def test_create_directed_graph_from_transpose(self):
""" Create a directed graph by reversing the edges of an input graph """
graph_dict = {'v0': [('v1',), ('v2',)],
'v1': [('v0',), ('v3',)],
'v2': [],
'v3': [],
'v4': []}
tg = DirectedGraph.from_dict(graph_dict)
g = DirectedGraph.from_transpose(tg)
v0 = g.get_vertex('v0')
v1 = g.get_vertex('v1')
v2 = g.get_vertex('v2')
v3 = g.get_vertex('v3')
v4 = g.get_vertex('v4')
self.assertEqual(g.num_vertices, 5)
self.assertEqual(g.num_edges, 4)
self.assertEqual(set(v0.outs), set([v1]))
self.assertEqual(set(v1.outs), set([v0]))
self.assertEqual(set(v2.outs), set([v0]))
self.assertEqual(set(v3.outs), set([v1]))
self.assertEqual(set(v4.outs), set())
self.assertEqual(set(v0.ins), set([v1, v2]))
self.assertEqual(set(v1.ins), set([v0, v3]))
self.assertEqual(set(v2.ins), set())
self.assertEqual(set(v3.ins), set())
self.assertEqual(set(v4.ins), set())
def test_directed_graph_vertex_already_exists(self):
""" A directed graph should not be able to add a vertex that already
exists in the graph """
g = DirectedGraph()
g.add_vertex(v_val='v0')
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
g.add_vertex('v0')
def test_create_directed_graph_from_lists(self):
""" Create a directed graph from lists of vertices and edges """
vertices = [('v0', {'city': 'Paris'}),
(1, {'continent': 'Europe', 'city': 'London'}),
((2, 2),),
('v3',),
('v4',)]
edges = [(('v0', 1), {'weight': 3}),
(('v0', (2, 2)), {'weight': 4}),
((1, 'v3'),),
((1, 'v0'), {'weight': 5})]
g = DirectedGraph.from_lists(vertices, edges)
v0 = g.get_vertex('v0')
v1 = g.get_vertex(1)
v2 = g.get_vertex((2, 2))
v3 = g.get_vertex('v3')
v4 = g.get_vertex('v4')
e01 = g.get_edge(('v0', 1))
e02 = g.get_edge(('v0', (2, 2)))
e13 = g.get_edge((1, 'v3'))
e10 = g.get_edge((1, 'v0'))
self.assertEqual(g.num_vertices, 5)
self.assertEqual(g.num_edges, 4)
self.assertEqual(set(v0.outs), set([v1, v2]))
self.assertEqual(set(v1.outs), set([v0, v3]))
self.assertEqual(set(v2.outs), set())
self.assertEqual(set(v3.outs), set())
self.assertEqual(set(v4.outs), set())
self.assertEqual(set(v0.ins), set([v1]))
self.assertEqual(set(v1.ins), set([v0]))
self.assertEqual(set(v2.ins), set([v0]))
self.assertEqual(set(v3.ins), set([v1]))
self.assertEqual(set(v4.ins), set())
self.assertEqual(v0.get('city'), 'Paris')
self.assertEqual(v1.get('continent'), 'Europe')
self.assertEqual(v1.get('city'), 'London')
self.assertIsNone(v2.get('city'))
self.assertEqual(e01.get('weight'), 3)
self.assertEqual(e02.get('weight'), 4)
self.assertIsNone(e13.get('weight'))
self.assertEqual(e10.get('weight'), 5)
duplicate_vertices = [('v0_dupe',), ('v0_dupe',)]
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
_ = DirectedGraph.from_lists(duplicate_vertices, [])
vertices_dupe_edge = [('v0_dupe_edge',), ('v1_dupe_edge',)]
duplicate_edges = [(('v0_dupe_edge', 'v1_dupe_edge'),),
(('v0_dupe_edge', 'v1_dupe_edge'),)]
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
_ = DirectedGraph.from_lists(vertices_dupe_edge, duplicate_edges)
def test_create_random_directed_graph(self):
""" Create a directed graph with edges between random nodes """
num_vertices = 10
