def pyramids(self) -> Iterable[MeshTransformer]:
""" Yields all pyramids of the sierpinsky pyramid as individual :class:`MeshTransformer` objects.
"""
faces = self.faces()
for vertices in self:
mesh = MeshTransformer()
mesh.add_mesh(vertices=vertices, faces=faces)
yield mesh
def cube(center: bool = True) -> MeshTransformer:
"""
Create a `cube <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cube>`_ as :class:`~ezdxf.render.MeshTransformer` object.
Args:
center: 'mass' center of cube, ``(0, 0, 0)`` if ``True``, else first corner at ``(0, 0, 0)``
Returns: :class:`~ezdxf.render.MeshTransformer`
"""
mesh = MeshTransformer()
vectices = _cube0_vertices if center else _cube_vertices
mesh.add_mesh(vertices=vectices, faces=cube_faces)
return mesh
def mesh(self) -> MeshTransformer:
"""Returns geometry as one :class:`MeshTransformer` object."""
faces = self.faces()
mesh = MeshVertexMerger()
for vertices in self:
mesh.add_mesh(vertices=vertices, faces=faces) # type: ignore
return MeshTransformer.from_builder(mesh)
def cone(count: int = 16, radius: float = 1.0, apex: 'Vertex' = (0, 0, 1), caps=True, ngons=True) -> MeshTransformer:
"""
Create a `cone <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cone>`_ as :class:`~ezdxf.render.MeshTransformer` object, the base
center is fixed in the origin (0, 0, 0).
Args:
count: edge count of basis_vector
radius: radius of basis_vector
apex: tip of the cone
caps: add a bottom face if ``True``
ngons: use ngons for caps if ``True`` else subdivide caps into triangles
Returns: :class:`~ezdxf.render.MeshTransformer`
"""
mesh = MeshVertexMerger()
base_circle = list(circle(count, radius, close=True))
for p1, p2 in zip(base_circle, base_circle[1:]):
mesh.add_face([p1, p2, apex])
if caps:
base_circle = reversed(base_circle) # for correct outside pointing normals
if ngons:
mesh.add_face(base_circle)
else:
for face in ngon_to_triangles(base_circle):
mesh.add_face(face)
return MeshTransformer.from_builder(mesh)
def from_profiles_linear(profiles: Iterable[Iterable['Vertex']],
close: bool = True,
caps: bool = False) -> MeshTransformer:
"""
Create MESH entity by linear connected `profiles`.
Args:
profiles: list of profiles
close: close profile polygon if ``True``
caps: close hull with bottom cap and top cap (as N-gons)
Returns: :class:`~ezdxf.render.MeshTransformer`
"""
mesh = MeshVertexMerger()
profiles = list(profiles) # generator -> list
if close:
profiles = [close_polygon(p) for p in profiles]
if caps:
mesh.add_face(profiles[0])
mesh.add_face(profiles[-1])
for profile1, profile2 in zip(profiles, profiles[1:]):
prev_v1, prev_v2 = None, None
for v1, v2 in zip(profile1, profile2):
if prev_v1 is not None:
mesh.add_face([prev_v1, v1, v2, prev_v2])
prev_v1 = v1
prev_v2 = v2
return MeshTransformer.from_builder(mesh)
def cubes(self) -> Iterable[MeshTransformer]:
""" Yields all cubes of the menger sponge as individual :class:`MeshTransformer` objects.
"""
faces = self.faces()
for vertices in self:
mesh = MeshVertexMerger()
mesh.add_mesh(vertices=vertices, faces=faces)
yield MeshTransformer.from_builder(mesh)
def test_render_polyface(cube_polyface, msp):
t = MeshTransformer.from_polyface(cube_polyface)
assert len(t.vertices) == 24 # unoptimized mesh builder
assert len(t.faces) == 6
t.render_polyface(msp)
new_polyface = msp[-1]
assert new_polyface.dxftype() == "POLYLINE"
assert new_polyface.is_poly_face_mesh is True
assert len(new_polyface.vertices) == 8 + 6
assert new_polyface.vertices[0] is not cube_polyface.vertices[0]
def cone_2p(
count: int = 16,
radius: float = 1.0,
base_center=(0, 0, 0),
apex=(0, 0, 1)) -> MeshTransformer:
"""
Create a `cone <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cone>`_ as :class:`~ezdxf.render.MeshTransformer` object from
two points, `base_center` is the center of the base circle and `apex` as the tip of the cone.
