def BunchFunction(NumberofParticles):
PList = []
for i in range(NumberofParticles):
Proton = Charticle(
[0, 8E4, 0],
[(0.1 + (0.5 * i) / NumberofParticles) * constants.speed_of_light,
-(0.43 +
(0.556 * i) / NumberofParticles) * constants.speed_of_light, 0],
[0, 0, 0], 'Proton %s' % (i + 1), 1.67E-27, 1
) # 80E4 is top of mesosphere, cosmic ray speed range 0.43c - 0.996c
PList.append(Proton)
return (PList)
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import math
import copy
from scipy import constants
from pytest import approx
from Particle import Particle
from Particle import Charticle
from AtmosphereSupportFunctions import StoppingForce, NonRelativisticStoppingForce, Direction, ForceDirectionCheck
from AtmosphereFinal import Atmosphere
# To test: do pytest for each function in AtmosphereFinal, small tests to assert that each gives the expected value. With atmosphere function, calculate/find a database with the values we expect after the first time step of in the data frame, assert that these correct values equal those of the dataframe given by python.
# To initialise test: open terminal: view -> Terminal, once terminal loads, type in pytest, this runs pytest across all files in the folder. Currently not running my test. Fix this.
TestProton = Charticle(
[0, 8E4, 0],
[0.6 * constants.speed_of_light, -0.7 * constants.speed_of_light, 0],
[0, 0, 0], 'Proton', 1.67E-27, 1)
StationaryProton = Charticle([0, 8E4, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], 'Proton',
1.67E-27, 1)
def test_Stoppingforce(
): # check that relativistic stopping force gives correct value for a given input
assert StoppingForce(5.3E25, 1, 0.9, 1.36E-17) * 1E15 == approx(
-5.33,
rel=0.01) # Multiply by 1e15 as approx only has accuracy of 1E-12
def test_NonRelativisticStoppingforce(
): # check that non-relativistic stopping force gives correct value for a given input
assert NonRelativisticStoppingForce(
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import math
import copy
from scipy import constants
from Particle import Particle
from Particle import Charticle
#This file only works at relativistic speeds, at lower speeds, stoppingforce eqn breaks down.
Proton = Charticle([0, 2.5E4, 0], [2.3E7, -2.5E7, 0], [0, 0, 0], 'Proton',
1.67E-27, 1)
def StoppingForce(
eDensity, charge, beta,
V_excitation): # Note beta is different for each x, y, z direction
t1 = (4 * math.pi) / (constants.electron_mass * constants.speed_of_light *
constants.speed_of_light)
t2 = (eDensity * charge * charge) / (beta * beta)
t3 = (constants.elementary_charge *
constants.elementary_charge) / (4 * math.pi * constants.epsilon_0)
ln = np.log((2 * constants.electron_mass * constants.speed_of_light *
constants.speed_of_light * beta * beta) / (V_excitation *
(1 - beta * beta)))
t4 = ln - beta * beta
StoppingForce = -t1 * t2 * t3 * t3 * t4
return (StoppingForce)
def Direction(VelocityVector):
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import math
import copy
from scipy import constants
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from Particle import Particle
from Particle import Charticle
Proton = Charticle([0,0,0], [0,2.5E8,0], [0,0,0],'Proton', 1.67E-27, 1)
def StoppingForce(eDensity,charge,beta,V_excitation): # Note beta is different for each x, y, z direction
t1 = (4*math.pi)/(constants.electron_mass*constants.speed_of_light*constants.speed_of_light)
t2 = (eDensity*charge*charge)/(beta*beta)
t3 = (constants.elementary_charge*constants.elementary_charge)/(4*math.pi*constants.epsilon_0)
ln = np.log((2*constants.electron_mass*constants.speed_of_light*constants.speed_of_light*beta*beta)/(V_excitation*(1-beta*beta)))
