def get_branches(hg, branches, kwargs=None):
# TRY ES
try:
es = elasticsearch.Cluster(kwargs=branches).get_index(kwargs=branches, read_only=False)
query = {
"query": {"match_all": {}},
"size": 10000
}
found_branches = es.search(query).hits.hits._source
# IF IT IS TOO OLD, THEN PULL FROM HG
oldest = Date(MAX(found_branches.etl.timestamp))
if oldest == None or Date.now() - oldest > OLD_BRANCH:
found_branches = _get_branches_from_hg(hg)
es.extend({"id": b.name + " " + b.locale, "value": b} for b in found_branches)
es.flush()
try:
return UniqueIndex(["name", "locale"], data=found_branches, fail_on_dup=False)
except Exception as e:
Log.error("Bad branch in ES index", cause=e)
except Exception as e:
if "Can not find index " in e:
set_default(branches, {"schema": branches_schema})
es = elasticsearch.Cluster(kwargs=branches).get_or_create_index(kwargs=branches)
es.add_alias()
return get_branches(kwargs=kwargs)
Log.error("problem getting branches", cause=e)
def get_branches(hg, branches, kwargs=None):
# TRY ES
cluster = elasticsearch.Cluster(branches)
try:
es = cluster.get_index(kwargs=branches, read_only=False)
esq = jx_elasticsearch.new_instance(branches)
found_branches = esq.query({"from": "branches", "format": "list", "limit": 10000}).data
# IF IT IS TOO OLD, THEN PULL FROM HG
oldest = Date(MAX(found_branches.etl.timestamp))
if oldest == None or Date.now() - oldest > OLD_BRANCH:
found_branches = _get_branches_from_hg(hg)
es.extend({"id": b.name + " " + b.locale, "value": b} for b in found_branches)
es.flush()
try:
return UniqueIndex(["name", "locale"], data=found_branches, fail_on_dup=False)
except Exception as e:
Log.error("Bad branch in ES index", cause=e)
except Exception as e:
e = Except.wrap(e)
if "Can not find index " in e:
set_default(branches, {"schema": branches_schema})
es = cluster.get_or_create_index(branches)
es.add_alias()
return get_branches(kwargs)
Log.error("problem getting branches", cause=e)
def get_schema_from_list(table_name, frum):
"""
SCAN THE LIST FOR COLUMN TYPES
"""
columns = UniqueIndex(keys=("names.\\.",))
_get_schema_from_list(frum, ".", prefix_path=[], nested_path=ROOT_PATH, columns=columns)
return Schema(table_name=table_name, columns=columns)
def main():
try:
settings = startup.read_settings()
constants.set(settings.constants)
Log.start(settings.debug)
with SingleInstance(flavor_id=settings.args.filename):
settings.run_interval = Duration(settings.run_interval)
for u in settings.utility:
u.discount = coalesce(u.discount, 0)
# MARKUP drives WITH EXPECTED device MAPPING
num_ephemeral_volumes = ephemeral_storage[
u.instance_type]["num"]
for i, d in enumerate(d for d in u.drives if not d.device):
letter = convert.ascii2char(98 + num_ephemeral_volumes + i)
d.device = "/dev/xvd" + letter
settings.utility = UniqueIndex(["instance_type"],
data=settings.utility)
instance_manager = new_instance(settings.instance)
m = SpotManager(instance_manager, kwargs=settings)
if ENABLE_SIDE_EFFECTS:
m.update_spot_requests()
if m.watcher:
m.watcher.join()
except Exception as e:
Log.warning("Problem with spot manager", cause=e)
finally:
Log.stop()
MAIN_THREAD.stop()
def _get_managed_instances(self):
requests = UniqueIndex(["instance_id"],
data=self._get_managed_spot_requests().filter(
lambda r: r.instance_id != None))
reservations = self.ec2_conn.get_all_instances()
output = []
for res in reservations:
for instance in res.instances:
if instance.tags.get('Name', '').startswith(
self.settings.ec2.instance.name
) and instance._state.name == "running":
instance.request = requests[instance.id]
output.append(datawrap(instance))
return wrap(output)
def get_schema_from_list(table_name,
frum,
native_type_to_json_type=python_type_to_json_type):
