def demonstrate_min_stack():
minstack = MinStackADT()
numbers = input_array()
for num in numbers:
minstack.push(num)
while minstack.size() != 0:
print(minstack.min())
minstack.pop()
def input_matrix(prompt="arr : ") -> List[List[int]]:
"""
Jagged Array Is Possible : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagged_array
Notice : you need to be careful, on the no of columns you are putting
"""
row = int(input("rows :"))
matrix = []
for _ in range(row):
row = input_array(prompt)
matrix.append(row)
return matrix
def input_linked_list() -> Node:
"""
In our case, we do not need -1 to stop taking input
"""
linked_list_data = input_array()
temporary_node = Node(-9999999)
head = tail = temporary_node # To get rid off null check on head, in the loop
# tail : will work as the moving_pointer
for data in linked_list_data:
new_node = Node(data)
tail.next = new_node
tail = tail.next
return head.next # passing over the temporary_node
def input_interactive() -> GenericTreeNode:
"""
2 2
3 / | \
3 4 0 / | \
2 / | \
5 6 3 4 0
2 5 6 7 8
7 8 9 1
0
1
9
0
1
1
0
0
0
"""
root_value = int(input("Enter Root : "))
if root_value == -1: # Creating a empty tree - ie None
return None
root_node = GenericTreeNode(root_value)
queue = deque() # push at end, pop from front
queue.append(root_node)
while len(queue) != 0: # queue is not empty
curr_root = queue.popleft()
print(curr_root.data, "'s child count : ", end="")
child_count = int(input())
if child_count == 0:
continue
print("Children of " + str(curr_root.data))
children = input_array()
for child in children:
child_node = GenericTreeNode(child)
curr_root.children.append(child_node)
queue.append(child_node)
return root_node # The original root, Not modified
def input_linked_list_with_end_value(end_of_linked_list=-1) -> Node:
"""
Here to end the linked list input, end_of_linked_list value is required
By default the end_of_linked_list value is -1
"""
linked_list_data = input_array("LL :")
temporary_node = Node(-9999999)
head = tail = temporary_node # To get rid off null check on head, in the loop
# tail : will work as the moving_pointer
for data in linked_list_data:
if data == end_of_linked_list:
break
new_node = Node(data)
tail.next = new_node
tail = tail.next
return head.next # passing over the temporary_node
# both root should have same data and same no of childerns
if root_a.data != root_b.data or \
len(root_a.children) != len(root_b.children):
return False
children_count = len(root_b.children) # or len(root_a.children)
for i in range(children_count):
child_a = root_a.children[i]
child_b = root_b.children[i]
identical = is_structurally_identical(child_a, child_b)
if not identical:
return False # else keep on checking for other children pairs
return True # if not yet returned
if __name__ == "__main__":
tree_root_a = GenericTree.single_line_input(input_array())
tree_root_b = GenericTree.single_line_input(input_array())
print(is_structurally_identical(tree_root_a, tree_root_b))
"""
10 3 20 30 40 2 40 50 0 0 0 0
10 3 20 30 40 2 40 50 0 0 0 0
True <<< Output
10 3 20 30 40 2 40 50 0 0 0 0
10 3 2 30 40 2 40 50 0 0 0 0
False <<< Output
"""
return final_sorted_arr
def sort_array(arr) -> list:
if arr is None: # Edge case
print("Invalid Input")
return []
if len(arr) == 1 or len(
arr) == 0: # Base Case - Single Element Array Is Inherently Sorted
return arr
last_num = arr.pop() # Decreasing the input
sorted_array = sort_array(
arr) # Here it is of one less size, then our original problem
# Induction step : need to insert the last_num in the sorted_array, to fully sort current array A - Insertion Sort
full_size_sorted_array = insert_num_iteratively(sorted_array, last_num)
# full_size_sorted_array = insert_num_iteratively__using_binary_search(sorted_array, last_num)
return full_size_sorted_array