Args:
count: edge count of basis
radius: radius of basis
base_center: center point of base circle
apex: tip of the cone
Returns: :class:`~ezdxf.render.MeshTransformer`
.. versionadded:: 0.11
"""
# Copyright (c) 2011 Evan Wallace (http://madebyevan.com/), under the MIT license.
# Python port Copyright (c) 2012 Tim Knip (http://www.floorplanner.com), under the MIT license.
# Additions by Alex Pletzer (Pennsylvania State University)
# Adaptation for ezdxf, Copyright (c) 2020, Manfred Moitzi, MIT License.
start = Vector(base_center)
end = Vector(apex)
slices = int(count)
ray = end - start
z_axis = ray.normalize()
is_y = (fabs(z_axis.y) > 0.5)
x_axis = Vector(float(is_y), float(not is_y), 0).cross(z_axis).normalize()
y_axis = x_axis.cross(z_axis).normalize()
mesh = MeshVertexMerger()
def vertex(angle) -> Vector:
# radial direction pointing out
out = x_axis * cos(angle) + y_axis * sin(angle)
return start + out * radius
dt = pi * 2.0 / slices
for i in range(0, slices):
t0 = i * dt
i1 = (i + 1) % slices
t1 = i1 * dt
# coordinates and associated normal pointing outwards of the cone's
# side
p0 = vertex(t0)
p1 = vertex(t1)
# polygon on the low side (disk sector)
mesh.add_face([start, p0, p1])
# polygon extending from the low side to the tip
mesh.add_face([p0, end, p1])
return MeshTransformer.from_builder(mesh)
def cylinder_2p(
count: int = 16,
radius: float = 1,
base_center=(0, 0, 0),
top_center=(0, 0, 1),
) -> MeshTransformer:
"""
Create a `cylinder <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder>`_ as :class:`~ezdxf.render.MeshTransformer` object from
two points, `base_center` is the center of the base circle and, `top_center` the center of the top circle.
Args:
count: profiles edge count
radius: radius for bottom profile
base_center: center of base circle
top_center: center of top circle
Returns: :class:`~ezdxf.render.MeshTransformer`
.. versionadded:: 0.11
"""
# Copyright (c) 2011 Evan Wallace (http://madebyevan.com/), under the MIT license.
# Python port Copyright (c) 2012 Tim Knip (http://www.floorplanner.com), under the MIT license.
# Additions by Alex Pletzer (Pennsylvania State University)
# Adaptation for ezdxf, Copyright (c) 2020, Manfred Moitzi, MIT License.
start = Vector(base_center)
end = Vector(top_center)
radius = float(radius)
slices = int(count)
ray = end - start
z_axis = ray.normalize()
is_y = (fabs(z_axis.y) > 0.5)
x_axis = Vector(float(is_y), float(not is_y), 0).cross(z_axis).normalize()
y_axis = x_axis.cross(z_axis).normalize()
mesh = MeshVertexMerger()
def vertex(stack, angle):
out = (x_axis * cos(angle)) + (y_axis * sin(angle))
return start + (ray * stack) + (out * radius)
dt = pi * 2 / float(slices)
for i in range(0, slices):
t0 = i * dt
i1 = (i + 1) % slices
t1 = i1 * dt
mesh.add_face([start, vertex(0, t0), vertex(0, t1)])
mesh.add_face(
[vertex(0, t1),
vertex(0, t0),
vertex(1, t0),
vertex(1, t1)])
mesh.add_face([end, vertex(1, t1), vertex(1, t0)])
return MeshTransformer.from_builder(mesh)
def test_render_polyface(cube_polyface):
doc = ezdxf.new()
msp = doc.modelspace()
t = MeshTransformer.from_polyface(cube_polyface)
assert len(t.vertices) == 24 # unoptimized mesh builder
assert len(t.faces) == 6
t.render_polyface(msp)
new_polyface = msp[-1]
assert new_polyface.dxftype() == 'POLYLINE'
assert new_polyface.is_poly_face_mesh is True
assert len(new_polyface.vertices) == 8 + 6
assert new_polyface.vertices[0] is not cube_polyface.vertices[0]
def extrude(
profile: Iterable["Vertex"], path: Iterable["Vertex"], close=True
) -> MeshTransformer:
"""Extrude a `profile` polygon along a `path` polyline, vertices of profile
should be in counter clockwise order.
Args:
profile: sweeping profile as list of (x, y, z) tuples in counter
clockwise order
path: extrusion path as list of (x, y, z) tuples
close: close profile polygon if ``True``
Returns: :class:`~ezdxf.render.MeshTransformer`
"""
def add_hull(bottom_profile, top_profile):
prev_bottom = bottom_profile[0]
prev_top = top_profile[0]
for bottom, top in zip(bottom_profile[1:], top_profile[1:]):
face = (
prev_bottom,
bottom,
top,
prev_top,
) # counter clock wise: normals outwards
mesh.faces.append(face)
prev_bottom = bottom
prev_top = top
mesh = MeshVertexMerger()
profile = Vec3.list(profile)
if close:
profile = close_polygon(profile)
path = Vec3.list(path)
start_point = path[0] # type: ignore
bottom_indices = mesh.add_vertices(profile) # base profile
for target_point in path[1:]: # type: ignore
translation_vector = target_point - start_point
# profile will just be translated
profile = [vec + translation_vector for vec in profile]
top_indices = mesh.add_vertices(profile)
add_hull(bottom_indices, top_indices)
bottom_indices = top_indices
start_point = target_point
return MeshTransformer.from_builder(mesh)
def from_profiles_linear(profiles: Iterable[Iterable['Vertex']],
close=True,
caps=False,
ngons=True) -> MeshTransformer:
"""
Create MESH entity by linear connected `profiles`.
