def stream_into_stripe(params,
sn,
N_stars,
batch=1000,
fileout="streamgen82.txt",
detection=1,
convolve=1,
append=0,
progbar=1,
primary=0):
""" sn is stream number"""
# Initialize file
if append == 0:
out = open(fileout, 'w')
out.write("# " + str(N_stars) + " stars, l,b,r \n")
out.close()
# Get constants
mu,R,theta,phi,sigma,wedge = \
params.mu[sn],params.R[sn],params.theta[sn],params.phi[sn],params.sigma[sn], params.wedge
print("Stream Parameters", mu, R, theta, phi, sigma, wedge)
u_min, u_max = get_stream_length(params, sn, accuracy=0.0001)
nu_min, nu_max = params.nu_lim[0], params.nu_lim[1]
mu_min, mu_max = params.mu_lim[0], params.mu_lim[1]
g_min, g_max = params.stripe[2][0], params.stripe[2][1]
#print "# - Generating Stream {0}, using parameters {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {5}".format(
# sn, mu, R, theta, phi, sigma)
N_out = 0
pb = pr.Progressbar(steps=N_stars,
prefix="Stream {0} progress:".format(sn),
suffix="Generating {0} Stars".format(N_stars),
symbol="#",
active="=",
brackets="[]",
percent=True,
size=40)
while N_out < N_stars:
mu_killed, nu_killed, mu_saved = 0, 0, 0
u, v, w = generate_stream(batch, u_min, u_max, sigma)
holder = []
for i in range(len(u)):
mu1, nu1, r1 = co.streamToGC(u[i], v[i], w[i], mu, R, theta * deg,
phi * deg, wedge)
if (nu1 < nu_min) or (nu1 > nu_max):
nu_killed = nu_killed + 1
continue
if (mu_max > 360.0):
if (mu1 > (mu_max - 360.0)) and (mu1 < mu_min):
mu_killed = mu_killed + 1
continue
else:
if (mu1 < mu_min) or (mu1 > mu_max):
mu_killed = mu_killed + 1
continue
if primary == 1:
if co.SDSS_primary(mu1, nu1, wedge, low=9, high=25) == 0:
continue
# Convolve
if convolve == 1:
r1 = star_convolution(r1, params.modfit)
# Detection
if detection == 1:
m_g = co.getg(r1)
if np.random.uniform() > sigmoid_error(m_g, params.modfit):
continue
if (co.getg(r1) < g_min) or (co.getg(r1) > g_max): continue
# When a point passes all the testsm add it to the set
l, b, r1 = co.GC2lbr(mu1, nu1, r1, wedge)
#co.stream2xyz(u[i],v[i],w[i],mu,R,theta,phi,wedge)
holder.append([round(l, 6), round(b, 6), round(r1, 6)])
N_out = N_out + 1
if N_out > N_stars:
slice = -1 * (N_out - N_stars)
holder = holder[:slice]
#print "#---Sliced {0} stars to make quota".format(str(-1*slice))
N_out = N_out + slice #Slice is negative
#append to file
if len(holder) != 0:
if fi.append_data(sc.array(holder), fileout, delimiter=" ") == 1:
#print "#---Stream Progress: {0} stars of {1} total stars generated".format(N_out, N_stars)
#print "# !!! - mu killed: {0}, mu_saved: {1}, nu_killed: {2}".format(mu_killed, mu_saved, nu_killed)
pb.updatebar(float(N_out) / float(N_stars))
print("#---Stream {0} generation succeeded, written as {1}".format(
sn, fileout))
return fileout
def get_stream_length(params, N=0, accuracy=0.0001):
