def main(N=10,
t_end=10 | units.Myr,
dt=1 | units.Myr,
filename="stellar.hdf5",
Mmin=1.0 | units.MSun,
Mmax=100 | units.MSun,
z=0.02,
C="SeBa"):
if C.find("SeBa") >= 0:
print "SeBa"
stellar = SeBa()
elif C.find("SSE") >= 0:
print "SSE"
stellar = SSE()
elif C.find("MESA") >= 0:
stellar = MESA()
elif C.find("EVtwin") >= 0:
stellar = EVtwin()
else:
print "No stellar model specified."
return
stellar.parameters.metallicity = z
mZAMS = new_salpeter_mass_distribution(N, Mmin, Mmax)
mZAMS = mZAMS.sorted()
bodies = Particles(mass=mZAMS)
stellar.particles.add_particles(bodies)
stellar.commit_particles()
write_set_to_file(stellar.particles, filename, 'hdf5')
Mtot_init = stellar.particles.mass.sum()
time = 0.0 | t_end.unit
while time < t_end:
time += dt
stellar.evolve_model(time)
write_set_to_file(stellar.particles, filename, 'hdf5')
Mtot = stellar.particles.mass.sum()
print "T=", time,
print "M=", Mtot, "dM[SE]=", Mtot / Mtot_init #, stellar.particles[0].stellar_type
T = []
L = []
r = []
import math
for si in stellar.particles:
T.append(math.log10(si.temperature.value_in(units.K)))
L.append(math.log10(si.luminosity.value_in(units.LSun)))
r.append(1.0 + 10 * si.radius.value_in(units.RSun))
stellar.stop()
pyplot.xlim(4.5, 3.3)
pyplot.ylim(-4.0, 3.0)
scatter(T, L, s=r)
pyplot.xlabel("$log_{10}(T/K)$")
pyplot.ylabel("$log_{10}(L/L_\odot)$")
pyplot.show()
def test1(self):
print "Test collect_required_attributes"
in_memory = self.new_colliders()
gravity = BHTree(nbody_system.nbody_to_si(1|units.MSun, 1.0|units.RSun))
gravity.particles.add_particles(in_memory)
stellar = SeBa()
stellar.particles.add_particles(in_memory)
collision = StellarEncounterInHydrodynamics(None, None, verbose=True)
self.assertFalse(hasattr(in_memory, "radius"))
collision.collect_required_attributes(in_memory, gravity, stellar)
self.assertTrue(hasattr(in_memory, "radius"))
self.assertAlmostRelativeEqual(in_memory.radius.sum(), 4.2458 | units.RSun, 3)
from_stellar = stellar.particles.copy()
for attribute in ["x", "y", "z", "vx", "vy", "vz"]:
self.assertFalse(hasattr(from_stellar, attribute))
collision.collect_required_attributes(from_stellar, gravity, stellar)
gravity.stop()
stellar.stop()
for attribute in ["x", "y", "z", "vx", "vy", "vz"]:
self.assertTrue(hasattr(from_stellar, attribute))
self.assertAlmostEqual(from_stellar.position, in_memory.position)
self.assertAlmostEqual(from_stellar.velocity, in_memory.velocity)
def test1(self):
print("Test collect_required_attributes")
in_memory = self.new_colliders()
gravity = BHTree(nbody_system.nbody_to_si(1|units.MSun, 1.0|units.RSun))
gravity.particles.add_particles(in_memory)
stellar = SeBa()
stellar.particles.add_particles(in_memory)
collision = StellarEncounterInHydrodynamics(None, None, verbose=True)
self.assertFalse(hasattr(in_memory, "radius"))
collision.collect_required_attributes(in_memory, gravity, stellar)
self.assertTrue(hasattr(in_memory, "radius"))
self.assertAlmostRelativeEqual(in_memory.radius.sum(), 4.2458 | units.RSun, 3)
from_stellar = stellar.particles.copy()
for attribute in ["x", "y", "z", "vx", "vy", "vz"]:
self.assertFalse(hasattr(from_stellar, attribute))
collision.collect_required_attributes(from_stellar, gravity, stellar)
gravity.stop()
stellar.stop()
for attribute in ["x", "y", "z", "vx", "vy", "vz"]:
self.assertTrue(hasattr(from_stellar, attribute))
self.assertAlmostEqual(from_stellar.position, in_memory.position)
self.assertAlmostEqual(from_stellar.velocity, in_memory.velocity)
def evolve_double_star(Mprim, Msec, a, e, end_time, n_steps):
double_star, stars = create_double_star(Mprim, Msec, a, e)
time = 0|units.Myr
time_step = end_time/n_steps
code = SeBa()
code.particles.add_particles(stars)
code.binaries.add_particles(double_star)
channel_from_code_to_model_for_binaries \
= code.binaries.new_channel_to(double_star)
t = [] | units.Myr
a = [] | units.RSun
e = []
while time < end_time:
time += time_step
code.evolve_model(time)
channel_from_code_to_model_for_binaries.copy()
t.append(time)
a.append(double_star[0].semi_major_axis)
e.append(double_star[0].eccentricity)
code.stop()
###BOOKLISTSTOP2###
fig = pyplot.figure(figsize=(8,6))
fta = fig.add_subplot(2,1,1)
fta.plot(t.value_in(units.Myr), a.value_in(units.AU))
pyplot.ylabel('semi major axis (AU)')
fte = fig.add_subplot(2,1,2)
fte.plot(t.value_in(units.Myr), e)
pyplot.ylabel('eccentricity')
pyplot.xlabel('time [Myr]')
pyplot.show()
def evolve_double_star(Mprim, Msec, a, e, end_time, n_steps):
double_star, stars = create_double_star(Mprim, Msec, a, e)
time = 0 | units.Myr
time_step = end_time / n_steps
code = SeBa()
code.particles.add_particles(stars)
code.binaries.add_particles(double_star)
channel_from_code_to_model_for_binaries \
= code.binaries.new_channel_to(double_star)
t = [] | units.Myr
a = [] | units.RSun
e = []
while time < end_time:
time += time_step
code.evolve_model(time)
channel_from_code_to_model_for_binaries.copy()
t.append(time)
a.append(double_star[0].semi_major_axis)
e.append(double_star[0].eccentricity)
code.stop()
###BOOKLISTSTOP2###
fig = pyplot.figure(figsize=(8, 6))
fta = fig.add_subplot(2, 1, 1)
fta.plot(t.value_in(units.Myr), a.value_in(units.AU))
pyplot.ylabel('semi major axis (AU)')
fte = fig.add_subplot(2, 1, 2)
fte.plot(t.value_in(units.Myr), e)
pyplot.ylabel('eccentricity')
pyplot.xlabel('time [Myr]')
pyplot.show()
def evolve_to_age(stars, age, stellar_evolution="SeBa"):
"Evolve stars to specified age with specified code"
if stellar_evolution == "SeBa":
from amuse.community.seba.interface import SeBa
stellar_evolution = SeBa()
elif stellar_evolution == "SSE":
from amuse.community.sse.interface import SSE
stellar_evolution = SSE()
# SSE can result in nan values for luminosity/radius
else:
raise "No such stellar evolution code %s or no code specified" % (
stellar_evolution
)
stellar_evolution.particles.add_particles(stars)
if age > 0 | units.yr:
stellar_evolution.evolve_model(age)
stars.luminosity = np.nan_to_num(
stellar_evolution.particles.luminosity.value_in(units.LSun)
) | units.LSun
stars.radius = stellar_evolution.particles.radius
# prevent zero/nan radius.
x = np.where(
np.nan_to_num(
stars.radius.value_in(units.RSun)
) == 0.
)
stars[x].radius = 0.01 | units.RSun
stellar_evolution.stop()
return
def simulate_stellar_evolution(particles, endtime):
stellar_evolution = SeBa()
stellar_evolution.particles.add_particles(particles)
from_code_to_model = stellar_evolution.particles.new_channel_to(particles)
print("Evolving {0} stars using {1} up to {2}.".format(len(particles), stellar_evolution.__class__.__name__, endtime))
stellar_evolution.evolve_model(endtime)
from_code_to_model.copy_all_attributes()
stellar_evolution.stop()
def evolve_binary(mass_of_star1, mass_of_star2, orbital_period, eccentricity):
code = SeBa()
stars = Particles(2)
stars[0].mass = mass_of_star1
stars[1].mass = mass_of_star2
mu = stars.mass.sum() * constants.G
semi_major_axis = (((orbital_period / (2.0 * numpy.pi))**2) * mu)**(1.0 /
3.0)
binaries = Particles(1)
binary = binaries[0]
binary.semi_major_axis = semi_major_axis
binary.eccentricity = eccentricity
binary.child1 = stars[0]
binary.child2 = stars[1]
# we add the single stars first, as the binaries will refer to these
code.particles.add_particles(stars)
code.binaries.add_particles(binaries)
from_seba_to_model = code.particles.new_channel_to(stars)
from_seba_to_model.copy()
from_seba_to_model_binaries = code.binaries.new_channel_to(binaries)
from_seba_to_model_binaries.copy()
previous_type_child1 = binary.child1.stellar_type
previous_type_child2 = binary.child2.stellar_type
results = []
current_time = 0 | units.Myr
while current_time < (1000 | units.Myr):
code.update_time_steps()
