def main():
"""
Main common routine for show fex description
:return: None
"""
# Set up the command line options
creds = Credentials(['apic', 'nosnapshotfiles'],
description=("This application replicates the switch "
"CLI command 'show interface'"))
creds.add_argument('-s', '--switch',
type=str,
default=None,
help='Specify a particular switch id, e.g. "101"')
creds.add_argument('-f', '--fex',
type=str,
default=None,
help='Specify a particular FEX id, e.g. "101"')
group = creds.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
group.add_argument('-d', '--detail',
action='store_true',
help='Provide a detailed report (equivalent to "show fex detail"')
group.add_argument('-t', '--transceiver',
action='store_true',
help='Provide a transceiver report (equivalent to "show fex transceiver"')
group.add_argument('-v', '--version',
action='store_true',
help='Provide a version report (equivalent to "show fex version"')
args = creds.get()
fex_collector = FexCollector(args.url, args.login, args.password)
# Show interface description
fex_collector.show_fex(args.switch, args.fex, args.detail, args.transceiver, args.version)
def main():
"""
Main execution routine
"""
description = ('Simple application that logs on to the APIC'
' and displays usage information for a given DN')
creds = Credentials('apic', description)
creds.add_argument("-d",
"--dn_name",
help="DN to query for usage information")
args = creds.get()
session = Session(args.url, args.login, args.password)
resp = session.login()
if not resp.ok:
print('%% Could not login to APIC')
url = '/api/mo/{}.json?query-target=children&target-subtree-class=relnFrom'
url = url.format(args.dn_name)
resp = session.get(url)
if resp.ok:
used_by = resp.json()['imdata']
for item in used_by:
kls = next(iter(item))
attributes = item[kls]['attributes']
data.append((attributes['tDn'], kls))
print(tabulate(data, headers=["Used by", "Class"]))
def main():
"""
Main common routine for show interface description
:return: None
"""
# Set up the command line options
creds = Credentials(['apic', 'nosnapshotfiles'],
description=("This application replicates the switch "
"CLI command 'show interface fex'"))
creds.add_argument('-s',
'--switch',
type=str,
default=None,
help='Specify a particular switch id, e.g. "101"')
creds.add_argument('-i',
'--interface',
type=str,
default=None,
help='Specify a particular interface id, e.g. "po101"')
args = creds.get()
interface_collector = InterfaceCollector(args.url, args.login,
args.password)
interface_collector.show_summary(node=args.switch, intf_id=args.interface)
def main():
"""
Main common routine for show fex description
:return: None
"""
# Set up the command line options
creds = Credentials(['apic', 'nosnapshotfiles'],
description=("This application replicates the switch "
"CLI command 'show interface'"))
creds.add_argument('-s', '--switch',
type=str,
default=None,
help='Specify a particular switch id, e.g. "101"')
creds.add_argument('-f', '--fex',
type=str,
default=None,
help='Specify a particular FEX id, e.g. "101"')
group = creds.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
group.add_argument('-d', '--detail',
action='store_true',
help='Provide a detailed report (equivalent to "show fex detail"')
group.add_argument('-t', '--transceiver',
action='store_true',
help='Provide a transceiver report (equivalent to "show fex transceiver"')
group.add_argument('-v', '--version',
action='store_true',
help='Provide a version report (equivalent to "show fex version"')
args = creds.get()
fex_collector = FexCollector(args.url, args.login, args.password)
# Show interface description
fex_collector.show_fex(args.switch, args.fex, args.detail, args.transceiver, args.version)
def main():
"""
Main execution routine
:return: None
"""
creds = Credentials('apic')
creds.add_argument('--tenant', help='The name of Tenant')
creds.add_argument('--app', help='The name of ApplicationProfile')
creds.add_argument('--bd', help='The name of BridgeDomain')
creds.add_argument('--epg', help='The name of EPG')
creds.add_argument('--json', const='false', nargs='?', help='Json output only')
args = creds.get()
session = Session(args.url, args.login, args.password)
session.login()
tenant = Tenant(args.tenant)
app = AppProfile(args.app, tenant)
bd = BridgeDomain(args.bd, tenant)
epg = EPG(args.epg, app)
epg.add_bd(bd)
if args.json:
print(tenant.get_json())
else:
resp = session.push_to_apic(tenant.get_url(),
tenant.get_json())
if not resp.ok:
print('%% Error: Could not push configuration to APIC')
print(resp.text)
def main():
"""
Main common routine for show interface description
:return: None
"""
# Set up the command line options
creds = Credentials(['apic', 'nosnapshotfiles'],
description=("This application replicates the switch "
"CLI command 'show interface fex'"))
creds.add_argument('-s',
'--switch',
type=str,
default=None,
help='Specify a particular switch id, e.g. "101"')
args = creds.get()
# Login to APIC
apic = Session(args.url, args.login, args.password)
if not apic.login().ok:
print('%% Could not login to APIC')
return
# Show interface description
node_ids = get_node_ids(apic, args)
show_interface_fex(apic, node_ids)
def main():
"""
Main execution routine
:return: None
"""
creds = Credentials('apic')
creds.add_argument('--tenant', help='The name of Tenant')
creds.add_argument('--app', help='The name of ApplicationProfile')
creds.add_argument('--bd', help='The name of BridgeDomain')
creds.add_argument('--epg', help='The name of EPG')
creds.add_argument('--json',
const='false',
nargs='?',
help='Json output only')
args = creds.get()
session = Session(args.url, args.login, args.password)
session.login()
tenant = Tenant(args.tenant)
app = AppProfile(args.app, tenant)
bd = BridgeDomain(args.bd, tenant)
epg = EPG(args.epg, app)
epg.add_bd(bd)
if args.json:
print(tenant.get_json())
else:
resp = session.push_to_apic(tenant.get_url(), tenant.get_json())
if not resp.ok:
print('%% Error: Could not push configuration to APIC')
print(resp.text)
def main():
"""
Main common routine for show interface description
:return: None
"""
# Set up the command line options
creds = Credentials(['apic', 'nosnapshotfiles'],
description=("This application replicates the switch "
"CLI command 'show interface description'"))
creds.add_argument('-s', '--switch',
type=str,
default=None,
help='Specify a particular switch id, e.g. "101"')
creds.add_argument('-i', '--interface',
type=str,
default=None,
help='Specify a specific interface, e.g. "eth1/1"')
args = creds.get()
# Login to APIC
apic = Session(args.url, args.login, args.password)
if not apic.login().ok:
print('%% Could not login to APIC')
return
# Show interface description
node_ids = get_node_ids(apic, args)
apic_intf_classes = ['l1PhysIf', 'pcAggrIf', 'l3EncRtdIf', 'sviIf',
'tunnelIf', 'mgmtMgmtIf', 'l3LbRtdIf']
for apic_intf_class in apic_intf_classes:
show_interface_description(apic, node_ids, apic_intf_class=apic_intf_class,
specific_interface=args.interface)
def main():
"""