""" gets the length of a stream within an SDSS wedge; N=stream number"""
mu, R, theta, phi, wedge = params.mu[N], params.R[N], params.theta[
N], params.phi[N], params.wedge
# make a point (or points) in xyz along stream direction
u1, v1, w1 = 0.1, 0.0, 0.0
u2, v2, w2 = -0.1, 0.0, 0.0
#check to see which is closest to the nu = +2.5 boundry, flip if necessary
mu1, nu1, r1 = co.streamToGC(u1, v1, w1, mu, R, theta * deg, phi * deg,
wedge)
mu2, nu2, r2 = co.streamToGC(u2, v2, w2, mu, R, theta * deg, phi * deg,
wedge)
if np.fabs(nu1 - 2.5) > np.fabs(nu2 - 2.5):
u1, u2 = (-1.0 * u1), (-1.0 * u2)
temp = nu1
nu1, nu2 = nu2, temp
# check them against wedge boundries (mu, nu, r)
test = 0
while test == 0:
mu1, nu1, r1 = co.streamToGC(u1, v1, w1, mu, R, theta * deg, phi * deg,
wedge)
# account for wrap-around
if params.mu_lim[1] > 360.0:
if mu1 < params.mu_lim[0]: mu1 = mu1 + 360.0
if (mu1 < params.mu_lim[0]) or (mu1 > params.mu_lim[1]):
#print "u1 ({0}) finished due to mu lim: {1}, {2}, {3}".format(u1, mu1, nu1, r1)
break
if (nu1 > 2.5):
#print "u1 ({0}) finished due to nu lim: {1}, {2}, {3}".format(u1, mu1, nu1, r1)
break
if (nu1 < -2.5):
#print "!!! WARNING: u1 EXITED DUE TO OPPOSITE THRESHOLD"
#print "u1 ({0}) finished due to nu lim: {1}, {2}, {3}".format(u1, mu1, nu1, r1)
break
if (r1 < params.r_lim[0]) or (r1 > params.r_lim[1]):
#print "u1 ({0}) finished due to r lim: {1}, {2}, {3}".format(u1, mu1, nu1, r1)
break
u1 = u1 + 0.1
if u1 > 100.0:
print("!!! u1 {0} reached threshold limit!".format(u1))
test = 1
# Do for u2
test = 0
while test == 0:
mu2, nu2, r2 = co.streamToGC(u2, v2, w2, mu, R, theta * deg, phi * deg,
wedge)
# account for wrap-around
if params.mu_lim[1] > 360.0:
if mu2 < params.mu_lim[0]: mu2 = mu2 + 360.0
if (mu2 < params.mu_lim[0]) or (mu2 > params.mu_lim[1]):
#print "u2 ({0}) finished due to mu lim: {1}, {2}, {3}".format(u2, mu2, nu2, r2)
break
if (nu2 < -2.5):
#print "u2 ({0}) finished due to nu lim: {1}, {2}, {3}".format(u2, mu2, nu2, r2)
break
if (nu2 > 2.5):
#print "!!! WARNING: u2 EXITED DUE TO OPPOSITE THRESHOLD"
#print "u2 ({0}) finished due to nu lim: {1}, {2}, {3}".format(u2, mu2, nu2, r2)
break
if (r2 < params.r_lim[0]) or (r2 > params.r_lim[1]):
#print "u2 ({0}) finished due to r lim: {1}, {2}, {3}".format(u2, mu2, nu2, r2)
break
u2 = u2 - 0.1
if u2 < -100.0:
print("!!! u1 {0} reached threshold limit!".format(u1))
test = 1
# finish up
length = np.fabs(u1 - u2)
print("# Stream is {0} kpc long within wedge boundaries".format(length))
while np.fabs(u1 - u2) < 60.0:
u1 = u1 * 2.0
u2 = u2 * 2.0
if u2 > u1: return u1, u2
else: return u2, u1
def plot_stripe_results(param_string,
wedge,
data=None,
outname=None,
mag=0,
scale=0,
color=1,
mu_lim=None,
r_lim=None,
vm=None,
nu_flatten=0,
bar=1):