if __name__ == "__main__":
print(sort_array(input_array()))
"""
5 6 3 4 2 1 0
1 2 3 4 5
5 4 2 0 -1
"""
global diameter # Update diameter, when curr_diameter > left + right depth
diameter = max(diameter, left_depth + right_depth) # Notice
return max(left_depth, right_depth) + 1 # maximum_depth
def diameter_of_binary_tree(root: BinaryTreeNode) -> int:
find_depth(
root
) # basically find the diameter when we are processing the tree for finding depth
return diameter
if __name__ == "__main__":
tree_input = input_array()
tree_root = BinaryTree.single_line_input(tree_input)
BinaryTree.display(tree_root)
print("diameter : ", diameter_of_binary_tree(tree_root))
"""
1
/ \
2 3
/ \
4 5
1 2 3 4 5 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
"""
"""
0
/ \
def find_water(arr) -> int:
n = len(arr)
maxL = find_maximum_left_for_each(arr, n)
maxR = find_maximum_right_for_each(arr, n)
water_at_each_building = [
min(left_tall_building, right_tall_building) - curr_building_height
for left_tall_building, right_tall_building, curr_building_height in
zip(maxL, maxR, arr)
]
total_water = sum(water_at_each_building)
return total_water
# print(maxL)
# print(maxR)
# print(water_at_each_building)
if __name__ == "__main__":
building_heights = input_array(
) # A non-negative array, as these are buildings height
water = find_water(building_heights)
print(water)
"""
3 0 0 2 0 4 => 10
0 1 0 2 1 0 1 3 2 1 2 1 => 6
2 0 2 => 2
3 0 2 0 4 => 7
"""
dollar
*70 / |*0.8 \*0.9
rs. pound euro
| |
|*2 | * 0.04
xyz dinar
dinar 40 -> xyz dollar to dinar then dollar to xyz
70 * 0.04 --> total multiplier 70 * 2
Time
O(n) for tree traversal
O(M) to answer all the M queries
total = O(m + n)
Space
O(n) space for mapi : so that we can answer our M queriey in o(1) time
M Times
current_currency amount conversion_Currency
"""
if __name__ == "__main__":
input_array()
pass
from Stack.Aditya_Verma.Index__Greater_n_Smaller_Nums_To_Left_n_Right.NGL_Index import \
indexes_of_next_greater_element_to_left
from Utils.Array import input_array
# You can remove the first two if's, that will work too
# Optimized stack solution
# O(n) Time
# O(n) Space
def get_result_array(ngl_index_array):
length = len(ngl_index_array)
res = [-1] * length
for i in range(0, length):
res[i] = i - ngl_index_array[i]
return res
if __name__ == "__main__":
arr = input_array()
ngl_index_array = indexes_of_next_greater_element_to_left(arr)
print(get_result_array(ngl_index_array))
"""
10 5 11 10 20 12
100 80 60 70 60 75 85
"""
elif stack[-1][0] < curr: # stack_top < curr element Notice : compare-value
result[i] = stack[-1][1] # result is stack_top Notice : insert-index
elif stack[-1][0] >= curr: # stack_top >= curr element Notice : compare-value
while len(stack) != 0 and stack[-1][0] >= curr: # Notice : compare-value
stack.pop() # pop all elements greater then equal to curr, until the stack is empty
# By which of the above condition, the loop has ended
if len(stack) == 0:
result[i] = -1 # result is -1 <similar to our 1st condition>
else: # found an element smaller then curr_element
result[i] = stack[-1][1] # result is stack_top <similar to our 2nd condition> Notice : insert-index
# Handled the current element, We have processed it
stack.append((curr, i)) # Notice 0: value, 1: index
return result
if __name__ == "__main__":
buildings = input_array()
indexes = indexes_of_next_smaller_element_to_right(buildings)
print(indexes)
"""
6 2 5 4 5 1 6
[1, 5, 3, 5, 5, -1, -1]
"""
def segregate_negatives_and_positive__2pass(arr):
n = len(arr)
another_arr = [None] * n # empty list of similar size
left = 0
for num in arr:
if num < 0:
another_arr[left] = num
left += 1
for num in arr:
if num >= 0:
another_arr[left] = num
left += 1
# copy back to the original array
for i in range(0, n):