Main common routine for show interface description
:return: None
"""
# Set up the command line options
creds = Credentials(['apic', 'nosnapshotfiles'],
description=("This application replicates the switch "
"CLI command 'show interface description'"))
creds.add_argument('-s', '--switch',
type=str,
default=None,
help='Specify a particular switch id, e.g. "101"')
creds.add_argument('-i', '--interface',
type=str,
default=None,
help='Specify a specific interface, e.g. "eth1/1"')
args = creds.get()
# Login to APIC
apic = Session(args.url, args.login, args.password)
if not apic.login().ok:
print('%% Could not login to APIC')
return
# Show interface description
node_ids = get_node_ids(apic, args)
apic_intf_classes = ['l1PhysIf', 'pcAggrIf', 'l3EncRtdIf', 'sviIf',
'tunnelIf', 'mgmtMgmtIf', 'l3LbRtdIf']
for apic_intf_class in apic_intf_classes:
show_interface_description(apic, node_ids, apic_intf_class=apic_intf_class,
specific_interface=args.interface)
def main():
"""
Main execution routine
"""
description = ('Simple application that logs on to the APIC'
' and displays usage information for a given DN')
creds = Credentials('apic', description)
creds.add_argument("-d", "--dn_name",
help="DN to query for usage information")
args = creds.get()
session = Session(args.url, args.login, args.password)
resp = session.login()
if not resp.ok:
print('%% Could not login to APIC')
url = '/api/mo/{}.json?query-target=children&target-subtree-class=relnFrom'
url = url.format(args.dn_name)
resp = session.get(url)
if resp.ok:
used_by = resp.json()['imdata']
for item in used_by:
kls = next(iter(item))
attributes = item[kls]['attributes']
data.append((attributes['tDn'], kls))
print(tabulate(data, headers=["Used by", "Class"]))
def main():
"""
Main execution routine
:return: None
"""
# Take login credentials from the command line if provided
# Otherwise, take them from your environment variables file ~/.profile
description = (
'Application dealing with tenant configuration. '
'It can download a tenant configuration from the APIC and store it as raw JSON in a file. '
'It can also push a tenant configuration stored as raw JSON in a file to the APIC.'
)
creds = Credentials(('apic', 'nosnapshotfiles'), description)
creds.add_argument(
'--config',
default=None,
help='Configuration file to push/pull tenant configuration')
creds.add_argument('--tenant', default=None, help='Tenant name')
group = creds.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
group.add_argument('--push-to-apic',
action='store_true',
help='Push the tenant configuration file to the APIC')
group.add_argument('--pull-from-apic',
action='store_true',
help=('Pull the tenant configuration from the APIC and'
'store in the specified configuration file'))
# Get the command line arguments
args = creds.get()
# Sanity check the command line arguments
if args.config is None:
print '%% No configuration file given.'
creds.print_help()
return
if args.tenant is None:
print '%% No Tenant name given.'
creds.print_help()
return
if not args.push_to_apic and not args.pull_from_apic:
print '%% No direction (push-to-apic/pull-from-apic) given.'
creds.print_help()
return
# Login to APIC
session = Session(args.url, args.login, args.password)
resp = session.login()
if not resp.ok:
print '%% Could not login to APIC'
return
# Do the work
if args.pull_from_apic:
pull_config_from_apic(session, args.tenant, args.config)
if args.push_to_apic:
push_config_to_apic(session, args.tenant, args.config)
def main():
# Set up the Command Line options
creds = Credentials(('apic', 'nosnapshotfiles'), description='')
creds.add_argument('--printonly', action='store_true',
help='Only print the JSON but do not push to APIC.')
group = creds.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
group.add_argument('--config', default=None,
help='Optional .ini file providing failure scenario configuration')
group.add_argument('--delete', action='store_true',
help='Delete ALL of the randomized configuration from the APIC')
args = creds.get()
# Login to APIC
session = Session(args.url, args.login, args.password)
resp = session.login()
if not resp.ok:
print('%% Could not login to APIC')
print resp.status_code, resp.text
return
# Handle the delete case
if args.delete:
delete_all_randomized_tenants(session)
return
# Ensure that a config file has been given
if args.config is None:
print '%% Expected --config or --delete option'
return
config = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
config.read(args.config)
randomizer = ConfigRandomizer(config)
interfaces = ['eth 1/101/1/17', 'eth 1/102/1/17']
randomizer.create_random_config(interfaces)
flows = randomizer.get_flows(1)
flow_json = []
for flow in flows:
flow_json.append(flow.get_json())
flow_json = json.dumps({'flows': flow_json})
for tenant in randomizer.tenants:
print 'TENANT CONFIG'
print '-------------'
print tenant.get_json()
print
print
if not args.printonly:
resp = tenant.push_to_apic(session)
if not resp.ok:
print resp.status_code, resp.text
assert resp.ok
print 'Total number of tenants pushed:', len(randomizer.tenants)
def main():
"""
Main execution routine
:return: None
"""
# Take login credentials from the command line if provided
# Otherwise, take them from your environment variables file ~/.profile
description = ('Application dealing with tenant configuration. '
'It can download a tenant configuration from the APIC and store it as raw JSON in a file. '
'It can also push a tenant configuration stored as raw JSON in a file to the APIC.')
creds = Credentials(('apic', 'nosnapshotfiles'), description)
creds.add_argument('--config', default=None, help='Configuration file to push/pull tenant configuration')
creds.add_argument('--tenant', default=None, help='Tenant name')
group = creds.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
group.add_argument('--push-to-apic', action='store_true',
help='Push the tenant configuration file to the APIC')
group.add_argument('--pull-from-apic', action='store_true',
help=('Pull the tenant configuration from the APIC and'
'store in the specified configuration file'))
# Get the command line arguments
args = creds.get()
# Sanity check the command line arguments
if args.config is None:
print '%% No configuration file given.'
creds.print_help()
return
if args.tenant is None:
print '%% No Tenant name given.'
creds.print_help()
return
if not args.push_to_apic and not args.pull_from_apic:
print '%% No direction (push-to-apic/pull-from-apic) given.'
creds.print_help()
return
# Login to APIC
session = Session(args.url, args.login, args.password)
resp = session.login()
if not resp.ok:
print '%% Could not login to APIC'
return
# Do the work
if args.pull_from_apic:
pull_config_from_apic(session, args.tenant, args.config)
if args.push_to_apic:
push_config_to_apic(session, args.tenant, args.config)
def main():
"""
Main execution routine
"""
description = (
'Simple application that logs on to the APIC'
' and displays all the tenant info of the contract_interface related to the imported contract.'