v_vals = ['v' + str(i) for i in xrange(num_vertices)]
g_half = DirectedGraph.random_graph(v_vals, 0.5)
g_zero = DirectedGraph.random_graph(v_vals, 0.0)
g_one = DirectedGraph.random_graph(v_vals, 1.0)
max_edges = num_vertices ** 2
self.assertEqual(g_half.num_vertices, num_vertices)
self.assertEqual(g_zero.num_vertices, num_vertices)
self.assertEqual(g_one.num_vertices, num_vertices)
self.assertTrue(0 < g_half.num_edges < max_edges)
self.assertEqual(g_zero.num_edges, 0)
self.assertEqual(g_one.num_edges, max_edges)
def test_directed_graph_is_weakly_connected(self):
""" Get whether a path exists for every pair of vertices in a directed
graph when treating its edges as undirected """
g_connected = DirectedGraph.from_dict({'v0': [('v1',), ('v2',)],
'v1': [],
'v2': []})
g_disconnected = DirectedGraph.from_dict({'v0': [('v1',)],
'v1': [],
'v2': []})
self.assertTrue(g_connected.is_weakly_connected)
self.assertFalse(g_disconnected.is_weakly_connected)
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
g_connected.is_weakly_connected = False
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
g_disconnected.is_weakly_connected = True
def test_directed_graph_is_strongly_connected(self):
""" Get whether a path exists in both directions for every pair of
vertices in a directed graph """
g_connected = DirectedGraph.from_dict({'v0': [('v1',)],
'v1': [('v2',)],
'v2': [('v0',)]})
g_disconnected = DirectedGraph.from_dict({'v0': [('v1',), ('v2',)],
'v1': [],
'v2': []})
self.assertTrue(g_connected.is_strongly_connected)
self.assertFalse(g_disconnected.is_strongly_connected)
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
g_connected.is_strongly_connected = False
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
g_disconnected.is_strongly_connected = True
def test_create_complete_directed_graph(self):
""" Create a directed graph with edges between all nodes """
num_vertices = 10
v_vals = ['v' + str(i) for i in xrange(num_vertices)]
g = DirectedGraph.complete_graph(v_vals)
max_edges = num_vertices ** 2
self.assertEqual(g.num_vertices, num_vertices)
self.assertEqual(g.num_edges, max_edges)
def test_directed_graph_vertices_and_edges(self):
""" Get directed graphs' vertices and edges properties """
g = DirectedGraph()
g.add_vertex(v_val='v0')
g.add_vertex(v_val='v1')
g.add_edge(('v0', 'v1'))
v0 = g.get_vertex('v0')
v1 = g.get_vertex('v1')
e01 = g.get_edge(('v0', 'v1'))
self.assertEqual(set(g.vertices), set([v0, v1]))
self.assertEqual(set(g.edges), set([e01]))
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
g.vertices = set()
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
g.edges = set()
def test_create_directed_graph_from_dict(self):
""" Create a directed graph from an adjacency dictionary """
graph_dict = {'v0': [(1,), (1,), ((2, 2), {'weight': 5})],
1: [('v0',), ('v3',)],
(2, 2): [],
'v3': [],
'v4': []}
vertex_attrs = {'v0': {'city': 'Paris'},
1: {'continent': 'Europe', 'city': 'London'},
'v5': {'city': 'Jamestown'}}
g = DirectedGraph.from_dict(graph_dict, vertex_attrs=vertex_attrs)
v0 = g.get_vertex('v0')
v1 = g.get_vertex(1)
v2 = g.get_vertex((2, 2))
v3 = g.get_vertex('v3')
v4 = g.get_vertex('v4')