# The next line appears a bit weird, but saves time for this simple
# test.
deltat = max(1.0 * code.binaries[0].time_step, 0.1 | units.Myr)
current_time = current_time + deltat
code.evolve_model(current_time)
from_seba_to_model.copy()
from_seba_to_model_binaries.copy()
if not binary.child1.stellar_type == previous_type_child1:
print(binary.age, "Child 1, change of stellar type",
previous_type_child1, ' -> ', binary.child1.stellar_type)
previous_type_child1 = binary.child1.stellar_type
if not binary.child2.stellar_type == previous_type_child2:
print(binary.age, "Child 2, change of stellar type",
previous_type_child2, ' -> ', binary.child2.stellar_type)
previous_type_child2 = binary.child2.stellar_type
results.append(
(binary.age, binary.child1.mass, binary.child1.stellar_type,
binary.child2.mass, binary.child2.stellar_type))
code.stop()
return results
def evolve_binary(mass_of_star1, mass_of_star2, orbital_period, eccentricity):
code = SeBa()
stars = Particles(2)
stars[0].mass = mass_of_star1
stars[1].mass = mass_of_star2
mu = stars.mass.sum() * constants.G
semi_major_axis = (((orbital_period / (2.0 * numpy.pi))**2)*mu)**(1.0/3.0)
binaries = Particles(1)
binary = binaries[0]
binary.semi_major_axis = semi_major_axis
binary.eccentricity = eccentricity
binary.child1 = stars[0]
binary.child2 = stars[1]
# we add the single stars first, as the binaries will refer to these
code.particles.add_particles(stars)
code.binaries.add_particles(binaries)
from_seba_to_model = code.particles.new_channel_to(stars)
from_seba_to_model.copy()
from_seba_to_model_binaries = code.binaries.new_channel_to(binaries)
from_seba_to_model_binaries.copy()
previous_type_child1 = binary.child1.stellar_type
previous_type_child2 = binary.child2.stellar_type
results = []
current_time = 0 | units.Myr
while current_time < (1000 | units.Myr):
code.update_time_steps()
# The next line appears a bit weird, but saves time for this simple
# test.
deltat = max(1.0*code.binaries[0].time_step, 0.1 | units.Myr)
current_time = current_time + deltat
code.evolve_model(current_time)
from_seba_to_model.copy()
from_seba_to_model_binaries.copy()
if not binary.child1.stellar_type == previous_type_child1:
print(binary.age, "Child 1, change of stellar type",
previous_type_child1, ' -> ', binary.child1.stellar_type)
previous_type_child1 = binary.child1.stellar_type
if not binary.child2.stellar_type == previous_type_child2:
print(binary.age, "Child 2, change of stellar type",
previous_type_child2, ' -> ', binary.child2.stellar_type)
previous_type_child2 = binary.child2.stellar_type
results.append(
(binary.age, binary.child1.mass, binary.child1.stellar_type,
binary.child2.mass, binary.child2.stellar_type))
code.stop()
return results
def simulate_stellar_evolution(particles, endtime):
stellar_evolution = SeBa()
stellar_evolution.particles.add_particles(particles)
from_code_to_model = stellar_evolution.particles.new_channel_to(particles)
print("Evolving {0} stars using {1} up to {2}.".format(
len(particles), stellar_evolution.__class__.__name__, endtime))
stellar_evolution.evolve_model(endtime)
from_code_to_model.copy_all_attributes()
stellar_evolution.stop()
def main(N, W0, t_end, dt, filename, Rvir, Mmin, Mmax, z):
masses = new_salpeter_mass_distribution(N, Mmin, Mmax)
Mtot_init = masses.sum()
converter=nbody_system.nbody_to_si(Mtot_init,Rvir)
bodies = new_king_model(N, W0,convert_nbody=converter)
bodies.mass = masses
bodies.scale_to_standard(convert_nbody=converter)
gravity = ph4(converter)
gravity.parameters.timestep_parameter = 0.01
gravity.particles.add_particles(bodies)
stopping_condition = gravity.stopping_conditions.collision_detection
stopping_condition.enable()
stellar = SeBa()
stellar.parameters.metallicity = z
stellar.particles.add_particle(bodies)
channel_from_se_to_framework = stellar.particles.new_channel_to(bodies)
channel_from_gd_to_framework = gravity.particles.new_channel_to(bodies)
channel_from_framework_to_gd = bodies.new_channel_to(gravity.particles)
channel_from_se_to_framework.copy_attributes(["mass","radius", "age"])
write_set_to_file(bodies.savepoint(0|units.Myr), filename, 'hdf5')
E_init = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
Nenc = 0
#dE_enc = dE_dyn = dE_stellar = zero
dE_coll = zero
time = zero
while time < t_end:
time += dt
bodies.radius *= 1.e+5
channel_from_framework_to_gd.copy_attributes(["mass", "radius"])
E_dyn = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
gravity.evolve_model(time)
dE_dyn = E_dyn - (gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy)
resolve_collision(stopping_condition, gravity, stellar, bodies)
E_stellar = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
stellar.evolve_model(time)
dE_stellar = E_stellar - (gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy)
channel_from_gd_to_framework.copy()
channel_from_se_to_framework.copy_attributes(["age", "mass", "radius"])
write_set_to_file(bodies.savepoint(time), filename, 'hdf5')
print_diagnostics(time, bodies.mass.sum(), E_dyn, dE_dyn, dE_coll, dE_stellar)
gravity.stop()
stellar.stop()
def main(N=10, t_end=10|units.Myr, dt=1|units.Myr, filename="stellar.hdf5",
Mmin=1.0|units.MSun, Mmax= 100|units.MSun, z=0.02, C="SeBa"):
if C.find("SeBa")>=0:
print "SeBa"
stellar = SeBa()
elif C.find("SSE")>=0:
print "SSE"
stellar = SSE()
elif C.find("MESA")>=0:
stellar = MESA()
elif C.find("EVtwin")>=0:
stellar = EVtwin()
else:
print "No stellar model specified."
return
stellar.parameters.metallicity = z
mZAMS = new_salpeter_mass_distribution(N, Mmin, Mmax)
mZAMS = mZAMS.sorted()
bodies = Particles(mass=mZAMS)
stellar.particles.add_particles(bodies)
stellar.commit_particles()
write_set_to_file(stellar.particles, filename, 'hdf5')
Mtot_init = stellar.particles.mass.sum()
time = 0.0 | t_end.unit
while time < t_end:
time += dt
stellar.evolve_model(time)
write_set_to_file(stellar.particles, filename, 'hdf5')
Mtot = stellar.particles.mass.sum()
print "T=", time,
print "M=", Mtot, "dM[SE]=", Mtot/Mtot_init #, stellar.particles[0].stellar_type
T = []
L = []
r = []
import math
for si in stellar.particles:
T.append(math.log10(si.temperature.value_in(units.K)))
L.append(math.log10(si.luminosity.value_in(units.LSun)))
r.append(1.0+10*si.radius.value_in(units.RSun))
stellar.stop()
pyplot.xlim(4.5, 3.3)
pyplot.ylim(-4.0, 3.0)
scatter(T, L, s=r)
pyplot.xlabel("$log_{10}(T/K)$")
pyplot.ylabel("$log_{10}(L/L_\odot)$")
pyplot.show()
class StellarEvolutionCode:
"Stellar evolution object"
def __init__(self,
evo_code=SeBa,
logger=None,
time_offset=0 | units.Myr,
settings=None,
**keyword_arguments):
self.typestr = "Evolution"
self.namestr = evo_code.__name__
self.logger = logger or logging.getLogger(__name__)
self.__evo_code = evo_code
self.settings = settings
if evo_code is SSE:
self.code = SSE(
# channel_type="sockets",
**keyword_arguments)
elif evo_code is SeBa:
self.code = SeBa(**keyword_arguments)
else:
self.code = evo_code(**keyword_arguments)
self.parameters = self.code.parameters
if time_offset is None:
time_offset = 0 | units.Myr
self.__time_offset = time_offset
@property
def particles(self):
"return particles in the evolution code"
return self.code.particles
@property
def model_time(self):
"return the time of the evolution code"
return self.code.model_time + self.__time_offset
def evolve_model(self, tend):
"Evolve stellar evolution to time and sync"
print("Starting stellar evolution evolve_model to %s" % tend)
result = self.code.evolve_model(tend - self.__time_offset)
print("Finished stellar evolution evolve_model to %s" % tend)
return result
def save_state(self):
"""
Store current settings
"""
self.__state["parameters"] = self.code.parameters.copy()