)
creds = Credentials('apic', description)
creds.add_argument("-t",
"--tenant_name",
help="Tenant Name of where the contract is created")
creds.add_argument("-i", "--contract_name", help="Imported Contract Name")
args = creds.get()
if (args.tenant_name is not None) and (args.contract_name is None):
args.contract_name = raw_input("Contract Name: ")
session = Session(args.url, args.login, args.password)
resp = session.login()
if not resp.ok:
print('%% Could not login to APIC')
tenants = Tenant.get_deep(session)
for tenant in tenants:
contracts_interfaces = tenant.get_children(
only_class=ContractInterface)
for contract_interface in contracts_interfaces:
imported_contract = contract_interface.get_import_contract()
if imported_contract is not None:
if args.tenant_name is not None:
if (imported_contract.name == args.contract_name) and (
imported_contract.get_parent().name
== args.tenant_name):
apps = AppProfile.get(session, tenant)
for app in apps:
epgs = EPG.get(session, app, tenant)
for epg in epgs:
data.append((imported_contract.name,
tenant.name, app.name, epg.name))
else:
apps = AppProfile.get(session, tenant)
for app in apps:
epgs = EPG.get(session, app, tenant)
for epg in epgs:
data.append((imported_contract.name, tenant.name,
app.name, epg.name))
print tabulate(
data, headers=["IMPORTED_CONTRACT", "TENANT", "APP_PROFILE", "EPG"])
def main():
# Set up the Command Line options
creds = Credentials(('apic', 'nosnapshotfiles'), description='')
creds.add_argument('--printonly',
action='store_true',
help='Only print the JSON but do not push to APIC.')
creds.add_argument('--testloop',
action='store_true',
help='Run in a continual testing loop.')
group = creds.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
group.add_argument(
'--config',
default=None,
help='Optional .ini file providing failure scenario configuration')
group.add_argument(
'--delete',
action='store_true',
help='Delete ALL of the randomized configuration from the APIC')
args = creds.get()
# Login to APIC
session = Session(args.url, args.login, args.password)
resp = session.login()
if not resp.ok:
print('%% Could not login to APIC')
print resp.status_code, resp.text
return
# Handle the delete case
if args.delete:
delete_all_randomized_tenants(session)
return
# Ensure that a config file has been given
if args.config is None:
print '%% Expected --config or --delete option'
return
if args.testloop:
while True:
generate_config(session, args)
time.sleep(random_number(5, 30))
delete_all_randomized_tenants(session)
time.sleep(random_number(5, 30))
else:
generate_config(session, args)
def main():
"""
Main show Subnets routine
:return: None
"""
# Take login credentials from the command line if provided
# Otherwise, take them from your environment variables file ~/.profile
description = ('Simple application that logs on to the APIC'
' and displays all of the Subnets.')
creds = Credentials('apic', description)
creds.add_argument('--tenant', help='The name of Tenant')
args = creds.get()
# Login to APIC
session = Session(args.url, args.login, args.password)
resp = session.login()
if not resp.ok:
print('%% Could not login to APIC')
# Download all of the tenants, app profiles, and Subnets
# and store the names as tuples in a list
tenants = Tenant.get(session)
for tenant in tenants:
check_longest_name(tenant.name, "Tenant")
if args.tenant is None:
get_subnet(session, tenant)
else:
if tenant.name == args.tenant:
get_subnet(session, tenant)
# Display the data downloaded
template = '{0:' + str(longest_names["Tenant"]) + '} ' \
'{1:' + str(longest_names["Application Profile"]) + '} ' \
'{2:' + str(longest_names["Bridge Domain"]) + '} ' \
'{3:' + str(longest_names["Subnet"]) + '} ' \
'{4:' + str(longest_names["Scope"]) + '}'
print(template.format("Tenant", "Application Profile",
"Bridge Domain", "Subnet", "Scope"))
print(template.format('-' * longest_names["Tenant"],
'-' * longest_names["Application Profile"],
'-' * longest_names["Bridge Domain"],
'-' * longest_names["Subnet"],
'-' * longest_names["Scope"]))
for rec in sorted(data):
print(template.format(*rec))
def main():
# Set up the Command Line options
creds = Credentials(('apic', 'nosnapshotfiles'), description='')
creds.add_argument('--printonly', action='store_true',
help='Only print the JSON but do not push to APIC.')
creds.add_argument('--testloop', action='store_true',
help='Run in a continual testing loop.')
