# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ Created on Mon Jan 18 10:50:32 2016 @author: zhangbo """ from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier import numpy as np import mnist_test # 提取数据 mnistData = mnist_test.load_data() training_inputs = mnistData['training_inputs'] training_labels = mnistData['training_labels'] test_inputs = mnistData['test_inputs'] test_labels = mnistData['test_labels'] neighborModel = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=7) neighborModel.fit(training_inputs, training_labels) zz = neighborModel.predict(test_inputs) testError = sum(zz == test_labels) / float(len(test_labels)) print "错误率为：%f" % testError # 0.96 #X = np.array([[-1, -1], [-2, -1], [-3, -2], [1, 1], [2, 1], [3, 2]])
def test_mlp(learning_rate=0.01, L1_reg=0.00, L2_reg=0.0001, n_epochs=1000,
dataset='mnist.pkl.gz', batch_size=20, n_hidden=500):
"""
Demonstrate stochastic gradient descent optimization for a multilayer
perceptron
This is demonstrated on MNIST.
:type learning_rate: float
:param learning_rate: learning rate used (factor for the stochastic
gradient
:type L1_reg: float
:param L1_reg: L1-norm's weight when added to the cost (see
regularization)
:type L2_reg: float
:param L2_reg: L2-norm's weight when added to the cost (see
regularization)
:type n_epochs: int
:param n_epochs: maximal number of epochs to run the optimizer
:type dataset: string
:param dataset: the path of the MNIST dataset file from
http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~lisa/deep/data/mnist/mnist.pkl.gz
"""
datasets = load_data(dataset)
train_set_x, train_set_y = datasets[0]
valid_set_x, valid_set_y = datasets[1]
test_set_x, test_set_y = datasets[2]
# compute number of minibatches for training, validation and testing
n_train_batches = train_set_x.get_value(borrow=True).shape[0] / batch_size
n_valid_batches = valid_set_x.get_value(borrow=True).shape[0] / batch_size
n_test_batches = test_set_x.get_value(borrow=True).shape[0] / batch_size
######################
# BUILD ACTUAL MODEL #
######################
print '... building the model'
# allocate symbolic variables for the data
index = T.lscalar() # index to a [mini]batch
x = T.matrix('x') # the data is presented as rasterized images
y = T.ivector('y') # the labels are presented as 1D vector of
# [int] labels
rng = numpy.random.RandomState(1234)
# construct the MLP class
classifier = MLP(
rng=rng,
input=x,
n_in=28 * 28,
n_hidden=n_hidden,
n_out=10
)
# start-snippet-4
# the cost we minimize during training is the negative log likelihood of
# the model plus the regularization terms (L1 and L2); cost is expressed
# here symbolically
cost = (
classifier.negative_log_likelihood(y)
+ L1_reg * classifier.L1
+ L2_reg * classifier.L2_sqr
)
# end-snippet-4
# compiling a Theano function that computes the mistakes that are made
# by the model on a minibatch
test_model = theano.function(
inputs=[index],
outputs=classifier.errors(y),
givens={
x: test_set_x[index * batch_size:(index + 1) * batch_size],
y: test_set_y[index * batch_size:(index + 1) * batch_size]
}
)
validate_model = theano.function(
inputs=[index],
outputs=classifier.errors(y),
givens={
x: valid_set_x[index * batch_size:(index + 1) * batch_size],
y: valid_set_y[index * batch_size:(index + 1) * batch_size]
}
)
# start-snippet-5
# compute the gradient of cost with respect to theta (sotred in params)
# the resulting gradients will be stored in a list gparams
gparams = [T.grad(cost, param) for param in classifier.params]
# specify how to update the parameters of the model as a list of
# (variable, update expression) pairs
# given two lists of the same length, A = [a1, a2, a3, a4] and
# B = [b1, b2, b3, b4], zip generates a list C of same size, where each
# element is a pair formed from the two lists :
# C = [(a1, b1), (a2, b2), (a3, b3), (a4, b4)]
updates = [
(param, param - learning_rate * gparam)
for param, gparam in zip(classifier.params, gparams)
]
# compiling a Theano function `train_model` that returns the cost, but
# in the same time updates the parameter of the model based on the rules
# defined in `updates`
train_model = theano.function(
inputs=[index],
outputs=cost,
updates=updates,
givens={
x: train_set_x[index * batch_size: (index + 1) * batch_size],
y: train_set_y[index * batch_size: (index + 1) * batch_size]
}
)
# end-snippet-5
###############
# TRAIN MODEL #
###############
print '... training'
# early-stopping parameters
patience = 10000 # look as this many examples regardless
patience_increase = 2 # wait this much longer when a new best is
# found
improvement_threshold = 0.995 # a relative improvement of this much is
# considered significant
validation_frequency = min(n_train_batches, patience / 2)
# go through this many
# minibatche before checking the network
# on the validation set; in this case we
# check every epoch
best_validation_loss = numpy.inf
best_iter = 0
test_score = 0.