"""
SCAN THE LIST FOR COLUMN TYPES
"""
columns = UniqueIndex(keys=("name", ))
_get_schema_from_list(
frum,
".",
parent=".",
nested_path=ROOT_PATH,
columns=columns,
native_type_to_json_type=native_type_to_json_type,
)
return Schema(table_name=table_name, columns=list(columns))
def _get_branches_from_hg(kwarg):
# GET MAIN PAGE
response = http.get(kwarg.url)
doc = BeautifulSoup(response.all_content, "html.parser")
all_repos = doc("table")[1]
branches = UniqueIndex(["name", "locale"], fail_on_dup=False)
for i, r in enumerate(all_repos("tr")):
dir, name = [v.text.strip() for v in r("td")]
b = _get_single_branch_from_hg(kwarg, name, dir.lstrip("/"))
branches.extend(b)
# branches.add(set_default({"name": "release-mozilla-beta"}, branches["mozilla-beta", DEFAULT_LOCALE]))
for b in list(branches["mozilla-beta", ]):
branches.add(set_default({"name": "release-mozilla-beta"},
b)) # THIS IS THE l10n "name"
b.url = "https://hg.mozilla.org/releases/mozilla-beta" # THIS IS THE
for b in list(branches["mozilla-release", ]):
branches.add(set_default({"name": "release-mozilla-release"}, b))
for b in list(branches["mozilla-aurora", ]):
if b.locale == "en-US":
continue
branches.add(set_default({"name": "comm-aurora"}, b))
# b.url = "https://hg.mozilla.org/releases/mozilla-aurora"
for b in list(branches):
if b.name.startswith("mozilla-esr"):
branches.add(set_default({"name": "release-" + b.name},
b)) # THIS IS THE l10n "name"
b.url = "https://hg.mozilla.org/releases/" + b.name
# CHECKS
for b in branches:
if b.name != b.name.lower():
Log.error("Expecting lowercase name")
if not b.locale:
Log.error("Not expected")
if not b.url.startswith("http"):
Log.error("Expecting a valid url")
if not b.etl.timestamp:
Log.error("Expecting a timestamp")
return branches
def __init__(self, instance_manager, disable_prices=False, kwargs=None):
self.settings = kwargs
self.instance_manager = instance_manager
aws_args = dict(region_name=kwargs.aws.region,
aws_access_key_id=unwrap(kwargs.aws.aws_access_key_id),
aws_secret_access_key=unwrap(
kwargs.aws.aws_secret_access_key))
self.ec2_conn = boto.ec2.connect_to_region(**aws_args)
self.vpc_conn = boto.vpc.connect_to_region(**aws_args)
self.price_locker = Lock()
self.prices = None
self.price_lookup = None
self.no_capacity = {}
self.no_capacity_file = File(
kwargs.price_file).parent / "no capacity.json"
self.done_making_new_spot_requests = Signal()
self.net_new_locker = Lock()
self.net_new_spot_requests = UniqueIndex(
("id", )) # SPOT REQUESTS FOR THIS SESSION
self.watcher = None
self.active = None
self.settings.uptime.bid_percentile = coalesce(
self.settings.uptime.bid_percentile, self.settings.bid_percentile)
self.settings.uptime.history = coalesce(
Date(self.settings.uptime.history), DAY)
self.settings.uptime.duration = coalesce(
Duration(self.settings.uptime.duration), Date("5minute"))
self.settings.max_percent_per_type = coalesce(
self.settings.max_percent_per_type, 1)
if ENABLE_SIDE_EFFECTS and instance_manager and instance_manager.setup_required(
):
self._start_life_cycle_watcher()
if not disable_prices:
self.pricing()
def _scan_database(self):
# GET ALL RELATIONS
raw_relations = self.db.query(
"""
SELECT
table_schema,
table_name,
referenced_table_schema,
referenced_table_name,
referenced_column_name,
constraint_name,
column_name,
ordinal_position
FROM
information_schema.key_column_usage
WHERE
referenced_column_name IS NOT NULL
""",
param=self.settings.database,
)
if not raw_relations:
Log.error("No relations in the database")
for r in self.settings.add_relations:
try:
lhs, rhs = map(strings.trim, r.split("->"))
lhs = lhs.split(".")
if len(lhs) == 2:
lhs = [self.settings.database.schema] + lhs
rhs = rhs.split(".")