group = creds.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
group.add_argument('--config', default=None,
help='Optional .ini file providing failure scenario configuration')
group.add_argument('--delete', action='store_true',
help='Delete ALL of the randomized configuration from the APIC')
args = creds.get()
# Login to APIC
session = Session(args.url, args.login, args.password)
resp = session.login()
if not resp.ok:
print('%% Could not login to APIC')
print resp.status_code, resp.text
return
# Handle the delete case
if args.delete:
delete_all_randomized_tenants(session)
return
# Ensure that a config file has been given
if args.config is None:
print '%% Expected --config or --delete option'
return
if args.testloop:
while True:
generate_config(session, args)
time.sleep(random_number(5, 30))
delete_all_randomized_tenants(session)
time.sleep(random_number(5, 30))
else:
generate_config(session, args)
def main():
"""
Main common routine for show interface description
:return: None
"""
# Set up the command line options
creds = Credentials(['apic', 'nosnapshotfiles'],
description=("This application replicates the switch "
"CLI command 'show interface fex'"))
creds.add_argument('-s', '--switch',
type=str,
default=None,
help='Specify a particular switch id, e.g. "101"')
creds.add_argument('-i', '--interface',
type=str,
default=None,
help='Specify a particular interface id, e.g. "eth1/10"')
creds.add_argument('-b', '--brief',
action='store_true',
help='Display a brief summary')
args = creds.get()
if args.brief:
interface_collector = InterfaceBriefCollector(args.url, args.login, args.password)
interface_collector.show_brief(node=args.switch, intf_id=args.interface)
else:
interface_collector = InterfaceDetailedCollector(args.url, args.login, args.password)
interface_collector.show_detailed(node=args.switch, intf_id=args.interface)
def main():
"""
Main common routine for show interface description
:return: None
"""
# Set up the command line options
creds = Credentials(['apic', 'nosnapshotfiles'],
description=("This application replicates the switch "
"CLI command 'show interface fex'"))
creds.add_argument('-s', '--switch',
type=str,
default=None,
help='Specify a particular switch id, e.g. "101"')
creds.add_argument('-i', '--interface',
type=str,
default=None,
help='Specify a particular interface id, e.g. "eth1/10"')
creds.add_argument('-b', '--brief',
action='store_true',
help='Display a brief summary')
args = creds.get()
if args.brief:
interface_collector = InterfaceBriefCollector(args.url, args.login, args.password)
interface_collector.show_brief(node=args.switch, intf_id=args.interface)
else:
interface_collector = InterfaceDetailedCollector(args.url, args.login, args.password)
interface_collector.show_detailed(node=args.switch, intf_id=args.interface)
def main():
"""
Main common routine for show interface description
:return: None
"""
# Set up the command line options
creds = Credentials(['apic', 'nosnapshotfiles'],
description=("This application replicates the switch "
"CLI command 'show interface fex'"))
creds.add_argument('-s', '--switch',
type=str,
default=None,
help='Specify a particular switch id, e.g. "101"')
creds.add_argument('-i', '--interface',
type=str,
default=None,
help='Specify a particular interface id, e.g. "po101"')
args = creds.get()
interface_collector = InterfaceCollector(args.url, args.login, args.password)
interface_collector.show_summary(node=args.switch, intf_id=args.interface)
def main():
"""
Main execution routine
"""
description = ('Simple application that logs on to the APIC'
' and displays all the tenant info of the contract_interface related to the imported contract.')
creds = Credentials('apic', description)
creds.add_argument("-t", "--tenant_name", help="Tenant Name of where the contract is created")
creds.add_argument("-i", "--contract_name", help="Imported Contract Name")
args = creds.get()
if (args.tenant_name is not None) and (args.contract_name is None):
args.contract_name = raw_input("Contract Name: ")
session = Session(args.url, args.login, args.password)
resp = session.login()
if not resp.ok:
print('%% Could not login to APIC')
tenants = Tenant.get_deep(session)
for tenant in tenants:
contracts_interfaces = tenant.get_children(only_class=ContractInterface)
for contract_interface in contracts_interfaces:
imported_contract = contract_interface.get_import_contract()
if imported_contract is not None:
if args.tenant_name is not None:
if (imported_contract.name == args.contract_name) and (imported_contract.get_parent().name == args.tenant_name):
apps = AppProfile.get(session, tenant)
for app in apps:
epgs = EPG.get(session, app, tenant)
for epg in epgs:
data.append((imported_contract.name, tenant.name, app.name, epg.name))
else:
apps = AppProfile.get(session, tenant)
for app in apps:
epgs = EPG.get(session, app, tenant)
for epg in epgs:
data.append((imported_contract.name, tenant.name, app.name, epg.name))
print tabulate(data, headers=["IMPORTED_CONTRACT", "TENANT", "APP_PROFILE", "EPG"])
def main():
"""
Main show EPGs routine
:return: None
"""
# Login to APIC
description = ('Simple application that logs on to the APIC'
' and displays all of the EPGs.')
creds = Credentials('apic', description)
creds.add_argument('--tenant', help='The name of Tenant')
args = creds.get()
session = Session(args.url, args.login, args.password)
resp = session.login()
if not resp.ok:
print('%% Could not login to APIC')
# Download all of the tenants, app profiles, and EPGs
# and store the names as tuples in a list
tenants = Tenant.get(session)
for tenant in tenants:
check_longest_name(tenant.name, "Tenant")
if args.tenant is None:
get_epg(session, tenant)
else:
if tenant.name == args.tenant:
get_epg(session, tenant)
# Display the data downloaded
template = '{0:' + str(longest_names["Tenant"]) + '} ' \
'{1:' + str(longest_names["Application Profile"]) + '} ' \
'{2:' + str(longest_names["EPG"]) + '}'
print(template.format("Tenant", "Application Profile", "EPG"))
print(template.format('-' * longest_names["Tenant"],
'-' * longest_names["Application Profile"],
'-' * longest_names["EPG"]))
for rec in sorted(data):
print(template.format(*rec))
def main():
"""
Main common routine for show vlan ext, show vlan brief, and show vlan info
:return: None
"""
# Set up the command line options
creds = Credentials(['apic', 'nosnapshotfiles'],
description="This application replicates the switch CLI command 'show vlan extended'")
creds.add_argument('-s', '--switch',
type=str,
default=None,
help='Specify a particular switch id, e.g. "101"')
args = creds.get()
# Login to APIC
apic = Session(args.url, args.login, args.password)
if not apic.login().ok:
print('%% Could not login to APIC')
return
node_ids = get_node_ids(apic, args)
show_vlan_brief(apic, node_ids)
show_vlan_info(apic, node_ids)
def main():
"""
Main execution routine
"""
description = 'Simple application that logs on to the APIC and displays all of the Tenants.'