start_time = timeit.default_timer()
epoch = 0
done_looping = False
while (epoch < n_epochs) and (not done_looping):
epoch = epoch + 1
for minibatch_index in xrange(n_train_batches):
minibatch_avg_cost = train_model(minibatch_index)
# iteration number
iter = (epoch - 1) * n_train_batches + minibatch_index
if (iter + 1) % validation_frequency == 0:
# compute zero-one loss on validation set
validation_losses = [validate_model(i) for i
in xrange(n_valid_batches)]
this_validation_loss = numpy.mean(validation_losses)
print(
'epoch %i, minibatch %i/%i, validation error %f %%' %
(
epoch,
minibatch_index + 1,
n_train_batches,
this_validation_loss * 100.
)
)
# if we got the best validation score until now
if this_validation_loss < best_validation_loss:
#improve patience if loss improvement is good enough
if (
this_validation_loss < best_validation_loss *
improvement_threshold
):
patience = max(patience, iter * patience_increase)
best_validation_loss = this_validation_loss
best_iter = iter
# test it on the test set
test_losses = [test_model(i) for i
in xrange(n_test_batches)]
test_score = numpy.mean(test_losses)
print((' epoch %i, minibatch %i/%i, test error of '
'best model %f %%') %
(epoch, minibatch_index + 1, n_train_batches,
test_score * 100.))
if patience <= iter:
done_looping = True
break
end_time = timeit.default_timer()
print(('Optimization complete. Best validation score of %f %% '
'obtained at iteration %i, with test performance %f %%') %
(best_validation_loss * 100., best_iter + 1, test_score * 100.))
print >> sys.stderr, ('The code for file ' +
os.path.split(__file__)[1] +
' ran for %.2fm' % ((end_time - start_time) / 60.))
def test_mlp(learning_rate=0.01,
L1_reg=0.00,
L2_reg=0.0001,
n_epochs=1000,
dataset='mnist.pkl.gz',
batch_size=20,
n_hidden=500):
"""
Demonstrate stochastic gradient descent optimization for a multilayer
perceptron
This is demonstrated on MNIST.
:type learning_rate: float
:param learning_rate: learning rate used (factor for the stochastic
gradient
:type L1_reg: float
:param L1_reg: L1-norm's weight when added to the cost (see
regularization)
:type L2_reg: float
:param L2_reg: L2-norm's weight when added to the cost (see
regularization)
:type n_epochs: int
:param n_epochs: maximal number of epochs to run the optimizer
:type dataset: string
:param dataset: the path of the MNIST dataset file from
http://www.iro.umontreal.ca/~lisa/deep/data/mnist/mnist.pkl.gz
"""
datasets = load_data(dataset)
train_set_x, train_set_y = datasets[0]
valid_set_x, valid_set_y = datasets[1]
test_set_x, test_set_y = datasets[2]
# compute number of minibatches for training, validation and testing
n_train_batches = train_set_x.get_value(borrow=True).shape[0] / batch_size
n_valid_batches = valid_set_x.get_value(borrow=True).shape[0] / batch_size
n_test_batches = test_set_x.get_value(borrow=True).shape[0] / batch_size
######################
# BUILD ACTUAL MODEL #
######################
print '... building the model'
# allocate symbolic variables for the data
index = T.lscalar() # index to a [mini]batch
x = T.matrix('x') # the data is presented as rasterized images
y = T.ivector('y') # the labels are presented as 1D vector of
# [int] labels
rng = numpy.random.RandomState(1234)
# construct the MLP class
classifier = MLP(rng=rng,
input=x,
n_in=28 * 28,
n_hidden=n_hidden,
n_out=10)
# start-snippet-4
# the cost we minimize during training is the negative log likelihood of
# the model plus the regularization terms (L1 and L2); cost is expressed
# here symbolically
cost = (classifier.negative_log_likelihood(y) + L1_reg * classifier.L1 +
L2_reg * classifier.L2_sqr)
# end-snippet-4
# compiling a Theano function that computes the mistakes that are made
# by the model on a minibatch
test_model = theano.function(
inputs=[index],
outputs=classifier.errors(y),
