def seasonal_mean(cube):
seasons = ['winter', 'summer']
icc.add_season(cube, 'time', 'clim_season')
icc.add_season_year(cube, 'time', 'season_year')
season_mean_cube_list = iris.cube.CubeList([])
season_max_cube_list = iris.cube.CubeList([])
season_min_cube_list = iris.cube.CubeList([])
for season in seasons:
if season == 'winter':
months = 'djf'
if season == 'spring':
months = 'mam'
if season == 'summer':
months = 'jja'
if season == 'autumn':
months = 'son'
single_season_cube = cube.extract(iris.Constraint(clim_season=months))
season_mean_cube = single_season_cube.aggregated_by(
['clim_season', 'season_year'], iris.analysis.MEAN)
season_mean_cube.rename(season_mean_cube.name() + '_' + season +
'_mean')
season_mean_cube_list.append(season_mean_cube)
season_max = single_season_cube.aggregated_by(
['clim_season', 'season_year'], iris.analysis.MAX)
season_max.rename(season_max.name() + '_' + season + '_max')
season_max_cube_list.append(season_max)
season_min = single_season_cube.aggregated_by(
['clim_season', 'season_year'], iris.analysis.MIN)
season_min.rename(season_min.name() + '_' + season + '_min')
season_min_cube_list.append(season_min)
return [season_mean_cube_list, season_max_cube_list, season_min_cube_list]
def add_times(cube, time): coord_cat.add_month(cube, time, name='month') coord_cat.add_season(cube, time, name='clim_season') coord_cat.add_year(cube, time, name='year') coord_cat.add_day_of_year(cube, time, name='day_number') coord_cat.add_season_year(cube, time, name='season_year') return cube
def test_add_custom_season(self):
# custom seasons match standard seasons?
seasons = ('djf', 'mam', 'jja', 'son')
ccat.add_season(self.cube, 'time', name='season_std')
ccat.add_custom_season(self.cube, 'time', seasons,
name='season_custom')
coord_std = self.cube.coord('season_std')
coord_custom = self.cube.coord('season_custom')
self.assertArrayEqual(coord_custom.points, coord_std.points)
def test_add_season_membership(self):
# season membership identifies correct seasons?
season = "djf"
ccat.add_season_membership(self.cube, "time", season, name="in_season")
ccat.add_season(self.cube, "time")
coord_season = self.cube.coord("season")
coord_membership = self.cube.coord("in_season")
season_locations = np.where(coord_season.points == season)[0]
membership_locations = np.where(coord_membership.points)[0]
self.assertArrayEqual(membership_locations, season_locations)
def test_add_season_membership(self):
# season membership identifies correct seasons?
season = 'djf'
ccat.add_season_membership(self.cube, 'time', season, name='in_season')
ccat.add_season(self.cube, 'time')
coord_season = self.cube.coord('season')
coord_membership = self.cube.coord('in_season')
season_locations = np.where(coord_season.points == season)[0]
membership_locations = np.where(coord_membership.points)[0]
self.assertArrayEqual(membership_locations, season_locations)
def test_add_season_nonstandard(self):
# season categorisations work for non-standard seasons?
cube = self.cube
time_coord = self.time_coord
seasons = ['djfm', 'amjj', 'ason']
ccat.add_season(cube, time_coord, name='seasons', seasons=seasons)
ccat.add_season_number(cube, time_coord, name='season_numbers',
seasons=seasons)
ccat.add_season_year(cube, time_coord, name='season_years',
seasons=seasons)
self.assertCML(cube, ('categorisation', 'customcheck.cml'))
def test_add_season_membership(self):
# season membership identifies correct seasons?
season = 'djf'
ccat.add_season_membership(self.cube, 'time', season,
name='in_season')
ccat.add_season(self.cube, 'time')
coord_season = self.cube.coord('season')
coord_membership = self.cube.coord('in_season')
season_locations = np.where(coord_season.points == season)[0]
membership_locations = np.where(coord_membership.points)[0]
self.assertArrayEqual(membership_locations, season_locations)
def test_add_season_nonstandard(self):
# season categorisations work for non-standard seasons?
cube = self.cube
time_coord = self.time_coord
seasons = ["djfm", "amjj", "ason"]
ccat.add_season(cube, time_coord, name="seasons", seasons=seasons)
ccat.add_season_number(
cube, time_coord, name="season_numbers", seasons=seasons
)
ccat.add_season_year(
cube, time_coord, name="season_years", seasons=seasons
)
self.assertCML(cube, ("categorisation", "customcheck.cml"))
def select_certain_months(cubes, lbmon):
"""
Select data from CubeList that matches the specified months.
:param CubeList cubes: Iris CubeList.
:param list lbmon: List with month numbers, e.g. lbmon=[5,6,7] for Mai,
June, and July.
:returns: CubeList with Cubes containing only data for the specified mnth.
:rtype: CubeList
:raises: `AssertionError` if `cubes` is not an `iris.cube.CubeList`.
"""
# add 'month number' coordinate
add_time_coord = {
'monthly':
lambda cube: coord_cat.add_month_number(
cube, 'time', name='month_number'),
'seasonal':
lambda cube: coord_cat.add_season(cube, 'time', name='clim_season'),
'annual':
lambda cube: coord_cat.add_season_year(
cube, 'time', name='season_year')
}
assert isinstance(cubes, iris.cube.CubeList)
for cube in cubes:
add_time_coord['monthly'](cube)
# filter by month number
month_constraint = iris.Constraint(month_number=lbmon)
return cubes.extract(
month_constraint) # CubeList.extract returns always CubeList
def test_basic(self):
cube = self.cube
time_coord = self.time_coord
ccat.add_year(cube, time_coord, 'my_year')
ccat.add_day_of_month(cube, time_coord, 'my_day_of_month')
ccat.add_day_of_year(cube, time_coord, 'my_day_of_year')
ccat.add_month(cube, time_coord, 'my_month')
with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True):
ccat.add_month_shortname(cube, time_coord, 'my_month_shortname')
ccat.add_month_fullname(cube, time_coord, 'my_month_fullname')
ccat.add_month_number(cube, time_coord, 'my_month_number')
ccat.add_weekday(cube, time_coord, 'my_weekday')
ccat.add_weekday_number(cube, time_coord, 'my_weekday_number')
with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True):
ccat.add_weekday_shortname(cube, time_coord,
'my_weekday_shortname')
ccat.add_weekday_fullname(cube, time_coord, 'my_weekday_fullname')
ccat.add_season(cube, time_coord, 'my_season')
ccat.add_season_number(cube, time_coord, 'my_season_number')
with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True):
ccat.add_season_month_initials(cube, time_coord,
'my_season_month_initials')
ccat.add_season_year(cube, time_coord, 'my_season_year')
# also test 'generic' categorisation interface
def _month_in_quarter(coord, pt_value):
date = coord.units.num2date(pt_value)
return (date.month - 1) % 3
ccat.add_categorised_coord(cube,
'my_month_in_quarter',
time_coord,
_month_in_quarter)