creds = Credentials('apic', description)
creds.add_argument("-d",
"--domain-name",
type=str,
help="list of domains. usage -d tennat.infra")
creds.add_argument(
"-t",
"--tenant-name",
type=str,
help=
"name of the tenant of which faults are to be displayed. If not given faults of all the tenants are shown"
)
creds.add_argument('--continuous',
action='store_true',
help='Continuously monitor for faults')
args = creds.get()
# Login to APIC
session = Session(args.url, args.login, args.password)
resp = session.login()
if not resp.ok:
print('%% Could not login to APIC')
return
faults_obj = Faults()
fault_filter = None
if args.domain_name is not None:
fault_filter = {'domain': args.domain_name.split(',')}
tenant_name = None
if args.tenant_name is not None:
tenant_name = args.tenant_name
faults_obj.subscribe_faults(session, fault_filter)
while faults_obj.has_faults(session, fault_filter) or args.continuous:
if faults_obj.has_faults(session, fault_filter):
faults = faults_obj.get_faults(session,
fault_filter=fault_filter,
tenant_name=tenant_name)
if faults is not None:
for fault in faults:
if fault is not None:
print("---------------")
if fault.descr is not None:
print(" descr : " + fault.descr)
else:
print(" descr : " + " ")
print(" dn : " + fault.dn)
print(" rule : " + fault.rule)
print(" severity : " + fault.severity)
print(" type : " + fault.type)
print(" domain : " + fault.domain)
def main():
"""
Main execution routine
"""
description = 'Simple application that logs on to the APIC and displays all of the Tenants.'
creds = Credentials('apic', description)
creds.add_argument(
"-d",
"--domain-name",
type=str,
help="list of domains. usage -d tennat.infra")
creds.add_argument(
"-t",
"--tenant-name",
type=str,
help="name of the tenant of which faults are to be displayed. If not given faults of all the tenants are shown")
creds.add_argument('--continuous', action='store_true',
help='Continuously monitor for faults')
args = creds.get()
# Login to APIC
session = Session(args.url, args.login, args.password)
resp = session.login()
if not resp.ok:
print('%% Could not login to APIC')
return
faults_obj = Faults()
fault_filter = None
if args.domain_name is not None:
fault_filter = {'domain': args.domain_name.split(',')}
tenant_name = None
if args.tenant_name is not None:
tenant_name = args.tenant_name
faults_obj.subscribe_faults(session, fault_filter)
while faults_obj.has_faults(session, fault_filter) or args.continuous:
if faults_obj.has_faults(session, fault_filter):
faults = faults_obj.get_faults(
session, fault_filter=fault_filter, tenant_name=tenant_name)
if faults is not None:
for fault in faults:
if fault is not None:
print "---------------"
if fault.descr is not None:
print " descr : " + fault.descr
else:
print " descr : " + " "
print " dn : " + fault.dn
print " rule : " + fault.rule
print " severity : " + fault.severity
print " type : " + fault.type
print " domain : " + fault.domain
def main():
"""
Main create tenant routine
:return: None
"""
# Get all the arguments
description = 'It logs in to the APIC and will delete tenants named with the specified string.'
creds = Credentials(['apic', 'nosnapshotfiles'], description)
group = creds.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
group.add_argument('--startswith',
default=None,
help='String to match that starts the tenant name')
group.add_argument('--endswith',
default=None,
help='String to match that ends the tenant name')
group.add_argument('--exactmatch',
default=None,
help='String that exactly matches the tenant name')
group.add_argument('--contains',
default=None,
help='String that is contained in the tenant name')
creds.add_argument(
'--force',
action='store_true',
help='Attempt to remove the tenants without prompting for confirmation'
)
args = creds.get()
# Login to the APIC
apic = Session(args.url, args.login, args.password)
resp = apic.login()
if not resp.ok:
print('%% Could not login to APIC')
# Get all of the Tenants
tenants = Tenant.get(apic)
# Find the list of Tenants to delete according to command line options
tenants_to_delete = []
for tenant in tenants:
if args.startswith is not None:
if tenant.name.startswith(args.startswith):
tenants_to_delete.append(tenant)
elif args.endswith is not None:
if tenant.name.endswith(args.endswith):
tenants_to_delete.append(tenant)
elif args.exactmatch is not None:
if args.exactmatch == tenant.name:
tenants_to_delete.append(tenant)
elif args.contains is not None:
if args.contains in tenant.name:
tenants_to_delete.append(tenant)
# Query the user to be sure of deletion
if not args.force:
for tenant in tenants_to_delete:
prompt = 'Delete tenant %s ? [y/N]' % tenant.name
try:
resp = raw_input(prompt)
except NameError:
resp = input(prompt)
if not resp.lower().startswith('y'):
tenants_to_delete.remove(tenant)
print('Skipping tenant', tenant.name)
# Delete the tenants
for tenant in tenants_to_delete:
tenant.mark_as_deleted()
resp = tenant.push_to_apic(apic)
if resp.ok:
print('Deleted tenant', tenant.name)
else:
print('Could not delete tenant', tenant.name)
print resp.text
def main():
"""
Main create tenant routine
:return: None
"""
# Get all the arguments
description = 'It logs in to the APIC and will delete tenants named with the specified string.'
creds = Credentials(['apic', 'nosnapshotfiles'], description)
group = creds.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
group.add_argument('--startswith', default=None,
help='String to match that starts the tenant name')
group.add_argument('--endswith', default=None,
help='String to match that ends the tenant name')
group.add_argument('--exactmatch', default=None,
help='String that exactly matches the tenant name')
group.add_argument('--contains', default=None,
help='String that is contained in the tenant name')
creds.add_argument('--force', action='store_true',
help='Attempt to remove the tenants without prompting for confirmation')
args = creds.get()
# Login to the APIC
apic = Session(args.url, args.login, args.password)
resp = apic.login()
if not resp.ok:
print('%% Could not login to APIC')
# Get all of the Tenants
tenants = Tenant.get(apic)
# Find the list of Tenants to delete according to command line options
tenants_to_delete = []
for tenant in tenants:
if args.startswith is not None:
if tenant.name.startswith(args.startswith):
tenants_to_delete.append(tenant)
elif args.endswith is not None:
if tenant.name.endswith(args.endswith):
tenants_to_delete.append(tenant)
elif args.exactmatch is not None:
if args.exactmatch == tenant.name:
tenants_to_delete.append(tenant)
elif args.contains is not None:
if args.contains in tenant.name:
tenants_to_delete.append(tenant)
# Query the user to be sure of deletion
if not args.force:
for tenant in tenants_to_delete:
prompt = 'Delete tenant %s ? [y/N]' % tenant.name
try:
resp = raw_input(prompt)
except NameError:
resp = input(prompt)
if not resp.lower().startswith('y'):
tenants_to_delete.remove(tenant)
print 'Skipping tenant', tenant.name
# Delete the tenants
for tenant in tenants_to_delete:
tenant.mark_as_deleted()
resp = tenant.push_to_apic(apic)
if resp.ok:
print 'Deleted tenant', tenant.name
else:
print 'Could not delete tenant', tenant.name
print resp.text
def main():
"""
Main execution routine
:return: None
"""
# Take login credentials from the command line if provided
# Otherwise, take them from your environment variables file ~/.profile
description = 'Simple application that logs on to the APIC and displays all of the Interfaces.'
