def test_hvgate(self):
"""
Test `andes.core.discrete.HVGate`
"""
self.hv = HVGate(self.u1, self.u2)
self.hv.sl.list2array(self.n)
self.hv.sl.check_var()
np.testing.assert_almost_equal(self.hv.sl.s0, np.array([1, 1, 1, 0, 0]))
np.testing.assert_almost_equal(self.hv.sl.s1, np.array([0, 0, 1, 1, 1]))
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
ExcVsum.__init__(self)
self.UEL0.v_str = '-999'
self.OEL0.v_str = '999'
self.flags.nr_iter = True
# NOTE: e_str `KC*XadIfd / INT_y - IN` causes numerical inaccuracies
self.IN = Algeb(tex_name='I_N',
info='Input to FEX',
v_str='1',
v_iter='KC * XadIfd - INT_y * IN',
e_str='ue * (KC * XadIfd - INT_y * IN)',
diag_eps=True,
)
self.FEX = Piecewise(u=self.IN,
points=(0, 0.433, 0.75, 1),
funs=('1', '1 - 0.577*IN', 'sqrt(0.75 - IN ** 2)', '1.732*(1 - IN)', 0),
info='Piecewise function FEX',
)
self.FEX.y.v_str = '1'
self.FEX.y.v_iter = self.FEX.y.e_str
# control block begin
self.LG = Lag(self.v, T=self.TR, K=1,
info='Voltage transducer',
)
# input excitation voltages;
self.vi = Algeb(info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
e_str='ue * (-LG_y + vref + UEL + OEL + Vs - vi)',
v_str='-v + vref',
diag_eps=True,
)
self.LL = LeadLag(u=self.vi, T1=self.TC, T2=self.TB,
info='V_A, Lead-lag compensator',
zero_out=True,
) # LL_y == VA
self.VAMAXu = ConstService('VAMAX * ue + (1-ue) * 999')
self.VAMINu = ConstService('VAMIN * ue + (1-ue) * -999')
self.LA = LagAntiWindup(u=self.LL_y,
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
upper=self.VAMAXu,
lower=self.VAMINu,
info='V_A, Anti-windup lag',
) # LA_y == VA
self.HVG = HVGate(u1=self.UEL,
u2=self.LA_y,
info='HVGate for under excitation',
)
self.LVG = LVGate(u1=self.HVG_y,
u2=self.OEL,
info='HVGate for under excitation',
)
self.INTin = 'ue * (LVG_y - VFE)'
ExcACSat.__init__(self)
self.vref.v_str = 'v + VFE / KA'
self.vref0 = PostInitService(info='Initial reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='vref',
)
self.WF = Washout(u=self.VFE,
T=self.TF,
K=self.KF,
info='Stablizing circuit feedback',
)
self.vout.e_str = 'ue * FEX_y * INT_y - vout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
self.KPC = ConstService(v_str='KP * exp(1j * radians(THETAP))',
tex_name='K_{PC}',
info='KP polar THETAP',
vtype=np.complex)
# vd, vq, Id, Iq from SynGen
self.vd = ExtAlgeb(
src='vd',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'V_d',
info='d-axis machine voltage',
)
self.vq = ExtAlgeb(
src='vq',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'V_q',
info='q-axis machine voltage',
)
self.Id = ExtAlgeb(
src='Id',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'I_d',
info='d-axis machine current',
)
self.Iq = ExtAlgeb(
src='Iq',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'I_q',
info='q-axis machine current',
)
# control block begin
self.LG = Lag(
self.v,
T=self.TR,
K=1,
info='Voltage transducer',
)
self.UEL = Algeb(info='Interface var for under exc. limiter',
tex_name='U_{EL}',
v_str='0',
e_str='0 - UEL')
self.VE = VarService(
tex_name='V_E',
info='VE',
v_str='Abs(KPC*(vd + 1j*vq) + 1j*(KI + KPC*XL)*(Id + 1j*Iq))',
)
self.IN = Algeb(
tex_name='I_N',
info='Input to FEX',
v_str='KC * XadIfd / VE',
e_str='KC * XadIfd / VE - IN',
)
self.FEX = Piecewise(
u=self.IN,
points=(0, 0.433, 0.75, 1),
funs=('1', '1 - 0.577*IN', 'sqrt(0.75 - IN ** 2)',
'1.732*(1 - IN)', 0),
info='Piecewise function FEX',
)
self.VBMIN = dummify(-9999)
self.VGMIN = dummify(-9999)
self.VB = GainLimiter(
u='VE*FEX_y',
K=1,
upper=self.VBMAX,
lower=self.VBMIN,
no_lower=True,
info='VB with limiter',
)
self.VG = GainLimiter(
u=self.vout,
K=self.KG,
upper=self.VGMAX,
lower=self.VGMIN,
no_lower=True,
info='Feedback gain with HL',
)
self.vrs = Algeb(
tex_name='V_{RS}',
info='VR subtract feedback VG',
v_str='vf0 / VB_y / KM',
e_str='LAW1_y - VG_y - vrs',
)
self.vref = Algeb(
info='Reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='(vrs + VG_y) / KA + v',