# To ensure consistent results between 32-bit and 64-bit
# platforms, ensure all the numeric categorisation coordinates
# are always stored as int64.
for coord in cube.coords():
if coord.long_name is not None and coord.points.dtype.kind == 'i':
coord.points = coord.points.astype(np.int64)
# check values
self.assertCML(cube, ('categorisation', 'quickcheck.cml'))
def test_basic(self):
cube = self.cube
time_coord = self.time_coord
ccat.add_year(cube, time_coord, 'my_year')
ccat.add_day_of_month(cube, time_coord, 'my_day_of_month')
ccat.add_day_of_year(cube, time_coord, 'my_day_of_year')
ccat.add_month(cube, time_coord, 'my_month')
with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True):
ccat.add_month_shortname(cube, time_coord, 'my_month_shortname')
ccat.add_month_fullname(cube, time_coord, 'my_month_fullname')
ccat.add_month_number(cube, time_coord, 'my_month_number')
ccat.add_weekday(cube, time_coord, 'my_weekday')
ccat.add_weekday_number(cube, time_coord, 'my_weekday_number')
with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True):
ccat.add_weekday_shortname(cube, time_coord,
'my_weekday_shortname')
ccat.add_weekday_fullname(cube, time_coord, 'my_weekday_fullname')
ccat.add_season(cube, time_coord, 'my_season')
ccat.add_season_number(cube, time_coord, 'my_season_number')
with warnings.catch_warnings(record=True):
ccat.add_season_month_initials(cube, time_coord,
'my_season_month_initials')
ccat.add_season_year(cube, time_coord, 'my_season_year')
# also test 'generic' categorisation interface
def _month_in_quarter(coord, pt_value):
date = coord.units.num2date(pt_value)
return (date.month - 1) % 3
ccat.add_categorised_coord(cube, 'my_month_in_quarter', time_coord,
_month_in_quarter)
# To ensure consistent results between 32-bit and 64-bit
# platforms, ensure all the numeric categorisation coordinates
# are always stored as int64.
for coord in cube.coords():
if coord.long_name is not None and coord.points.dtype.kind == 'i':
coord.points = coord.points.astype(np.int64)
# check values
self.assertCML(cube, ('categorisation', 'quickcheck.cml'))
def test_basic(self):
#make a series of 'day numbers' for the time, that slide across month boundaries
day_numbers = np.arange(0, 600, 27, dtype=np.int32)
cube = iris.cube.Cube(day_numbers, long_name='test cube', units='metres')
#use day numbers as data values also (don't actually use this for anything)
cube.data = day_numbers
time_coord = iris.coords.DimCoord(
day_numbers, standard_name='time', units=iris.unit.Unit('days since epoch', 'gregorian'))
cube.add_dim_coord(time_coord, 0)
#add test coordinates for examples wanted
ccat.add_year(cube, time_coord)
ccat.add_day_of_month(cube, 'time') #NB test passing coord-name instead of coord itself
ccat.add_month(cube, time_coord)
ccat.add_month_shortname(cube, time_coord, name='month_short')
ccat.add_month_fullname(cube, time_coord, name='month_full')
ccat.add_month_number(cube, time_coord, name='month_number')
ccat.add_weekday(cube, time_coord)
ccat.add_weekday_number(cube, time_coord, name='weekday_number')
ccat.add_weekday_shortname(cube, time_coord, name='weekday_short')
ccat.add_weekday_fullname(cube, time_coord, name='weekday_full')
ccat.add_season(cube, time_coord)
ccat.add_season_number(cube, time_coord, name='season_number')
ccat.add_season_month_initials(cube, time_coord, name='season_months')
ccat.add_season_year(cube, time_coord, name='year_ofseason')
#also test 'generic' categorisation interface
def _month_in_quarter(coord, pt_value):
date = coord.units.num2date(pt_value)
return (date.month - 1) % 3
ccat.add_categorised_coord(cube, 'month_in_quarter', time_coord, _month_in_quarter)
for coord_name in ['month_number', 'month_in_quarter', 'weekday_number', 'season_number', 'year_ofseason', 'year', 'day']:
cube.coord(coord_name).points = cube.coord(coord_name).points.astype(np.int64)
#check values
self.assertCML(cube, ('categorisation', 'quickcheck.cml'))
def seasonal_mean(mycube):
"""
Function to compute seasonal means with MEAN.
Chunks time in 3-month periods and computes means over them;
Returns a cube.
"""
if 'clim_season' not in mycube.coords():
coord_cat.add_season(mycube, 'time', name='clim_season')
if 'season_year' not in mycube.coords():
coord_cat.add_season_year(mycube, 'time', name='season_year')
annual_seasonal_mean = mycube.aggregated_by(['clim_season', 'season_year'],
iris.analysis.MEAN)
def spans_three_months(time):
"""Check for three months."""