self.__state["evo_code"] = self.__evo_code
self.__state["model_time"] = self.code.model_time
self.__begin_time = self.model_time
def stop(
self,
save_state=False,
):
"Stop stellar evolution code"
return self.code.stop()
def evolve_double_star(Mprim, Msec, a, e, end_time, n_steps):
q = Msec/Mprim
double_star, stars = create_double_star(Mprim, Msec, a, e)
time = 0|units.Myr
time_step = end_time/n_steps
code = SeBa()
code.particles.add_particles(stars)
code.binaries.add_particles(double_star)
channel_from_code_to_model_for_binaries = code.binaries.new_channel_to(double_star)
channel_from_code_to_model_for_stars = code.particles.new_channel_to(stars)
t = []
a = []
e = []
while time < end_time:
time += time_step
code.evolve_model(time)
channel_from_code_to_model_for_stars.copy()
channel_from_code_to_model_for_binaries.copy()
t.append(time.value_in(units.Myr))
a.append(double_star[0].semi_major_axis.value_in(units.RSun))
e.append(double_star[0].eccentricity)
code.stop()
fig = pyplot.figure(figsize = (8,8))
fta = fig.add_subplot(2,1,1)
# fte = fig.add_subplot(2,2,1)
pyplot.title('Binary evolution', fontsize=12)
fta.plot(t, a)
pyplot.xlabel('time [Myr]')
pyplot.ylabel('semi major axis (AU)')
# fta.plot(t, e)
#pyplot.ylabel('eccentricity')
pyplot.show()
def evolve_double_star(Mprim, Msec, a, e, end_time, n_steps):
q = Msec / Mprim
double_star, stars = create_double_star(Mprim, Msec, a, e)
time = 0 | units.Myr
time_step = end_time / n_steps
code = SeBa()
code.particles.add_particles(stars)
code.binaries.add_particles(double_star)
channel_from_code_to_model_for_binaries = code.binaries.new_channel_to(double_star)
channel_from_code_to_model_for_stars = code.particles.new_channel_to(stars)
t = []
a = []
e = []
while time < end_time:
time += time_step
code.evolve_model(time)
channel_from_code_to_model_for_stars.copy()
channel_from_code_to_model_for_binaries.copy()
t.append(time.value_in(units.Myr))
a.append(double_star[0].semi_major_axis.value_in(units.RSun))
e.append(double_star[0].eccentricity)
code.stop()
fig = pyplot.figure(figsize=(8, 8))
fta = fig.add_subplot(2, 1, 1)
# fte = fig.add_subplot(2,2,1)
pyplot.title("Binary evolution", fontsize=12)
fta.plot(t, a)
pyplot.xlabel("time [Myr]")
pyplot.ylabel("semi major axis (AU)")
# fta.plot(t, e)
# pyplot.ylabel('eccentricity')
pyplot.show()
def evolve_triple_with_wind(M1, M2, M3, Pora, Pin_0, ain_0, aout_0,
ein_0, eout_0, t_end, nsteps, scheme, integrator,
t_stellar, dt_se, dtse_fac, interp):
import random
from amuse.ext.solarsystem import get_position
numpy.random.seed(42)
print("Initial masses:", M1, M2, M3)
triple = Particles(3)
triple[0].mass = M1
triple[1].mass = M2
triple[2].mass = M3
stellar = SeBa()
stellar.particles.add_particles(triple)
channel_from_stellar = stellar.particles.new_channel_to(triple)
# Evolve to t_stellar.
stellar.evolve_model(t_stellar)
channel_from_stellar.copy_attributes(["mass"])
M1 = triple[0].mass
M2 = triple[1].mass
M3 = triple[2].mass
print("t=", stellar.model_time.in_(units.Myr))
print("M=", stellar.particles.mass.in_(units.MSun))
print("R=", stellar.particles.radius.in_(units.RSun))
print("L=", stellar.particles.luminosity.in_(units.LSun))
print("T=", stellar.particles.temperature.in_(units.K))
print("Mdot=", \
-stellar.particles.wind_mass_loss_rate.in_(units.MSun/units.yr))
# Start the dynamics.
# Inner binary:
tmp_stars = Particles(2)
tmp_stars[0].mass = M1
tmp_stars[1].mass = M2
if Pora == 1:
ain_0 = semimajor_axis(Pin_0, M1+M2)
else:
Pin_0 = orbital_period(ain_0, M1+M2)
print('Pin =', Pin_0)
print('ain_0 =', ain_0)
print('M1+M2 =', M1+M2)
print('Pin_0 =', Pin_0.value_in(units.day), '[day]')
#print 'semi:', semimajor_axis(Pin_0, M1+M2).value_in(units.AU), 'AU'
#print 'period:', orbital_period(ain_0, M1+M2).value_in(units.day), '[day]'
dt_init = 0.01*Pin_0
ma = 180
inc = 60
aop = 180
lon = 0
r,v = get_position(M1, M2, ein_0, ain_0, ma, inc, aop, lon, dt_init)
tmp_stars[1].position = r
tmp_stars[1].velocity = v
tmp_stars.move_to_center()
# Outer binary:
r,v = get_position(M1+M2, M3, eout_0, aout_0, 0, 0, 0, 0, dt_init)
tertiary = Particle()
tertiary.mass = M3
tertiary.position = r
tertiary.velocity = v
tmp_stars.add_particle(tertiary)
tmp_stars.move_to_center()
triple.position = tmp_stars.position
triple.velocity = tmp_stars.velocity
Mtriple = triple.mass.sum()
Pout = orbital_period(aout_0, Mtriple)
print("T=", stellar.model_time.in_(units.Myr))
print("M=", stellar.particles.mass.in_(units.MSun))
print("Pout=", Pout.in_(units.Myr))
print('tK =', ((M1+M2)/M3)*Pout**2*(1-eout_0**2)**1.5/Pin_0)
converter = nbody_system.nbody_to_si(triple.mass.sum(), aout_0)
if integrator == 0:
gravity = Hermite(converter)
gravity.parameters.timestep_parameter = 0.01
elif integrator == 1:
gravity = SmallN(converter)
gravity.parameters.timestep_parameter = 0.01
gravity.parameters.full_unperturbed = 0
elif integrator == 2:
gravity = Huayno(converter)
gravity.parameters.inttype_parameter = 20
gravity.parameters.timestep = (1./256)*Pin_0
else:
gravity = symple(converter)
gravity.parameters.integrator = 10
#gravity.parameters.timestep_parameter = 0.
gravity.parameters.timestep = (1./128)*Pin_0
print(gravity.parameters)
gravity.particles.add_particles(triple)
channel_from_framework_to_gd = triple.new_channel_to(gravity.particles)
channel_from_gd_to_framework = gravity.particles.new_channel_to(triple)
Etot_init = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
Etot_prev = Etot_init
gravity.particles.move_to_center()
# Note: time = t_diag = 0 at the start of the dynamical integration.
dt_diag = t_end/float(nsteps)
t_diag = dt_diag
time = 0.0 | t_end.unit
t_se = t_stellar + time
print('t_end =', t_end)
print('dt_diag =', dt_diag)
ain, ein, aout, eout = get_orbital_elements_of_triple(triple)
print("Triple elements t=", time, \
"inner:", triple[0].mass, triple[1].mass, ain, ein, \
"outer:", triple[2].mass, aout, eout)
t = [time.value_in(units.Myr)]
Mtot = triple.mass.sum()
mtot = [Mtot.value_in(units.MSun)]
smai = [ain/ain_0]
ecci = [ein/ein_0]
smao = [aout/aout_0]
ecco = [eout/eout_0]
if interp:
# Create arrays of stellar times and masses for interpolation.
times = [time]
masses = [triple.mass.copy()]
while time < t_end:
time += dt_se
stellar.evolve_model(t_stellar+time)
channel_from_stellar.copy_attributes(["mass"])
times.append(time)
masses.append(triple.mass.copy())
time = 0.0 | t_end.unit
print('\ntimes:', times, '\n')
# Evolve the system.
def advance_stellar(t_se, dt):
E0 = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
t_se += dt
if interp:
t = t_se-t_stellar
i = int(t/dt_se)
mass = masses[i] + (t-times[i])*(masses[i+1]-masses[i])/dt_se
triple.mass = mass
#print 't_se =', t_se, 'masses =', mass
else:
stellar.evolve_model(t_se)
channel_from_stellar.copy_attributes(["mass"])
channel_from_framework_to_gd.copy_attributes(["mass"])
return t_se, gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy - E0
def advance_gravity(tg, dt):
tg += dt
gravity.evolve_model(tg)
channel_from_gd_to_framework.copy()
return tg
while time < t_end:
if scheme == 1:
# Advance to the next diagnostic time.
dE_se = zero
dt = t_diag - time
if dt > 0|dt.unit:
time = advance_gravity(time, dt)
elif scheme == 2:
# Derive dt from Pin using dtse_fac.
dt = dtse_fac*Pin_0
if time + dt > t_diag: dt = t_diag - time
if dt > 0|dt.unit:
t_se, dE_se = advance_stellar(t_se, dt)
time = advance_gravity(time, dt)
elif scheme == 3:
# Derive dt from Pin using dtse_fac.
dt = dtse_fac*Pin_0
if time + dt > t_diag: dt = t_diag - time
if dt > 0|dt.unit:
time = advance_gravity(time, dt)
t_se, dE_se = advance_stellar(t_se, dt)
elif scheme == 4:
# Derive dt from Pin using dtse_fac.
dt = dtse_fac*Pin_0
if time + dt > t_diag: dt = t_diag - time
if dt > 0|dt.unit:
t_se, dE_se = advance_stellar(t_se, 0.5*dt)
time = advance_gravity(time, dt)
t_se, dE_se2 = advance_stellar(t_se, 0.5*dt)
dE_se += dE_se2
elif scheme == 5:
# Use the specified dt_se.
dE_se = zero
dt = dt_se
if time + dt > t_diag: dt = t_diag - time
if dt > 0|dt.unit:
# For use with symple only: set up average mass loss.
channel_from_stellar.copy_attributes(["mass"])
m0 = triple.mass.copy()
stellar.evolve_model(t_se+dt)
channel_from_stellar.copy_attributes(["mass"])
t_se = stellar.model_time
m1 = triple.mass
dmdt = (m1-m0)/dt
for i in range(len(dmdt)):
gravity.set_dmdt(i, dmdt[i])
time = advance_gravity(time, dt)
else:
print('unknown option')
sys.exit(0)
if time >= t_diag:
t_diag = time + dt_diag
Ekin = gravity.kinetic_energy
Epot = gravity.potential_energy
Etot = Ekin + Epot
dE = Etot_prev - Etot
Mtot = triple.mass.sum()
print("T=", time, end=' ')
print("M=", Mtot, "(dM[SE]=", Mtot/Mtriple, ")", end=' ')
print("E= ", Etot, "Q= ", Ekin/Epot, end=' ')
print("dE=", (Etot_init-Etot)/Etot, "ddE=", (Etot_prev-Etot)/Etot, end=' ')
print("(dE[SE]=", dE_se/Etot, ")")
Etot_init -= dE
Etot_prev = Etot
ain, ein, aout, eout = get_orbital_elements_of_triple(triple)
print("Triple elements t=", t_stellar + time, \
"inner:", triple[0].mass, triple[1].mass, ain, ein, \
"outer:", triple[2].mass, aout, eout)
t.append(time.value_in(units.yr))
mtot.append(Mtot.value_in(units.MSun))
smai.append(ain/ain_0)
ecci.append(ein/ein_0)
smao.append(aout/aout_0)
ecco.append(eout/eout_0)
if eout > 1 or aout <= zero:
print("Binary ionized or merged")
break
gravity.stop()
stellar.stop()
return t, mtot, smai, ecci, smao, ecco
def evolution_of_the_cluster(self, cluster):
'''
Function that makes de cluster evolution.
input: cluster -> defined in an inertial frame (centered at the Galactic center)
steps in this function:
1. From cluster, another cluster is defined in a rotating frame
2. The gravity code is initialized
3. The stellar evolution is initialized
4. the Galaxy model is constructed
5. The Galaxy and the cluster in the rotating frame are coupled via the Rotating Bridge
6. The evolution of the system is made
7. the cluster properties are transformed back to the inertial frame
'''
cluster_in_rotating_frame = self.creation_cluster_in_rotating_frame(
cluster)
# N body code
epsilon = self.softening(cluster)
convert_nbody = nbody_system.nbody_to_si(cluster.mass.sum(),
cluster.virial_radius())
gravity = Huayno(convert_nbody)
gravity.parameters.timestep = self.dt_bridge / 3.
gravity.particles.add_particles(cluster_in_rotating_frame)
gravity.parameters.epsilon_squared = epsilon**2
channel_from_gravity_to_rotating_cluster = gravity.particles.new_channel_to(
cluster_in_rotating_frame)
channel_from_rotating_cluster_to_gravity = cluster_in_rotating_frame.new_channel_to(
gravity.particles)
#stellar evolution code
se = SeBa()
se.particles.add_particles(cluster_in_rotating_frame)
channel_from_rotating_cluster_to_se = cluster_in_rotating_frame.new_channel_to(
se.particles)
channel_from_se_to_rotating_cluster = se.particles.new_channel_to(
cluster_in_rotating_frame)
# Galaxy model and Rotating bridge
MW = self.galactic_model()
system = Rotating_Bridge(self.omega_system,
timestep=self.dt_bridge,
verbose=False,
method=self.method)
system.add_system(gravity, (MW, ), False)
system.add_system(MW, (), False)
X = []
Y = []
T = []
#Cluster evolution
while (self.time <= self.t_end - self.dt_bridge / 2):
self.time += self.dt_bridge
system.evolve_model(self.time)
se.evolve_model(self.time)
channel_from_gravity_to_rotating_cluster.copy_attributes(
['x', 'y', 'z', 'vx', 'vy', 'vz'])
channel_from_se_to_rotating_cluster.copy_attributes([
'mass', 'radius', 'luminosity', 'age', 'temperature',
'stellar_type'
])
channel_from_rotating_cluster_to_gravity.copy_attributes(['mass'])
self.from_noinertial_to_cluster_in_inertial_frame(
cluster_in_rotating_frame, cluster)
time = self.time.value_in(units.Myr)
cm = cluster.center_of_mass()
# write data
if ((time == 2) or (time == 50) or (time == 100) or (time == 150)):
X.append((cluster.x - cm[0]).value_in(units.kpc))
Y.append((cluster.y - cm[1]).value_in(units.kpc))
T.append(time)
gravity.stop()
se.stop()
return T, X, Y
def main(N, W0, t_end, dt, filename, Rvir, Mmin, Mmax, z):
masses = new_salpeter_mass_distribution(N, Mmin, Mmax)
Mtot_init = masses.sum()
converter = nbody_system.nbody_to_si(Mtot_init, Rvir)
bodies = new_king_model(N, W0, convert_nbody=converter)
bodies.mass = masses
bodies.scale_to_standard(convert_nbody=converter)
gravity = ph4(converter)
gravity.parameters.timestep_parameter = 0.01
gravity.particles.add_particles(bodies)
stopping_condition = gravity.stopping_conditions.collision_detection
stopping_condition.enable()
stellar = SeBa()
stellar.parameters.metallicity = z
stellar.particles.add_particle(bodies)
channel_from_se_to_framework = stellar.particles.new_channel_to(bodies)
channel_from_gd_to_framework = gravity.particles.new_channel_to(bodies)
channel_from_framework_to_gd = bodies.new_channel_to(gravity.particles)
channel_from_se_to_framework.copy_attributes(["mass", "radius", "age"])
write_set_to_file(bodies.savepoint(0 | units.Myr), filename, 'hdf5')
E_init = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
Nenc = 0
#dE_enc = dE_dyn = dE_stellar = zero
dE_coll = zero
time = zero
while time < t_end:
time += dt
bodies.radius *= 1.e+5
channel_from_framework_to_gd.copy_attributes(["mass", "radius"])
E_dyn = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
gravity.evolve_model(time)
dE_dyn = E_dyn - (gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy)
if stopping_condition.is_set():
E_coll = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
print("At time=",
gravity.model_time.in_(units.Myr), "number of encounters=",
len(stopping_condition.particles(0)))
for ci in range(len(stopping_condition.particles(0))):
particles_in_encounter = Particles(particles=[
stopping_condition.particles(0)[ci],
stopping_condition.particles(1)[ci]
])
particles_in_encounter = particles_in_encounter.get_intersecting_subset_in(
bodies)
merge_two_stars(bodies, particles_in_encounter)
bodies.synchronize_to(gravity.particles)
bodies.synchronize_to(stellar.particles)
Nenc += 1
print("Resolve encounter Number:", Nenc)
gravity.evolve_model(time)
dE_coll = E_coll - (gravity.kinetic_energy +
gravity.potential_energy)
E_stellar = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
stellar.evolve_model(time)
dE_stellar = E_stellar - (gravity.kinetic_energy +
gravity.potential_energy)
channel_from_gd_to_framework.copy()
channel_from_se_to_framework.copy_attributes(["age", "mass", "radius"])
write_set_to_file(bodies.savepoint(time), filename, 'hdf5')
print_diagnostics(time, bodies.mass.sum(), E_dyn, dE_dyn, dE_coll,
dE_stellar)
gravity.stop()
stellar.stop()
def evolve_triple_with_wind(M1, M2, M3, Pora, Pin_0, ain_0, aout_0,
ein_0, eout_0, t_end, nsteps, scheme, dtse_fac):
import random
from amuse.ext.solarsystem import get_position
print "Initial masses:", M1, M2, M3
t_stellar = 4.0|units.Myr
triple = Particles(3)
triple[0].mass = M1
triple[1].mass = M2
triple[2].mass = M3
stellar = SeBa()
stellar.particles.add_particles(triple)
channel_from_stellar = stellar.particles.new_channel_to(triple)
stellar.evolve_model(t_stellar)
channel_from_stellar.copy_attributes(["mass"])
M1 = triple[0].mass
M2 = triple[1].mass
M3 = triple[2].mass
print "T=", stellar.model_time.in_(units.Myr)
print "M=", stellar.particles.mass.in_(units.MSun)
print "Masses at time T:", M1, M2, M3
# Inner binary
tmp_stars = Particles(2)
tmp_stars[0].mass = M1
tmp_stars[1].mass = M2