creds = Credentials('apic', description)
creds.add_argument('--tenant', help='The name of Tenant')
args = creds.get()
# Login to APIC
session = Session(args.url, args.login, args.password)
resp = session.login()
if not resp.ok:
print('%% Could not login to APIC')
sys.exit(0)
resp = session.get('/api/class/ipv4Addr.json')
intfs = json.loads(resp.text)['imdata']
for i in intfs:
ip = i['ipv4Addr']['attributes']['addr']
op = i['ipv4Addr']['attributes']['operSt']
cfg = i['ipv4Addr']['attributes']['operStQual']
dn = i['ipv4Addr']['attributes']['dn']
node = dn.split('/')[2]
intf = re.split(r'\[|\]', dn)[1]
vrf = re.split(r'/|dom-', dn)[7]
tn = vrf
if vrf.find(":") != -1:
tn = re.search("(.*):(.*)", vrf).group(1)
check_longest_name(node, "Node")
check_longest_name(intf, "Interface")
check_longest_name(ip, "IP Address")
check_longest_name(cfg, "Admin Status")
check_longest_name(op, "Status")
if args.tenant is None:
if vrf not in data.keys():
data[vrf] = []
else:
data[vrf].append((node, intf, ip, cfg, op))
else:
if tn == args.tenant:
if vrf not in data.keys():
data[vrf] = []
else:
data[vrf].append((node, intf, ip, cfg, op))
for k in data.keys():
header = 'IP Interface Status for VRF "{}"'.format(k)
print(header)
template = '{0:' + str(longest_names["Node"]) + '} ' \
'{1:' + str(longest_names["Interface"]) + '} ' \
'{2:' + str(longest_names["IP Address"]) + '} ' \
'{3:' + str(longest_names["Admin Status"]) + '} ' \
'{4:' + str(longest_names["Status"]) + '}'
print(
template.format("Node", "Interface", "IP Address", "Admin Status",
"Status"))
print(
template.format('-' * longest_names["Node"],
'-' * longest_names["Interface"],
'-' * longest_names["IP Address"],
'-' * longest_names["Admin Status"],
'-' * longest_names["Status"]))
for rec in sorted(data[k]):
print(template.format(*rec))
print('')
def main():
'''
Main Function
'''
# Setup Arguments utilizing the ACIToolkit Credentials Method
description = ('Help to determine EP movement during Maintenance Windows')
creds = Credentials('apic', description)
creds.add_argument('-v',
'--version',
action='version',
version='%(prog)s == {}'.format(__version__))
creds.add_argument("--debug",
dest="debug",
choices=["debug", "info", "warn", "critical"],
default="info",
help='Enable debugging output to screen')
creds.add_argument(
'--log',
action='store_true',
help=
'Write the output to a log file: {}.log. Automatically adds timestamp to filename'
.format(__file__.split(".py")[0]))
creds.add_argument(
'--list',
action='store_true',
help=
'Print out the list of Tenants / App Profiles / EPGs available to work with'
)
creds.add_argument(
'--filter',
help=
'Specify what to filter on. Eg: "tn-mipetrin" or "ap-mipetrin-AppProfile". Use --list to identify what can be used for filtering. Default = None'
)
creds.add_argument(
'--pre',
help=
'Write the data to a file of your choosing. Specify your prefix. Format will be JSON and this extension is automatically added'
)
creds.add_argument(
'--post',
help=
'Write the data to a file of your choosing. Specify your prefix. Format will be JSON and this extension is automatically added'
)
creds.add_argument(
'--compare',
nargs=2,
help=
'Compare the 2 files you specify. Be sure to pick a PRE and POST file')
creds.add_argument(
'--summary',
type=int,
help=
'Optionally, print out detailed summary of identified Endpoints greater than x (provide totals per Tenant/App/EPG/MAC/Encap)'
)
args = creds.get()
# Set up custom logger
setup_logger(logger, args.debug, args.log)
# If --suumary enabled, set up globals to then utlize the additonal calculations throughout code
if args.summary:
global detailed_summary
global detailed_summary_number
detailed_summary = True
detailed_summary_number = args.summary
# Due to creds / argparse above, will always need to provide APIC / User / Pass even if wanting to do local comparison of PRE/POST JSON files
# However, below check will ensure we actually only perform login if NOT doing a comparison. That is, if doing --compare, you can type ANY password even simply hitting enter
if not args.compare:
# Login to APIC only if NOT doing a comparison - as already have the data we need in the local JSON files
session = Session(args.url, args.login, args.password)
resp = session.login()
# Check if the login was successful
if not resp.ok:
logger.critical('Could not login to APIC')
my_error = resp.json()
logger.critical("Specific Error: {}".format(
my_error["imdata"][0]["error"]["attributes"]["text"]))
exit(0)
# Start time count at this point, otherwise takes into consideration the amount of time taken to input the password by the user
start_time = time.time()
logger.debug("Begin Execution of script")
# Order of precedence is to execute list of tenants, pre capture, post capture, compare
if args.list:
print_header("Gathering available information from APIC...")
get_raw_tenant_info(session)
elif args.pre:
print_header("Gathering 'PRE' Endpoints...")
# Setup Filename for PRE file (using user input) and global pre_suffix
my_filename_pre = args.pre + pre_suffix
# Confirm if user has selected any --filter
if args.filter:
get_fvCEp(session, my_filename_pre, args.filter)
else:
get_fvCEp(session, my_filename_pre, "None")
elif args.post:
print_header("Gathering 'POST' Endpoints...")
# Setup Filename for POST file (using user input) and global post_suffix
my_filename_post = args.post + post_suffix
# Confirm if user has selected any --filter
if args.filter:
get_fvCEp(session, my_filename_post, args.filter)
else:
get_fvCEp(session, my_filename_post, "None")
elif args.compare:
# Ensure *BOTH* the specified PRE and POST files exist. If not, throw error and explain which ones currently exist
# Look for the suffix that I auto append during the --pre and --post file generation
for file in args.compare:
if pre_suffix in file:
my_filename_pre = file
elif post_suffix in file:
my_filename_post = file
else:
logger.critical(
"Issue with file names supplied as don't contain the suffix defined. Are they the files generated by this script via the --pre / --post options?"