return (time.bound[1] - time.bound[0]) == 90 # days
three_months_bound = iris.Constraint(time=spans_three_months)
return annual_seasonal_mean.extract(three_months_bound)
def test_basic(self):
cube = self.cube
time_coord = self.time_coord
ccat.add_year(cube, time_coord, "my_year")
ccat.add_day_of_month(cube, time_coord, "my_day_of_month")
ccat.add_day_of_year(cube, time_coord, "my_day_of_year")
ccat.add_month(cube, time_coord, "my_month")
ccat.add_month_fullname(cube, time_coord, "my_month_fullname")
ccat.add_month_number(cube, time_coord, "my_month_number")
ccat.add_weekday(cube, time_coord, "my_weekday")
ccat.add_weekday_number(cube, time_coord, "my_weekday_number")
ccat.add_weekday_fullname(cube, time_coord, "my_weekday_fullname")
ccat.add_season(cube, time_coord, "my_season")
ccat.add_season_number(cube, time_coord, "my_season_number")
ccat.add_season_year(cube, time_coord, "my_season_year")
# also test 'generic' categorisation interface
def _month_in_quarter(coord, pt_value):
date = coord.units.num2date(pt_value)
return (date.month - 1) % 3
ccat.add_categorised_coord(
cube, "my_month_in_quarter", time_coord, _month_in_quarter
)
# To ensure consistent results between 32-bit and 64-bit
# platforms, ensure all the numeric categorisation coordinates
# are always stored as int64.
for coord in cube.coords():
if coord.long_name is not None and coord.points.dtype.kind == "i":
coord.points = coord.points.astype(np.int64)
# check values
self.assertCML(cube, ("categorisation", "quickcheck.cml"))
def plot_vector_fields(u_path="",
v_path="",
u_name="vozocrtx",
v_name="vomecrty",
level=0):
name_constraint = iris.Constraint(
cube_func=lambda c: c.var_name == u_name or c.var_name == v_name)
u_cube = iris.load_cube(u_path, constraint=name_constraint)
u_cube = u_cube.extract(
iris.Constraint(model_level_number=u_cube.coord(
"model_level_number").points[level]))
v_cube = iris.load_cube(v_path, constraint=name_constraint)
v_cube = v_cube.extract(
iris.Constraint(model_level_number=v_cube.coord(
"model_level_number").points[level]))
assert isinstance(u_cube, Cube)
#calculate seasonal means
coord_categorisation.add_season(u_cube, "time")
coord_categorisation.add_season(v_cube, "time")
u_cube_seasonal = u_cube.aggregated_by("season", analysis.MEAN)
v_cube_seasonal = v_cube.aggregated_by("season", analysis.MEAN)
#plot results
b, lons, lats = nemo_commons.get_basemap_and_coordinates_from_file(
T_FILE_PATH, resolution="h")
x, y = b(lons, lats)
the_mask = nemo_commons.get_mask(
path=os.path.join(EXP_DIR, "bathy_meter.nc"))
levels = np.arange(0, 0.11, 0.01)
bn = BoundaryNorm(levels, len(levels) - 1)
cmap = cm.get_cmap("Accent", len(levels) - 1)
for season in u_cube_seasonal.coord("season").points:
print(season)
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 4))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.set_title(season.upper())
u = u_cube_seasonal.extract(iris.Constraint(season=season)).data
v = v_cube_seasonal.extract(iris.Constraint(season=season)).data
u = np.ma.masked_where(~the_mask, u)
v = np.ma.masked_where(~the_mask, v)
speed = np.sqrt(u**2 + v**2)
cs = b.pcolormesh(x,
y,
speed,
norm=bn,
vmin=levels[0],
vmax=levels[-1],
cmap=cmap)
b.colorbar(cs)
u, v = b.rotate_vector(u, v, lons, lats)
q = b.quiver(x, y, u, v, scale=1.5, width=0.002)
qk = plt.quiverkey(q, 0.15, 0.1, 0.05, '0.05 m/s', labelpos='W')
b.drawcoastlines(linewidth=cpp.COASTLINE_WIDTH)
fname = "{0}-{1}_{2}.jpeg".format(u_cube_seasonal.var_name,
v_cube_seasonal.var_name, season)
if not os.path.isdir(NEMO_IMAGES_DIR):
os.mkdir(NEMO_IMAGES_DIR)
fig.tight_layout()
fig.savefig(os.path.join(NEMO_IMAGES_DIR, fname), dpi=cpp.FIG_SAVE_DPI)
#plot annual mean
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
fname = "{0}-{1}_{2}.jpeg".format(u_cube_seasonal.var_name,
v_cube_seasonal.var_name, "annual")
u_annual = u_cube_seasonal.collapsed("season", analysis.MEAN).data
v_annual = v_cube_seasonal.collapsed("season", analysis.MEAN).data
u_annual = np.ma.masked_where(~the_mask, u_annual)
v_annual = np.ma.masked_where(~the_mask, v_annual)
fig.suptitle("Annual")
q = b.quiver(x, y, u_annual, v_annual, scale=1.5, width=0.002, zorder=5)
qk = plt.quiverkey(q, 0.15, 0.1, 0.05, '0.05 m/s', labelpos='W')
levels = np.arange(0, 0.15, 0.01)
bn = BoundaryNorm(levels, len(levels) - 1)
#cmap = my_colormaps.get_cmap_from_ncl_spec_file("colormap_files/wgne15.rgb", len(levels) - 1)
cmap = cm.get_cmap("Paired", len(levels) - 1)
cs = b.pcolormesh(x,
y,
np.sqrt(u_annual**2 + v_annual**2),
cmap=cmap,
norm=bn)
b.drawcoastlines(linewidth=cpp.COASTLINE_WIDTH)
b.colorbar(cs)
fig.tight_layout()
fig.savefig(os.path.join(NEMO_IMAGES_DIR, fname), dpi=cpp.FIG_SAVE_DPI)
def add_time_coord_cats(cube):
"""
This function takes in an iris cube, and adds a range of
numeric co-ordinate categorisations to it. Depending
on the data, not all of the coords added will be relevant.
args
----
cube: iris cube that has a coordinate called 'time'
Returns
-------
Cube: cube that has new time categorisation coords added
Notes
-----
test
A simple example:
>>> file = os.path.join(conf.DATA_DIR, 'mslp.daily.rcm.viet.nc')
>>> cube = iris.load_cube(file)
>>> coord_names = [coord.name() for coord in cube.coords()]
>>> print((', '.join(coord_names)))
time, grid_latitude, grid_longitude
>>> ccube = add_time_coord_cats(cube)
>>> coord_names = [coord.name() for coord in ccube.coords()]
>>> print((', '.join(coord_names)))
time, grid_latitude, grid_longitude, day_of_month, day_of_year, month, \
month_number, season, season_number, year
>>> # print every 50th value of the added time cat coords
... for c in coord_names[3:]:
... print(ccube.coord(c).long_name)
... print(ccube.coord(c).points[::50])
...