""" Graphically plots a parameter set, with or without the accompanying data
param_string: a list of MLE fit parameters
"""
halo = param_string[:2]
p1, p2, p3 = None, None, None
if len(param_string) > 2: p1 = param_string[2:8]
if len(param_string) > 8: p2 = param_string[8:14]
if len(param_string) > 14: p3 = param_string[14:]
t = sc.arange(0.0, 360.0, 0.1) * rad
fig = plt.figure(1, frameon=False)
if data != None:
sp = single_stripe_mur(data, wedge, mag, scale, color, 111, mu_lim,
r_lim, vm, nu_flatten, bar)
else:
sp = single_stripe_mur(sc.array([[0.0, 0.0, 0.0]]), wedge, mag, scale,
color, 111, mu_lim, r_lim, vm, nu_flatten, bar)
# Halo
xhalo, yhalo = (halo[1] * sc.cos(t)), (halo[1] * sc.sin(t))
sp.plot(xhalo, yhalo, "k--")
# Stream 1
if p1 != None:
u1, v1 = p1[5] * sc.cos(t), p1[5] * sc.sin(t)
mu1, nu1, r1 = sc.zeros(len(t)), sc.zeros(len(t)), sc.zeros(len(t))
for i in range(len(t)):
mu1[i], nu1[i], r1[i] = coor.streamToGC(u1[i], v1[i], 0.0, p1[1],
p1[2], p1[3], 2.2 * p1[4],
wedge)
sp.plot(r1 * sc.cos(mu1 * rad), r1 * sc.sin(mu1 * rad), "k-")
# Stream 2
if p2 != None:
u2, v2 = p2[5] * sc.cos(t), p2[5] * sc.sin(t)
mu2, nu2, r2 = sc.zeros(len(t)), sc.zeros(len(t)), sc.zeros(len(t))
for i in range(len(t)):
mu2[i], nu2[i], r2[i] = coor.streamToGC(u2[i], v2[i], 0.0, p2[1],
p2[2], p2[3], 2.2 * p2[4],
wedge)
sp.plot(r2 * sc.cos(mu2 * rad), r2 * sc.sin(mu2 * rad), "b-")
# Stream 3
if p3 != None:
u3, v3 = p3[5] * sc.cos(t), p3[5] * sc.sin(t)
mu3, nu3, r3 = sc.zeros(len(t)), sc.zeros(len(t)), sc.zeros(len(t))
for i in range(len(t)):
mu3[i], nu3[i], r3[i] = coor.streamToGC(u3[i], v3[i], 0.0, p3[1],
p3[2], p3[3], 2.2 * p3[4],
wedge)
sp.plot(r3 * sc.cos(mu3 * rad), r3 * sc.sin(mu3 * rad), "r-")
""" Draw Plot """
plt.xlim(-60.0, 60.0)
plt.ylim(-60.0, 60.0)
if outname == None: plt.show()
else:
plt.savefig(outname +
".png") #;plt.savefig((outname+".ps"), papertype='letter')
plt.close('all')
def stream_gen(params,
sn,
N_stars,
batch=1000,
fileout="streamgen82.txt",
detection=1,
convolve=1,
append=0):
""" sn is stream number"""
# Initialize file
if append == 0:
out = open(fileout, 'w')
out.write("# " + str(N_stars) + " stars, l,b,r,flag \n")
out.close()
# Get constants
mu,R,theta,phi,sigma,wedge = \
params.mu[sn],params.R[sn],params.theta[sn],params.phi[sn],params.sigma[sn], params.wedge
u_min, u_max = twg.get_stream_length(params, sn, accuracy=0.00001)
nu_min, nu_max = params.nu_lim[0], params.nu_lim[1]
mu_min, mu_max = params.mu_lim[0], params.mu_lim[1]
g_min, g_max = params.stripe[2][0], params.stripe[2][1]
print "# - Generating Stream {0}, using parameters {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {5}".format(
sn, mu, R, theta, phi, sigma)
X_out, Y_out = 0, 0 # X_out is stars detected in stripe, Y_out is stars generated that should be there.