if Pora == 1:
ain_0 = semimajor_axis(Pin_0, M1+M2)
else:
Pin_0 = orbital_period(ain_0, M1+M2)
print 'ain_0 =', ain_0
print 'M1+M2 =', M1+M2
print 'Pin_0 =', Pin_0.value_in(units.day), '[day]'
#print 'semi:', semimajor_axis(Pin_0, M1+M2).value_in(units.AU), 'AU'
#print 'period:', orbital_period(ain_0, M1+M2).value_in(units.day), '[day]'
dt = 0.1*Pin_0
ma = 180
inc = 30
aop = 180
lon = 0
r, v = get_position(M1, M2, ein_0, ain_0, ma, inc, aop, lon, dt)
tmp_stars[1].position = r
tmp_stars[1].velocity = v
tmp_stars.move_to_center()
# Outer binary
r, v = get_position(M1+M2, M3, eout_0, aout_0, 0, 0, 0, 0, dt)
tertiary = Particle()
tertiary.mass = M3
tertiary.position = r
tertiary.velocity = v
tmp_stars.add_particle(tertiary)
tmp_stars.move_to_center()
triple.position = tmp_stars.position
triple.velocity = tmp_stars.velocity
Mtriple = triple.mass.sum()
Pout = orbital_period(aout_0, Mtriple)
print "T=", stellar.model_time.in_(units.Myr)
print "M=", stellar.particles.mass.in_(units.MSun)
print "Pout=", Pout.in_(units.Myr)
converter = nbody_system.nbody_to_si(triple.mass.sum(), aout_0)
gravity = Hermite(converter)
gravity.particles.add_particles(triple)
channel_from_framework_to_gd = triple.new_channel_to(gravity.particles)
channel_from_gd_to_framework = gravity.particles.new_channel_to(triple)
Etot_init = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
Etot_prev = Etot_init
gravity.particles.move_to_center()
time = 0.0 | t_end.unit
ts = t_stellar + time
ain, ein, aout, eout = get_orbital_elements_of_triple(triple)
print "Triple elements t=", time, \
"inner:", triple[0].mass, triple[1].mass, ain, ein, \
"outer:", triple[2].mass, aout, eout
dt_diag = t_end/float(nsteps)
t_diag = dt_diag
t = [time.value_in(units.Myr)]
smai = [ain/ain_0]
ecci = [ein/ein_0]
smao = [aout/aout_0]
ecco = [eout/eout_0]
ain = ain_0
def advance_stellar(ts, dt):
E0 = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
ts += dt
stellar.evolve_model(ts)
channel_from_stellar.copy_attributes(["mass"])
channel_from_framework_to_gd.copy_attributes(["mass"])
return ts, gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy - E0
def advance_gravity(tg, dt):
tg += dt
gravity.evolve_model(tg)
channel_from_gd_to_framework.copy()
return tg
while time < t_end:
Pin = orbital_period(ain, triple[0].mass+triple[1].mass)
dt = dtse_fac*Pin
dt *= random.random()
if scheme == 1:
ts, dE_se = advance_stellar(ts, dt)
time = advance_gravity(time, dt)
elif scheme == 2:
time = advance_gravity(time, dt)
ts, dE_se = advance_stellar(ts, dt)
else:
dE_se = zero
#ts, dE_se = advance_stellar(ts, dt/2)
time = advance_gravity(time, dt)
#ts, dE = advance_stellar(ts, dt/2)
#dE_se += dE
if time >= t_diag:
t_diag = time + dt_diag
Ekin = gravity.kinetic_energy
Epot = gravity.potential_energy
Etot = Ekin + Epot
dE = Etot_prev - Etot
Mtot = triple.mass.sum()
print "T=", time,
print "M=", Mtot, "(dM[SE]=", Mtot/Mtriple, ")",
print "E= ", Etot, "Q= ", Ekin/Epot,
print "dE=", (Etot_init-Etot)/Etot, "ddE=", (Etot_prev-Etot)/Etot,
print "(dE[SE]=", dE_se/Etot, ")"
Etot_init -= dE
Etot_prev = Etot
ain, ein, aout, eout = get_orbital_elements_of_triple(triple)
print "Triple elements t=", (4|units.Myr) + time, \
"inner:", triple[0].mass, triple[1].mass, ain, ein, \
"outer:", triple[2].mass, aout, eout
t.append(time.value_in(units.Myr))
smai.append(ain/ain_0)
ecci.append(ein/ein_0)
smao.append(aout/aout_0)
ecco.append(eout/eout_0)
if eout > 1.0 or aout <= zero:
print "Binary ionized or merged"
break
gravity.stop()
stellar.stop()
return t, smai, ecci, smao, ecco
def main(N, W0, t_end, dt, filename, Rvir, Mmin, Mmax, z):
numpy.random.seed(1)
masses = new_salpeter_mass_distribution(N, Mmin, Mmax)
Mtot_init = masses.sum()
converter=nbody_system.nbody_to_si(Mtot_init,Rvir)
bodies = new_king_model(N, W0,convert_nbody=converter)
bodies.mass = masses
bodies.scale_to_standard(convert_nbody=converter)
gravity = ph4(converter)
gravity.parameters.timestep_parameter = 0.01
gravity.particles.add_particles(bodies)
collision_detection = gravity.stopping_conditions.collision_detection
collision_detection.enable()
stellar = SeBa()
stellar.parameters.metallicity = z
stellar.particles.add_particle(bodies)
stellar.evolve_model(0|units.Myr)
supernova_detection = stellar.stopping_conditions.supernova_detection
supernova_detection.enable()
channel_from_se = stellar.particles.new_channel_to(bodies)
channel_from_gd = gravity.particles.new_channel_to(bodies)
channel_to_gd = bodies.new_channel_to(gravity.particles)
channel_from_se.copy_attributes(["mass","radius", "age", "temperature", "luminosity"])
write_set_to_file(bodies.savepoint(0|units.Myr), filename, 'hdf5')
E_init = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
Nenc = 0
Nsn = 0
dE_coll = zero
time = zero
while time < t_end:
dt_min = min(dt, stellar.particles.time_step.min())
print "Time steps:", dt.in_(units.Myr), dt_min.in_(units.Myr)
time += dt_min
bodies.radius *= 1.e+5
channel_to_gd.copy_attributes(["mass", "radius", "vx", "vy", "vz"])
E_dyn = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
gravity.evolve_model(time)
dE_dyn = E_dyn - (gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy)
if collision_detection.is_set():
E_coll = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
print "At time=", gravity.model_time.in_(units.Myr), "number of encounters=", len(collision_detection.particles(0))
for ci in range(len(collision_detection.particles(0))):
particles_in_encounter = Particles(particles=[collision_detection.particles(0)[ci], collision_detection.particles(1)[ci]])
particles_in_encounter = particles_in_encounter.get_intersecting_subset_in(bodies)
merge_two_stars(bodies, particles_in_encounter)
bodies.synchronize_to(gravity.particles)
bodies.synchronize_to(stellar.particles)
Nenc+=1
print "Resolve encounter Number:", Nenc
dE_coll = E_coll - (gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy)
channel_from_gd.copy()
time = gravity.model_time
E_stellar = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
stellar.evolve_model(time)
dE_stellar = E_stellar - (gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy)
if supernova_detection.is_set():
print "At time=", time.in_(units.Myr), "supernova detected=", len(supernova_detection.particles(0))
for ci in range(len(supernova_detection.particles(0))):
print supernova_detection.particles(0)
particles_in_supernova = Particles(particles=supernova_detection.particles(0))
natal_kick_x = particles_in_supernova.natal_kick_x
natal_kick_y = particles_in_supernova.natal_kick_y
natal_kick_z = particles_in_supernova.natal_kick_z
particles_in_supernova = particles_in_supernova.get_intersecting_subset_in(bodies)
particles_in_supernova.vx += natal_kick_x
particles_in_supernova.vy += natal_kick_y
particles_in_supernova.vz += natal_kick_z
Nsn+=1
print "Resolve supernova Number:", Nsn
channel_from_se.copy_attributes(["mass", "radius", "age", "temperature", "luminosity"])
write_set_to_file(bodies.savepoint(time), filename, 'hdf5')
print_diagnostics(time, bodies.mass.sum(), E_dyn, dE_dyn, dE_coll, dE_stellar)
gravity.stop()
stellar.stop()
# Increase the Step Counter
step_index += 1
# Log that a Step was Taken
print '\n-------------'
print '[UPDATE] Step Taken at %s!' %(tp.strftime("%Y/%m/%d-%H:%M:%S", tp.gmtime()))
print '-------------\n'
sys.stdout.flush()
# Log that the Simulation Ended & Switch to Terminal Output
print '\n[UPDATE] Run Finished at %s! \n' %(tp.strftime("%Y/%m/%d-%H:%M:%S", tp.gmtime()))
sys.stdout = orig_stdout
f.close()
# Pickle the Final Encounter Information Dictionary
encounter_file = open("Encounters/"+cluster_name+"_encounters.pkl", "wb")
pickle.dump(encounterInformation, encounter_file)
encounter_file.close()