day_of_month
[ 1 21 11 1 21 11 1 21]
day_of_year
[ 1 51 101 151 201 251 301 351]
month
['Jan' 'Feb' 'Apr' 'Jun' 'Jul' 'Sep' 'Nov' 'Dec']
month_number
[ 1 2 4 6 7 9 11 12]
season
['djf' 'djf' 'mam' 'jja' 'jja' 'son' 'son' 'djf']
season_number
[0 0 1 2 2 3 3 0]
year
[2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000]
"""
# most errors pop up when you try to add a coord that has
# previously been added, or the cube doesn't contain the
# necessary attribute.
ccube = cube.copy()
# numeric
try:
iccat.add_day_of_year(ccube, "time")
except AttributeError as err:
print(("add_time_coord_cats: {}, skipping . . . ".format(err)))
except ValueError as err:
print(("add_time_coord_cats: {}, skipping . . . ".format(err)))
try:
iccat.add_day_of_month(ccube, "time")
except AttributeError as err:
print(("add_time_coord_cats: {}, skipping . . . ".format(err)))
except ValueError as err:
print(("add_time_coord_cats: {}, skipping . . . ".format(err)))
try:
iccat.add_month_number(ccube, "time")
except AttributeError as err:
print(("add_time_coord_cats: {}, skipping . . . ".format(err)))
except ValueError as err:
print(("add_time_coord_cats: {}, skipping . . . ".format(err)))
try:
iccat.add_season_number(ccube, "time")
except AttributeError as err:
print(("add_time_coord_cats: {}, skipping . . . ".format(err)))
except ValueError as err:
print(("add_time_coord_cats: {}, skipping . . . ".format(err)))
try:
iccat.add_year(ccube, "time")
except AttributeError as err:
print(("add_time_coord_cats: {}, skipping . . . ".format(err)))
except ValueError as err:
print(("add_time_coord_cats: {}, skipping . . . ".format(err)))
# strings
try:
iccat.add_month(ccube, "time")
except AttributeError as err:
print(("add_time_coord_cats: {}, skipping . . . ".format(err)))
except ValueError as err:
print(("add_time_coord_cats: {}, skipping . . . ".format(err)))
try:
iccat.add_season(ccube, "time")
except AttributeError as err:
print(("add_time_coord_cats: {}, skipping . . . ".format(err)))
except ValueError as err:
print(("add_time_coord_cats: {}, skipping . . . ".format(err)))
return ccube
def mainfunc(run):
"""Main function in stratospheric assessment code."""
metrics = dict()
# Set up to only run for 10 year period (eventually)
year_cons = dict(from_dt=run['from_monthly'], to_dt=run['to_monthly'])
# Read zonal mean U (lbproc=192) and add month number to metadata
ucube = load_run_ss(
run, 'monthly', 'eastward_wind', lbproc=192, **year_cons)
# Although input data is a zonal mean, iris does not recognise it as such
# and just reads it as having a single longitudinal coordinate. This
# removes longitude as a dimension coordinate and makes it a scalar
# coordinate in line with how a zonal mean would be described.
# Is there a better way of doing this?
ucube_cds = [cdt.standard_name for cdt in ucube.coords()]
if 'longitude' in ucube_cds:
ucube = ucube.collapsed('longitude', iris.analysis.MEAN)
if not ucube.coord('latitude').has_bounds():
ucube.coord('latitude').guess_bounds()
# check for month_number
aux_coord_names = [aux_coord.var_name for aux_coord in ucube.aux_coords]
if 'month_number' not in aux_coord_names:
icc.add_month_number(ucube, 'time', name='month_number')
# Read zonal mean T (lbproc=192) and add clim month and season to metadata
tcube = load_run_ss(
run, 'monthly', 'air_temperature', lbproc=192,
**year_cons) # m01s30i204
# Although input data is a zonal mean, iris does not recognise it as such
# and just reads it as having a single longitudinal coordinate. This
# removes longitude as a dimension coordinate and makes it a scalar
# coordinate in line with how a zonal mean would be described.
# Is there a better way of doing this?
tcube_cds = [cdt.standard_name for cdt in tcube.coords()]
if 'longitude' in tcube_cds:
tcube = tcube.collapsed('longitude', iris.analysis.MEAN)
if not tcube.coord('latitude').has_bounds():
tcube.coord('latitude').guess_bounds()
aux_coord_names = [aux_coord.var_name for aux_coord in tcube.aux_coords]
if 'month' not in aux_coord_names:
icc.add_month(tcube, 'time', name='month')
if 'clim_season' not in aux_coord_names:
icc.add_season(tcube, 'time', name='clim_season')