)
exit(0)
# Check that the files do in fact exist and are readable
if not os.path.isfile(my_filename_pre):
logger.critical(
"Need to ensure the PRE capture has been completed and readable"
)
exit(0)
# Check that the files do in fact exist and are readable
if not os.path.isfile(my_filename_post):
logger.critical(
"Need to ensure the POST capture has been completed and readable"
)
exit(0)
print_header("Analyzing 'PRE' Endpoints...")
analyze_file(my_filename_pre, "pre")
print_header("Analyzing 'POST' Endpoints...")
analyze_file(my_filename_post, "post")
print_header("Comparing 'PRE' and 'POST' Endpoints...")
compare_eps()
print_header("Endpoints with Movements...")
logger.info("\n" + tabulate(ep_tracker_diff,
headers=[
"Tenant", "App Profile", "EPG", "MAC",
"Stage", "Node", "Interface", "Encap"
],
tablefmt="grid"))
print_header("Endpoints only in PRE capture")
logger.info("\n" + tabulate(ep_only_in_pre_capture,
headers=[
"Tenant", "App Profile", "EPG", "MAC",
"Stage", "Node", "Interface", "Encap"
],
tablefmt="grid"))
print_header("Endpoints only in POST capture")
logger.info("\n" + tabulate(ep_only_in_post_capture,
headers=[
"Tenant", "App Profile", "EPG", "MAC",
"Stage", "Node", "Interface", "Encap"
],
tablefmt="grid"))
# Check if the --summary option is enabled
if detailed_summary:
print_header(
"(Moved/PRE/POST) Category entries that have a total greater than: {}"
.format(detailed_summary_number))
logger.debug(ep_category_summary)
ep_summary_data = "" # String object to print out detailed summary that will be built using code below
# Loop through EP Categories to then be stored in the string object "ep_summary_data"
for category, entries in ep_category_summary.iteritems():
ep_summary_data += "\n" + category.upper() + "\n"
# Then loop through each item within each category to highlight the particular Tenant/App/EPG/MAC/Encap
for item, number in entries.iteritems():
# Check if the current entry has a value greater than or equal to the value specified on the CLI
if number >= detailed_summary_number:
ep_summary_data += "{:6} == {}\n".format(number, item)
# Also provide a tally of the total amount of EPs that are in BOTH / PRE / POST - as identified
grand_total_eps = ep_summary["both"] + ep_summary[
"pre"] + ep_summary["post"]
ep_summary_data += "\nGRAND TOTAL\n"
ep_summary_data += "{:6} EPs across all captures\n".format(
grand_total_eps)
logger.info(ep_summary_data) # Print out the data
print_header("Summary")
# Structure of ep_summary{'pre': 11, 'post': 15, 'compare_ep_move_PRE.json': 11, 'compare_ep_move_POST.json': 15}
for key, value in sorted(ep_summary.iteritems(), reverse=True):
# Loop through dictionary and find if they are the .JSON filenames
if "json" in key:
if "pre" in key:
# Check for _PRE
logger.info("PRE Filename: {}".format(key))
logger.info(" Endpoints read: {}".format(value))
logger.info(" Captured on: {}\n".format(
ep_analysis_time["pre"]))
elif "post" in key:
# Check for _POST
logger.info("POST Filename: {}".format(key))
logger.info(" Endpoints read: {}".format(value))
logger.info(" Captured on: {}\n".format(
ep_analysis_time["post"]))
else:
logger.warning(
"ERROR with determiniation of PRE/POST filename in ep_summary"
)
# Print out analysis
logger.info("Endpoints with movement: {}".format(ep_summary["both"]))
logger.info("Endpoints only in PRE: {}".format(ep_summary["pre"]))
logger.info("Endpoints only in POST: {}\n".format(ep_summary["post"]))
if args.log:
logger.info("Log file written: {}\n".format(logging_filename))
else:
logger.critical(
"\nSomething wrong with your selections. Please try again or use the --help option\n"
)
creds.print_help()
finish_time = time.time() # Calculate finish time
logger.info("#" * 80)
logger.info("Started analysis @ {}".format(
time.asctime(time.localtime(start_time))))
logger.info("Ended analysis @ {}".format(
time.asctime(time.localtime(finish_time))))
logger.info("--- Total Execution Time: %s seconds ---" %
(finish_time - start_time))
logger.info("#" * 80)
def main():
"""
Main execution routine
:return: None
"""
# Take login credentials from the command line if provided
# Otherwise, take them from your environment variables file ~/.profile
description = 'Simple application that logs on to the APIC and displays all of the Interfaces.'
creds = Credentials('apic', description)
creds.add_argument('--tenant', help='The name of Tenant')
args = creds.get()
# Login to APIC
session = Session(args.url, args.login, args.password)
resp = session.login()
if not resp.ok:
print('%% Could not login to APIC')
sys.exit(0)
resp = session.get('/api/class/ipv4Addr.json')
intfs = json.loads(resp.text)['imdata']
for i in intfs:
ip = i['ipv4Addr']['attributes']['addr']
op = i['ipv4Addr']['attributes']['operSt']
cfg = i['ipv4Addr']['attributes']['operStQual']
dn = i['ipv4Addr']['attributes']['dn']
node = dn.split('/')[2]
intf = re.split(r'\[|\]', dn)[1]
vrf = re.split(r'/|dom-', dn)[7]
tn = vrf
if vrf.find(":") != -1:
tn = re.search("(.*):(.*)", vrf).group(1)
check_longest_name(node, "Node")
check_longest_name(intf, "Interface")
check_longest_name(ip, "IP Address")
check_longest_name(cfg, "Admin Status")
check_longest_name(op, "Status")
if args.tenant is None:
if vrf not in data.keys():
data[vrf] = []
else:
data[vrf].append((node, intf, ip, cfg, op))
else:
if tn == args.tenant:
if vrf not in data.keys():
data[vrf] = []
else:
data[vrf].append((node, intf, ip, cfg, op))
for k in data.keys():
header = 'IP Interface Status for VRF "{}"'.format(k)
print(header)
template = '{0:' + str(longest_names["Node"]) + '} ' \
'{1:' + str(longest_names["Interface"]) + '} ' \
'{2:' + str(longest_names["IP Address"]) + '} ' \
'{3:' + str(longest_names["Admin Status"]) + '} ' \
'{4:' + str(longest_names["Status"]) + '}'
print(template.format("Node", "Interface", "IP Address", "Admin Status", "Status"))
print(template.format('-' * longest_names["Node"],
'-' * longest_names["Interface"],
'-' * longest_names["IP Address"],
'-' * longest_names["Admin Status"],
'-' * longest_names["Status"]))
for rec in sorted(data[k]):
print(template.format(*rec))
print('')
def main():
"""
Main routine
:return: None
"""
# Login to APIC
description = ('Simple application that logs on to the APIC'
' and displays all of the External Subnets.')