t4 = ln - beta*beta
StoppingForce = -t1*t2*t3*t3*t4
return(StoppingForce)
def Direction(VelocityVector):
DirectionList = []
for i in range(len(VelocityVector)):
if VelocityVector[i] >= 0:
DirectionList.append(1)
else:
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import math
import copy
from scipy import constants
from Particle import Particle
from Particle import Charticle
from AtmosphereSupportFunctions import StoppingForce, NonRelativisticStoppingForce, Direction, ForceDirectionCheck
Proton = Charticle(
[0, 8E4, 0],
[0.6 * constants.speed_of_light, -0.7 * constants.speed_of_light, 0],
[0, 0, 0], 'Proton', 1.67E-27,
1) # 80E4 is top of mesosphere, cosmic ray speed range 0.43c - 0.996c
def Atmosphere(CosmicRay, RunTime):
time = 0.0
deltaT = 0.01 * RunTime
PositionList = [[], [], []]
VelocityList = [[], [], []]
AccerlerationList = [[], [], []]
TimeList = []
ListofDirections = Direction(CosmicRay.velocity)
for _ in np.arange(0, RunTime, deltaT):
TimeList.append(time)
beta = CosmicRay.beta()
import numpy as np
import math
import copy
from scipy import constants
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from Particle import Particle
from Particle import Charticle
proton = Charticle([0,1E3,0], [20000,20000,20000], [0,0,0],'Proton', 1.67E-27, 1E-19)
def Atmosphere(cray, eDensity, runtime):
#set initial values
t = 0.0
deltaT = 0.01*runtime
beta = cray.beta()
cray.gamma()
Ecray = cray.RelativisticKineticEnergy()
pos = [[],[],[]]
timelist = []
yvelocitylist = []
direction = []
import numpy as np
import math
import copy
from scipy import constants
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from Particle import Particle
from Particle import Charticle
proton = Charticle([0, 0, 0], [1E6, 1E6, 0], [0, 0, 0], 'Proton', 1.67E-27,
1E-19)
EField = np.array([0, 0.0001, 0])
BField = np.array([0, 0.0001, 0])
def zoomer(ChargedObject, runtime, deltaT):
t = 0
xpos = []
ypos = []
zpos = []
for _ in np.arange(0, runtime, deltaT):
ChargedObject.acceleration = (
ChargedObject.charge * EField + ChargedObject.charge *
(np.cross(ChargedObject.velocity, BField))) / ChargedObject.mass
ChargedObject.update(deltaT)
#print('chime = ',t, 'chosition = ',ChargedObject.position, 'chelocity= ',ChargedObject.velocity, 'chacceleration = ',ChargedObject.acceleration)
t += deltaT
xpos.append(ChargedObject.position[0])
ypos.append(ChargedObject.position[1])
import numpy as np
import math
import copy
from scipy import constants
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
from Particle import Particle
from Particle import Charticle
proton = Charticle([0, 0, 0], [2.996E8, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], 'Proton', 1.67E-27,
1E-19)
print(proton.gamma())
print(proton.RelativisticKineticEnergy())
beta = (np.linalg.norm(proton.velocity) / constants.speed_of_light)
print(beta)
#stopping power equation - this is energy loss per metre, need to find how to approximate energy loss per time step by working out distance travelled in each time step.
dEbydx = -(
((4 * math.pi) / (constants.electron_mass * constants.speed_of_light *
constants.speed_of_light)) *
((2.5E25 * proton.charge * constants.speed_of_light) / (beta * beta)) *
((constants.elementary_charge * constants.elementary_charge) /
(4 * math.pi * constants.epsilon_0) *
(constants.elementary_charge * constants.elementary_charge) /
(4 * math.pi * constants.epsilon_0)) * (math.log(
(2 * constants.elementary_charge * constants.speed_of_light *
constants.speed_of_light * beta * beta) /
(1.29E-17 *
(1 - beta * beta))) - beta * beta) * np.linalg.norm(proton.velocity))
print(constants.epsilon_0)
print(constants.electron_mass)