e_str='vref0 - vref',
)
self.vref0 = PostInitService(
info='Initial reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='vref',
)
# input excitation voltages; PSS outputs summed at vi
self.vi = Algeb(
info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
e_str='-LG_y + vref - vi',
v_str='-v + vref',
)
self.vil = Algeb(info='Input voltage after limit',
tex_name='V_{il}',
v_str='HLI_zi*vi + HLI_zl*VIMIN + HLI_zu*VIMAX',
e_str='HLI_zi*vi + HLI_zl*VIMIN + HLI_zu*VIMAX - vil')
self.HG = HVGate(
u1=self.UEL,
u2=self.vil,
info='HVGate for under excitation',
)
self.LL = LeadLag(
u=self.HG_y,
T1=self.TC,
T2=self.TB,
info='Regulator',
zero_out=True,
) # LL_y == VA
self.LAW1 = LagAntiWindup(
u=self.LL_y,
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
lower=self.VRMIN,
upper=self.VRMAX,
info='Lag AW on VR',
) # LAW1_y == VR
self.HLI = HardLimiter(
u=self.vi,
lower=self.VIMIN,
upper=self.VIMAX,
info='Input limiter',
)
self.LAW2 = LagAntiWindup(
u=self.vrs,
T=self.TM,
K=self.KM,
lower=self.VMMIN,
upper=self.VMMAX,
info='Lag AW on VM',
) # LAW2_y == VM
self.vout.e_str = 'VB_y * LAW2_y - vout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
# Set VRMAX to 999 when VRMAX = 0
self._zVRM = FlagValue(
self.VRMAX,
value=0,
tex_name='z_{VRMAX}',
)
self.VRMAXc = ConstService(
v_str='VRMAX + 999*(1-_zVRM)',
info='Set VRMAX=999 when zero',
)
self.LG = Lag(
u=self.v,
T=self.TR,
K=1,
info='Transducer delay',
)
self.SAT = ExcQuadSat(
self.E1,
self.SE1,
self.E2,
self.SE2,
info='Field voltage saturation',
)
self.Se0 = ConstService(
tex_name='S_{e0}',
v_str='(vf0>SAT_A) * SAT_B*(SAT_A-vf0) ** 2 / vf0',
)
self.vfe0 = ConstService(
v_str='vf0 * (KE + Se0)',
tex_name='V_{FE0}',
)
self.vref0 = ConstService(
info='Initial reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='v + vfe0 / KA',
)
self.vref = Algeb(info='Reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='vref0',
e_str='vref0 - vref')
self.vi = Algeb(
info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='vref0 - v',
e_str='(vref - v - WF_y) - vi',
)
self.LL = LeadLag(
u=self.vi,
T1=self.TC,
T2=self.TB,
info='Lead-lag compensator',
zero_out=True,
)
self.UEL = Algeb(info='Interface var for under exc. limiter',
tex_name='U_{EL}',
v_str='0',
e_str='0 - UEL')
self.HG = HVGate(
u1=self.UEL,
u2=self.LL_y,
info='HVGate for under excitation',
)
self.VRU = VarService(
v_str='VRMAXc * v',
tex_name='V_T V_{RMAX}',
)
self.VRL = VarService(
v_str='VRMIN * v',
tex_name='V_T V_{RMIN}',
)
# TODO: WARNING: HVGate is temporarily skipped
self.LA = LagAntiWindup(
u=self.LL_y,
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
upper=self.VRU,
lower=self.VRL,
info='Anti-windup lag',
) # LA_y == VR
# `LessThan` may be causing memory issue in (SL_z0 * vout) - uncertain yet
self.SL = LessThan(u=self.vout,
bound=self.SAT_A,
equal=False,
enable=True,
cache=False)
self.Se = Algeb(
tex_name=r"S_e(|V_{out}|)",
info='saturation output',
v_str='Se0',
e_str='SL_z0 * (INT_y - SAT_A) ** 2 * SAT_B / INT_y - Se',
)
self.VFE = Algeb(info='Combined saturation feedback',
tex_name='V_{FE}',
unit='p.u.',
v_str='vfe0',
e_str='INT_y * (KE + Se) - VFE')
self.INT = Integrator(
u='LA_y - VFE',
T=self.TE,
K=1,
y0=self.vf0,
info='Integrator',
)
self.WF = Washout(u=self.INT_y,
T=self.TF1,
K=self.KF,
info='Feedback to input')
self.vout.e_str = 'INT_y - vout'
def __init__(self, system, config):
ExcBase.__init__(self, system, config)
self.flags.nr_iter = True
ExcVsum.__init__(self)
self.UEL0.v_str = '-999'
self.OEL0.v_str = '999'
self.ulim = ConstService('9999')
self.llim = ConstService('-9999')
self.SWUEL = Switcher(u=self.UELc,
options=[0, 1, 2, 3],
tex_name='SW_{UEL}',
cache=True)
self.SWVOS = Switcher(u=self.VOSc,
options=[0, 1, 2],
tex_name='SW_{VOS}',
cache=True)
# control block begin
self.LG = Lag(
self.v,
T=self.TR,
K=1,
info='Voltage transducer',
)
self.SG0 = ConstService(v_str='0', info='SG initial value.')