# Read zonal mean q (lbproc=192) and add clim month and season to metadata
qcube = load_run_ss(
run, 'monthly', 'specific_humidity', lbproc=192,
**year_cons) # m01s30i205
# Although input data is a zonal mean, iris does not recognise it as such
# and just reads it as having a single longitudinal coordinate. This
# removes longitude as a dimension coordinate and makes it a scalar
# coordinate in line with how a zonal mean would be described.
# Is there a better way of doing this?
qcube_cds = [cdt.standard_name for cdt in qcube.coords()]
if 'longitude' in qcube_cds:
qcube = qcube.collapsed('longitude', iris.analysis.MEAN)
if not qcube.coord('latitude').has_bounds():
qcube.coord('latitude').guess_bounds()
aux_coord_names = [aux_coord.var_name for aux_coord in qcube.aux_coords]
if 'month' not in aux_coord_names:
icc.add_month(qcube, 'time', name='month')
if 'clim_season' not in aux_coord_names:
icc.add_season(qcube, 'time', name='clim_season')
# Calculate PNJ metrics
pnj_metrics(run, ucube, metrics)
# Calculate QBO metrics
qbo_metrics(run, ucube, metrics)
# Calculate polar temperature metrics
tpole_metrics(run, tcube, metrics)
# Calculate equatorial temperature metrics
teq_metrics(run, tcube, metrics)
# Calculate tropical temperature metrics
t_metrics(run, tcube, metrics)
# Calculate tropical water vapour metric
q_metrics(run, qcube, metrics)
# Summary metric
summary_metric(metrics)
# Make sure all metrics are of type float
# Need at the moment to populate metrics files
for key, value in metrics.items():
metrics[key] = float(value)
return metrics
def derive_variability(cube, runid, lon_range_pdo, lon_range_amo, savedir, remove_global_means, neofs, period_title=''):
sst_cube = cube.copy()
# mask the sea-ice regions
sst_cube = mask_ice(sst_cube)
sst_cube_monthanom, tmp_avg = remove_monthly_avg(sst_cube)
tpi_ts = tpi_timeseries(sst_cube_monthanom)
tpi_smooth = tpi_ts['tpi'].copy()
smooth_data = utilities_mr.smooth(tpi_ts['tpi'].data, window_len=156, window = 'hanning')
print len(smooth_data)
tpi_smooth.data[:len(smooth_data)] = smooth_data
#print 'tpi', tpi_ts['tpi']
#print 'reg2', tpi_ts['reg2']
file_out = os.path.join(savedir, runid+'_tpi_timeseries.nc')
tpi_ts['tpi'].long_name = 'TPI timeseries'
iris.save(tpi_ts['tpi'], file_out, netcdf_format="NETCDF3_CLASSIC")
#print 'sst cube for nino ',sst_cube
try:
icc.add_season(sst_cube, 'time', name='clim_season')
icc.add_season_year(sst_cube, 'time', name='season_year')
except:
pass
#print 'sst cube for nino ',sst_cube
#print 'sst cube for nino ',sst_cube.coord('clim_season')
sst_djf = sst_cube.extract(DJF_constraint)
nino_timeseries = nino34_timeseries(sst_djf)
nino_timeseries.long_name = 'NINO3.4 timeseries'
file_out = os.path.join(savedir, runid+'_nino34_timeseries'+period_title+'.nc')
iris.io.save(nino_timeseries,file_out, netcdf_format="NETCDF3_CLASSIC")
# calculate annual means
sst_ann = sst_cube.aggregated_by('year', iris.analysis.MEAN)
# mask out land when using surface temperature
if remove_global_means: sst_ann = remove_glob_avg(sst_ann)
# calculate PDO EOfs, timeseries and regression
pdo_pc = calculate_pdo_eof_timeseries(runid, sst_ann, savedir, lat_range_pdo, lon_range_pdo, neofs, remove_global_means, period_title)
#print 'pdo_pc ',pdo_pc
# calculate PDO SST regression and write file
pltdir = os.path.join(savedir, 'pdo_patterns/plts/gc2/')
if not os.path.exists(pltdir):
os.makedirs(pltdir)
pdofile = runid+'_pdo_eof1_pc_time_series_glob_mean_sst_removed'+period_title+'.nc'
pdo_cube = iris.load(savedir + pdofile)[0]
calc_regression(sst_ann, pltdir, pdo_cube, runid, 'PDO', period_title)
#calculate AMO timeseries
amo_timeseries = calc_amo_timeseries(sst_ann, runid, lon_range_amo, lat_range_amo)
amo_timeseries.long_name='AMO timeseries'
file_out = os.path.join(savedir, runid+'_amo_timeseries_trenberth'+period_title+'.nc')
iris.io.save(amo_timeseries,file_out, netcdf_format="NETCDF3_CLASSIC")
#calculate AMO regression and write files
amodir = os.path.join(savedir, 'amo')
if not os.path.exists(amodir): os.makedirs(amodir)
calculate_amo_regression(sst_ann, amo_timeseries, lon_range_amo, lat_range_amo, amodir, runid, period_title)
resol_model = ['HadISST']; title = 'HadISST'; desc_model = ['Nino3.4','AMO','PDO','TPI'];
ymin = [-3, -0.3, -0.2, -1.]
ymax = [3, 0.3, 0.2, 1.]
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8,11),dpi=100)#dpi=300
for i, ts in enumerate([nino_timeseries, amo_timeseries, pdo_pc, tpi_ts['tpi']]):
subpl=fig.add_subplot(4,1,i+1)
period = 'year'
if i == 3: period = 'month'
plot_timeseries(i, runid, ts, resol_model[0], desc_model[i], title, \
subpl, ymin[i], ymax[i], period = period)
plt.savefig(os.path.join(savedir,runid+'_modes_timeseries'+period_title+'.png'))
plt.show()
del sst_cube
def plot_vector_fields(u_path="", v_path="", u_name="vozocrtx", v_name="vomecrty", level=0):
name_constraint = iris.Constraint(cube_func=lambda c: c.var_name == u_name or c.var_name == v_name)
u_cube = iris.load_cube(u_path, constraint=name_constraint)
u_cube = u_cube.extract(iris.Constraint(model_level_number=u_cube.coord("model_level_number").points[level]))
v_cube = iris.load_cube(v_path, constraint=name_constraint)
v_cube = v_cube.extract(iris.Constraint(model_level_number=v_cube.coord("model_level_number").points[level]))
assert isinstance(u_cube, Cube)