creds = Credentials('apic', description)
creds.add_argument('-f', '--find_ip', help='IP address to search for')
args = creds.get()
session = Session(args.url, args.login, args.password)
resp = session.login()
if not resp.ok:
print('%% Could not login to APIC')
if not args.find_ip:
print("Error: -f|--find_ip <ip_address> argument required")
sys.exit(1)
print("searching for " + args.find_ip)
# Download all of the tenants, app profiles, and Subnets
# and store the names as tuples in two lists
priv = []
publ = []
ip = args.find_ip
tenants = Tenant.get_deep(session, limit_to=['fvTenant',
'fvSubnet',
'l3extOut',
'l3extInstP',
'l3extSubnet'])
for tenant in tenants:
apps = AppProfile.get(session, tenant)
for app in apps:
bds = BridgeDomain.get(session, tenant)
for bd in bds:
subnets = Subnet.get(session, bd, tenant)
for subnet in subnets:
net = IPNetwork(subnet.addr)
if net.Contains(IPNetwork(ip)):
priv.append((tenant.name, app.name, bd.name,
subnet.addr, subnet.get_scope()))
for tenant in tenants:
outside_l3s = tenant.get_children(only_class=OutsideL3)
for outside_l3 in outside_l3s:
outside_epgs = outside_l3.get_children(only_class=OutsideEPG)
for outside_epg in outside_epgs:
outside_networks = outside_epg.get_children(only_class=OutsideNetwork)
for outside_network in outside_networks:
net = IPNetwork(outside_network.addr)
if net.Contains(IPNetwork(ip)):
publ.append((tenant.name,
outside_l3.name,
outside_epg.name,
outside_network.addr,
outside_network.get_scope()))
# Display
template = "{0:20} {1:20} {2:20} {3:18} {4:15}"
if len(priv):
print("")
print(template.format("Tenant",
"App",
"Bridge Domain",
"Subnet",
"Scope"))
print(template.format("-" * 20,
"-" * 20,
"-" * 20,
"-" * 18,
"-" * 15))
for rec in priv:
print(template.format(*rec))
if len(publ):
print("")
print(template.format("Tenant",
"OutsideL3",
"OutsideEPG",
"Subnet",
"Scope"))
print(template.format("-" * 20,
"-" * 20,
"-" * 20,
"-" * 18,
"-" * 15))
for rec in publ:
print(template.format(*rec))
def main():
"""
Main routine
:return: None
"""
# Login to APIC
description = ('Simple application that logs on to the APIC'
' and displays all of the External Subnets.')
creds = Credentials('apic', description)
creds.add_argument('-f', '--find_ip', help='IP address to search for')
args = creds.get()
session = Session(args.url, args.login, args.password)
resp = session.login()
if not resp.ok:
print('%% Could not login to APIC')
if not args.find_ip:
print("Error: -f|--find_ip <ip_address> argument required")
sys.exit(1)
print("searching for " + args.find_ip)
# Download all of the tenants, app profiles, and Subnets
# and store the names as tuples in two lists
priv = []
publ = []
ip = args.find_ip
tenants = Tenant.get_deep(session,
limit_to=[
'fvTenant', 'fvSubnet', 'l3extOut',
'l3extInstP', 'l3extSubnet'
])
for tenant in tenants:
apps = AppProfile.get(session, tenant)
for app in apps:
bds = BridgeDomain.get(session, tenant)
for bd in bds:
subnets = Subnet.get(session, bd, tenant)
for subnet in subnets:
net = IPNetwork(subnet.addr)
if net.Contains(IPNetwork(ip)):
priv.append(
(tenant.name, app.name, bd.name, subnet.addr,
subnet.get_scope()))
for tenant in tenants:
outside_l3s = tenant.get_children(only_class=OutsideL3)
for outside_l3 in outside_l3s:
outside_epgs = outside_l3.get_children(only_class=OutsideEPG)
for outside_epg in outside_epgs:
outside_networks = outside_epg.get_children(
only_class=OutsideNetwork)
for outside_network in outside_networks:
net = IPNetwork(outside_network.addr)
if net.Contains(IPNetwork(ip)):
publ.append((tenant.name, outside_l3.name,
outside_epg.name, outside_network.addr,
outside_network.get_scope()))
# Display
template = "{0:20} {1:20} {2:20} {3:18} {4:15}"
if len(priv):
print("")
print(
template.format("Tenant", "App", "Bridge Domain", "Subnet",
"Scope"))
print(template.format("-" * 20, "-" * 20, "-" * 20, "-" * 18,
"-" * 15))
for rec in priv:
print(template.format(*rec))
if len(publ):
print("")
print(
template.format("Tenant", "OutsideL3", "OutsideEPG", "Subnet",
"Scope"))
print(template.format("-" * 20, "-" * 20, "-" * 20, "-" * 18,
"-" * 15))
for rec in publ:
print(template.format(*rec))
import sys
import re
import json
import csv
import re
from acitoolkit import Credentials, Session
#Take login credentials from the command line if provided
# Otherwise, take them from your environment variables file ~/.profile
description = 'Application that logs on to the APIC, and extracts the EPG Static Paths for the user provided input Node ID'
creds = Credentials('apic', description)
creds.add_argument('--tenant', help='The name of Tenant')
args = creds.get()
# Login to APIC
session = Session(args.url, args.login, args.password)
resp = session.login()
if not resp.ok:
print('%% Could not login to APIC')
sys.exit(0)
while True:
try:
inputnode = input("Enter the Node ID: ")
if (len(inputnode) == 4):
nodeidint = int(inputnode)
break
else:
print("Node ID is INVALID ! try again")
continue
except ValueError:
