def __init__(self, filterbank, targetvar, *args, **kwds):
self.targetvar = targetvar
self.filterbank = filterbank
filterbank.buffer_init()
# Sanitize the clock - does it have the right dt value?
if 'clock' in kwds:
if int(1/kwds['clock'].dt)!=int(filterbank.samplerate):
raise ValueError('Clock should have 1/dt=samplerate')
kwds['clock'] = Clock(dt=float(kwds['clock'].dt)*second)
else:
kwds['clock'] = Clock(dt=1*second/float(filterbank.samplerate))
buffersize = kwds.pop('buffersize', 32)
if not isinstance(buffersize, int):
buffersize = int(buffersize*self.samplerate)
self.buffersize = buffersize
self.buffer_pointer = buffersize
self.buffer_start = -buffersize
NeuronGroup.__init__(self, filterbank.nchannels, *args, **kwds)
@network_operation(when=(self.clock, 'start'))
def apply_filterbank_output():
if self.buffer_pointer>=self.buffersize:
self.buffer_pointer = 0
self.buffer_start += self.buffersize
self.buffer = self.filterbank.buffer_fetch(self.buffer_start, self.buffer_start+self.buffersize)
setattr(self, targetvar, self.buffer[self.buffer_pointer, :])
self.buffer_pointer += 1
self.contained_objects.append(apply_filterbank_output)
def test_state_variable_access():
G = NeuronGroup(10, 'v:volt')
G.v = np.arange(10) * volt
assert_equal(np.asarray(G.v[:]), np.arange(10))
assert have_same_dimensions(G.v[:], volt)
assert_equal(np.asarray(G.v[:]), G.v_[:])
# Accessing single elements, slices and arrays
assert G.v[5] == 5 * volt
assert G.v_[5] == 5
assert_equal(G.v[:5], np.arange(5) * volt)
assert_equal(G.v_[:5], np.arange(5))
assert_equal(G.v[[0, 5]], [0, 5] * volt)
assert_equal(G.v_[[0, 5]], np.array([0, 5]))
# Illegal indexing
assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: G.v[0, 0])
assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: G.v_[0, 0])
assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: G.v[object()])
assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: G.v_[object()])
# Indexing with strings
assert G.v['i==2'] == G.v[2]
assert G.v_['i==2'] == G.v_[2]
assert_equal(G.v['v >= 3*volt'], G.v[3:])
assert_equal(G.v_['v >= 3*volt'], G.v_[3:])
# Should also check for units
assert_raises(DimensionMismatchError, lambda: G.v['v >= 3'])
assert_raises(DimensionMismatchError, lambda: G.v['v >= 3*second'])
def test_ipython_html():
G = NeuronGroup(10, '''dv/dt = -(v + Inp) / tau : volt
Inp = sin(2*pi*freq*t) : volt
freq : Hz''')
# Test that HTML representation in IPython does not raise errors
assert len(G._repr_html_())
def test_variableview_calculations():
# Check that you can directly calculate with "variable views"
G = NeuronGroup(10, '''x : 1
y : volt''')
G.x = np.arange(10)
G.y = np.arange(10)[::-1]*mV
assert_allclose(G.x * G.y, np.arange(10)*np.arange(10)[::-1]*mV)
assert_allclose(-G.x, -np.arange(10))
assert_allclose(-G.y, -np.arange(10)[::-1]*mV)
assert_allclose(3 * G.x, 3 * np.arange(10))
assert_allclose(3 * G.y, 3 *np.arange(10)[::-1]*mV)
assert_allclose(G.x * 3, 3 * np.arange(10))
assert_allclose(G.y * 3, 3 *np.arange(10)[::-1]*mV)
assert_allclose(G.x / 2.0, np.arange(10)/2.0)
assert_allclose(G.y / 2, np.arange(10)[::-1]*mV/2)
assert_allclose(G.x + 2, 2 + np.arange(10))
assert_allclose(G.y + 2*mV, 2*mV + np.arange(10)[::-1]*mV)
assert_allclose(2 + G.x, 2 + np.arange(10))
assert_allclose(2*mV + G.y, 2*mV + np.arange(10)[::-1]*mV)
assert_allclose(G.x - 2, np.arange(10) - 2)
assert_allclose(G.y - 2*mV, np.arange(10)[::-1]*mV - 2*mV)
assert_allclose(2 - G.x, 2 - np.arange(10))
assert_allclose(2*mV - G.y, 2*mV - np.arange(10)[::-1]*mV)
# incorrect units
assert_raises(DimensionMismatchError, lambda: G.x + G.y)
assert_raises(DimensionMismatchError, lambda: G.x[:] + G.y)
assert_raises(DimensionMismatchError, lambda: G.x + G.y[:])
assert_raises(DimensionMismatchError, lambda: G.x + 3*mV)
assert_raises(DimensionMismatchError, lambda: 3*mV + G.x)
assert_raises(DimensionMismatchError, lambda: G.y + 3)
assert_raises(DimensionMismatchError, lambda: 3 + G.y)
def test_creation():
'''
A basic test that creating a NeuronGroup works.
'''
for codeobj_class in codeobj_classes:
G = NeuronGroup(42,
model='dv/dt = -v/(10*ms) : 1',
reset='v=0',
threshold='v>1',
codeobj_class=codeobj_class)
assert len(G) == 42
# Test some error conditions
# --------------------------
# Model equations as first argument (no number of neurons)
assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: NeuronGroup('dv/dt = 5*Hz : 1', 1))
# Not a number as first argument
assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: NeuronGroup(object(), 'dv/dt = 5*Hz : 1'))
# Illegal number
assert_raises(ValueError, lambda: NeuronGroup(0, 'dv/dt = 5*Hz : 1'))
# neither string nor Equations object as model description
assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: NeuronGroup(1, object()))
def test_state_variable_access():
for codeobj_class in codeobj_classes:
G = NeuronGroup(10, 'v:volt', codeobj_class=codeobj_class)
G.v = np.arange(10) * volt
assert_equal(np.asarray(G.v[:]), np.arange(10))
assert have_same_dimensions(G.v[:], volt)
assert_equal(np.asarray(G.v[:]), G.v_[:])
# Accessing single elements, slices and arrays
assert G.v[5] == 5 * volt
assert G.v_[5] == 5
assert_equal(G.v[:5], np.arange(5) * volt)
assert_equal(G.v_[:5], np.arange(5))
assert_equal(G.v[[0, 5]], [0, 5] * volt)
assert_equal(G.v_[[0, 5]], np.array([0, 5]))
# Illegal indexing
assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: G.v[0, 0])
assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: G.v_[0, 0])
assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: G.v[object()])
assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: G.v_[object()])
# A string representation should not raise any error
assert len(str(G.v))
assert len(repr(G.v))
assert len(str(G.v_))
assert len(repr(G.v_))
def __init__(self, filterbank, targetvar, *args, **kwds):
self.targetvar = targetvar
self.filterbank = filterbank
self.buffer = None
filterbank.buffer_init()
# Sanitize the clock - does it have the right dt value?
if 'clock' in kwds:
if int(1/kwds['clock'].dt)!=int(filterbank.samplerate):
raise ValueError('Clock should have 1/dt=samplerate')
kwds['clock'] = Clock(dt=float(kwds['clock'].dt)*second)
else:
kwds['clock'] = Clock(dt=1*second/float(filterbank.samplerate))
buffersize = kwds.pop('buffersize', 32)
if not isinstance(buffersize, int):
buffersize = int(buffersize*self.samplerate)
self.buffersize = buffersize
self.buffer_pointer = buffersize
self.buffer_start = -buffersize
NeuronGroup.__init__(self, filterbank.nchannels, *args, **kwds)
@network_operation(clock=self.clock, when='start')
def apply_filterbank_output():
if self.buffer_pointer>=self.buffersize:
self.buffer_pointer = 0
self.buffer_start += self.buffersize
self.buffer = self.filterbank.buffer_fetch(self.buffer_start, self.buffer_start+self.buffersize)
setattr(self, targetvar, self.buffer[self.buffer_pointer, :])
self.buffer_pointer += 1
self.contained_objects.append(apply_filterbank_output)
def test_scalar_parameter_access():
for codeobj_class in codeobj_classes:
G = NeuronGroup(10, '''dv/dt = freq : 1
freq : Hz (shared)
number : 1 (shared)
array : 1''',
codeobj_class=codeobj_class)
# Try setting a scalar variable
G.freq = 100*Hz
assert_equal(G.freq[:], 100*Hz)
G.freq[:] = 200*Hz
assert_equal(G.freq[:], 200*Hz)
G.freq = 'freq - 50*Hz + number*Hz'
assert_equal(G.freq[:], 150*Hz)
G.freq[:] = '50*Hz'
assert_equal(G.freq[:], 50*Hz)
# Check the second method of accessing that works
assert_equal(np.asanyarray(G.freq), 50*Hz)
# Check error messages
assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: G.freq[0])
assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: G.freq[1])
assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: G.freq[0:1])
assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: G.freq['i>5'])
assert_raises(ValueError, lambda: G.freq.set_item(slice(None), [0, 1]*Hz))
assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: G.freq.set_item(0, 100*Hz))
assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: G.freq.set_item(1, 100*Hz))
assert_raises(IndexError, lambda: G.freq.set_item('i>5', 100*Hz))
def test_ipython_html():
G = NeuronGroup(10, '''dv/dt = -(v + Inp) / tau : volt
Inp = sin(2*pi*freq*t) : volt
freq : Hz''')
# Test that HTML representation in IPython does not raise errors
assert len(G._repr_html_())
def test_variableview_calculations():
# Check that you can directly calculate with "variable views"
G = NeuronGroup(10, '''x : 1
y : volt''')
G.x = np.arange(10)
G.y = np.arange(10)[::-1]*mV
assert_allclose(G.x * G.y, np.arange(10)*np.arange(10)[::-1]*mV)
assert_allclose(-G.x, -np.arange(10))
assert_allclose(-G.y, -np.arange(10)[::-1]*mV)
assert_allclose(3 * G.x, 3 * np.arange(10))
assert_allclose(3 * G.y, 3 *np.arange(10)[::-1]*mV)
assert_allclose(G.x * 3, 3 * np.arange(10))
assert_allclose(G.y * 3, 3 *np.arange(10)[::-1]*mV)
assert_allclose(G.x / 2.0, np.arange(10)/2.0)
assert_allclose(G.y / 2, np.arange(10)[::-1]*mV/2)
assert_allclose(G.x + 2, 2 + np.arange(10))
assert_allclose(G.y + 2*mV, 2*mV + np.arange(10)[::-1]*mV)
assert_allclose(2 + G.x, 2 + np.arange(10))
assert_allclose(2*mV + G.y, 2*mV + np.arange(10)[::-1]*mV)
assert_allclose(G.x - 2, np.arange(10) - 2)
assert_allclose(G.y - 2*mV, np.arange(10)[::-1]*mV - 2*mV)
assert_allclose(2 - G.x, 2 - np.arange(10))
assert_allclose(2*mV - G.y, 2*mV - np.arange(10)[::-1]*mV)
# incorrect units
assert_raises(DimensionMismatchError, lambda: G.x + G.y)
assert_raises(DimensionMismatchError, lambda: G.x[:] + G.y)
assert_raises(DimensionMismatchError, lambda: G.x + G.y[:])
assert_raises(DimensionMismatchError, lambda: G.x + 3*mV)
assert_raises(DimensionMismatchError, lambda: 3*mV + G.x)
assert_raises(DimensionMismatchError, lambda: G.y + 3)
assert_raises(DimensionMismatchError, lambda: 3 + G.y)
def test_subexpression():
G = NeuronGroup(10, '''dv/dt = freq : 1
freq : Hz
array : 1
expr = 2*freq + array*Hz : Hz''')
G.freq = '10*i*Hz'
G.array = 5
assert_equal(G.expr[:], 2*10*np.arange(10)*Hz + 5*Hz)
def test_subexpression():
G = NeuronGroup(10, '''dv/dt = freq : 1
freq : Hz
array : 1
expr = 2*freq + array*Hz : Hz''')
G.freq = '10*i*Hz'
G.array = 5
assert_equal(G.expr[:], 2*10*np.arange(10)*Hz + 5*Hz)
def test_linked_synapses():
'''
Test linking to a synaptic variable (should raise an error).
'''
G = NeuronGroup(10, '')
S = Synapses(G, G, 'w:1', connect=True)
G2 = NeuronGroup(100, 'x : 1 (linked)')
assert_raises(NotImplementedError, lambda: setattr(G2, 'x', linked_var(S, 'w')))
def test_indices():
G = NeuronGroup(10, 'v : 1')
G.v = 'i'
ext_var = 5
assert_equal(G.indices[:], G.i[:])
assert_equal(G.indices[5:], G.indices['i >= 5'])
assert_equal(G.indices[5:], G.indices['i >= ext_var'])
assert_equal(G.indices['v >= 5'], np.nonzero(G.v >= 5)[0])
def test_variables():
'''
Test the correct creation of the variables dictionary.
'''
G = NeuronGroup(1, 'dv/dt = -v/(10*ms) : 1')
assert 'v' in G.variables and 't' in G.variables and 'dt' in G.variables
G = NeuronGroup(1, 'dv/dt = -v/tau + xi*tau**-0.5: 1')
assert not 'tau' in G.variables and 'xi' in G.variables
def test_unit_errors():
'''
Test that units are checked for a complete namespace.
'''
# Unit error in model equations
assert_raises(DimensionMismatchError,
lambda: NeuronGroup(1, 'dv/dt = -v : 1'))
assert_raises(DimensionMismatchError,
lambda: NeuronGroup(1, 'dv/dt = -v/(10*ms) + 2*mV: 1'))
def test_linked_variable_repeat():
'''
Test a "repeat"-like connection between two groups of different size
'''
G1 = NeuronGroup(5, 'w : 1')
G2 = NeuronGroup(10, 'v : 1 (linked)')
G2.v = linked_var(G1.w, index=np.arange(5).repeat(2))
G1.w = np.arange(5) * 0.1
assert_equal(G2.v[:], np.arange(5).repeat(2) * 0.1)
def test_threshold_reset():
'''
Test that threshold and reset work in the expected way.
'''
# Membrane potential does not change by itself
G = NeuronGroup(3, 'dv/dt = 0 / second : 1',
threshold='v > 1', reset='v=0.5')
G.v = np.array([0, 1, 2])
run(defaultclock.dt)
assert_equal(G.v[:], np.array([0, 1, 0.5]))
def test_threshold_reset():
'''
Test that threshold and reset work in the expected way.
'''
# Membrane potential does not change by itself
G = NeuronGroup(3, 'dv/dt = 0 / second : 1',
threshold='v > 1', reset='v=0.5')
G.v = np.array([0, 1, 2])
run(defaultclock.dt)
assert_equal(G.v[:], np.array([0, 1, 0.5]))
def test_linked_subgroup2():
'''
Test linking a variable from a subgroup with indexing
'''
G1 = NeuronGroup(10, 'x : 1')
G1.x = np.arange(10) * 0.1
G2 = G1[3:8]
G3 = NeuronGroup(10, 'y:1 (linked)')
G3.y = linked_var(G2.x, index=np.arange(5).repeat(2))
assert_equal(G3.y[:], (np.arange(5)+3).repeat(2)*0.1)
def test_linked_var_in_reset_size_1():
G1 = NeuronGroup(1, 'x:1')
G2 = NeuronGroup(1, '''x_linked : 1 (linked)
y:1''',
threshold='y>1', reset='y=0; x_linked += 1')
G2.x_linked = linked_var(G1, 'x')
G2.y = 1.1
# In this context, x_linked should not be considered as a scalar variable
# and therefore the reset statement should be allowed
run(3*defaultclock.dt)
assert_equal(G1.x[:], 1)
def test_linked_variable_indexed():
'''
Test linking a variable with an index specified as an array
'''
G = NeuronGroup(10, '''x : 1
y : 1 (linked)''')
G.x = np.arange(10)*0.1
G.y = linked_var(G.x, index=np.arange(10)[::-1])
# G.y should refer to an inverted version of G.x
assert_equal(G.y[:], np.arange(10)[::-1]*0.1)
def test_group_variable_set_conditional_copy_to_host():
G = NeuronGroup(1, 'v : 1')
# uses group_variable_set_conditional template
G.v['i < 1'] = '50'
# connect template runs on host, requiring G.v on host after the group_variable_set
# template call above (this tests that data is copied from device to host)
S = Synapses(G, G)
S.connect(condition='v_pre == 50')
run(0 * second)
assert len(S) == 1, len(S)
def test_linked_subgroup():
'''
Test linking a variable from a subgroup
'''
G1 = NeuronGroup(10, 'x : 1')
G1.x = np.arange(10) * 0.1
G2 = G1[3:8]
G3 = NeuronGroup(5, 'y:1 (linked)')
G3.y = linked_var(G2.x)
assert_equal(G3.y[:], (np.arange(5)+3)*0.1)
def test_custom_events():
G = NeuronGroup(2, '''event_time1 : second
event_time2 : second''',
events={'event1': 't>=i*ms and t<i*ms+dt',
'event2': 't>=(i+1)*ms and t<(i+1)*ms+dt'})
G.run_on_event('event1', 'event_time1 = t')
G.run_on_event('event2', 'event_time2 = t')
net = Network(G)
net.run(2.1*ms)
assert_allclose(G.event_time1[:], [0, 1]*ms)
assert_allclose(G.event_time2[:], [1, 2]*ms)
def test_custom_events():
G = NeuronGroup(2, '''event_time1 : second
event_time2 : second''',
events={'event1': 't>=i*ms and t<i*ms+dt',
'event2': 't>=(i+1)*ms and t<(i+1)*ms+dt'})
G.run_on_event('event1', 'event_time1 = t')
G.run_on_event('event2', 'event_time2 = t')
net = Network(G)
net.run(2.1*ms)
assert_allclose(G.event_time1[:], [0, 1]*ms)
assert_allclose(G.event_time2[:], [1, 2]*ms)
def test_linked_var_in_reset_size_1():
G1 = NeuronGroup(1, 'x:1')
G2 = NeuronGroup(1, '''x_linked : 1 (linked)
y:1''',
threshold='y>1', reset='y=0; x_linked += 1')
G2.x_linked = linked_var(G1, 'x')
G2.y = 1.1
# In this context, x_linked should not be considered as a scalar variable
# and therefore the reset statement should be allowed
run(3*defaultclock.dt)
assert_equal(G1.x[:], 1)
def test_random_vector_values():
# Make sure that the new "loop-invariant optimisation" does not pull out
# the random number generation and therefore makes all neurons receiving
# the same values
tau = 10*ms
G = NeuronGroup(100, 'dv/dt = -v / tau + xi*tau**-0.5: 1')
G.v[:] = 'rand()'
assert np.var(G.v[:]) > 0
G.v[:] = 0
net = Network(G)
net.run(defaultclock.dt)
assert np.var(G.v[:]) > 0
def test_random_vector_values():
# Make sure that the new "loop-invariant optimisation" does not pull out
# the random number generation and therefore makes all neurons receiving
# the same values
tau = 10*ms
G = NeuronGroup(100, 'dv/dt = -v / tau + xi*tau**-0.5: 1')
G.v[:] = 'rand()'
assert np.var(G.v[:]) > 0
G.v[:] = 0
net = Network(G)
net.run(defaultclock.dt)
assert np.var(G.v[:]) > 0
def test_referred_scalar_variable():
'''
Test the correct handling of referred scalar variables in subexpressions
'''
G = NeuronGroup(10, '''out = sin(2*pi*t*freq) + x: 1
x : 1
freq : Hz (shared)''')
G.freq = 1*Hz
G.x = np.arange(10)
G2 = NeuronGroup(10, '')
G2.variables.add_reference('out', G)
run(.25*second)
assert_allclose(G2.out[:], np.arange(10)+1)
def test_linked_var_in_reset_incorrect():
# Raise an error if a scalar variable (linked variable from a group of size
# 1 is set in a reset statement of a group with size > 1)
G1 = NeuronGroup(1, 'x:1')
G2 = NeuronGroup(2, '''x_linked : 1 (linked)
y:1''',
threshold='y>1', reset='y=0; x_linked += 1')
G2.x_linked = linked_var(G1, 'x')
G2.y = 1.1
net = Network(G1, G2)
# It is not well-defined what x_linked +=1 means in this context
# (as for any other shared variable)
assert_raises(SyntaxError, lambda: net.run(0*ms))
def test_linked_var_in_reset_incorrect():
# Raise an error if a scalar variable (linked variable from a group of size
# 1 is set in a reset statement of a group with size > 1)
G1 = NeuronGroup(1, 'x:1')
G2 = NeuronGroup(2, '''x_linked : 1 (linked)
y:1''',
threshold='y>1', reset='y=0; x_linked += 1')
G2.x_linked = linked_var(G1, 'x')
G2.y = 1.1
net = Network(G1, G2)
# It is not well-defined what x_linked +=1 means in this context
# (as for any other shared variable)
assert_raises(SyntaxError, lambda: net.run(0*ms))
def test_referred_scalar_variable():
'''
Test the correct handling of referred scalar variables in subexpressions
'''
G = NeuronGroup(10, '''out = sin(2*pi*t*freq) + x: 1
x : 1
freq : Hz (shared)''')
G.freq = 1*Hz
G.x = np.arange(10)
G2 = NeuronGroup(10, '')
G2.variables.add_reference('out', G)
run(.25*second)
assert_allclose(G2.out[:], np.arange(10)+1)
def test_aliasing_in_statements():
'''
Test an issue around variables aliasing other variables (#259)
'''
runner_code = '''x_1 = x_0
x_0 = -1'''
g = NeuronGroup(1, model='''x_0 : 1
x_1 : 1 ''', codeobj_class=NumpyCodeObject)
custom_code_obj = g.custom_operation(runner_code)
net = Network(g, custom_code_obj)
net.run(defaultclock.dt)
assert_equal(g.x_0_[:], np.array([-1]))
assert_equal(g.x_1_[:], np.array([0]))
def test_linked_variable_scalar():
'''
Test linked variable from a size 1 group.
'''
G1 = NeuronGroup(1, 'dx/dt = -x / (10*ms) : 1')
G2 = NeuronGroup(10, '''dy/dt = (-y + x) / (20*ms) : 1
x : 1 (linked)''')
G1.x = 1
G2.y = np.linspace(0, 1, 10)
G2.x = linked_var(G1.x)
mon = StateMonitor(G2, 'y', record=True)
net = Network(G1, G2, mon)
net.run(10*ms)
def test_variables():
'''
Test the correct creation of the variables dictionary.
'''
G = NeuronGroup(1, 'dv/dt = -v/(10*ms) : 1')
assert 'v' in G.variables and 't' in G.variables and 'dt' in G.variables
assert 'not_refractory' not in G.variables and 'lastspike' not in G.variables
G = NeuronGroup(1, 'dv/dt = -v/tau + xi*tau**-0.5: 1')
assert not 'tau' in G.variables and 'xi' in G.variables
# NeuronGroup with refractoriness
G = NeuronGroup(1, 'dv/dt = -v/(10*ms) : 1', refractory=5*ms)
assert 'not_refractory' in G.variables and 'lastspike' in G.variables
def test_linked_variable_correct():
'''
Test correct uses of linked variables.
'''
tau = 10*ms
G1 = NeuronGroup(10, 'dv/dt = -v / tau : volt')
G1.v = np.linspace(0*mV, 20*mV, 10)
G2 = NeuronGroup(10, 'v : volt (linked)')
G2.v = linked_var(G1.v)
mon1 = StateMonitor(G1, 'v', record=True)
mon2 = StateMonitor(G2, 'v', record=True)
net = Network(G1, G2, mon1, mon2)
net.run(10*ms)
assert_equal(mon1.v[:, :], mon2.v[:, :])
def test_get_states():
G = NeuronGroup(10, '''v : volt
x : 1
subexpr = x + v/volt : 1
subexpr2 = x*volt + v : volt''')
G.v = 'i*volt'
G.x = '10*i'
states_units = G.get_states(['v', 'x', 'subexpr', 'subexpr2'], units=True)
states = G.get_states(['v', 'x', 'subexpr', 'subexpr2'], units=False)
assert len(states_units.keys()) == len(states.keys()) == 4
assert_equal(states_units['v'], np.arange(10)*volt)
assert_equal(states_units['x'], 10*np.arange(10))
assert_equal(states_units['subexpr'], 11*np.arange(10))
assert_equal(states_units['subexpr2'], 11*np.arange(10)*volt)
assert_equal(states['v'], np.arange(10))
assert_equal(states['x'], 10*np.arange(10))
assert_equal(states['subexpr'], 11*np.arange(10))
assert_equal(states['subexpr2'], 11*np.arange(10))
all_states = G.get_states(units=True)
assert set(all_states.keys()) == {'v', 'x', 'N', 't', 'dt', 'i'}
all_states = G.get_states(units=True, subexpressions=True)
assert set(all_states.keys()) == {'v', 'x', 'N', 't', 'dt', 'i',
'subexpr', 'subexpr2'}
def test_incorrect_custom_event_definition():
# Incorrect event name
assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: NeuronGroup(1, '', events={'1event': 'True'}))
# duplicate definition of 'spike' event
assert_raises(ValueError, lambda: NeuronGroup(1, '', threshold='True',
events={'spike': 'False'}))
# not a threshold
G = NeuronGroup(1, '', events={'my_event': 10*mV})
assert_raises(TypeError, lambda: Network(G).run(0*ms))
# schedule for a non-existing event
G = NeuronGroup(1, '', threshold='False', events={'my_event': 'True'})
assert_raises(ValueError, lambda: G.set_event_schedule('another_event'))
# code for a non-existing event
assert_raises(ValueError, lambda: G.run_on_event('another_event', ''))
def test_unknown_state_variables():
# Test how setting attribute names that do not correspond to a state
# variable are handled
G = NeuronGroup(10, 'v : 1')
assert_raises(AttributeError, lambda: setattr(G, 'unknown', 42))
# Creating a new private attribute should be fine
G._unknown = 42
assert G._unknown == 42
# Explicitly create the attribute
G.add_attribute('unknown')
G.unknown = 42
assert G.unknown == 42
def test_incomplete_namespace():
'''
Test that the namespace does not have to be complete at creation time.
'''
# This uses tau which is not defined yet (explicit namespace)
G = NeuronGroup(1, 'dv/dt = -v/tau : 1', namespace={})
G.namespace['tau'] = 10*ms
net = Network(G)
net.run(0*ms)
# This uses tau which is not defined yet (implicit namespace)
G = NeuronGroup(1, 'dv/dt = -v/tau : 1')
tau = 10*ms
net = Network(G)
net.run(0*ms)
def test_incomplete_namespace():
'''
Test that the namespace does not have to be complete at creation time.