v5 = g.get_vertex('v5')
e01 = g.get_edge(('v0', 1))
e02 = g.get_edge(('v0', (2, 2)))
self.assertEqual(g.num_vertices, 6)
self.assertEqual(g.num_edges, 4)
self.assertEqual(set(v0.outs), set([v1, v2]))
self.assertEqual(set(v1.outs), set([v0, v3]))
self.assertEqual(set(v2.outs), set())
self.assertEqual(set(v3.outs), set())
self.assertEqual(set(v4.outs), set())
self.assertEqual(set(v0.ins), set([v1]))
self.assertEqual(set(v1.ins), set([v0]))
self.assertEqual(set(v2.ins), set([v0]))
self.assertEqual(set(v3.ins), set([v1]))
self.assertEqual(set(v4.ins), set())
self.assertEqual(v0.get('city'), 'Paris')
self.assertEqual(v1.get('continent'), 'Europe')
self.assertEqual(v1.get('city'), 'London')
self.assertEqual(v5.get('city'), 'Jamestown')
self.assertIsNone(v2.get('city'))
self.assertIsNone(e01.get('weight'))
self.assertEqual(e02.get('weight'), 5)
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
_ = DirectedGraph.from_dict({'v0': [({'weight': 5},)],
'v1': [({'weight': 3},)]})
def test_directed_graph_num_vertices_and_num_edges(self):
""" Get the number of a directed graph's vertices and edges """
g = DirectedGraph.from_dict({'v0': [('v1',)],
'v1': []})
self.assertEqual(g.num_vertices, 2)
self.assertEqual(g.num_edges, 1)
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
g.num_vertices = 0
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
g.num_edges = 0
def test_create_undirected_graph_from_directed_graph(self):
""" Create an undirected graph from a directed graph """
graph_dict = {'v0': [('v0',), ('v1',), ('v2',)],
'v1': [('v0',), ('v3',)],
'v2': [],
'v3': [('v1',)],
'v4': []}
dg = DirectedGraph.from_dict(graph_dict)
g = UndirectedGraph.from_directed_graph(dg)
self.assertEqual(g.num_vertices, 5)
self.assertEqual(g.num_edges, 4)
def test_directed_graph_edge_already_exists_exception(self):
""" A directed graph should not be able to add an edge that already
exists in the graph """
g = DirectedGraph()
g.add_vertex(v_val='v0')
g.add_vertex(v_val='v1')
g.add_edge(('v0', 'v1'))
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
g.add_edge(('v0', 'v1'))
def test_directed_graph_length(self):
""" Get the length of a directed graph """
g = DirectedGraph()
self.assertEqual(len(g), 0)
g.add_vertex(v_val='v0')
self.assertEqual(len(g), 1)
g.add_vertex(v_val='v1')
g.add_edge(('v0', 'v1'))
self.assertEqual(len(g), 2)
g.remove_vertex('v0')
self.assertEqual(len(g), 1)
def test_directed_graph_add_edge(self):
""" Add edges to a directed graph """
g = DirectedGraph()
g.add_vertex(v_val='v0')
g.add_vertex(v_val='v1')
g.add_edge(('v0', 'v0'), attrs={'weight': 5})
g.add_edge(('v0', 'v1'), attrs={'weight': 7})
e00 = g.get_edge(('v0', 'v0'))
e01 = g.get_edge(('v0', 'v1'))
self.assertTrue(g.has_edge(('v0', 'v0')))
self.assertTrue(g.has_edge(('v0', 'v1')))
self.assertFalse(g.has_edge(('v0', 'v2')))
self.assertFalse(g.has_edge(('v1', 'v0')))
self.assertEqual(e00.get('weight'), 5)
self.assertEqual(e01.get('weight'), 7)
def test_directed_graph_add_vertex(self):
""" Add vertices to a directed graph """
g = DirectedGraph()
v0_val = g.add_vertex(v_val='v0', attrs={'city': 'Modena'})
v1_val = g.add_vertex(v_val='v1')