arr[i] = another_arr[i]
if __name__ == "__main__":
array = input_array()
segregate_negatives_and_positive__2pass(array)
print(array)
"""
-1 2 -3 4 5 6 -7 8 9
2 3 -1 -4 -6 # Reverse
4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 # Reverse containing 0
"""
for n in nums:
if n < first_smallest:
second_smallest = first_smallest
first_smallest = n
elif n < second_smallest and n != first_smallest: # To handle duplicate cases
second_smallest = n
if second_smallest == float("inf"):
print("There was no second smallest")
return first_smallest, None
else:
return first_smallest, second_smallest
if __name__ == "__main__":
array = input_array("List of integer numbers : ")
first, second = find_first_and_second_smallest(array)
print(first, second)
"""
------- Test cases -------
12 13 2 11 0 10
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
7 7 7 7 7 7 7 Imp
3 2 2 1 1 2 3 v.v.v Imp basically duplicate first and second smallest
Need special condition otherwise both first and second will be same ie, 1, 1
"""
# Not Inplace
def prefix_sum(array) -> list:
arr = [num for num in array] # making a copy of actual_array # Notice : only change
for i in range(1, len(array)): # From 1 to n-1
arr[i] = arr[i] + arr[i - 1]
return arr
# Via Itertools
def prefix_sum_via_itertools(array):
rolling_sum = itertools.accumulate(array, operator.add)
print(type(rolling_sum))
return list(rolling_sum)
if __name__ == "__main__":
given_array = input_array()
print_array_inline(prefix_sum(given_array))
print_array_inline(prefix_sum_via_itertools(given_array))
"""
Input : 6 3 -2 4 -1 0 -5
Result: 6 9 7 11 10 10 5
Input : 2 1 -2 4 8
Result: 2 3 1 5 13
"""
else:
C.append(B[b])
b += 1
# if B is exhausted then put all the elements of A
while a < len(A):
C.append(A[a])
a += 1
# if A is exhausted then put all the elements of B
while b < len(B):
C.append(B[b])
b += 1
return C
if __name__ == "__main__":
arrA = input_array()
arrB = input_array()
arr = merge_2_sorted_arrays(arrA, arrB)
print_array_inline(arr)
"""
arrA = 1 3 5 7 9
arrB = 0 2 4 6 8
arrA = 1 1 5 5 10
arrB = -1 0 0 1 1 8
"""
from Binary_Search.Aditya_Verma.First_n_Last_Occurrence_In_Sorted_Array.First_Occurrence_In_Sorted_Array import \
first_occurrence_in_sorted_array
from Binary_Search.Aditya_Verma.First_n_Last_Occurrence_In_Sorted_Array.Last_Occurrence_In_Sorted_Array import \
last_occurrence_in_sorted_array
from Utils.Array import input_array
if __name__ == "__main__":
array = input_array() # Expected sorted array
search_key = int(input())
first_index = first_occurrence_in_sorted_array(array, search_key)
last_index = last_occurrence_in_sorted_array(array, search_key)
print("{} \nKey : {} \nFirst Index : {} \nFirst Index : {}".format(
array, search_key, first_index, last_index))
"""
[] # Just put ENTER
1
[1]
1
1 1 1 1 1
1
1 2 2 2 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2
1 3 5 5 5 5 67 123 125
5
while i < len(arrivals) and j < len(
departures
): # Lengths of both array is same : Read the above concept ^^^^
if arrivals[i] < departures[j]:
platforms_required += 1
i += 1
else: # departures[j] < arrivals[i]
platforms_required -= 1
j += 1
max_platforms = max(platforms_required, max_platforms)
return max_platforms
if __name__ == "__main__":
arrival_times = input_array()
departure_times = input_array()
min_platforms = minimum_platforms(arrival_times, departure_times)
print(min_platforms)
"""
arrival = [0900 0940 0950 1100 1500 1800]
departure = [0910 1200 1120 1130 1900 2000]
3
arrival = [900 940]
departure = [910 1200]
1
"""
dp[items][capacity] = profit_after_NOT_choosing_curr_item
return dp[items][capacity]
def solve_01knapsack(weight, value, capacity):
if len(weight) != len(value):
raise ValueError("Invalid Item array")
dp = get_filled_matrix(row_size=len(weight) + 1,