Args:
profiles: list of profiles
close: close profile polygon if ``True``
caps: close hull with bottom cap and top cap
ngons: use ngons for caps if ``True`` else subdivide caps into triangles
Returns: :class:`~ezdxf.render.MeshTransformer`
"""
mesh = MeshVertexMerger()
profiles = list(profiles)
if close:
profiles = [close_polygon(p) for p in profiles]
if caps:
base = reversed(profiles[0]) # for correct outside pointing normals
top = profiles[-1]
if ngons:
mesh.add_face(base)
mesh.add_face(top)
else:
for face in ngon_to_triangles(base):
mesh.add_face(face)
for face in ngon_to_triangles(top):
mesh.add_face(face)
for profile1, profile2 in zip(profiles, profiles[1:]):
prev_v1, prev_v2 = None, None
for v1, v2 in zip(profile1, profile2):
if prev_v1 is not None:
mesh.add_face([prev_v1, v1, v2, prev_v2])
prev_v1 = v1
prev_v2 = v2
return MeshTransformer.from_builder(mesh)
def cone(count: int = 16,
radius: float = 1.0,
apex: 'Vertex' = (0, 0, 1),
caps: bool = True) -> MeshTransformer:
"""
Create a `cone <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cone>`_ as :class:`~ezdxf.render.MeshTransformer` object, the base
center is fixed in the origin (0, 0, 0).
Args:
count: edge count of basis
radius: radius of basis
apex: tip of the cone
caps: add a bottom face if ``True``
Returns: :class:`~ezdxf.render.MeshTransformer`
"""
mesh = MeshVertexMerger()
base_circle = list(circle(count, radius, close=True))
for p1, p2 in zip(base_circle, base_circle[1:]):
mesh.add_face([p1, p2, apex])
if caps:
mesh.add_face(base_circle)
return MeshTransformer.from_builder(mesh)
def sphere(count: int = 16, stacks: int = 8, radius: float = 1, quads=True) -> MeshTransformer:
"""
Create a `sphere <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphere>`_ as :class:`~ezdxf.render.MeshTransformer` object,
center is fixed at origin (0, 0, 0).
Args:
count: longitudinal slices
stacks: latitude slices
radius: radius of sphere
quads: use quads for body faces if ``True`` else triangles
Returns: :class:`~ezdxf.render.MeshTransformer`
.. versionadded:: 0.11
"""
radius = float(radius)
slices = int(count)
stacks_2 = int(stacks) // 2 # stacks from -stack/2 to +stack/2
delta_theta = pi * 2.0 / float(slices)
delta_phi = pi / float(stacks)
mesh = MeshVertexMerger()
def radius_of_stack(stack: float) -> float:
return radius * cos(delta_phi * stack)
def vertex(slice_: float, r: float, z: float) -> Vector:
actual_theta = delta_theta * slice_
return Vector(cos(actual_theta) * r, sin(actual_theta) * r, z)
def cap_triangles(stack, top=False):
z = sin(stack * delta_phi) * radius
cap_vertex = Vector(0, 0, radius) if top else Vector(0, 0, -radius)
r1 = radius_of_stack(stack)
for slice_ in range(slices):
v1 = vertex(slice_, r1, z)
v2 = vertex(slice_ + 1, r1, z)
if top:
mesh.add_face((v1, v2, cap_vertex))
else:
mesh.add_face((cap_vertex, v2, v1))
# bottom triangle faces
cap_triangles(-stacks_2 + 1, top=False)
# add body faces
for actual_stack in range(-stacks_2 + 1, stacks_2 - 1):
next_stack = actual_stack + 1
r1 = radius_of_stack(actual_stack)
r2 = radius_of_stack(next_stack)
z1 = sin(delta_phi * actual_stack) * radius
z2 = sin(delta_phi * next_stack) * radius
for i in range(slices):
v1 = vertex(i, r1, z1)
v2 = vertex(i + 1, r1, z1)
v3 = vertex(i + 1, r2, z2)
v4 = vertex(i, r2, z2)
if quads:
mesh.add_face([v1, v2, v3, v4])
else:
center = vertex(
i + 0.5,
radius_of_stack(actual_stack + 0.5),
sin(delta_phi * (actual_stack + 0.5)) * radius,
)
mesh.add_face([v1, v2, center])
mesh.add_face([v2, v3, center])
mesh.add_face([v3, v4, center])
mesh.add_face([v4, v1, center])
# top triangle faces
cap_triangles(stacks_2 - 1, top=True)
return MeshTransformer.from_builder(mesh)