#calculate seasonal means
coord_categorisation.add_season(u_cube, "time")
coord_categorisation.add_season(v_cube, "time")
u_cube_seasonal = u_cube.aggregated_by("season", analysis.MEAN)
v_cube_seasonal = v_cube.aggregated_by("season", analysis.MEAN)
#plot results
b, lons, lats = nemo_commons.get_basemap_and_coordinates_from_file(T_FILE_PATH, resolution="h")
x, y = b(lons, lats)
the_mask = nemo_commons.get_mask(path=os.path.join(EXP_DIR, "bathy_meter.nc"))
levels = np.arange(0, 0.11, 0.01)
bn = BoundaryNorm(levels, len(levels) - 1)
cmap = cm.get_cmap("Accent", len(levels) - 1)
for season in u_cube_seasonal.coord("season").points:
print(season)
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 4))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
ax.set_title(season.upper())
u = u_cube_seasonal.extract(iris.Constraint(season=season)).data
v = v_cube_seasonal.extract(iris.Constraint(season=season)).data
u = np.ma.masked_where(~the_mask, u)
v = np.ma.masked_where(~the_mask, v)
speed = np.sqrt(u ** 2 + v ** 2)
cs = b.pcolormesh(x, y, speed, norm=bn, vmin=levels[0], vmax=levels[-1], cmap=cmap)
b.colorbar(cs)
u, v = b.rotate_vector(u, v, lons, lats)
q = b.quiver(x, y, u, v, scale=1.5, width=0.002)
qk = plt.quiverkey(q, 0.15, 0.1, 0.05, '0.05 m/s', labelpos='W')
b.drawcoastlines(linewidth=cpp.COASTLINE_WIDTH)
fname = "{0}-{1}_{2}.jpeg".format(u_cube_seasonal.var_name, v_cube_seasonal.var_name, season)
if not os.path.isdir(NEMO_IMAGES_DIR):
os.mkdir(NEMO_IMAGES_DIR)
fig.tight_layout()
fig.savefig(os.path.join(NEMO_IMAGES_DIR, fname), dpi=cpp.FIG_SAVE_DPI)
#plot annual mean
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111)
fname = "{0}-{1}_{2}.jpeg".format(u_cube_seasonal.var_name, v_cube_seasonal.var_name, "annual")
u_annual = u_cube_seasonal.collapsed("season", analysis.MEAN).data
v_annual = v_cube_seasonal.collapsed("season", analysis.MEAN).data
u_annual = np.ma.masked_where(~the_mask, u_annual)
v_annual = np.ma.masked_where(~the_mask, v_annual)
fig.suptitle("Annual")
q = b.quiver(x, y, u_annual, v_annual, scale=1.5, width=0.002, zorder=5)
qk = plt.quiverkey(q, 0.15, 0.1, 0.05, '0.05 m/s', labelpos='W')
levels = np.arange(0, 0.15, 0.01)
bn = BoundaryNorm(levels, len(levels) - 1)
#cmap = my_colormaps.get_cmap_from_ncl_spec_file("colormap_files/wgne15.rgb", len(levels) - 1)
cmap = cm.get_cmap("Paired", len(levels) - 1)
cs = b.pcolormesh(x, y, np.sqrt(u_annual ** 2 + v_annual ** 2), cmap=cmap, norm=bn)
b.drawcoastlines(linewidth=cpp.COASTLINE_WIDTH)
b.colorbar(cs)
fig.tight_layout()
fig.savefig(os.path.join(NEMO_IMAGES_DIR, fname), dpi=cpp.FIG_SAVE_DPI)
def plot_cross_section_for_seasons(data_path="",
i_start=0,
j_start=0,
i_end=-1,
j_end=-1,
var_name=None):
name_constraint = iris.Constraint(
cube_func=lambda c: c.var_name == var_name)
data_cube = iris.load_cube(data_path, constraint=name_constraint)
fig = plt.figure()
impath = os.path.join(
NEMO_IMAGES_DIR,
"vert_sect_{0}_{1}_{2}_{3}_{4}.jpeg".format(var_name, i_start, j_start,
i_end, j_end))
#Add month_number coordinate
#coord_categorisation.add_month_number(cube, "time")
coord_categorisation.add_season(data_cube, "time")
cube_seasonal = data_cube.aggregated_by("season", analysis.MEAN)
nplots = cube_seasonal.shape[0]
ncols = 2
nrows = nplots // ncols if nplots % ncols == 0 else nplots // ncols + 1
b, lons, lats = nemo_commons.get_basemap_and_coordinates_from_file(
T_FILE_PATH, resolution="i")
print("lons shape: ", lons.shape)
gs = gridspec.GridSpec(ncols=ncols + 1,
nrows=nrows + 1,
width_ratios=[1, 1, 0.05],
hspace=0.3) # +1 for the colorbar and for map
bath_path = os.path.join(EXP_DIR, "bathy_meter.nc")
the_mask = nemo_commons.get_mask(path=bath_path)
depths = Dataset(T_FILE_PATH).variables["deptht"][:]
bathymetry = Dataset(bath_path).variables["Bathymetry"][:]
vert_mask = np.ma.masked_all(depths.shape + bathymetry.shape)
for lev, di in enumerate(depths):
not_mask_j, not_mask_i = np.where(di < bathymetry * 0.95)
vert_mask[lev, not_mask_j, not_mask_i] = 1
lons_sel, lats_sel = None, None
depths_2d = None
vmin = None
vmax = None
nx, ny = None, None
dists_2d = None
season_to_section = {}
for i, season in zip(list(range(nplots)),
cube_seasonal.coord("season").points):
data = cube_seasonal.extract(
iris.Constraint(season=season)).data.squeeze()
assert data.ndim == 3
_, ny, nx = data.shape
if i_end == -1:
i_end = nx - 1
if j_end == -1:
j_end = ny - 1
j_mask, i_mask = np.where(~the_mask)
print("mask shape: ", the_mask.shape)
print("data shape: ", data.shape)
data[:, j_mask, i_mask] = np.ma.masked
i_list, j_list = get_section_hor_indices(i_start=i_start,
i_end=i_end,
j_start=j_start,
j_end=j_end)
data_sel = data[:, j_list, i_list]
data_sel = np.ma.masked_where(vert_mask[:, j_list, i_list].mask,
data_sel)
print("data_sel shape: ", data_sel.shape)
if lons_sel is None:
lons_sel = lons[j_list, i_list]
lats_sel = lats[j_list, i_list]
p_start = (lats[j_start, i_start], lons[j_start, i_start])
dists = [
GreatCircleDistance(p_start, (the_lat, the_lon)).km
for the_lat, the_lon in zip(lats_sel, lons_sel)
]
dists_2d, depths_2d = np.meshgrid(dists, depths)
season_to_section[season] = data_sel
if vmin is None:
vmin = data_sel.min()
else:
vmin = min(vmin, data_sel.min())
if vmax is None:
vmax = data_sel.max()
else:
vmax = max(vmax, data_sel.max())
delta = 1.0
clevs = np.arange(np.floor(vmin), vmax + delta, delta)
cmap = cm.get_cmap("jet", len(clevs) - 1)
if clevs is not None:
bn = BoundaryNorm(clevs, len(clevs) - 1)
else:
bn = None
print("{0}: ".format(var_name), vmin, vmax)
cs = None
ax = None
for i, season in zip(list(range(nplots)),
cube_seasonal.coord("season").points):
print(season)
row = i // ncols
col = i % ncols
ax = fig.add_subplot(gs[row, col])
ax.set_title(season.upper())
data = season_to_section[season]
print(data.min(), data.max())
#to_plot = np.ma.masked_where(~the_mask, data)
#print to_plot.min(), to_plot.max()
#cs = ax.pcolormesh(dists_2d, depths_2d, data, norm = bn, cmap = cmap)
cs = ax.contourf(dists_2d, depths_2d, data, levels=clevs, cmap=cmap)
#cs = ax.pcolormesh(dists_2d, depths_2d, data, norm = bn, cmap = cmap)
#b.drawcoastlines(linewidth=cpp.COASTLINE_WIDTH)
#b.drawparallels(np.arange(-90, 90, 2))
#b.drawmeridians(np.arange(-180, 180, 2))
if col != 0:
ax.yaxis.set_ticks([])
ax.xaxis.set_ticks([])
assert isinstance(ax, Axes)
ax.invert_yaxis()
ax.set_ylim(80, 0) # Disregard areas deeper than 150 m
if row == 0 and col == 0:
ax.set_ylabel("Depth (m)", fontdict={"fontsize": 20})
cb = plt.colorbar(cs,
ticks=clevs[::2],
cax=fig.add_subplot(gs[:nrows, ncols]))
ax = fig.add_subplot(gs[nrows, :])
x, y = b(lons, lats)
b.drawcoastlines(linewidth=cpp.COASTLINE_WIDTH)
b.fillcontinents()
assert isinstance(ax, Axes)
ax.add_line(
Line2D([x[j_start, i_start], x[j_end, i_end]],
[y[j_start, i_start], y[j_end, i_end]],
linewidth=3))
fig.savefig(impath, bbox_inches="tight")
pass
def draw_seasonal_means_panel(path="", var_name="sosstsst"):
cube = iris.load_cube(path, constraint=iris.Constraint(cube_func=lambda c: c.var_name == var_name))
assert isinstance(cube, Cube)
#Add month_number coordinate
#coord_categorisation.add_month_number(cube, "time")
coord_categorisation.add_season(cube, "time")
cube_seasonal = cube.aggregated_by("season", analysis.MEAN)
print(cube_seasonal.shape)
#plot results
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(7, 4))
#fig.suptitle(cube.name() + " ({0})".format(cube.units))
nplots = cube_seasonal.shape[0]
ncols = 2
nrows = nplots // ncols if nplots % ncols == 0 else nplots // ncols + 1
b, lons, lats = nemo_commons.get_basemap_and_coordinates_from_file(T_FILE_PATH, resolution="i")
x, y = b(lons, lats)
gs = gridspec.GridSpec(ncols=ncols + 1, nrows=nrows, width_ratios=[1, 1, 0.05], wspace=0) # +1 for the colorbar
the_mask = nemo_commons.get_mask(path=os.path.join(EXP_DIR, "bathy_meter.nc"))
vmin = None
vmax = None
for i, season in zip(list(range(nplots)), cube_seasonal.coord("season").points):
data = cube_seasonal.extract(iris.Constraint(season=season)).data
the_min = data[the_mask].min()
the_max = np.percentile(data[the_mask], 95)
if vmin is None:
vmin, vmax = the_min, the_max
else:
vmin = min(the_min, vmin)
vmax = max(the_max, vmax)
print("{0}: ".format(var_name), vmin, vmax)
cs = None
for i, season in zip(list(range(nplots)), cube_seasonal.coord("season").points):
print(season)
row = i // ncols
col = i % ncols
ax = fig.add_subplot(gs[row, col])
ax.set_title(season.upper())
data = cube_seasonal.extract(iris.Constraint(season=season)).data
#plot only upper level of the 3d field if given
if data.ndim > 2:
if data.shape[1:] == x.shape:
data = data[0, :, :]
else:
data = data[:, :, 0]
to_plot = np.ma.masked_where(~the_mask, data)
print(to_plot.min(), to_plot.max())
cs = b.pcolormesh(x, y, to_plot, ax=ax, vmin=vmin, vmax=vmax, cmap=cm.get_cmap("jet", 20))
b.drawcoastlines(linewidth=cpp.COASTLINE_WIDTH)
b.drawparallels(np.arange(-90, 90, 2))
b.drawmeridians(np.arange(-180, 180, 2))
plt.colorbar(cs, cax=fig.add_subplot(gs[:, ncols]))
fname = "{0}_{1}.jpeg".format(cube_seasonal.var_name, "-".join(cube_seasonal.coord("season").points))
if not os.path.isdir(NEMO_IMAGES_DIR):
os.mkdir(NEMO_IMAGES_DIR)
fig.tight_layout()
fig.savefig(os.path.join(NEMO_IMAGES_DIR, fname), dpi=cpp.FIG_SAVE_DPI)
def draw_seasonal_means_panel(path="", var_name="sosstsst"):
cube = iris.load_cube(
path,
constraint=iris.Constraint(cube_func=lambda c: c.var_name == var_name))
assert isinstance(cube, Cube)
#Add month_number coordinate
#coord_categorisation.add_month_number(cube, "time")
coord_categorisation.add_season(cube, "time")
cube_seasonal = cube.aggregated_by("season", analysis.MEAN)
print(cube_seasonal.shape)
#plot results
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(7, 4))
#fig.suptitle(cube.name() + " ({0})".format(cube.units))
nplots = cube_seasonal.shape[0]
ncols = 2
nrows = nplots // ncols if nplots % ncols == 0 else nplots // ncols + 1
b, lons, lats = nemo_commons.get_basemap_and_coordinates_from_file(
T_FILE_PATH, resolution="i")
x, y = b(lons, lats)
gs = gridspec.GridSpec(ncols=ncols + 1,
nrows=nrows,
width_ratios=[1, 1, 0.05],
wspace=0) # +1 for the colorbar
the_mask = nemo_commons.get_mask(
path=os.path.join(EXP_DIR, "bathy_meter.nc"))
vmin = None
vmax = None
for i, season in zip(list(range(nplots)),
cube_seasonal.coord("season").points):
data = cube_seasonal.extract(iris.Constraint(season=season)).data
the_min = data[the_mask].min()
the_max = np.percentile(data[the_mask], 95)
if vmin is None:
vmin, vmax = the_min, the_max
else:
vmin = min(the_min, vmin)
vmax = max(the_max, vmax)
print("{0}: ".format(var_name), vmin, vmax)