while X_out < N_stars:
mu_killed, nu_killed, mu_saved = 0, 0, 0
u, v, w = twg.generate_stream(batch, u_min, u_max, sigma)
holder = []
for i in range(len(u)):
mu1, nu1, r1 = coor.streamToGC(u[i], v[i], w[i], mu, R, theta, phi,
wedge)
l, b, r1 = coor.GC2lbr(mu1, nu1, r1, wedge)
# Convolve
if convolve == 1:
r1 = twg.star_convolution(r1)
# Test nu, kill if invalid
if (nu1 < nu_min) or (nu1 > nu_max):
nu_killed = nu_killed + 1
#Y_out=Y_out+1 # COMMENT
#holder.append([round(l,6),round(b,6),round(r1,6), 1]) # COMMENT
continue
# Test mu, keep in Y if out of bounds
if (mu_max > 360.0):
if (mu1 > (mu_max - 360.0)) and (mu1 < mu_min):
mu_killed = mu_killed + 1
Y_out = Y_out + 1
holder.append([round(l, 6), round(b, 6), round(r1, 6), 1])
continue
else:
if (mu1 < mu_min) or (mu1 > mu_max):
mu_killed = mu_killed + 1
Y_out = Y_out + 1
holder.append([round(l, 6), round(b, 6), round(r1, 6), 1])
continue
# Detection
if detection == 1:
m_g = coor.getg(r1)
if np.random.uniform() > (twg.sigmoid_error(m_g)):
Y_out = Y_out + 1
holder.append([round(l, 6), round(b, 6), round(r1, 6), 1])
continue
# test g-limits
if (coor.getg(r1) < g_min) or (coor.getg(r1) > g_max):
Y_out = Y_out + 1
holder.append([round(l, 6), round(b, 6), round(r1, 6), 1])
continue
# When a point passes all the tests add it to the set
#co.stream2xyz(u[i],v[i],w[i],mu,R,theta,phi,wedge)
holder.append([round(l, 6), round(b, 6), round(r1, 6), 0])
X_out = X_out + 1
if X_out > N_stars:
slice = -1 * (X_out - N_stars)
holder = holder[:slice]
print "#---Sliced {0} stars to make quota".format(str(-1 * slice))
X_out = X_out + slice #Slice is negative
#append X and Y to files
if len(holder) != 0:
if fi.append_data(sc.array(holder), fileout, delimiter=" ") == 1:
print "#---Stream Progress: {0} stars of stars generated out of {1} detected".format(
Y_out + X_out, N_stars)
print "# !!! - out of mu: {0}, nu_killed: {1}".format(
mu_killed, nu_killed)
print "#---Stream {0} generation succeeded, written as {1}".format(
sn, fileout)
print " ### ----- Stream {0} Complete ----- ### \n"
return fileout
def get_stream_length(params, N=0, accuracy=0.0001):
""" gets the length of a stream within an SDSS wedge; N=stream number"""
mu, R, theta, phi, wedge = params.mu[N],params.R[N],params.theta[N],params.phi[N],params.wedge
# make a point (or points) in xyz along stream direction
u1,v1,w1 = 0.1, 0.0, 0.0
u2,v2,w2 = -0.1, 0.0, 0.0
#check to see which is closest to the nu = +2.5 boundry, flip if necessary
mu1, nu1, r1 = co.streamToGC(u1,v1,w1,mu, R, theta*deg, phi*deg, wedge)
mu2, nu2, r2 = co.streamToGC(u2,v2,w2,mu, R, theta*deg, phi*deg, wedge)
if np.fabs(nu1 - 2.5) > np.fabs(nu2 - 2.5):
u1, u2 = (-1.0*u1), (-1.0*u2)
temp = nu1
nu1, nu2 = nu2, temp
# check them against wedge boundries (mu, nu, r)
test = 0
while test==0:
mu1, nu1, r1 = co.streamToGC(u1,v1,w1,mu, R, theta*deg, phi*deg, wedge)
# account for wrap-around
if params.mu_lim[1] > 360.0:
if mu1 < params.mu_lim[0]: mu1 = mu1 + 360.0
if (mu1 < params.mu_lim[0]) or (mu1 > params.mu_lim[1]):
#print "u1 ({0}) finished due to mu lim: {1}, {2}, {3}".format(u1, mu1, nu1, r1)
break
if (nu1 > 2.5):
#print "u1 ({0}) finished due to nu lim: {1}, {2}, {3}".format(u1, mu1, nu1, r1)
break
if (nu1 < -2.5):
#print "!!! WARNING: u1 EXITED DUE TO OPPOSITE THRESHOLD"
#print "u1 ({0}) finished due to nu lim: {1}, {2}, {3}".format(u1, mu1, nu1, r1)
break