# Alerts the Terminal User that the Run has Ended!
print '\n[UPDATE] Run Finished at %s! \n' %(tp.strftime("%Y/%m/%d-%H:%M:%S", tp.gmtime()))
sys.stdout.flush()
print_diagnostics(multiples_code, E0)
# Closes PH4, Kepler & SmallN Instances
sev_code.stop()
gravity.stop()
kep.stop()
util.stop_smalln()
bridge_code.stop()
def evolve_triple_with_wind(M1, M2, M3, Pora, Pin_0, ain_0, aout_0,
ein_0, eout_0, t_end, nsteps, scheme, integrator,
t_stellar, dt_se, dtse_fac, interp):
import random
from amuse.ext.solarsystem import get_position
numpy.random.seed(42)
print "Initial masses:", M1, M2, M3
triple = Particles(3)
triple[0].mass = M1
triple[1].mass = M2
triple[2].mass = M3
stellar = SeBa()
stellar.particles.add_particles(triple)
channel_from_stellar = stellar.particles.new_channel_to(triple)
# Evolve to t_stellar.
stellar.evolve_model(t_stellar)
channel_from_stellar.copy_attributes(["mass"])
M1 = triple[0].mass
M2 = triple[1].mass
M3 = triple[2].mass
print "t=", stellar.model_time.in_(units.Myr)
print "M=", stellar.particles.mass.in_(units.MSun)
print "R=", stellar.particles.radius.in_(units.RSun)
print "L=", stellar.particles.luminosity.in_(units.LSun)
print "T=", stellar.particles.temperature.in_(units.K)
print "Mdot=", \
-stellar.particles.wind_mass_loss_rate.in_(units.MSun/units.yr)
# Start the dynamics.
# Inner binary:
tmp_stars = Particles(2)
tmp_stars[0].mass = M1
tmp_stars[1].mass = M2
if Pora == 1:
ain_0 = semimajor_axis(Pin_0, M1+M2)
else:
Pin_0 = orbital_period(ain_0, M1+M2)
print 'Pin =', Pin_0
print 'ain_0 =', ain_0
print 'M1+M2 =', M1+M2
print 'Pin_0 =', Pin_0.value_in(units.day), '[day]'
#print 'semi:', semimajor_axis(Pin_0, M1+M2).value_in(units.AU), 'AU'
#print 'period:', orbital_period(ain_0, M1+M2).value_in(units.day), '[day]'
dt_init = 0.01*Pin_0
ma = 180
inc = 60
aop = 180
lon = 0
r,v = get_position(M1, M2, ein_0, ain_0, ma, inc, aop, lon, dt_init)
tmp_stars[1].position = r
tmp_stars[1].velocity = v
tmp_stars.move_to_center()
# Outer binary:
r,v = get_position(M1+M2, M3, eout_0, aout_0, 0, 0, 0, 0, dt_init)
tertiary = Particle()
tertiary.mass = M3
tertiary.position = r
tertiary.velocity = v
tmp_stars.add_particle(tertiary)
tmp_stars.move_to_center()
triple.position = tmp_stars.position
triple.velocity = tmp_stars.velocity
Mtriple = triple.mass.sum()
Pout = orbital_period(aout_0, Mtriple)
print "T=", stellar.model_time.in_(units.Myr)
print "M=", stellar.particles.mass.in_(units.MSun)
print "Pout=", Pout.in_(units.Myr)
print 'tK =', ((M1+M2)/M3)*Pout**2*(1-eout_0**2)**1.5/Pin_0
converter = nbody_system.nbody_to_si(triple.mass.sum(), aout_0)
if integrator == 0:
gravity = Hermite(converter)
gravity.parameters.timestep_parameter = 0.01
elif integrator == 1:
gravity = SmallN(converter)
gravity.parameters.timestep_parameter = 0.01
gravity.parameters.full_unperturbed = 0
elif integrator == 2:
gravity = Huayno(converter)
gravity.parameters.inttype_parameter = 20
gravity.parameters.timestep = (1./256)*Pin_0
else:
gravity = symple(converter)
gravity.parameters.integrator = 10
#gravity.parameters.timestep_parameter = 0.
gravity.parameters.timestep = (1./128)*Pin_0
print gravity.parameters
gravity.particles.add_particles(triple)
channel_from_framework_to_gd = triple.new_channel_to(gravity.particles)
channel_from_gd_to_framework = gravity.particles.new_channel_to(triple)
Etot_init = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
Etot_prev = Etot_init
gravity.particles.move_to_center()
# Note: time = t_diag = 0 at the start of the dynamical integration.
dt_diag = t_end/float(nsteps)
t_diag = dt_diag
time = 0.0 | t_end.unit
t_se = t_stellar + time
print 't_end =', t_end
print 'dt_diag =', dt_diag
ain, ein, aout, eout = get_orbital_elements_of_triple(triple)
print "Triple elements t=", time, \
"inner:", triple[0].mass, triple[1].mass, ain, ein, \
"outer:", triple[2].mass, aout, eout
t = [time.value_in(units.Myr)]
Mtot = triple.mass.sum()
mtot = [Mtot.value_in(units.MSun)]
smai = [ain/ain_0]
ecci = [ein/ein_0]
smao = [aout/aout_0]
ecco = [eout/eout_0]
if interp:
# Create arrays of stellar times and masses for interpolation.
times = [time]
masses = [triple.mass.copy()]
while time < t_end:
time += dt_se
stellar.evolve_model(t_stellar+time)
channel_from_stellar.copy_attributes(["mass"])
times.append(time)
masses.append(triple.mass.copy())
time = 0.0 | t_end.unit
print '\ntimes:', times, '\n'
# Evolve the system.
def advance_stellar(t_se, dt):
E0 = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
t_se += dt
if interp:
t = t_se-t_stellar
i = int(t/dt_se)
mass = masses[i] + (t-times[i])*(masses[i+1]-masses[i])/dt_se
triple.mass = mass
#print 't_se =', t_se, 'masses =', mass
else:
stellar.evolve_model(t_se)
channel_from_stellar.copy_attributes(["mass"])
channel_from_framework_to_gd.copy_attributes(["mass"])
return t_se, gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy - E0
def advance_gravity(tg, dt):
tg += dt
gravity.evolve_model(tg)
channel_from_gd_to_framework.copy()
return tg
while time < t_end:
if scheme == 1:
# Advance to the next diagnostic time.
dE_se = zero
dt = t_diag - time
if dt > 0|dt.unit:
time = advance_gravity(time, dt)
elif scheme == 2:
# Derive dt from Pin using dtse_fac.
dt = dtse_fac*Pin_0
if time + dt > t_diag: dt = t_diag - time
if dt > 0|dt.unit:
t_se, dE_se = advance_stellar(t_se, dt)
time = advance_gravity(time, dt)
elif scheme == 3:
# Derive dt from Pin using dtse_fac.
dt = dtse_fac*Pin_0
if time + dt > t_diag: dt = t_diag - time
if dt > 0|dt.unit:
time = advance_gravity(time, dt)
t_se, dE_se = advance_stellar(t_se, dt)
elif scheme == 4:
# Derive dt from Pin using dtse_fac.
dt = dtse_fac*Pin_0
if time + dt > t_diag: dt = t_diag - time
if dt > 0|dt.unit:
t_se, dE_se = advance_stellar(t_se, 0.5*dt)
time = advance_gravity(time, dt)
t_se, dE_se2 = advance_stellar(t_se, 0.5*dt)
dE_se += dE_se2
elif scheme == 5:
# Use the specified dt_se.
dE_se = zero
dt = dt_se
if time + dt > t_diag: dt = t_diag - time
if dt > 0|dt.unit:
# For use with symple only: set up average mass loss.
channel_from_stellar.copy_attributes(["mass"])
m0 = triple.mass.copy()
stellar.evolve_model(t_se+dt)
channel_from_stellar.copy_attributes(["mass"])
t_se = stellar.model_time
m1 = triple.mass
dmdt = (m1-m0)/dt
for i in range(len(dmdt)):
gravity.set_dmdt(i, dmdt[i])
time = advance_gravity(time, dt)
else:
print 'unknown option'
sys.exit(0)
if time >= t_diag:
t_diag = time + dt_diag
Ekin = gravity.kinetic_energy
Epot = gravity.potential_energy
Etot = Ekin + Epot
dE = Etot_prev - Etot
Mtot = triple.mass.sum()
print "T=", time,
print "M=", Mtot, "(dM[SE]=", Mtot/Mtriple, ")",
print "E= ", Etot, "Q= ", Ekin/Epot,
print "dE=", (Etot_init-Etot)/Etot, "ddE=", (Etot_prev-Etot)/Etot,
print "(dE[SE]=", dE_se/Etot, ")"
Etot_init -= dE
Etot_prev = Etot
ain, ein, aout, eout = get_orbital_elements_of_triple(triple)
print "Triple elements t=", t_stellar + time, \
"inner:", triple[0].mass, triple[1].mass, ain, ein, \
"outer:", triple[2].mass, aout, eout
t.append(time.value_in(units.yr))
mtot.append(Mtot.value_in(units.MSun))
smai.append(ain/ain_0)
ecci.append(ein/ein_0)
smao.append(aout/aout_0)
ecco.append(eout/eout_0)
if eout > 1 or aout <= zero:
print "Binary ionized or merged"
break
gravity.stop()
stellar.stop()
return t, mtot, smai, ecci, smao, ecco
def main(N, W0, t_end, dt, filename, Rvir, Mmin, Mmax, z):
numpy.random.seed(1)
masses = new_salpeter_mass_distribution(N, Mmin, Mmax)
Mtot_init = masses.sum()
converter=nbody_system.nbody_to_si(Mtot_init,Rvir)
bodies = new_king_model(N, W0,convert_nbody=converter)
bodies.mass = masses
bodies.scale_to_standard(convert_nbody=converter)
gravity = ph4(converter)
gravity.parameters.timestep_parameter = 0.01
gravity.particles.add_particles(bodies)
collision_detection = gravity.stopping_conditions.collision_detection
collision_detection.enable()
stellar = SeBa()
stellar.parameters.metallicity = z
stellar.particles.add_particle(bodies)
stellar.evolve_model(0|units.Myr)
supernova_detection = stellar.stopping_conditions.supernova_detection
supernova_detection.enable()
channel_from_se = stellar.particles.new_channel_to(bodies)
channel_from_gd = gravity.particles.new_channel_to(bodies)
channel_to_gd = bodies.new_channel_to(gravity.particles)
channel_from_se.copy_attributes(["mass","radius", "age", "temperature", "luminosity"])
write_set_to_file(bodies.savepoint(0|units.Myr), filename, 'hdf5')
E_init = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
Nsn = 0
dE_coll = zero
time = zero
while time < t_end:
dt_min = min(dt, stellar.particles.time_step.min())
print "Time steps:", dt.in_(units.Myr), dt_min.in_(units.Myr)
time += dt_min
bodies.radius *= 1.e+5
channel_to_gd.copy_attributes(["mass", "radius", "vx", "vy", "vz"])
E_dyn = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
gravity.evolve_model(time)
dE_dyn = E_dyn - (gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy)
resolve_collision(collision_detection, gravity, stellar, bodies)
channel_from_gd.copy()
time = gravity.model_time
E_stellar = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
stellar.evolve_model(time)
dE_stellar = E_stellar - (gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy)
resolve_supernova(supernova_detection, bodies, time)
channel_from_se.copy_attributes(["mass", "radius", "age", "temperature", "luminosity"])
write_set_to_file(bodies.savepoint(time), filename, 'hdf5')
print_diagnostics(time, bodies.mass.sum(), E_dyn, dE_dyn, dE_coll, dE_stellar)
gravity.stop()
stellar.stop()
def main(N, W0, t_end, dt, filename, Rvir, Mmin, Mmax, z):
masses = new_salpeter_mass_distribution(N, Mmin, Mmax)
Mtot_init = masses.sum()
converter=nbody_system.nbody_to_si(Mtot_init,Rvir)
bodies = new_king_model(N, W0,convert_nbody=converter)
bodies.mass = masses
bodies.scale_to_standard(convert_nbody=converter)
gravity = ph4(converter)
gravity.parameters.timestep_parameter = 0.01
gravity.particles.add_particles(bodies)
stopping_condition = gravity.stopping_conditions.collision_detection
stopping_condition.enable()
stellar = SeBa()
stellar.parameters.metallicity = z
stellar.particles.add_particle(bodies)
channel_from_stellar = stellar.particles.new_channel_to(bodies,
attributes=["mass", "radius", "age"],
target_names=["mass", "radius", "age"])
channel_from_gravity = gravity.particles.new_channel_to(bodies,
attributes=["x", "y", "z", "vx", "vy", "vz", "mass", "radius"],
target_names=["x", "y", "z", "vx", "vy", "vz",
"mass", "collision_radius"])
channel_to_gravity = bodies.new_channel_to(gravity.particles,
attributes=["mass", "collision_radius"],
target_names=["mass", "radius"])
channel_from_stellar.copy()
write_set_to_file(bodies.savepoint(0|units.Myr), filename, 'hdf5')
E_init = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
Nenc = 0
dE_coll = zero
time = zero
###BOOKLISTSTART3###
while time < t_end:
time += dt
E_stellar = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
stellar.evolve_model(time)
dE_stellar = E_stellar - (gravity.kinetic_energy \
+ gravity.potential_energy)
channel_from_stellar.copy()
bodies.collision_radius = 1.e+5 * bodies.radius
channel_to_gravity.copy()
E_dyn = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
gravity.evolve_model(time)
dE_dyn = E_dyn - (gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy)
channel_from_gravity.copy()
resolve_collision(stopping_condition, gravity, stellar, bodies)
write_set_to_file(bodies.savepoint(time), filename, 'hdf5')
print_diagnostics(time, bodies.mass.sum(),
E_dyn, dE_dyn, dE_coll, dE_stellar)
###BOOKLISTSTOP3###
gravity.stop()
stellar.stop()
def main(N, W0, t_end, dt, filename, Rvir, Mmin, Mmax, z):
masses = new_salpeter_mass_distribution(N, Mmin, Mmax)
Mtot_init = masses.sum()
converter=nbody_system.nbody_to_si(Mtot_init,Rvir)
bodies = new_king_model(N, W0,convert_nbody=converter)
bodies.mass = masses
bodies.scale_to_standard(convert_nbody=converter)
gravity = ph4(converter)
gravity.parameters.timestep_parameter = 0.01
gravity.particles.add_particles(bodies)
stopping_condition = gravity.stopping_conditions.collision_detection
stopping_condition.enable()
stellar = SeBa()
stellar.parameters.metallicity = z
stellar.particles.add_particle(bodies)
channel_from_se_to_framework = stellar.particles.new_channel_to(bodies)
channel_from_gd_to_framework = gravity.particles.new_channel_to(bodies)
channel_from_framework_to_gd = bodies.new_channel_to(gravity.particles)
channel_from_se_to_framework.copy_attributes(["mass","radius", "age"])
write_set_to_file(bodies.savepoint(0|units.Myr), filename, 'hdf5')
E_init = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
Nenc = 0
#dE_enc = dE_dyn = dE_stellar = zero
dE_coll = zero
time = zero
while time < t_end:
time += dt
bodies.radius *= 1.e+5
channel_from_framework_to_gd.copy_attributes(["mass", "radius"])
E_dyn = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
gravity.evolve_model(time)
dE_dyn = E_dyn - (gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy)
if stopping_condition.is_set():
E_coll = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
print "At time=", gravity.model_time.in_(units.Myr), "number of encounters=", len(stopping_condition.particles(0))
for ci in range(len(stopping_condition.particles(0))):
particles_in_encounter = Particles(particles=[stopping_condition.particles(0)[ci], stopping_condition.particles(1)[ci]])
particles_in_encounter = particles_in_encounter.get_intersecting_subset_in(bodies)
merge_two_stars(bodies, particles_in_encounter)
bodies.synchronize_to(gravity.particles)
bodies.synchronize_to(stellar.particles)
Nenc+=1
print "Resolve encounter Number:", Nenc
gravity.evolve_model(time)
dE_coll = E_coll - (gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy)
E_stellar = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
stellar.evolve_model(time)
dE_stellar = E_stellar - (gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy)
channel_from_gd_to_framework.copy()
channel_from_se_to_framework.copy_attributes(["age", "mass", "radius"])
write_set_to_file(bodies.savepoint(time), filename, 'hdf5')
print_diagnostics(time, bodies.mass.sum(), E_dyn, dE_dyn, dE_coll, dE_stellar)
gravity.stop()
stellar.stop()
def evolution_of_the_cluster(self, cluster):
'''
Function that makes de cluster evolution.
input: cluster -> defined in an inertial frame (centered at the
Galactic center)
steps in this function:
1. From cluster, another cluster is defined in a rotating frame
2. The gravity code is initialized
3. The stellar evolution is initialized
4. the Galaxy model is constructed
5. The Galaxy and the cluster in the rotating frame are coupled via the
Rotating Bridge
6. The evolution of the system is made
7. the cluster properties are transformed back to the inertial frame
'''
cluster_in_rotating_frame = self.creation_cluster_in_rotating_frame(
cluster)
# N body code
epsilon = self.softening(cluster)
convert_nbody = nbody_system.nbody_to_si(
cluster.mass.sum(), cluster.virial_radius())
gravity = Huayno(convert_nbody)
gravity.parameters.timestep = self.dt_bridge/3.
