def build(self) -> None:
self._vao = glGenVertexArrays(1)
vbos = glGenBuffers(2)
glBindVertexArray(self._vao)
self._material.build_shader()
vertices = np.array(self._vertices, dtype=np.float32)
indices = np.array(self._indices, dtype=np.int32)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbos[0])
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0) # shader layout location
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, False, 0, ctypes.c_void_p(0))
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertices.nbytes, vertices,
GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbos[1])
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indices.nbytes, indices,
GL_STATIC_DRAW)
self._vertex_count = len(indices)
glBindVertexArray(0)
# glDisableVertexAttribArray(0)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0)
glDeleteBuffers(2, vbos)
if self.static:
# we can clear this data to free some more memory
self._vertices = []
self._indices = []
def paintGL(self):
if self.crashFlag: #run cleanup operations
glUseProgram(0)
glDisableVertexAttribArray(self.attrID)
glDeleteBuffers(1,[self.vertexBuffer])
glDeleteVertexArrays(1, [self.vertexArrayID])
glLoadIdentity()
gluPerspective(45, self.sizeX / self.sizeY, 0.1, 110.0) #set perspective
glTranslatef(0, 0, self.zoomLevel)
glRotatef(self.rotateDegreeV + self.vOffset, 1, 0, 0)
glRotatef(self.rotateDegreeH, 0, 0, 1)
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
self.vertexData = [
-1, 1, 0,
0, -1, 0,
1, 1, 0
]
arrayType = GLfloat * len(self.vertexData)
target = GL_ARRAY_BUFFER
offset = 0
size = len(self.vertexData) * ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.c_float)
data = arrayType(*self.vertexData)
glBufferSubData(target, offset, size, data)
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3)
def __del__(self):
"""Destructor.
Destroys the VAO and related buffers associated with mesh.
"""
glDeleteVertexArrays(1, [self.vao])
glDeleteBuffers(len(self.buffers), self.buffers)
def unload(self):
"""Unload all opengl data"""
log.debug(f"unload {self}")
if self._vbo is not None:
glDeleteBuffers(1, int(self._vbo))
self._vbo = None
if self._vao is not None:
glDeleteVertexArrays(1, int(self._vao))
self._vao = None
def destroy(self) -> None:
"""
Deletes all the VAOs and VBOs from the video-memory when the application is closed.
"""
for vao in self.__vaos:
glDeleteVertexArrays(1, vao)
self.__vaos = []
for vbo in self.__vbos:
glDeleteBuffers(1, vbo)
self.__vbos = []
def create_vaos(self) -> None:
"""Bind VAOs to define vertex data."""
self._vao_gridlines, self._vao_bounding_box = glGenVertexArrays(2)
vbo = glGenBuffers(5)
vertices, colors = self._get_gridlines()
self._count_gridlines = vertices.size // 3
glBindVertexArray(self._vao_gridlines)
# gridlines
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[0])
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertices.nbytes, vertices,
GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, ctypes.c_void_p(0))
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[1])
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colors.nbytes, colors, GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, ctypes.c_void_p(0))
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1)
# ---
points, indices = self._get_bounding_box()
self._count_bounding_box = indices.length
glBindVertexArray(self._vao_bounding_box)
# bounding box
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[2])
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, points.nbytes, points, GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 24, ctypes.c_void_p(0))
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[3])
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, points.nbytes, points, GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 24,
ctypes.c_void_p(12))
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1)
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[4])
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indices.nbytes, indices.ptr,
GL_STATIC_DRAW)
self._axes.create_vaos()
glBindVertexArray(0)
glDeleteBuffers(5, vbo)
def __del__(self):
glDeleteBuffers(1, self.m_RendererID)
def __del__(self):
glDeleteBuffers(1, GLuint(self.buffer))
def create_vaos(self) -> None:
"""Bind VAOs to define vertex data."""
self._vao_axes, *self._vao_arrows = glGenVertexArrays(3)
vbo = glGenBuffers(5)
build_dimensions = self.parent.build_dimensions
x = build_dimensions[0] - build_dimensions[3], build_dimensions[3]
y = build_dimensions[1] - build_dimensions[4], build_dimensions[4]
z = build_dimensions[2] - build_dimensions[5], build_dimensions[5]
points = np.array([
x[0],
0.0,
0.0,
1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
-x[1],
0.0,
0.0,
1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
0.0,
y[0],
0.0,
0.0,
1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
-y[1],
0.0,
0.0,
1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
0.0,
z[0],
0.0,
0.0,
1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
-z[1],
0.0,
0.0,
1.0,
],
dtype=np.float32)
glBindVertexArray(self._vao_axes)
# colored axes lines
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[0])
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, points.nbytes, points, GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 24, ctypes.c_void_p(0))
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[1])
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, points.nbytes, points, GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 24,
ctypes.c_void_p(12))
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1)
# ---
vertices, colors = self._get_cones()
glBindVertexArray(self._vao_arrows[0])
# colored axes arrows, cone
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[2])
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertices.nbytes, vertices,
GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, ctypes.c_void_p(0))
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[3])
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colors.nbytes, colors, GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, ctypes.c_void_p(0))
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1)
# ---
vertices[0] = x[0]
vertices[17 * 3 + 1] = y[0]
vertices[17 * 6 + 2] = z[0]
glBindVertexArray(self._vao_arrows[1])
# colored axes arrows, base
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[4])
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertices.nbytes, vertices,
GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, ctypes.c_void_p(0))
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[3])
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colors.nbytes, colors, GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, ctypes.c_void_p(0))
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1)
# ---
glBindVertexArray(0)
glDeleteBuffers(5, vbo)
def create_vaos(self) -> None:
"""Bind VAOs to define vertex data."""
self._vaos['box'], self._vaos['side'], \
self._vaos['top'] = glGenVertexArrays(3)
vbo = glGenBuffers(4)
vertices = np.array(
[
-0.5,
-1.0,
-1.0, # bottom
0.5,
-1.0,
-1.0,
0.5,
-1.0,
1.0,
-0.5,
-1.0,
1.0,
-0.5,
1.0,
-1.0, # right
0.5,
1.0,
-1.0,
0.5,
-1.0,
-1.0,
-0.5,
-1.0,
-1.0,
-0.5,
1.0,
1.0, # top
0.5,
1.0,
1.0,
0.5,
1.0,
-1.0,
-0.5,
1.0,
-1.0,
-0.5,
-1.0,
1.0, # left
0.5,
-1.0,
1.0,
0.5,
1.0,
1.0,
-0.5,
1.0,
1.0,
0.5,
1.0,
-1.0, # back
0.5,
1.0,
1.0,
0.5,
-1.0,
1.0,
0.5,
-1.0,
-1.0,
-0.5,
-1.0,
-1.0, # front
-0.5,
-1.0,
1.0,
-0.5,
1.0,
1.0,
-0.5,
1.0,
-1.0,
],
dtype=np.float32)
glBindVertexArray(self._vaos['box'])
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[0])
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertices.nbytes, vertices,
GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, ctypes.c_void_p(0))
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0)
# --- below are unused vaos for rendering a cylinder (for the camerae model)
# keep them, but TODO implement general object class
thetas = np.linspace(0, 2 * np.pi, 24, endpoint=True)
y = np.cos(thetas) * 0.7
z = np.sin(thetas) * 0.7
vertices = np.zeros(6 * 24, dtype=np.float32)
vertices[::3] = np.tile(np.array([1.0, 0.5], dtype=np.float32), 24)
vertices[1::3] = np.repeat(y, 2)
vertices[2::3] = np.repeat(z, 2)
glBindVertexArray(self._vaos['side'])
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[1])
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertices.nbytes, vertices,
GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, ctypes.c_void_p(0))
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0)
# ---
vertices = np.concatenate(
(np.array([1.0, 0.0, 0.0]), vertices)).astype(np.float32)
indices = np.insert(np.arange(24) * 2 + 1, 0, 0).astype(np.uint16)
glBindVertexArray(self._vaos['top'])
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[2])
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertices.nbytes, vertices,
GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, ctypes.c_void_p(0))
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0)
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[3])
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indices.nbytes, indices,
GL_STATIC_DRAW)
# ---
glBindVertexArray(0)
glDeleteBuffers(4, vbo)
def build(self) -> bool:
"""
Build OpenGL Vertex Array for the object
This function gets automatically called if `self._vao` does not
exists in the first render cycle. Once the vba is built,
geometry changes or material display mode changes will not be
automatically effected. So, in every geometry or display mode
change, a `build` call is necessary.
If `self.static` is `True`, then the system assumes that another update
call is not expected, thus frees `_normals`, `_textcoords`,
`_vertices` and `_indices` lists to free memory.
So in this case, calling `build` function twice will result in
an invisible object (will not be drawn).
Returns:
bool
"""
if len(self._indices) == 0:
return False
# If we don't have a VAO yet, we need to create one
if not self.has_vao:
# Generate Vertex Array
self._vao = glGenVertexArrays(1)
# We need 5 buffers (vertex, normal, texcoord, color, indices)
self._vbos = glGenBuffers(5)
glBindVertexArray(self._vao)
# Material shader must be built when there is an active binding
# to vertex array
self.material.build_shader()
else:
# Ok, we already have vertex array object, just bind it to modify
glBindVertexArray(self._vao)
# Turn python arrays into C type arrays using Numpy.
# This is required for OpenGL. Python memory model is a bit
# different than raw memory model of C (OpenGL)
vertices = np.array(self._vertices, dtype=np.float32).flatten()
normals = np.array(self._normals, dtype=np.float32).flatten()
texcoords = np.array(self._texcoords, dtype=np.float32).flatten()
colors = np.array(self._vertex_colors, dtype=np.float32).flatten()
indices = np.array(self._indices, dtype=np.int32).flatten()
self._calc_bounds()
# OpenGL allocates buffers in different mechanisms between
# STATIC and DYNAMIC draw modes. If you select STATIC, then OpenGL
# will assume that object buffer will not change and allocate it in a
# more suitable way.
draw = GL_STATIC_DRAW
if not self.static:
draw = GL_DYNAMIC_DRAW
# Buffer overflow, we need more space.
if self._buffer_size < vertices.nbytes:
self._buffer_size = vertices.nbytes
self._buffer_size_changed = True
if self._t_buffer_size < texcoords.nbytes:
self._t_buffer_size = texcoords.nbytes
self._t_buffer_size_changed = True
# Bind Vertices
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self._vbos[0])
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0) # shader layout location
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, False, 0, ctypes.c_void_p(0))
if self._buffer_size_changed:
# glBufferData creates a new data area
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self._buffer_size, vertices, draw)
else:
# glBufferSubData just replaces memory area in buffer so it is
# much more efficient way to handle things.
glBufferSubData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0, vertices.nbytes, vertices)
# Bind Normals
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self._vbos[1])
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1) # shader layout location
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, False, 0, ctypes.c_void_p(0))
if self._buffer_size_changed:
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self._buffer_size, normals, draw)
else:
glBufferSubData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0, normals.nbytes, normals)
# Bind TexCoords
if len(self._texcoords) == len(self._vertices):
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self._vbos[2])
glEnableVertexAttribArray(2) # shader layout location
glVertexAttribPointer(2, 2, GL_FLOAT, False, 0, ctypes.c_void_p(0))
if self._t_buffer_size_changed:
glBufferData(
GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self._t_buffer_size, texcoords, draw
)
else:
glBufferSubData(
GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0, texcoords.nbytes, texcoords
)
# Bind Vertex Colors
if len(self._vertex_colors) == len(self._vertices):
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self._vbos[4])
glEnableVertexAttribArray(3) # shader layout location
glVertexAttribPointer(3, 3, GL_FLOAT, False, 0, ctypes.c_void_p(0))
self._has_vertex_colors = True
if self._buffer_size_changed:
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, self._buffer_size, colors, draw)
else:
glBufferSubData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0, colors.nbytes, colors)
self._buffer_size_changed = False
self._t_buffer_size_changed = False
# Bind Indices
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, self._vbos[3])
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indices.nbytes, indices, draw)
self._vertex_count = len(indices)
glBindVertexArray(0)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, 0)
if self.static:
# we can clear this data to free some more memory
glDeleteBuffers(4, self._vbos)
self._vbos = []
self._needs_update = False
return True
def dispose_buffer(buffer):
if buffer is not None:
glDeleteBuffers(1, (buffer, ))
def release(self, conn):
if self._hnd is not None:
conn.send_msg(lambda: glDeleteBuffers(self._hnd))
def create_vaos(self) -> None:
"""Bind VAOs to define vertex data."""
self._vao, self._vao_picking, self._vao_outline = glGenVertexArrays(3)
vbo = glGenBuffers(6)
# --- standard viewcube ---
vertices = glm.array.from_numbers(
ctypes.c_float,
1.0,
1.0,
1.0,
0.7,
0.7,
0.7,
1.0,
-1.0,
1.0,
0.7,
0.7,
0.7,
1.0,
-1.0,
-1.0,
0.4,
0.4,
0.4,
1.0,
1.0,
-1.0,
0.4,
0.4,
0.4,
-1.0,
1.0,
-1.0,
0.4,
0.4,
0.4,
-1.0,
1.0,
1.0,
0.7,
0.7,
0.7,
-1.0,
-1.0,
1.0,
0.7,
0.7,
0.7,
-1.0,
-1.0,
-1.0,
0.4,
0.4,
0.4,
)
indices = glm.array.from_numbers(
ctypes.c_uint,
0,
1,
2,
2,
3,
0,
0,
3,
4,
4,
5,
0,
0,
5,
6,
6,
1,
0,
1,
6,
7,
7,
2,
1,
7,
4,
3,
3,
2,
7,
4,
7,
6,
6,
5,
4,
)
glBindVertexArray(self._vao)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[0])
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertices.nbytes, vertices.ptr,
GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 24, ctypes.c_void_p(0))
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[1])
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertices.nbytes, vertices.ptr,
GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 24,
ctypes.c_void_p(12))
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1)
glBindBuffer(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[2])
glBufferData(GL_ELEMENT_ARRAY_BUFFER, indices.nbytes, indices.ptr,
GL_STATIC_DRAW)
# --- viewcube for picking ---
vertices = glm.array.from_numbers(
ctypes.c_float,
1.0,
-1.0,
1.0, # 1 front (id = 0)
-1.0,
-1.0,
1.0, # 6
-1.0,
-1.0,
-1.0, # 7
1.0,
-1.0,
-1.0, # 2
1.0,
1.0,
1.0, # 0 top (id = 1)
-1.0,
1.0,
1.0, # 5
-1.0,
-1.0,
1.0, # 6
1.0,
-1.0,
1.0, # 1
1.0,
1.0,
1.0, # 0 right (id = 2)
1.0,
-1.0,
1.0, # 1
1.0,
-1.0,
-1.0, # 2
1.0,
1.0,
-1.0, # 3
-1.0,
-1.0,
-1.0, # 7 bottom (id = 3)
-1.0,
1.0,
-1.0, # 4
1.0,
1.0,
-1.0, # 3
1.0,
-1.0,
-1.0, # 2
-1.0,
-1.0,
-1.0, # 7 left (id = 4)
-1.0,
-1.0,
1.0, # 6
-1.0,
1.0,
1.0, # 5
-1.0,
1.0,
-1.0, # 4
1.0,
1.0,
1.0, # 0 back (id = 5)
1.0,
1.0,
-1.0, # 3
-1.0,
1.0,
-1.0, # 4
-1.0,
1.0,
1.0, # 5
)
colors = np.zeros(72, dtype=np.float32)
colors[::3] = np.arange(6).repeat(4) / 255.0
glBindVertexArray(self._vao_picking)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[3])
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vertices.nbytes, vertices.ptr,
GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, ctypes.c_void_p(0))
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[4])
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, colors.nbytes, colors, GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, ctypes.c_void_p(0))
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1)
# --- outlined face of viewcube ---
border_colors = glm.array.from_numbers(ctypes.c_float, 0.0000, 0.4088,
0.9486).repeat(24)
glBindVertexArray(self._vao_outline)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[3])
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, ctypes.c_void_p(0))
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, vbo[5])
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, border_colors.nbytes, border_colors.ptr,
GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 0, ctypes.c_void_p(0))
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1)
# ---
glBindVertexArray(0)
glDeleteBuffers(6, vbo)
def __del__(self):
glDeleteBuffers(1, [self.id])