col_size=capacity + 1,
fill=-1)
return max_profit_in_01knapsack(weight, value, capacity, dp)
if __name__ == "__main__":
wt = input_array()
val = input_array()
c = int(input("capacity : "))
print(solve_01knapsack(wt, val, c))
"""
wt = 1 3 4 5
val = 1 4 5 7
c = 7
wt = 4 5 1
val = 1 2 3
c = 4
wt = 4 5 1
val = 1 2 3
c = 3
from Utils.Array import input_array
"""
Given a list of x,y
can you tell if all these points lie on the same line
"""
def verify_straight_line(xy) -> bool:
slopes = set()
first_point_slope = xy[0][1] / xy[0][0]
slopes.add(first_point_slope)
for i in range(1, len(xy)):
point = xy[i]
slope = point[1] / point[0]
if slope not in slopes:
return False
return True
if __name__ == "__main__":
x_s = input_array()
y_s = input_array()
xy = [xy for xy in zip(x_s, y_s)]
print(verify_straight_line(xy))
"""
1 2 3
1 2 3
"""
finding_x_for_each_node__pre_order(root.left, x_table,
horizontal_distance - 1)
finding_x_for_each_node__pre_order(root.right, x_table,
horizontal_distance + 1)
def vertical_order(root):
x_table: Dict[int, list] = dict() # map of number, list
finding_x_for_each_node__pre_order(root, x_table)
for x in sorted(x_table.keys()):
print_array_inline(x_table[x])
if __name__ == "__main__":
tree_root = BinaryTree.single_line_input(input_array())
BinaryTree.display(tree_root)
vertical_order(tree_root)
"""
1
/ \
2 3
/ \ \
4 5 6
/ \
7 8
1 2 3 4 5 -1 6 7 -1 -1 8 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
Output
7
4
if curr_root is None or curr_root_state == 3:
# curr_root is popped out of the stack, and not pushed
continue
stack.append((curr_root, curr_root_state + 1)) # pushed curr_root with updated state
if curr_root_state == 0:
stack.append((curr_root.left, 0))
elif curr_root_state == 1:
stack.append((curr_root.right, 0))
elif curr_root_state == 2:
print(curr_root.data, end=" ")
if __name__ == "__main__":
tree_input = input_array(prompt="")
tree_root = BinaryTree.single_line_input(tree_input)
BinaryTree.display(tree_root)
do_postorder_traversal(tree_root)
print()
do_postorder_traversal_iteratively(tree_root)
"""
1
2 3
4 5 6
7 8
1 2 3 4 5 -1 6 7 -1 -1 8 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1 -1
"""
from Tree.GenericTree.GenericTree import GenericTree
from Utils.Array import input_array
def find_sum_of_all_nodes(root):
if root is None:
return 0 # no nodes, so sum is 0
subtree_sum = 0
for child in root.children:
subtree_sum += find_sum_of_all_nodes(child)
total_sum = subtree_sum + root.data
return total_sum
if __name__ == "__main__":
root = GenericTree.single_line_input(input_array())
# GenericTree.print_level_order(root)
print(find_sum_of_all_nodes(root))
"""
10 3 20 30 40 2 40 50 0 0 0 0
190
"""
if k == 1:
return arr[
0] # The first smallest will always be the 0th indexed element of the array
else:
k = k - 1 # Important Note : This is because we are skipping the 0th index
# Start from the index 1, and to check the uniqueness we can compare it with its previous one
# if unique will count it in the k (ie, k will decrease) else, we will skip it (ie, k will remain unchanged)
for i in range(1, len(arr)):
if arr[i] == arr[i - 1]:
continue # skipping, and not decreasing k
else: # arr[i] != arr[i - 1]:
k = k - 1
if k == 0:
return arr[i]
if __name__ == "__main__":
array = input_array("Arr : ")
k = int(input("k : "))
print(kth_smallest_via_sorting(array, k))
print(kth_smallest_via_sorting__handling_duplicity(array, k))
"""
12 3 5 7 19 k=2 - Random Sorted: 3 5 7 12 19 Result : 5
1 2 3 4 5 6 k=3 - Sorted Sorted: same Result : 3
9 8 7 6 5 4 k=3 - Reverse Sorted Sorted: 4 5 6 7 8 9 Result : 6
3 3 1 8 2 1 k=2 - Random with duplicates [Important] Sorted: 1 1 2 3 3 8 Result : 1 Correct : 2
Notice : Wrong Result - doesn't handle duplicity
To handle duplicity we would require to write more logic
"""