how often this column has been active
after inhibition.
"""
newCycle = (1.0 - EMA_ALPHA) * self.activeDutyCycle
if self.isActive:
newCycle += EMA_ALPHA
self.activeDutyCycle = newCycle
def updateOverlapDutyCycle(self):
"""
Computes a moving average of how often this column has overlap greater
than minOverlap.
Exponential moving average (EMA):
St = a * Yt + (1-a)*St-1
"""
newCycle = (1.0 - EMA_ALPHA) * self.overlapDutyCycle
if self.overlap > self.region.minOverlap:
newCycle += EMA_ALPHA
self.overlapDutyCycle = newCycle
def boostFunction(self, minDutyCycle):
"""
Returns the boost value of this column. The boost value is a scalar >= 1.
If activeDutyCyle(c) is above minDutyCycle(c), the boost value is 1.
The boost increases linearly once the column's activeDutyCycle starts
falling below its minDutyCycle.
"""
if self.activeDutyCycle > minDutyCycle:
return 1.0
elif self.activeDutyCycle == 0.0:
return self.boost * 1.05 #if 0 activeDuty, fix at +5%
return minDutyCycle / self.activeDutyCycle