if (r1 < params.r_lim[0]) or (r1 > params.r_lim[1]):
#print "u1 ({0}) finished due to r lim: {1}, {2}, {3}".format(u1, mu1, nu1, r1)
break
u1 = u1 + 0.1
if u1 > 100.0: print "!!! u1 {0} reached threshold limit!".format(u1); test=1
# Do for u2
test = 0
while test==0:
mu2, nu2, r2 = co.streamToGC(u2,v2,w2,mu, R, theta*deg, phi*deg, wedge)
# account for wrap-around
if params.mu_lim[1] > 360.0:
if mu2 < params.mu_lim[0]: mu2 = mu2 + 360.0
if (mu2 < params.mu_lim[0]) or (mu2 > params.mu_lim[1]):
#print "u2 ({0}) finished due to mu lim: {1}, {2}, {3}".format(u2, mu2, nu2, r2)
break
if (nu2 < -2.5):
#print "u2 ({0}) finished due to nu lim: {1}, {2}, {3}".format(u2, mu2, nu2, r2)
break
if (nu2 > 2.5):
#print "!!! WARNING: u2 EXITED DUE TO OPPOSITE THRESHOLD"
#print "u2 ({0}) finished due to nu lim: {1}, {2}, {3}".format(u2, mu2, nu2, r2)
break
if (r2 < params.r_lim[0]) or (r2 > params.r_lim[1]):
#print "u2 ({0}) finished due to r lim: {1}, {2}, {3}".format(u2, mu2, nu2, r2)
break
u2 = u2 - 0.1
if u2 < -100.0: print "!!! u1 {0} reached threshold limit!".format(u1); test=1
# finish up
length = np.fabs(u1-u2)
print "# Stream is {0} kpc long within wedge boundaries".format(length)
while np.fabs(u1-u2) < 60.0:
u1 = u1*2.0
u2 = u2*2.0
if u2 > u1: return u1, u2
else: return u2, u1
def stream_into_stripe(params, sn, N_stars, batch=1000, fileout="streamgen82.txt",
detection=1, convolve=1, append=0, progbar=1, primary=0):
""" sn is stream number"""
# Initialize file
if append==0:
out = open(fileout, 'w')
out.write("# "+str(N_stars)+" stars, l,b,r \n")
out.close()
# Get constants
mu,R,theta,phi,sigma,wedge = \
params.mu[sn],params.R[sn],params.theta[sn],params.phi[sn],params.sigma[sn], params.wedge
print "Stream Parameters", mu, R, theta, phi, sigma, wedge
u_min, u_max = get_stream_length(params, sn, accuracy=0.0001)
nu_min, nu_max = params.nu_lim[0], params.nu_lim[1]
mu_min, mu_max = params.mu_lim[0], params.mu_lim[1]
g_min, g_max = params.stripe[2][0], params.stripe[2][1]
#print "# - Generating Stream {0}, using parameters {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {5}".format(
# sn, mu, R, theta, phi, sigma)
N_out = 0
pb = pr.Progressbar(steps=N_stars, prefix="Stream {0} progress:".format(sn),
suffix="Generating {0} Stars".format(N_stars), symbol="#",
active="=", brackets="[]", percent=True, size=40)
while N_out < N_stars:
mu_killed, nu_killed, mu_saved = 0,0,0
u,v,w = generate_stream(batch, u_min, u_max, sigma)
holder = []
for i in range(len(u)):
mu1, nu1, r1 = co.streamToGC(u[i],v[i],w[i],mu,R,theta*deg,phi*deg,wedge)
if (nu1 < nu_min) or (nu1 > nu_max): nu_killed=nu_killed+1; continue
if (mu_max > 360.0):
if (mu1 > (mu_max-360.0)) and (mu1 < mu_min): mu_killed=mu_killed+1; continue
else:
if (mu1 < mu_min) or (mu1 > mu_max): mu_killed=mu_killed+1; continue
if primary == 1:
if co.SDSS_primary(mu1,nu1,wedge,low=9,high=25) == 0: continue
# Convolve
if convolve==1:
r1 = star_convolution(r1, params.modfit)
# Detection
if detection==1:
m_g = co.getg(r1)
if np.random.uniform() > sigmoid_error(m_g, params.modfit): continue
if (co.getg(r1) < g_min) or (co.getg(r1) > g_max): continue
# When a point passes all the testsm add it to the set
l,b,r1 = co.GC2lbr(mu1, nu1, r1, wedge)
#co.stream2xyz(u[i],v[i],w[i],mu,R,theta,phi,wedge)
holder.append([round(l,6),round(b,6),round(r1,6)])
N_out = N_out + 1
if N_out > N_stars:
slice = -1*(N_out-N_stars)