givens={
x: test_set_x[index * batch_size:(index + 1) * batch_size],
y: test_set_y[index * batch_size:(index + 1) * batch_size]
})
validate_model = theano.function(
inputs=[index],
outputs=classifier.errors(y),
givens={
x: valid_set_x[index * batch_size:(index + 1) * batch_size],
y: valid_set_y[index * batch_size:(index + 1) * batch_size]
})
# start-snippet-5
# compute the gradient of cost with respect to theta (sotred in params)
# the resulting gradients will be stored in a list gparams
gparams = [T.grad(cost, param) for param in classifier.params]
# specify how to update the parameters of the model as a list of
# (variable, update expression) pairs
# given two lists of the same length, A = [a1, a2, a3, a4] and
# B = [b1, b2, b3, b4], zip generates a list C of same size, where each
# element is a pair formed from the two lists :
# C = [(a1, b1), (a2, b2), (a3, b3), (a4, b4)]
updates = [(param, param - learning_rate * gparam)
for param, gparam in zip(classifier.params, gparams)]
# compiling a Theano function `train_model` that returns the cost, but
# in the same time updates the parameter of the model based on the rules
# defined in `updates`
train_model = theano.function(
inputs=[index],
outputs=cost,
updates=updates,
givens={
x: train_set_x[index * batch_size:(index + 1) * batch_size],
y: train_set_y[index * batch_size:(index + 1) * batch_size]
})
# end-snippet-5
###############
# TRAIN MODEL #
###############
print '... training'
# early-stopping parameters
patience = 10000 # look as this many examples regardless
patience_increase = 2 # wait this much longer when a new best is
# found
improvement_threshold = 0.995 # a relative improvement of this much is
# considered significant
validation_frequency = min(n_train_batches, patience / 2)
# go through this many
# minibatche before checking the network
# on the validation set; in this case we
# check every epoch
best_validation_loss = numpy.inf
best_iter = 0
test_score = 0.
start_time = timeit.default_timer()
epoch = 0
done_looping = False
while (epoch < n_epochs) and (not done_looping):
epoch = epoch + 1
for minibatch_index in xrange(n_train_batches):
minibatch_avg_cost = train_model(minibatch_index)
# iteration number
iter = (epoch - 1) * n_train_batches + minibatch_index
if (iter + 1) % validation_frequency == 0:
# compute zero-one loss on validation set
validation_losses = [
validate_model(i) for i in xrange(n_valid_batches)
]
this_validation_loss = numpy.mean(validation_losses)
print('epoch %i, minibatch %i/%i, validation error %f %%' %
(epoch, minibatch_index + 1, n_train_batches,
this_validation_loss * 100.))
# if we got the best validation score until now
if this_validation_loss < best_validation_loss:
#improve patience if loss improvement is good enough
if (this_validation_loss <
best_validation_loss * improvement_threshold):
patience = max(patience, iter * patience_increase)
best_validation_loss = this_validation_loss
best_iter = iter
# test it on the test set
test_losses = [
test_model(i) for i in xrange(n_test_batches)
]
test_score = numpy.mean(test_losses)
print((' epoch %i, minibatch %i/%i, test error of '
'best model %f %%') %
(epoch, minibatch_index + 1, n_train_batches,
test_score * 100.))
if patience <= iter:
done_looping = True
break
end_time = timeit.default_timer()
print(('Optimization complete. Best validation score of %f %% '
'obtained at iteration %i, with test performance %f %%') %
(best_validation_loss * 100., best_iter + 1, test_score * 100.))
print >> sys.stderr, ('The code for file ' + os.path.split(__file__)[1] +
' ran for %.2fm' % ((end_time - start_time) / 60.))
def test_DBN(
finetune_lr=1.0,
pretraining_epochs=0,
pretrain_lr=0.01,
k=1,
training_epochs=100,
dataset="mnist.pkl.gz",
batch_size=10,
):
"""
Demonstrates how to train and test a Deep Belief Network.
This is demonstrated on MNIST.
:type finetune_lr: float
:param finetune_lr: learning rate used in the finetune stage
:type pretraining_epochs: int
:param pretraining_epochs: number of epoch to do pretraining
:type pretrain_lr: float
:param pretrain_lr: learning rate to be used during pre-training
:type k: int
:param k: number of Gibbs steps in CD/PCD
:type training_epochs: int
:param training_epochs: maximal number of iterations ot run the optimizer
:type dataset: string
:param dataset: path the the pickled dataset
:type batch_size: int
:param batch_size: the size of a minibatch
"""
datasets = load_data(dataset)
train_set_x, train_set_y = datasets[0]
valid_set_x, valid_set_y = datasets[1]
test_set_x, test_set_y = datasets[2]
# compute number of minibatches for training, validation and testing
n_train_batches = train_set_x.get_value(borrow=True).shape[0] / batch_size
# numpy random generator
numpy_rng = numpy.random.RandomState(123)
print "... building the model"
# construct the Deep Belief Network
dbn = DBN(numpy_rng=numpy_rng, n_ins=28 * 28, hidden_layers_sizes=[512, 256, 64], n_outs=10)
# start-snippet-2
#########################
# PRETRAINING THE MODEL #
#########################
print "... getting the pretraining functions"
pretraining_fns = dbn.pretraining_functions(train_set_x=train_set_x, batch_size=batch_size, k=k)
print "... pre-training the model"
start_time = timeit.default_timer()
## Pre-train layer-wise
for i in xrange(dbn.n_layers):
# go through pretraining epochs
for epoch in xrange(pretraining_epochs):
# go through the training set
c = []
for batch_index in xrange(n_train_batches):
c.append(pretraining_fns[i](index=batch_index, lr=pretrain_lr))
print "Pre-training layer %i, epoch %d, cost " % (i, epoch),
print numpy.mean(c)
end_time = timeit.default_timer()
# end-snippet-2
print >> sys.stderr, (
"The pretraining code for file "
+ os.path.split(__file__)[1]
+ " ran for %.2fm" % ((end_time - start_time) / 60.0)
)
########################
# FINETUNING THE MODEL #
########################
# get the training, validation and testing function for the model
print "... getting the finetuning functions"
train_fn, validate_model, test_model = dbn.build_finetune_functions(
datasets=datasets,
batch_size=batch_size,
batch_size_t=batch_size,
batch_size_v=batch_size,
learning_rate=finetune_lr,
)
print "... finetuning the model"
# early-stopping parameters
patience = 4 * n_train_batches # look as this many examples regardless
patience_increase = 10 # wait this much longer when a new best is
# found
improvement_threshold = 0.995 # a relative improvement of this much is
# considered significant
validation_frequency = min(n_train_batches, patience / 2)
# go through this many
# minibatches before checking the network
# on the validation set; in this case we
# check every epoch
best_validation_loss = numpy.inf
test_score = 0.0
start_time = timeit.default_timer()
done_looping = False
epoch = 0
while (epoch < training_epochs) and (not done_looping):
epoch = epoch + 1
for minibatch_index in xrange(n_train_batches):
minibatch_avg_cost = train_fn(minibatch_index)
iter = (epoch - 1) * n_train_batches + minibatch_index
if (iter + 1) % validation_frequency == 0:
validation_losses = validate_model()
this_validation_loss = numpy.mean(validation_losses)
print (
"epoch %i, minibatch %i/%i, validation error %f %%"
% (epoch, minibatch_index + 1, n_train_batches, this_validation_loss * 100.0)
)
# if we got the best validation score until now
if this_validation_loss < best_validation_loss:
# improve patience if loss improvement is good enough
if this_validation_loss < best_validation_loss * improvement_threshold:
patience = max(patience, iter * patience_increase)
# save best validation score and iteration number
best_validation_loss = this_validation_loss
best_iter = iter
# test it on the test set
test_losses = test_model()
test_score = numpy.mean(test_losses)
print (
(" epoch %i, minibatch %i/%i, test error of " "best model %f %%")
% (epoch, minibatch_index + 1, n_train_batches, test_score * 100.0)
)
if patience <= iter:
done_looping = True
break
end_time = timeit.default_timer()
print (
(
"Optimization complete with best validation score of %f %%, "
"obtained at iteration %i, "
"with test performance %f %%"
)
% (best_validation_loss * 100.0, best_iter + 1, test_score * 100.0)
)
print >> sys.stderr, (
"The fine tuning code for file "
+ os.path.split(__file__)[1]
+ " ran for %.2fm" % ((end_time - start_time) / 60.0)
)
def test_rbm(learning_rate=0.1, training_epochs=15,
dataset='mnist.pkl.gz', batch_size=20,
n_chains=20, n_samples=10, output_folder='rbm_plots',
n_hidden=500):
"""
Demonstrate how to train and afterwards sample from it using Theano.