self.SG = Algeb(
tex_name='SG',
info='SG',
v_str='SG0',
e_str='SG0 - SG',
)
self.zero = ConstService('0')
self.LR = GainLimiter(
u='XadIfd - ILR',
K=self.KLR,
R=1,
upper=self.ulim,
lower=self.zero,
no_upper=True,
info='Exciter output current gain limiter',
)
self.VA0 = PostInitService(tex_name='V_{A0}',
v_str='vf0 - SWVOS_s2 * SG + LR_y',
info='VA (LA_y) initial value')
self.vref.v_str = 'ue * (v + (vf0 - SWVOS_s2 * SG + LR_y) / KA - SWVOS_s1 * SG - SWUEL_s1 * UEL)'
self.vref.v_iter = 'ue * (v + (vf0 - SWVOS_s2 * SG + LR_y) / KA - SWVOS_s1 * SG - SWUEL_s1 * UEL)'
self.vref0 = PostInitService(
info='Initial reference voltage input',
tex_name='V_{ref0}',
v_str='vref',
)
self.vi = Algeb(
info='Total input voltages',
tex_name='V_i',
unit='p.u.',
e_str=
'ue * (-LG_y + vref - WF_y + SWUEL_s1 * UEL + SWVOS_s1 * SG + Vs) - vi',
v_iter=
'ue * (-LG_y + vref - WF_y + SWUEL_s1 * UEL + SWVOS_s1 * SG + Vs)',
v_str=
'ue * (-LG_y + vref - WF_y + SWUEL_s1 * UEL + SWVOS_s1 * SG + Vs)',
)
self.vil = GainLimiter(
u=self.vi,
K=1,
R=1,
upper=self.VIMAX,
lower=self.VIMIN,
info='Exciter voltage input limiter',
)
self.UEL2 = Algeb(
tex_name='UEL_2',
info='UEL_2 as HVG1 u1',
v_str='ue * (SWUEL_s2 * UEL + (1 - SWUEL_s2) * llim)',
e_str='ue * (SWUEL_s2 * UEL + (1 - SWUEL_s2) * llim) - UEL2',
)
self.HVG1 = HVGate(
u1=self.UEL2,
u2=self.vil_y,
info='HVGate after V_I',
)
self.LL = LeadLag(
u=self.HVG1_y,
T1=self.TC,
T2=self.TB,
info='Lead-lag compensator',
zero_out=True,
)
self.LL1 = LeadLag(
u=self.LL_y,
T1=self.TC1,
T2=self.TB1,
info='Lead-lag compensator 1',
zero_out=True,
)
self.LA = LagAntiWindup(
u=self.LL1_y,
T=self.TA,
K=self.KA,
upper=self.VAMAX,
lower=self.VAMIN,
info='V_A, Anti-windup lag',
) # LA_y is VA
self.vas = Algeb(
tex_name=r'V_{As}',
info='V_A after subtraction, as HVG u2',
v_str='ue * (SWVOS_s2 * SG + LA_y - LR_y)',
v_iter='ue * (SWVOS_s2 * SG + LA_y - LR_y)',
e_str='ue * (SWVOS_s2 * SG + LA_y - LR_y) - vas',
)
self.UEL3 = Algeb(
tex_name='UEL_3',
info='UEL_3 as HVG u1',
v_str='ue * (SWUEL_s3 * UEL + (1 - SWUEL_s3) * llim)',
e_str='ue * (SWUEL_s3 * UEL + (1 - SWUEL_s3) * llim) - UEL3',
)
self.HVG = HVGate(
u1=self.UEL3,
u2=self.vas,
info='HVGate for under excitation',
)
self.LVG = LVGate(
u1=self.HVG_y,
u2=self.OEL,
info='HVGate for over excitation',
)
# vd, vq, Id, Iq from SynGen
self.vd = ExtAlgeb(
src='vd',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'V_d',
info='d-axis machine voltage',
)
self.vq = ExtAlgeb(
src='vq',
model='SynGen',
indexer=self.syn,
tex_name=r'V_q',
info='q-axis machine voltage',
)
self.efdu = VarService(
info='Output exciter voltage upper bound',
tex_name=r'efd_{u}',
v_str='Abs(vd + 1j*vq) * VRMAX - KC * XadIfd',
)
self.efdl = VarService(info='Output exciter voltage lower bound',
tex_name=r'efd_{l}',
v_str='Abs(vd + 1j*vq) * VRMIN')
self.vol = GainLimiter(
u=self.LVG_y,
K=1,
R=1,
upper=self.efdu,
lower=self.efdl,
info='Exciter output limiter',
)
self.WF = Washout(
u=self.LVG_y,
T=self.TF,
K=self.KF,
info='V_F, Stablizing circuit feedback',
)
self.vout.e_str = 'ue * vol_y - vout'