holder = holder[:slice]
#print "#---Sliced {0} stars to make quota".format(str(-1*slice))
N_out = N_out + slice #Slice is negative
#append to file
if len(holder) != 0:
if fi.append_data(sc.array(holder), fileout, delimiter=" ") == 1:
#print "#---Stream Progress: {0} stars of {1} total stars generated".format(N_out, N_stars)
#print "# !!! - mu killed: {0}, mu_saved: {1}, nu_killed: {2}".format(mu_killed, mu_saved, nu_killed)
pb.updatebar(float(N_out)/float(N_stars))
print "#---Stream {0} generation succeeded, written as {1}".format(sn, fileout)
return fileout
def stream_gen(params, sn, N_stars, batch=1000, fileout="streamgen82.txt",
detection=1, convolve=1, append=0):
""" sn is stream number"""
# Initialize file
if append==0:
out = open(fileout, 'w')
out.write("# "+str(N_stars)+" stars, l,b,r,flag \n")
out.close()
# Get constants
mu,R,theta,phi,sigma,wedge = \
params.mu[sn],params.R[sn],params.theta[sn],params.phi[sn],params.sigma[sn], params.wedge
u_min, u_max = twg.get_stream_length(params, sn, accuracy=0.00001)
nu_min, nu_max = params.nu_lim[0], params.nu_lim[1]
mu_min, mu_max = params.mu_lim[0], params.mu_lim[1]
g_min, g_max = params.stripe[2][0], params.stripe[2][1]
print "# - Generating Stream {0}, using parameters {1}, {2}, {3}, {4}, {5}".format(
sn, mu, R, theta, phi, sigma)
X_out, Y_out = 0, 0 # X_out is stars detected in stripe, Y_out is stars generated that should be there.
while X_out < N_stars:
mu_killed, nu_killed, mu_saved = 0,0,0
u,v,w = twg.generate_stream(batch, u_min, u_max, sigma)
holder = []
for i in range(len(u)):
mu1, nu1, r1 = coor.streamToGC(u[i],v[i],w[i],mu,R,theta,phi,wedge)
l,b,r1 = coor.GC2lbr(mu1, nu1, r1, wedge)
# Convolve
if convolve==1:
r1 = twg.star_convolution(r1)
# Test nu, kill if invalid
if (nu1 < nu_min) or (nu1 > nu_max):
nu_killed=nu_killed+1
#Y_out=Y_out+1 # COMMENT
#holder.append([round(l,6),round(b,6),round(r1,6), 1]) # COMMENT
continue
# Test mu, keep in Y if out of bounds
if (mu_max > 360.0):
if (mu1 > (mu_max-360.0)) and (mu1 < mu_min):
mu_killed=mu_killed+1
Y_out=Y_out+1
holder.append([round(l,6),round(b,6),round(r1,6), 1])
continue
else:
if (mu1 < mu_min) or (mu1 > mu_max):
mu_killed=mu_killed+1
Y_out=Y_out+1
holder.append([round(l,6),round(b,6),round(r1,6), 1])
continue
# Detection
if detection==1:
m_g = coor.getg(r1)
if np.random.uniform() > (twg.sigmoid_error(m_g)):
Y_out=Y_out+1
holder.append([round(l,6),round(b,6),round(r1,6), 1])
continue
# test g-limits
if (coor.getg(r1) < g_min) or (coor.getg(r1) > g_max):
Y_out=Y_out+1
holder.append([round(l,6),round(b,6),round(r1,6), 1])
continue
# When a point passes all the tests add it to the set
#co.stream2xyz(u[i],v[i],w[i],mu,R,theta,phi,wedge)
holder.append([round(l,6),round(b,6),round(r1,6), 0])
X_out = X_out + 1
if X_out > N_stars:
slice = -1*(X_out-N_stars)
holder = holder[:slice]
print "#---Sliced {0} stars to make quota".format(str(-1*slice))
X_out = X_out + slice #Slice is negative
#append X and Y to files
if len(holder) != 0:
if fi.append_data(sc.array(holder), fileout, delimiter=" ") == 1:
print "#---Stream Progress: {0} stars of stars generated out of {1} detected".format(Y_out+X_out, N_stars)
print "# !!! - out of mu: {0}, nu_killed: {1}".format(mu_killed, nu_killed)
print "#---Stream {0} generation succeeded, written as {1}".format(sn, fileout)
print " ### ----- Stream {0} Complete ----- ### \n"
return fileout