gravity.particles.add_particles(cluster_in_rotating_frame)
gravity.parameters.epsilon_squared = epsilon**2
channel_from_gravity_to_rotating_cluster = \
gravity.particles.new_channel_to(
cluster_in_rotating_frame)
channel_from_rotating_cluster_to_gravity = \
cluster_in_rotating_frame.new_channel_to(gravity.particles)
# stellar evolution code
se = SeBa()
se.particles.add_particles(cluster_in_rotating_frame)
channel_from_rotating_cluster_to_se = \
cluster_in_rotating_frame.new_channel_to(se.particles)
channel_from_se_to_rotating_cluster = se.particles.new_channel_to(
cluster_in_rotating_frame)
# Galaxy model and Rotating bridge
MW = self.galactic_model()
system = Rotating_Bridge(
self.omega_system,
timestep=self.dt_bridge,
verbose=False,
method=self.method)
system.add_system(gravity, (MW,), False)
system.add_system(MW, (), False)
X = []
Y = []
T = []
# Cluster evolution
while (self.time <= self.t_end-self.dt_bridge/2):
self.time += self.dt_bridge
system.evolve_model(self.time)
se.evolve_model(self.time)
channel_from_gravity_to_rotating_cluster.copy_attributes(
['x', 'y', 'z', 'vx', 'vy', 'vz'])
channel_from_se_to_rotating_cluster.copy_attributes(
[
'mass', 'radius', 'luminosity', 'age', 'temperature',
'stellar_type'
]
)
channel_from_rotating_cluster_to_gravity.copy_attributes(['mass'])
self.from_noinertial_to_cluster_in_inertial_frame(
cluster_in_rotating_frame, cluster)
time = self.time.value_in(units.Myr)
cm = cluster.center_of_mass()
# write data
if ((time == 2) or (time == 50) or (time == 100) or (time == 150)):
X.append((cluster.x-cm[0]).value_in(units.kpc))
Y.append((cluster.y-cm[1]).value_in(units.kpc))
T.append(time)
gravity.stop()
se.stop()
return T, X, Y
def main(N, W0, t_end, dt, filename, Rvir, Mmin, Mmax, z):
masses = new_salpeter_mass_distribution(N, Mmin, Mmax)
Mtot_init = masses.sum()
converter = nbody_system.nbody_to_si(Mtot_init, Rvir)
bodies = new_king_model(N, W0, convert_nbody=converter)
bodies.mass = masses
bodies.scale_to_standard(convert_nbody=converter)
gravity = ph4(converter)
gravity.parameters.timestep_parameter = 0.01
gravity.particles.add_particles(bodies)
stopping_condition = gravity.stopping_conditions.collision_detection
stopping_condition.enable()
stellar = SeBa()
stellar.parameters.metallicity = z
stellar.particles.add_particle(bodies)
channel_from_stellar = stellar.particles.new_channel_to(
bodies,
attributes=["mass", "radius", "age"],
target_names=["mass", "radius", "age"])
channel_from_gravity = gravity.particles.new_channel_to(
bodies,
attributes=["x", "y", "z", "vx", "vy", "vz", "mass", "radius"],
target_names=[
"x", "y", "z", "vx", "vy", "vz", "mass", "collision_radius"
])
channel_to_gravity = bodies.new_channel_to(
gravity.particles,
attributes=["mass", "collision_radius"],
target_names=["mass", "radius"])
channel_from_stellar.copy()
write_set_to_file(bodies.savepoint(0 | units.Myr), filename, 'hdf5')
E_init = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
Nenc = 0
dE_coll = zero
time = zero
###BOOKLISTSTART3###
while time < t_end:
time += dt
E_stellar = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
stellar.evolve_model(time)
dE_stellar = E_stellar - (gravity.kinetic_energy \
+ gravity.potential_energy)
channel_from_stellar.copy()
bodies.collision_radius = 1.e+5 * bodies.radius
channel_to_gravity.copy()
E_dyn = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
gravity.evolve_model(time)
dE_dyn = E_dyn - (gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy)
channel_from_gravity.copy()
resolve_collision(stopping_condition, gravity, stellar, bodies)
write_set_to_file(bodies.savepoint(time), filename, 'hdf5')
print_diagnostics(time, bodies.mass.sum(), E_dyn, dE_dyn, dE_coll,
dE_stellar)
###BOOKLISTSTOP3###
gravity.stop()
stellar.stop()
def evolve_triple_with_wind(M1, M2, M3, Pora, Pin_0, ain_0, aout_0,
ein_0, eout_0, t_end, nsteps, scheme, dtse_fac):
import random
from amuse.ext.solarsystem import get_position
print "Initial masses:", M1, M2, M3
t_stellar = 4.0|units.Myr
triple = Particles(3)
triple[0].mass = M1
triple[1].mass = M2
triple[2].mass = M3
stellar = SeBa()
stellar.particles.add_particles(triple)
channel_from_stellar = stellar.particles.new_channel_to(triple)
stellar.evolve_model(t_stellar)
channel_from_stellar.copy_attributes(["mass"])
M1 = triple[0].mass
M2 = triple[1].mass
M3 = triple[2].mass
print "T=", stellar.model_time.in_(units.Myr)
print "M=", stellar.particles.mass.in_(units.MSun)
print "Masses at time T:", M1, M2, M3
# Inner binary
tmp_stars = Particles(2)
tmp_stars[0].mass = M1
tmp_stars[1].mass = M2
if Pora == 1:
ain_0 = semimajor_axis(Pin_0, M1+M2)
else:
Pin_0 = orbital_period(ain_0, M1+M2)
print 'ain_0 =', ain_0
print 'M1+M2 =', M1+M2
print 'Pin_0 =', Pin_0.value_in(units.day), '[day]'
#print 'semi:', semimajor_axis(Pin_0, M1+M2).value_in(units.AU), 'AU'
#print 'period:', orbital_period(ain_0, M1+M2).value_in(units.day), '[day]'
dt = 0.1*Pin_0
ma = 180
inc = 30
aop = 180
lon = 0
r, v = get_position(M1, M2, ein_0, ain_0, ma, inc, aop, lon, dt)
tmp_stars[1].position = r
tmp_stars[1].velocity = v
tmp_stars.move_to_center()
# Outer binary
r, v = get_position(M1+M2, M3, eout_0, aout_0, 0, 0, 0, 0, dt)
tertiary = Particle()
tertiary.mass = M3
tertiary.position = r
tertiary.velocity = v
tmp_stars.add_particle(tertiary)
tmp_stars.move_to_center()
triple.position = tmp_stars.position
triple.velocity = tmp_stars.velocity
Mtriple = triple.mass.sum()
Pout = orbital_period(aout_0, Mtriple)
print "T=", stellar.model_time.in_(units.Myr)
print "M=", stellar.particles.mass.in_(units.MSun)
print "Pout=", Pout.in_(units.Myr)
converter = nbody_system.nbody_to_si(triple.mass.sum(), aout_0)
gravity = Hermite(converter)
gravity.particles.add_particles(triple)
channel_from_framework_to_gd = triple.new_channel_to(gravity.particles)
channel_from_gd_to_framework = gravity.particles.new_channel_to(triple)
Etot_init = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
Etot_prev = Etot_init
gravity.particles.move_to_center()
time = 0.0 | t_end.unit
ts = t_stellar + time
ain, ein, aout, eout = get_orbital_elements_of_triple(triple)
print "Triple elements t=", time, \
"inner:", triple[0].mass, triple[1].mass, ain, ein, \
"outer:", triple[2].mass, aout, eout
dt_diag = t_end/float(nsteps)
t_diag = dt_diag
t = [time.value_in(units.Myr)]
smai = [ain/ain_0]
ecci = [ein/ein_0]
smao = [aout/aout_0]
ecco = [eout/eout_0]
ain = ain_0
def advance_stellar(ts, dt):
E0 = gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy
ts += dt
stellar.evolve_model(ts)
channel_from_stellar.copy_attributes(["mass"])
channel_from_framework_to_gd.copy_attributes(["mass"])
return ts, gravity.kinetic_energy + gravity.potential_energy - E0
def advance_gravity(tg, dt):
tg += dt
gravity.evolve_model(tg)
channel_from_gd_to_framework.copy()
return tg
while time < t_end:
Pin = orbital_period(ain, triple[0].mass+triple[1].mass)
dt = dtse_fac*Pin
dt *= random.random()
if scheme == 1:
ts, dE_se = advance_stellar(ts, dt)
time = advance_gravity(time, dt)
elif scheme == 2:
time = advance_gravity(time, dt)
ts, dE_se = advance_stellar(ts, dt)
else:
dE_se = zero
#ts, dE_se = advance_stellar(ts, dt/2)
time = advance_gravity(time, dt)
#ts, dE = advance_stellar(ts, dt/2)
#dE_se += dE
if time >= t_diag:
t_diag = time + dt_diag
Ekin = gravity.kinetic_energy
Epot = gravity.potential_energy
Etot = Ekin + Epot
dE = Etot_prev - Etot
Mtot = triple.mass.sum()
print "T=", time,
print "M=", Mtot, "(dM[SE]=", Mtot/Mtriple, ")",
print "E= ", Etot, "Q= ", Ekin/Epot,
print "dE=", (Etot_init-Etot)/Etot, "ddE=", (Etot_prev-Etot)/Etot,
print "(dE[SE]=", dE_se/Etot, ")"
Etot_init -= dE
Etot_prev = Etot
ain, ein, aout, eout = get_orbital_elements_of_triple(triple)
print "Triple elements t=", (4|units.Myr) + time, \
"inner:", triple[0].mass, triple[1].mass, ain, ein, \
"outer:", triple[2].mass, aout, eout
t.append(time.value_in(units.Myr))
smai.append(ain/ain_0)
ecci.append(ein/ein_0)
smao.append(aout/aout_0)
ecco.append(eout/eout_0)
if eout > 1.0 or aout <= zero:
print "Binary ionized or merged"
break
gravity.stop()
stellar.stop()
return t, smai, ecci, smao, ecco