self.assertEqual(v0_val, 'v0')
self.assertEqual(v1_val, 'v1')
self.assertTrue(g.has_vertex('v0'))
self.assertTrue(g.has_vertex('v1'))
self.assertFalse(g.has_vertex('v2'))
self.assertEqual(g.get_vertex('v0').get('city'), 'Modena')
self.assertIsNone(g.get_vertex('v1').get('city'))
def test_directed_graph_average_outs_and_average_ins(self):
""" Get the average out degree and in degree of all vertices in a
directed graph """
g = DirectedGraph.from_dict({'v0': [('v1',)],
'v1': [],
'v2': []})
empty_g = DirectedGraph()
self.assertEqual(g.average_outs, 1.0 / 3.0)
self.assertEqual(g.average_ins, 1.0 / 3.0)
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
g.average_outs = 0
with self.assertRaises(AttributeError):
g.average_ins = 0
self.assertEqual(empty_g.average_outs, 0)
self.assertEqual(empty_g.average_ins, 0)
def test_directed_graph_clone(self):
""" Clone a directed graph """
vertices = [('v0', {'city': 'Paris'}),
('v1', {'continent': 'Europe', 'city': 'London'}),
('v2',),
('v3',),
('v4',)]
edges = [(('v0', 'v0'), {'weight': 1}),
(('v0', 'v1'), {'weight': 3}),
(('v0', 'v2'), {'weight': 4}),
(('v1', 'v3'),)]
g = DirectedGraph.from_lists(vertices, edges)
g_prime = g.clone()
v0 = g.get_vertex('v0')
v0_prime = g_prime.get_vertex('v0')
e01 = g.get_edge(('v0', 'v1'))
e01_prime = g_prime.get_edge(('v0', 'v1'))
self.assertEqual(g_prime.num_vertices, g.num_vertices)
self.assertEqual(g_prime.num_edges, g.num_edges)
self.assertNotEqual(v0, v0_prime)
self.assertNotEqual(e01, e01_prime)
self.assertEqual(v0.attrs, v0_prime.attrs)
g.add_vertex('v5', {'city': 'Jamestown'})
self.assertTrue(g.has_vertex('v5'))
self.assertFalse(g_prime.has_vertex('v5'))
g.remove_vertex('v0')
self.assertFalse(g.has_vertex('v0'))
self.assertTrue(g_prime.has_vertex('v0'))
self.assertFalse(g.has_edge(('v0', 'v1')))
self.assertTrue(g_prime.has_edge(('v0', 'v1')))
e01.set('weight', 5)
self.assertEqual(e01.get('weight'), 5)
self.assertEqual(e01_prime.get('weight'), 3)
def test_directed_graph_iteration(self):
""" Iterate through a directed graph """
g = DirectedGraph()
counter = 0
for v in g:
counter += 1
self.assertEqual(counter, 0)
g.add_vertex(v_val='v0')
g.add_vertex(v_val='v1')
g.add_edge(('v0', 'v1'))
for v in g:
counter += 1
self.assertTrue(g.has_vertex(v.val))
self.assertEqual(counter, 2)
def test_directed_graph_dijkstra(self):
""" Perform Dijkstra's algorithm on a directed graph """
""" 1_ E 1_ E
| / | /
| < | <
A- 1 ->B- 5 ->D A- 3 ->B- 5 ->D
\ | / \ | /
2 0 1 2 -2 1
\ v / \ v /
> C < > C <
"""
g = DirectedGraph()
g.add_vertex(v_val='A')
g.add_vertex(v_val='B')
g.add_vertex(v_val='C')
g.add_vertex(v_val='D')
g.add_vertex(v_val='E')
g.add_edge(('A', 'A'), attrs={'weight': 1})
g.add_edge(('A', 'B'), attrs={'weight': 1})
g.add_edge(('A', 'C'), attrs={'weight': 2})
g.add_edge(('B', 'C'), attrs={'weight': 0})
g.add_edge(('B', 'D'), attrs={'weight': 5})
g.add_edge(('D', 'C'), attrs={'weight': 1})
negative_weight_g = g.clone()
negative_weight_g.get_edge(('A', 'B')).set('weight', 3)
negative_weight_g.get_edge(('B', 'C')).set('weight', -2)
missing_weight_g = g.clone()
missing_weight_g.get_edge(('A', 'B')).set('weight', None)