'''
# This uses tau which is not defined yet (explicit namespace)
G = NeuronGroup(1, 'dv/dt = -v/tau : 1', namespace={})
G.namespace['tau'] = 10*ms
net = Network(G)
net.run(0*ms)
# This uses tau which is not defined yet (implicit namespace)
G = NeuronGroup(1, 'dv/dt = -v/tau : 1')
tau = 10*ms
net = Network(G)
net.run(0*ms)
def test_linked_double_linked3():
'''
Linked to a linked variable, first with indices, second without indices
'''
G1 = NeuronGroup(5, 'x : 1')
G2 = NeuronGroup(10, 'y : 1 (linked)')
G2.y = linked_var(G1.x, index=np.arange(5).repeat(2))
G3 = NeuronGroup(10, 'z: 1 (linked)')
G3.z = linked_var(G2.y)
G1.x = np.arange(5)*0.1
assert_equal(G3.z[:], np.arange(5).repeat(2)*0.1)
def test_linked_double_linked4():
'''
Linked to a linked variable, both use indices
'''
G1 = NeuronGroup(5, 'x : 1')
G2 = NeuronGroup(10, 'y : 1 (linked)')
G2.y = linked_var(G1.x, index=np.arange(5).repeat(2))
G3 = NeuronGroup(10, 'z: 1 (linked)')
G3.z = linked_var(G2.y, index=np.arange(10)[::-1])
G1.x = np.arange(5)*0.1
assert_equal(G3.z[:], np.arange(5).repeat(2)[::-1]*0.1)
def test_linked_double_linked1():
'''
Linked to a linked variable, without indices
'''
G1 = NeuronGroup(10, 'x : 1')
G2 = NeuronGroup(10, 'y : 1 (linked)')
G2.y = linked_var(G1.x)
G3 = NeuronGroup(10, 'z: 1 (linked)')
G3.z = linked_var(G2.y)
G1.x = np.arange(10)
assert_equal(G3.z[:], np.arange(10))
def test_aliasing_in_statements():
'''
Test an issue around variables aliasing other variables (#259)
'''
if prefs.codegen.target != 'numpy':
raise SkipTest('numpy-only test')
runner_code = '''x_1 = x_0
x_0 = -1'''
g = NeuronGroup(1, model='''x_0 : 1
x_1 : 1 ''')
g.run_regularly(runner_code)
net = Network(g)
net.run(defaultclock.dt)
assert_equal(g.x_0_[:], np.array([-1]))
assert_equal(g.x_1_[:], np.array([0]))
def test_namespace_errors():
# model equations use unknown identifier
G = NeuronGroup(1, 'dv/dt = -v/tau : 1')
net = Network(G)
assert_raises(KeyError, lambda: net.run(1*ms))
# reset uses unknown identifier
G = NeuronGroup(1, 'dv/dt = -v/tau : 1', threshold='False', reset='v = v_r')
net = Network(G)
assert_raises(KeyError, lambda: net.run(1*ms))
# threshold uses unknown identifier
G = NeuronGroup(1, 'dv/dt = -v/tau : 1', threshold='v > v_th')
net = Network(G)
assert_raises(KeyError, lambda: net.run(1*ms))
def test_aliasing_in_statements():
'''
Test an issue around variables aliasing other variables (#259)
'''
if prefs.codegen.target != 'numpy':
raise SkipTest('numpy-only test')
runner_code = '''x_1 = x_0
x_0 = -1'''
g = NeuronGroup(1, model='''x_0 : 1
x_1 : 1 ''')
g.run_regularly(runner_code)
net = Network(g)
net.run(defaultclock.dt)
assert_equal(g.x_0_[:], np.array([-1]))
assert_equal(g.x_1_[:], np.array([0]))
def test_get_set_random_generator_state():
group = NeuronGroup(10,
'dv/dt = -v/(10*ms) + (10*ms)**-0.5*xi : 1',
method='euler')
group.v = 'rand()'
run(10 * ms)
assert np.var(group.v) > 0 # very basic test for randomness ;)
old_v = np.array(group.v)
random_state = get_device().get_random_state()
group.v = 'rand()'
run(10 * ms)
assert np.var(group.v - old_v) > 0 # just checking for *some* difference
old_v = np.array(group.v)
get_device().set_random_state(random_state)
group.v = 'rand()'
run(10 * ms)
assert_equal(group.v, old_v)
def test_linked_subexpression_2():
'''
Test a linked variable referring to a subexpression without indices
'''
G = NeuronGroup(2, '''dv/dt = 100*Hz : 1
I = clip(v, 0, inf) : 1''',
threshold='v>1', reset='v=0')
G.v = [0, .5]
G2 = NeuronGroup(2, '''I_l : 1 (linked) ''')
G2.I_l = linked_var(G.I)
mon1 = StateMonitor(G, 'I', record=True)
mon = StateMonitor(G2, 'I_l', record=True)
run(5*ms)
assert all(mon[0].I_l == mon1[0].I)
assert all(mon[1].I_l == mon1[1].I)
def test_stochastic_variable():
'''
Test that a NeuronGroup with a stochastic variable can be simulated. Only
makes sure no error occurs.