This is demonstrated on MNIST.
:param learning_rate: learning rate used for training the RBM
:param training_epochs: number of epochs used for training
:param dataset: path the the pickled dataset
:param batch_size: size of a batch used to train the RBM
:param n_chains: number of parallel Gibbs chains to be used for sampling
:param n_samples: number of samples to plot for each chain
"""
datasets = load_data(dataset)
train_set_x, train_set_y = datasets[0]
test_set_x, test_set_y = datasets[2]
# compute number of minibatches for training, validation and testing
n_train_batches = train_set_x.get_value(borrow=True).shape[0] / batch_size
# allocate symbolic variables for the data
index = T.lscalar() # index to a [mini]batch
x = T.matrix('x') # the data is presented as rasterized images
rng = numpy.random.RandomState(123)
theano_rng = RandomStreams(rng.randint(2 ** 30))
# initialize storage for the persistent chain (state = hidden
# layer of chain)
persistent_chain = theano.shared(numpy.zeros((batch_size, n_hidden),
dtype=theano.config.floatX),
borrow=True)
# construct the RBM class
rbm = RBM(input=x, n_visible=28 * 28,
n_hidden=n_hidden, numpy_rng=rng, theano_rng=theano_rng)
# get the cost and the gradient corresponding to one step of CD-15
cost, updates = rbm.get_cost_updates(lr=learning_rate,
persistent=persistent_chain, k=15)
#################################
# Training the RBM #
#################################
if not os.path.isdir(output_folder):
os.makedirs(output_folder)
os.chdir(output_folder)
# start-snippet-5
# it is ok for a theano function to have no output
# the purpose of train_rbm is solely to update the RBM parameters
train_rbm = theano.function(
[index],
cost,
updates=updates,
givens={
x: train_set_x[index * batch_size: (index + 1) * batch_size]
},
name='train_rbm'
)
plotting_time = 0.
start_time = timeit.default_timer()
# go through training epochs
for epoch in xrange(training_epochs):
# go through the training set
mean_cost = []
for batch_index in xrange(n_train_batches):
mean_cost += [train_rbm(batch_index)]
print 'Training epoch %d, cost is ' % epoch, numpy.mean(mean_cost)
# Plot filters after each training epoch
plotting_start = timeit.default_timer()
# Construct image from the weight matrix
image = Image.fromarray(
tile_raster_images(
X=rbm.W.get_value(borrow=True).T,
img_shape=(28, 28),
tile_shape=(10, 10),
tile_spacing=(1, 1)
)
)
image.save('filters_at_epoch_%i.png' % epoch)
plotting_stop = timeit.default_timer()
plotting_time += (plotting_stop - plotting_start)
end_time = timeit.default_timer()
pretraining_time = (end_time - start_time) - plotting_time
print ('Training took %f minutes' % (pretraining_time / 60.))
# end-snippet-5 start-snippet-6
#################################
# Sampling from the RBM #
#################################
# find out the number of test samples
number_of_test_samples = test_set_x.get_value(borrow=True).shape[0]
# pick random test examples, with which to initialize the persistent chain
test_idx = rng.randint(number_of_test_samples - n_chains)
persistent_vis_chain = theano.shared(
numpy.asarray(
test_set_x.get_value(borrow=True)[test_idx:test_idx + n_chains],
dtype=theano.config.floatX
)
)
# end-snippet-6 start-snippet-7
plot_every = 1000
# define one step of Gibbs sampling (mf = mean-field) define a
# function that does `plot_every` steps before returning the
# sample for plotting
(
[
presig_hids,
hid_mfs,
hid_samples,
presig_vis,
vis_mfs,
vis_samples
],
updates
) = theano.scan(
rbm.gibbs_vhv,
outputs_info=[None, None, None, None, None, persistent_vis_chain],
n_steps=plot_every
)
# add to updates the shared variable that takes care of our persistent
# chain :.
updates.update({persistent_vis_chain: vis_samples[-1]})
# construct the function that implements our persistent chain.
# we generate the "mean field" activations for plotting and the actual
# samples for reinitializing the state of our persistent chain
sample_fn = theano.function(
[],
[
vis_mfs[-1],
vis_samples[-1]
],
updates=updates,
name='sample_fn'
)
# create a space to store the image for plotting ( we need to leave
# room for the tile_spacing as well)
image_data = numpy.zeros(
(29 * n_samples + 1, 29 * n_chains - 1),
dtype='uint8'
)
for idx in xrange(n_samples):
# generate `plot_every` intermediate samples that we discard,
# because successive samples in the chain are too correlated
vis_mf, vis_sample = sample_fn()
print ' ... plotting sample ', idx
image_data[29 * idx:29 * idx + 28, :] = tile_raster_images(
X=vis_mf,
img_shape=(28, 28),
tile_shape=(1, n_chains),
tile_spacing=(1, 1)
)
# construct image
image = Image.fromarray(image_data)
image.save('samples.png')
# end-snippet-7
os.chdir('../')
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import division
import os
import struct
import numpy as np
import tensorflow as tf
from mnist_test import load_data
test_data_file = '../mnist_database/t10k-images-idx3-ubyte'
test_label_file = '../mnist_database/t10k-labels-idx1-ubyte'
train_data_file = '../mnist_database/train-images-idx3-ubyte'
train_label_file = '../mnist_database/train-labels-idx1-ubyte'
train_data = load_data(train_data_file, 'data')
train_label = load_data(train_label_file, 'label')
test_data = load_data(test_data_file, 'data')
test_label = load_data(test_label_file, 'label')
class Softmax():
def __init__(self):
pass
def initialize(self):
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, (784, None), name = 'x')
y_ = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, (10, None))
W = tf.Variable(tf.zeros((10, 784)))
b = tf.Variable(tf.zeros((10, 1)))
y = tf.nn.softmax(tf.matmul(W, x) + b)
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ Created on Mon Jan 18 10:50:32 2016 @author: zhangbo """ from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier import numpy as np import mnist_test # 提取数据 mnistData = mnist_test.load_data() training_inputs = mnistData['training_inputs'] training_labels = mnistData['training_labels'] test_inputs = mnistData['test_inputs'] test_labels = mnistData['test_labels'] neighborModel = KNeighborsClassifier(n_neighbors=7) neighborModel.fit(training_inputs, training_labels) zz = neighborModel.predict(test_inputs) testError = sum(zz == test_labels) / float(len(test_labels)) print "错误率为：%f" %testError # 0.96
def test_rbm(learning_rate=0.1,
training_epochs=15,
dataset='mnist.pkl.gz',
batch_size=20,
n_chains=20,
n_samples=10,
output_folder='rbm_plots',
n_hidden=500):
"""
Demonstrate how to train and afterwards sample from it using Theano.
This is demonstrated on MNIST.
:param learning_rate: learning rate used for training the RBM
:param training_epochs: number of epochs used for training
:param dataset: path the the pickled dataset
:param batch_size: size of a batch used to train the RBM
:param n_chains: number of parallel Gibbs chains to be used for sampling
:param n_samples: number of samples to plot for each chain
"""
datasets = load_data(dataset)
train_set_x, train_set_y = datasets[0]
test_set_x, test_set_y = datasets[2]
# compute number of minibatches for training, validation and testing
n_train_batches = train_set_x.get_value(borrow=True).shape[0] / batch_size
# allocate symbolic variables for the data
index = T.lscalar() # index to a [mini]batch
x = T.matrix('x') # the data is presented as rasterized images
rng = numpy.random.RandomState(123)
theano_rng = RandomStreams(rng.randint(2**30))
# initialize storage for the persistent chain (state = hidden
# layer of chain)
persistent_chain = theano.shared(numpy.zeros((batch_size, n_hidden),
dtype=theano.config.floatX),
borrow=True)
# construct the RBM class
rbm = RBM(input=x,
n_visible=28 * 28,
n_hidden=n_hidden,
numpy_rng=rng,
theano_rng=theano_rng)
# get the cost and the gradient corresponding to one step of CD-15
cost, updates = rbm.get_cost_updates(lr=learning_rate,
persistent=persistent_chain,
k=15)
#################################
# Training the RBM #
#################################
if not os.path.isdir(output_folder):
os.makedirs(output_folder)
os.chdir(output_folder)
# start-snippet-5
# it is ok for a theano function to have no output
# the purpose of train_rbm is solely to update the RBM parameters
train_rbm = theano.function(
[index],
cost,
updates=updates,
givens={x: train_set_x[index * batch_size:(index + 1) * batch_size]},
name='train_rbm')
plotting_time = 0.
start_time = timeit.default_timer()
# go through training epochs
for epoch in xrange(training_epochs):
# go through the training set
mean_cost = []
for batch_index in xrange(n_train_batches):
mean_cost += [train_rbm(batch_index)]
print 'Training epoch %d, cost is ' % epoch, numpy.mean(mean_cost)
# Plot filters after each training epoch
plotting_start = timeit.default_timer()
# Construct image from the weight matrix
image = Image.fromarray(
tile_raster_images(X=rbm.W.get_value(borrow=True).T,
img_shape=(28, 28),
tile_shape=(10, 10),
tile_spacing=(1, 1)))
image.save('filters_at_epoch_%i.png' % epoch)
plotting_stop = timeit.default_timer()
plotting_time += (plotting_stop - plotting_start)
end_time = timeit.default_timer()
pretraining_time = (end_time - start_time) - plotting_time
print('Training took %f minutes' % (pretraining_time / 60.))
# end-snippet-5 start-snippet-6
#################################
# Sampling from the RBM #
#################################
# find out the number of test samples
number_of_test_samples = test_set_x.get_value(borrow=True).shape[0]
# pick random test examples, with which to initialize the persistent chain
test_idx = rng.randint(number_of_test_samples - n_chains)
persistent_vis_chain = theano.shared(
numpy.asarray(test_set_x.get_value(borrow=True)[test_idx:test_idx +
n_chains],
dtype=theano.config.floatX))
# end-snippet-6 start-snippet-7
plot_every = 1000
# define one step of Gibbs sampling (mf = mean-field) define a
# function that does `plot_every` steps before returning the
# sample for plotting
([presig_hids, hid_mfs, hid_samples, presig_vis, vis_mfs,
vis_samples], updates) = theano.scan(
rbm.gibbs_vhv,
outputs_info=[None, None, None, None, None, persistent_vis_chain],
n_steps=plot_every)
# add to updates the shared variable that takes care of our persistent
# chain :.
updates.update({persistent_vis_chain: vis_samples[-1]})
# construct the function that implements our persistent chain.
# we generate the "mean field" activations for plotting and the actual
# samples for reinitializing the state of our persistent chain
sample_fn = theano.function([], [vis_mfs[-1], vis_samples[-1]],
updates=updates,
name='sample_fn')
# create a space to store the image for plotting ( we need to leave
# room for the tile_spacing as well)
image_data = numpy.zeros((29 * n_samples + 1, 29 * n_chains - 1),
dtype='uint8')
for idx in xrange(n_samples):
# generate `plot_every` intermediate samples that we discard,
# because successive samples in the chain are too correlated
vis_mf, vis_sample = sample_fn()
print ' ... plotting sample ', idx
image_data[29 * idx:29 * idx + 28, :] = tile_raster_images(
X=vis_mf,
img_shape=(28, 28),
tile_shape=(1, n_chains),
tile_spacing=(1, 1))
# construct image
image = Image.fromarray(image_data)
image.save('samples.png')
# end-snippet-7
os.chdir('../')
def test_DBN(finetune_lr=1.0,
pretraining_epochs=0,
pretrain_lr=0.01,
k=1,
training_epochs=100,
dataset='mnist.pkl.gz',
batch_size=10):
"""
Demonstrates how to train and test a Deep Belief Network.
This is demonstrated on MNIST.
:type finetune_lr: float
:param finetune_lr: learning rate used in the finetune stage
:type pretraining_epochs: int
:param pretraining_epochs: number of epoch to do pretraining
:type pretrain_lr: float
:param pretrain_lr: learning rate to be used during pre-training
:type k: int
:param k: number of Gibbs steps in CD/PCD
:type training_epochs: int
:param training_epochs: maximal number of iterations ot run the optimizer
:type dataset: string
:param dataset: path the the pickled dataset
:type batch_size: int
:param batch_size: the size of a minibatch
"""
datasets = load_data(dataset)
train_set_x, train_set_y = datasets[0]
valid_set_x, valid_set_y = datasets[1]
test_set_x, test_set_y = datasets[2]
# compute number of minibatches for training, validation and testing
n_train_batches = train_set_x.get_value(borrow=True).shape[0] / batch_size
# numpy random generator
numpy_rng = numpy.random.RandomState(123)
print '... building the model'
# construct the Deep Belief Network
dbn = DBN(numpy_rng=numpy_rng,
n_ins=28 * 28,
hidden_layers_sizes=[512, 256, 64],
n_outs=10)
# start-snippet-2
#########################
# PRETRAINING THE MODEL #
#########################
print '... getting the pretraining functions'
pretraining_fns = dbn.pretraining_functions(train_set_x=train_set_x,
batch_size=batch_size,
k=k)
print '... pre-training the model'
start_time = timeit.default_timer()
## Pre-train layer-wise
for i in xrange(dbn.n_layers):
# go through pretraining epochs
for epoch in xrange(pretraining_epochs):
# go through the training set
c = []
for batch_index in xrange(n_train_batches):
c.append(pretraining_fns[i](index=batch_index, lr=pretrain_lr))
print 'Pre-training layer %i, epoch %d, cost ' % (i, epoch),
print numpy.mean(c)
end_time = timeit.default_timer()
# end-snippet-2
print >> sys.stderr, ('The pretraining code for file ' +
os.path.split(__file__)[1] + ' ran for %.2fm' %
((end_time - start_time) / 60.))
########################
# FINETUNING THE MODEL #
########################
# get the training, validation and testing function for the model
print '... getting the finetuning functions'
train_fn, validate_model, test_model = dbn.build_finetune_functions(
datasets=datasets,
batch_size=batch_size,
batch_size_t=batch_size,
batch_size_v=batch_size,
learning_rate=finetune_lr)
print '... finetuning the model'
# early-stopping parameters
patience = 4 * n_train_batches # look as this many examples regardless
patience_increase = 10 # wait this much longer when a new best is
# found
improvement_threshold = 0.995 # a relative improvement of this much is
# considered significant
validation_frequency = min(n_train_batches, patience / 2)
# go through this many
# minibatches before checking the network
# on the validation set; in this case we
# check every epoch
best_validation_loss = numpy.inf
test_score = 0.
start_time = timeit.default_timer()
done_looping = False
epoch = 0
while (epoch < training_epochs) and (not done_looping):
epoch = epoch + 1
for minibatch_index in xrange(n_train_batches):
minibatch_avg_cost = train_fn(minibatch_index)
iter = (epoch - 1) * n_train_batches + minibatch_index
if (iter + 1) % validation_frequency == 0:
validation_losses = validate_model()
this_validation_loss = numpy.mean(validation_losses)
print('epoch %i, minibatch %i/%i, validation error %f %%' %
(epoch, minibatch_index + 1, n_train_batches,
this_validation_loss * 100.))
# if we got the best validation score until now
if this_validation_loss < best_validation_loss:
#improve patience if loss improvement is good enough
if (this_validation_loss <
best_validation_loss * improvement_threshold):
patience = max(patience, iter * patience_increase)
# save best validation score and iteration number
best_validation_loss = this_validation_loss
best_iter = iter
# test it on the test set
test_losses = test_model()
test_score = numpy.mean(test_losses)
print((' epoch %i, minibatch %i/%i, test error of '
'best model %f %%') %
(epoch, minibatch_index + 1, n_train_batches,
test_score * 100.))
if patience <= iter:
done_looping = True
break
end_time = timeit.default_timer()
print(('Optimization complete with best validation score of %f %%, '
'obtained at iteration %i, '
'with test performance %f %%') %
(best_validation_loss * 100., best_iter + 1, test_score * 100.))
print >> sys.stderr, ('The fine tuning code for file ' +
os.path.split(__file__)[1] + ' ran for %.2fm' %
((end_time - start_time) / 60.))