self.assertEqual(g.dijkstra('A', goal_val='A'), ['A'])
self.assertEqual(g.dijkstra('A', goal_val='B'), ['A', 'B'])
self.assertEqual(g.dijkstra('A', goal_val='C'), ['A', 'B', 'C'])
self.assertEqual(g.dijkstra('A', goal_val='D'), ['A', 'B', 'D'])
self.assertIsNone(g.dijkstra('A', goal_val='E'))
# when returning all paths (no goal specified), paths aren't evaluated
# until requested, to avoid the O(|V|^2) cost of backtracking |V| paths
A_paths = g.dijkstra('A')
# request each key
_ = [A_paths[v.val] for v in g]
self.assertEqual(dict(A_paths), {'A': ['A'],
'B': ['A', 'B'],
'C': ['A', 'B', 'C'],
'D': ['A', 'B', 'D'],
'E': None})
self.assertEqual(g.dijkstra('A', goal_val='A', return_distances=True),
0)
self.assertEqual(g.dijkstra('A', goal_val='B', return_distances=True),
1)
self.assertEqual(g.dijkstra('A', goal_val='C', return_distances=True),
1)
self.assertEqual(g.dijkstra('A', goal_val='D', return_distances=True),
6)
self.assertEqual(g.dijkstra('A', goal_val='E', return_distances=True),
float('inf'))
self.assertEqual(g.dijkstra('A', return_distances=True),
{'A': 0, 'B': 1, 'C': 1, 'D': 6, 'E': float('inf')})
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
negative_weight_g.dijkstra('A')
with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
missing_weight_g.dijkstra('A')
def test_directed_graph_search(self):
""" Search for paths from a directed vertex to all vertices reachable
from it """
"""
__
| /
| <
v0 -> v1 -> v3
\
> v2
"""
g = DirectedGraph()
g.add_vertex(v_val='v0')
g.add_vertex(v_val='v1')
g.add_vertex(v_val='v2')
g.add_vertex(v_val='v3')
g.add_vertex(v_val='v4')
g.add_edge(('v0', 'v0'))
g.add_edge(('v0', 'v1'))
g.add_edge(('v2', 'v0'))
g.add_edge(('v1', 'v3'))
self.assertEqual(g.search('v0', goal_val='v0'), ['v0'])
self.assertEqual(g.search('v0', goal_val='v1'), ['v0', 'v1'])
self.assertIsNone(g.search('v0', goal_val='v2'))
self.assertEqual(g.search('v0', goal_val='v3'), ['v0', 'v1', 'v3'])
self.assertIsNone(g.search('v0', goal_val='v4'))
self.assertEqual(g.search('v0'), {'v0': ['v0'],
'v1': ['v0', 'v1'],
'v3': ['v0', 'v1', 'v3']})
self.assertEqual(g.search('v0', goal_val='v0', method='depth_first'),
['v0'])
self.assertEqual(g.search('v0', goal_val='v1', method='depth_first'),
['v0', 'v1'])
self.assertIsNone(g.search('v0', goal_val='v2', method='depth_first'))
self.assertEqual(g.search('v0', goal_val='v3', method='depth_first'),
['v0', 'v1', 'v3'])
self.assertIsNone(g.search('v0', goal_val='v4', method='depth_first'))
self.assertEqual(g.search('v0', method='depth_first'),
{'v0': ['v0'],
'v1': ['v0', 'v1'],
'v3': ['v0', 'v1', 'v3']})
def test_directed_graph_remove_edge(self):
""" Remove edges from a directed graph """
g = DirectedGraph()
g.add_vertex(v_val='v0')
g.add_vertex(v_val='v1')
g.add_vertex(v_val='v2')
g.add_edge(('v0', 'v1'))
g.add_edge(('v0', 'v2'))
g.remove_edge(('v0', 'v1'))
self.assertFalse(g.has_edge(('v0', 'v1')))
self.assertFalse(g.has_edge(('v1', 'v0')))
self.assertTrue(g.has_edge(('v0', 'v2')))
g.remove_edge(('v0', 'v2'))
self.assertFalse(g.has_edge(('v0', 'v1')))
self.assertFalse(g.has_edge(('v1', 'v0')))
self.assertFalse(g.has_edge(('v0', 'v2')))