cs = None
for i, season in zip(list(range(nplots)),
cube_seasonal.coord("season").points):
print(season)
row = i // ncols
col = i % ncols
ax = fig.add_subplot(gs[row, col])
ax.set_title(season.upper())
data = cube_seasonal.extract(iris.Constraint(season=season)).data
#plot only upper level of the 3d field if given
if data.ndim > 2:
if data.shape[1:] == x.shape:
data = data[0, :, :]
else:
data = data[:, :, 0]
to_plot = np.ma.masked_where(~the_mask, data)
print(to_plot.min(), to_plot.max())
cs = b.pcolormesh(x,
y,
to_plot,
ax=ax,
vmin=vmin,
vmax=vmax,
cmap=cm.get_cmap("jet", 20))
b.drawcoastlines(linewidth=cpp.COASTLINE_WIDTH)
b.drawparallels(np.arange(-90, 90, 2))
b.drawmeridians(np.arange(-180, 180, 2))
plt.colorbar(cs, cax=fig.add_subplot(gs[:, ncols]))
fname = "{0}_{1}.jpeg".format(
cube_seasonal.var_name, "-".join(cube_seasonal.coord("season").points))
if not os.path.isdir(NEMO_IMAGES_DIR):
os.mkdir(NEMO_IMAGES_DIR)
fig.tight_layout()
fig.savefig(os.path.join(NEMO_IMAGES_DIR, fname), dpi=cpp.FIG_SAVE_DPI)
def plot_cross_section_for_seasons(data_path = "", i_start = 0, j_start = 0, i_end = -1, j_end = -1,
var_name = None):
name_constraint = iris.Constraint(cube_func=lambda c: c.var_name == var_name)
data_cube = iris.load_cube(data_path, constraint=name_constraint)
fig = plt.figure()
impath = os.path.join(NEMO_IMAGES_DIR, "vert_sect_{0}_{1}_{2}_{3}_{4}.jpeg".format(var_name,
i_start, j_start,
i_end, j_end))
#Add month_number coordinate
#coord_categorisation.add_month_number(cube, "time")
coord_categorisation.add_season(data_cube, "time")
cube_seasonal = data_cube.aggregated_by("season", analysis.MEAN)
nplots = cube_seasonal.shape[0]
ncols = 2
nrows = nplots // ncols if nplots % ncols == 0 else nplots // ncols + 1
b, lons, lats = nemo_commons.get_basemap_and_coordinates_from_file(T_FILE_PATH, resolution="i")
print("lons shape: ", lons.shape)
gs = gridspec.GridSpec(ncols=ncols + 1, nrows=nrows + 1, width_ratios=[1, 1, 0.05], hspace=0.3) # +1 for the colorbar and for map
bath_path = os.path.join(EXP_DIR, "bathy_meter.nc")
the_mask = nemo_commons.get_mask(path=bath_path)
depths = Dataset(T_FILE_PATH).variables["deptht"][:]
bathymetry = Dataset(bath_path).variables["Bathymetry"][:]
vert_mask = np.ma.masked_all(depths.shape + bathymetry.shape)
for lev, di in enumerate(depths):
not_mask_j, not_mask_i = np.where(di < bathymetry * 0.95)
vert_mask[lev, not_mask_j, not_mask_i] = 1
lons_sel, lats_sel = None, None
depths_2d = None
vmin = None
vmax = None
nx, ny = None, None
dists_2d = None
season_to_section = {}
for i, season in zip(list(range(nplots)), cube_seasonal.coord("season").points):
data = cube_seasonal.extract(iris.Constraint(season=season)).data.squeeze()
assert data.ndim == 3
_, ny, nx = data.shape
if i_end == -1:
i_end = nx - 1
if j_end == -1:
j_end = ny - 1
j_mask, i_mask = np.where(~the_mask)
print("mask shape: ", the_mask.shape)
print("data shape: ", data.shape)
data[:, j_mask, i_mask] = np.ma.masked
i_list, j_list = get_section_hor_indices(i_start=i_start, i_end = i_end, j_start=j_start, j_end=j_end)
data_sel = data[:, j_list, i_list]
data_sel = np.ma.masked_where(vert_mask[:, j_list, i_list].mask, data_sel)
print("data_sel shape: ", data_sel.shape)
if lons_sel is None:
lons_sel = lons[j_list, i_list]
lats_sel = lats[j_list, i_list]
p_start = (lats[j_start, i_start], lons[j_start, i_start])
dists = [GreatCircleDistance(p_start, (the_lat, the_lon)).km
for the_lat, the_lon in zip(lats_sel, lons_sel)]
dists_2d, depths_2d = np.meshgrid(dists, depths)
season_to_section[season] = data_sel
if vmin is None:
vmin = data_sel.min()
else:
vmin = min(vmin, data_sel.min())
if vmax is None:
vmax = data_sel.max()
else:
vmax = max(vmax, data_sel.max())
delta = 1.0
clevs = np.arange(np.floor(vmin), vmax + delta, delta)
cmap = cm.get_cmap("jet", len(clevs) - 1)
if clevs is not None:
bn = BoundaryNorm(clevs, len(clevs) - 1)
else:
bn = None
print("{0}: ".format(var_name), vmin, vmax)
cs = None
ax = None
for i, season in zip(list(range(nplots)), cube_seasonal.coord("season").points):
print(season)
row = i // ncols
col = i % ncols
ax = fig.add_subplot(gs[row, col])
ax.set_title(season.upper())
data = season_to_section[season]
print(data.min(), data.max())
#to_plot = np.ma.masked_where(~the_mask, data)
#print to_plot.min(), to_plot.max()
#cs = ax.pcolormesh(dists_2d, depths_2d, data, norm = bn, cmap = cmap)
cs = ax.contourf(dists_2d, depths_2d, data, levels = clevs, cmap = cmap)
#cs = ax.pcolormesh(dists_2d, depths_2d, data, norm = bn, cmap = cmap)
#b.drawcoastlines(linewidth=cpp.COASTLINE_WIDTH)
#b.drawparallels(np.arange(-90, 90, 2))
#b.drawmeridians(np.arange(-180, 180, 2))
if col != 0:
ax.yaxis.set_ticks([])
ax.xaxis.set_ticks([])
assert isinstance(ax, Axes)
ax.invert_yaxis()
ax.set_ylim(80, 0) # Disregard areas deeper than 150 m
if row == 0 and col == 0:
ax.set_ylabel("Depth (m)", fontdict={"fontsize": 20})
cb = plt.colorbar(cs, ticks = clevs[::2], cax = fig.add_subplot(gs[:nrows, ncols]))
ax = fig.add_subplot(gs[nrows, :])
x, y = b(lons, lats)
b.drawcoastlines(linewidth=cpp.COASTLINE_WIDTH)
b.fillcontinents()
assert isinstance(ax, Axes)
ax.add_line(Line2D([x[j_start, i_start], x[j_end, i_end]],
[y[j_start, i_start], y[j_end, i_end]], linewidth=3))
fig.savefig(impath, bbox_inches = "tight")
pass