def lagrange(N, i, x):
"""
Function to calculate Lagrange polynomial for order N and polynomial
i[0, N] at location x.
"""
from gll import gll
[xi, weights] = gll(N)
fac = 1
for j in range(-1, N):
if j != i:
fac = fac * ((x - xi[j + 1]) / (xi[i + 1] - xi[j + 1]))
return fac
def lagrange1st(N):
# Calculation of 1st derivatives of Lagrange polynomials
# at GLL collocation points
# out = legendre1st(N)
# out is a matrix with columns -> GLL nodes
# rows -> order
from gll import gll
from lagrange import lagrange
from legendre import legendre
import numpy as np
out = np.zeros([N+1, N+1])
[xi, w] = gll(N)
# initialize dij matrix (see Funaro 1993 or Diploma thesis Bernhard Schuberth)
d = np.zeros([N+1, N+1])
for i in range (-1, N):
for j in range (-1, N):
if i != j:
d[i+1,j+1] = legendre(N,xi[i+1])/legendre(N,xi[j+1])*1/(xi[i+1]-xi[j+1])
if i == -1:
if j == -1:
d[i+1,j+1] = float(-1)/float(4)*N*(N+1)
if i == N-1:
if j == N-1:
d[i+1,j+1] = float(1)/float(4)*N*(N+1)
# Calculate matrix with 1st derivatives of Lagrange polynomials
for n in range (-1, N):
for i in range (-1, N):
sum=0
for j in range(-1, N):
sum = sum + d[i+1,j+1]*lagrange(N,n,xi[j+1])
out[n+1,i+1] = sum
return(out)
def lagrange(N, i, x):
# Program to calculate Lagrange polynomial for order N
# and polynomial i [0, N] at location x
from gll import gll
[xi, weights] = gll(N)
fac = 1
for j in range(-1, N):
if j != i:
fac = fac * ((x - xi[j + 1]) / (xi[i + 1] - xi[j + 1]))
x = fac
return x
def lagrange1st(N):
# Calculation of 1st derivatives of Lagrange polynomials
# at GLL collocation points
# out = legendre1st(N)
# out is a matrix with columns -> GLL nodes
# rows -> order
from gll import gll
from lagrange import lagrange
from legendre import legendre
import numpy as np
out = np.zeros([N + 1, N + 1])
[xi, w] = gll(N)
# initialize dij matrix (see Funaro 1993 or Diploma thesis Bernhard Schuberth)
d = np.zeros([N + 1, N + 1])
for i in range(-1, N):
for j in range(-1, N):
if i != j:
d[i + 1, j + 1] = legendre(N, xi[i + 1]) / legendre(
N, xi[j + 1]) * 1 / (xi[i + 1] - xi[j + 1])
if i == -1:
if j == -1:
d[i + 1, j + 1] = float(-1) / float(4) * N * (N + 1)
if i == N - 1:
if j == N - 1:
d[i + 1, j + 1] = float(1) / float(4) * N * (N + 1)
# Calculate matrix with 1st derivatives of Lagrange polynomials
for n in range(-1, N):
for i in range(-1, N):
sum = 0
for j in range(-1, N):
sum = sum + d[i + 1, j + 1] * lagrange(N, n, xi[j + 1])
out[n + 1, i + 1] = sum
return (out)
def lagrange(N,i,x): # Program to calculate Lagrange polynomial for order N # and polynomial i [0, N] at location x from gll import gll [xi, weights] = gll(N) fac=1 for j in range (-1,N): if j != i: fac=fac*((x-xi[j+1])/(xi[i+1]-xi[j+1])) x=fac return x
def lagrange1st(N):
"""
# Calculation of 1st derivatives of Lagrange polynomials
# at GLL collocation points
# out = legendre1st(N)
# out is a matrix with columns -> GLL nodes
# rows -> order
"""
out = np.zeros([N+1, N+1])
[xi, w] = gll(N)
# initialize dij matrix (see Funaro 1993 or Diploma thesis Bernhard
# Schuberth)
d = np.zeros([N + 1, N + 1])
for i in range(-1, N):