'''
tau = 10 * ms
G = NeuronGroup(1, 'dv/dt = -v/tau + xi*tau**-0.5: 1')
run(defaultclock.dt)
def test_scalar_subexpression():
G = NeuronGroup(10, '''dv/dt = freq : 1
freq : Hz (shared)
number : 1 (shared)
array : 1
sub = freq + number*Hz : Hz (shared)''')
G.freq = 100*Hz
G.number = 50
assert G.sub[:] == 150*Hz
assert_raises(SyntaxError, lambda: NeuronGroup(10, '''dv/dt = freq : 1
freq : Hz (shared)
array : 1
sub = freq + array*Hz : Hz (shared)'''))
# A scalar subexpresion cannot refer to implicitly vectorized functions
assert_raises(SyntaxError, lambda: NeuronGroup(10, 'sub = rand() : 1 (shared)'))
def test_subexpression_with_constant():
g = 2
G = NeuronGroup(1, '''x : 1
I = x*g : 1''')
G.x = 1
assert_equal(G.I[:], np.array([2]))
# Subexpressions that refer to external variables are tricky, see github
# issue #313 for details
# Comparisons
assert G.I == 2
assert G.I >= 1
assert G.I > 1
assert G.I < 3
assert G.I <= 3
assert G.I != 3
# arithmetic operations
assert G.I + 1 == 3
assert 1 + G.I == 3
assert G.I * 1 == 2
assert 1 * G.I == 2
assert G.I - 1 == 1
assert 3 - G.I == 1
assert G.I / 1 == 2
assert G.I // 1 == 2.0
assert 1.0 / G.I == 0.5
assert 1 // G.I == 0
assert +G.I == 2
assert -G.I == -2
# other operations
assert len(G.I) == 1
# These will not work
assert_raises(ValueError, lambda: np.array(G.I))
assert_raises(ValueError, lambda: np.mean(G.I))
# But these should
assert_equal(np.array(G.I[:]), G.I[:])
assert np.mean(G.I[:]) == 2
# This will work but display a text, advising to use G.I[:] instead of
# G.I
assert(len(str(G.I)))
assert(len(repr(G.I)))
def test_get_states():
G = NeuronGroup(10, '''v : volt
x : 1
subexpr = x + v/volt : 1
subexpr2 = x*volt + v : volt''')
G.v = 'i*volt'
G.x = '10*i'
states_units = G.get_states(['v', 'x', 'subexpr', 'subexpr2'], units=True)
states = G.get_states(['v', 'x', 'subexpr', 'subexpr2'], units=False)
assert len(states_units.keys()) == len(states.keys()) == 4
assert_equal(states_units['v'], np.arange(10)*volt)
assert_equal(states_units['x'], 10*np.arange(10))
assert_equal(states_units['subexpr'], 11*np.arange(10))
assert_equal(states_units['subexpr2'], 11*np.arange(10)*volt)
assert_equal(states['v'], np.arange(10))
assert_equal(states['x'], 10*np.arange(10))
assert_equal(states['subexpr'], 11*np.arange(10))
assert_equal(states['subexpr2'], 11*np.arange(10))
all_states = G.get_states(units=True)
assert set(all_states.keys()) == {'v', 'x', 'N', 't', 'dt', 'i'}
all_states = G.get_states(units=True, subexpressions=True)
assert set(all_states.keys()) == {'v', 'x', 'N', 't', 'dt', 'i',
'subexpr', 'subexpr2'}
def test_integer_variables_and_mod():
'''
Test that integer operations and variable definitions work.
'''
n = 10
eqs = '''
dv/dt = (a+b+j+k)/second : 1
j = i%n : integer
k = i/n : integer
a = v%(i+1) : 1
b = v%(2*v) : 1
'''
G = NeuronGroup(100, eqs)
G.v = np.random.rand(len(G))
run(1*ms)
assert_equal(G.j[:], G.i[:]%n)
assert_equal(G.k[:], G.i[:]/n)
assert_equal(G.a[:], G.v[:]%(G.i[:]+1))
def test_namespace_warnings():
G = NeuronGroup(1, '''x : 1
y : 1''')
# conflicting variable in namespace
y = 5
with catch_logs() as l:
G.x = 'y'
assert len(l) == 1
assert l[0][1].endswith('.resolution_conflict')
# conflicting variables with special meaning
i = 5
N = 3
with catch_logs() as l:
G.x = 'i / N'
assert len(l) == 2
assert l[0][1].endswith('.resolution_conflict')
assert l[1][1].endswith('.resolution_conflict')