for j in range(-1, N):
if i != j:
d[i + 1, j + 1] = legendre(N, xi[i + 1]) / \
legendre(N, xi[j + 1]) * 1.0 / (xi[i + 1] - xi[j + 1])
if i == -1:
if j == -1:
d[i + 1, j + 1] = -1.0 / 4.0 * N * (N + 1)
if i == N-1:
if j == N-1:
d[i + 1, j + 1] = 1.0 / 4.0 * N * (N + 1)
# Calculate matrix with 1st derivatives of Lagrange polynomials
for n in range(-1, N):
for i in range(-1, N):
sum = 0
for j in range(-1, N):
sum = sum + d[i + 1, j + 1] * lagrange(N, n, xi[j + 1])
out[n + 1, i + 1] = sum
return(out)
xmax = 10000. # Length of domain [m]
vs = 2500. # S velocity [m/s]
rho = 2000 # Density [kg/m^3]
mu = rho * vs**2 # Shear modulus mu
N = 3 # Order of Lagrange polynomials
ne = 250 # Number of elements
Tdom = .2 # Dominant period of Ricker source wavelet
iplot = 20 # Plotting each iplot snapshot
# variables for elemental matrices
Me = np.zeros(N + 1, dtype=float)
Ke = np.zeros((N + 1, N + 1), dtype=float)
# ----------------------------------------------------------------
# Initialization of GLL points integration weights
[xi, w] = gll(N) # xi, N+1 coordinates [-1 1] of GLL points
# w Integration weights at GLL locations
# Space domain
le = xmax / ne # Length of elements
# Vector with GLL points
k = 0
xg = np.zeros((N * ne) + 1)
xg[k] = 0
for i in range(1, ne + 1):
for j in range(0, N):
k = k + 1
xg[k] = (i - 1) * le + .5 * (xi[j + 1] + 1) * le
# ---------------------------------------------------------------
dxmin = min(np.diff(xg))
eps = 0.1 # Courant value
# +
def lagrange2(N, i, x, xi):
"""
Function to calculate Lagrange polynomial for order N
and polynomial i [0, N] at location x at given collacation points xi
(not necessarily the GLL-points)
"""
fac = 1
for j in range(-1, N):
if j != i:
fac = fac * ((x - xi[j + 1]) / (xi[i + 1] - xi[j + 1]))
return fac
N = 4
x = np.linspace(-1, 1, 1000)
xi, _ = gll(N)
plt.figure(figsize=(8, 3))
for _i in range(N):
plt.plot(x, lagrange2(N, _i, x, xi))
plt.ylim(-0.3, 1.1)
plt.title("Lagrange Polynomials of order %i" % N)
plt.show()
# -
# ##Exercises:
#
# ### 1. The GLL-points
# * Use the `gll()` routine to determine the collocation points for a given order $N$ in the interval $[-1,1]$.
# * Define an arbitrary function $f(x)$ and use the function `lagrange(N,i,x)` to get the $i$-th Lagrange polynomials of order N at the point x.
# * Calculate the interpolating function to $f(x)$.
n = 1000
x = np.linspace(-1, 1, n)
# MODIFY f and intf to test different functions!
f = np.sin(x * np.pi)
# Analytical value of the DEFINITE integral from -1 to 1
intf = 1.0 / np.pi * (-np.cos(1.0 * np.pi) + np.cos(-1.0 * np.pi))
# Choose order
N = 4
# Uncomment for interactivity.
# N =int(input('Give order of integration: '))
# Get integration points and weights from the gll routine
xi, w = gll(N)
# Initialize function at points xi
fi = np.interp(xi, x, f)
# Evaluate integral
intfn = 0
for i in range(len(w)):
intfn = intfn + w[i] * fi[i]
# Calculate Lagrange Interpolant for plotting purposes.
lp = np.zeros((N + 1, len(x)))
for i in range(0, len(x)):
for j in range(-1, N):
lp[j + 1, i] = lagrange2(N, j, x[i], xi)
s = np.zeros_like(x)