if len(rhs) == 2:
rhs = [self.settings.database.schema] + rhs
to_add = Data(
ordinal_position=1, # CAN ONLY HANDLE 1-COLUMN RELATIONS
table_schema=lhs[0],
table_name=lhs[1],
column_name=lhs[2],
referenced_table_schema=rhs[0],
referenced_table_name=rhs[1],
referenced_column_name=rhs[2],
)
# CHECK IF EXISTING
if jx.filter(raw_relations, {"eq": to_add}):
Log.note("Relation {{relation}} already exists",
relation=r)
continue
to_add.constraint_name = Random.hex(20)
raw_relations.append(to_add)
except Exception as e:
Log.error("Could not parse {{line|quote}}", line=r, cause=e)
relations = jx.select(
raw_relations,
[
{
"name": "constraint.name",
"value": "constraint_name"
},
{
"name": "table.schema",
"value": "table_schema"
},
{
"name": "table.name",
"value": "table_name"
},
{
"name": "column.name",
"value": "column_name"
},
{
"name": "referenced.table.schema",
"value": "referenced_table_schema"
},
{
"name": "referenced.table.name",
"value": "referenced_table_name"
},
{
"name": "referenced.column.name",
"value": "referenced_column_name"
},
{
"name": "ordinal_position",
"value": "ordinal_position"
},
],
)
# GET ALL TABLES
raw_tables = self.db.query("""
SELECT
t.table_schema,
t.table_name,
c.constraint_name,
c.constraint_type,
k.column_name,
k.ordinal_position
FROM
information_schema.tables t
LEFT JOIN
information_schema.table_constraints c on c.table_name=t.table_name AND c.table_schema=t.table_schema and (constraint_type='UNIQUE' or constraint_type='PRIMARY KEY')
LEFT JOIN
information_schema.key_column_usage k on k.constraint_name=c.constraint_name AND k.table_name=t.table_name and k.table_schema=t.table_schema
ORDER BY
t.table_schema,
t.table_name,
c.constraint_name,
k.ordinal_position,
k.column_name
""")
# ORGANIZE, AND PICK ONE UNIQUE CONSTRAINT FOR LINKING
tables = UniqueIndex(keys=["name", "schema"])
for t, c in jx.groupby(raw_tables, ["table_name", "table_schema"]):
c = wrap(list(c))
best_index = Null
is_referenced = False
is_primary = False
for g, w in jx.groupby(c, "constraint_name"):
if not g.constraint_name:
continue
w = list(w)
ref = False
for r in relations:
if (r.table.name == t.table_name
and r.table.schema == t.table_schema
and r.constraint.name == g.constraint_name):
ref = True
is_prime = w[0].constraint_type == "PRIMARY"
reasons_this_one_is_better = [
best_index == None, # WE DO NOT HAVE A CANDIDATE YET
is_prime
and not is_primary, # PRIMARY KEYS ARE GOOD TO HAVE
is_primary == is_prime and ref and
not is_referenced, # REFERENCED UNIQUE TUPLES ARE GOOD TOO
is_primary == is_prime and ref == is_referenced and len(w)
< len(best_index), # THE SHORTER THE TUPLE, THE BETTER
]
if any(reasons_this_one_is_better):
is_primary = is_prime
is_referenced = ref
best_index = w
tables.add({
"name": t.table_name,
"schema": t.table_schema,
"id": [b.column_name for b in best_index],
})
fact_table = tables[self.settings.fact_table,
self.settings.database.schema]
ids_table = {
"alias": "t0",
"name": "__ids__",
"schema": fact_table.schema,
"id": fact_table.id,
}
relations.extend(
wrap({
"constraint": {
"name": "__link_ids_to_fact_table__"
},
"table": ids_table,
"column": {
"name": c
},
"referenced": {
"table": fact_table,
"column": {
"name": c
}
},
"ordinal_position": i,
}) for i, c in enumerate(fact_table.id))
tables.add(ids_table)
# GET ALL COLUMNS
raw_columns = self.db.query("""
SELECT
column_name,
table_schema,
table_name,
ordinal_position,
data_type
FROM
information_schema.columns
""")
reference_only_tables = [
r.split(".")[0] for r in self.settings.reference_only
if len(r.split(".")) == 2
]
reference_all_tables = [
r.split(".")[0] for r in self.settings.reference_only
if len(r.split(".")) == 1
]
foreign_column_table_schema_triples = {(r.column.name, r.table.name,
r.table.schema)
for r in relations}
referenced_column_table_schema_triples = {(
r.referenced.column.name,
r.referenced.table.name,
r.referenced.table.schema,
)
for r in relations}
related_column_table_schema_triples = (
foreign_column_table_schema_triples
| referenced_column_table_schema_triples)
columns = UniqueIndex(["column.name", "table.name", "table.schema"])
for c in raw_columns:
if c.table_name in reference_only_tables:
if c.table_name + "." + c.column_name in self.settings.reference_only:
include = True
reference = True
foreign = False
elif c.column_name in tables[(c.table_name,
c.table_schema)].id:
include = self.settings.show_foreign_keys
reference = False
foreign = False
else:
include = False
reference = False
foreign = False
elif c.table_name in reference_all_tables:
# TABLES USED FOR REFERENCE, NO NESTED DOCUMENTS EXPECTED
if c.column_name in tables[(c.table_name, c.table_schema)].id:
include = self.settings.show_foreign_keys
reference = True
foreign = False
elif (
c.column_name,
c.table_name,
c.table_schema,
) in foreign_column_table_schema_triples:
include = False
reference = False
foreign = True
else:
include = True
reference = False
foreign = False
elif c.column_name in tables[(c.table_name, c.table_schema)].id:
include = self.settings.show_foreign_keys
reference = False
foreign = False
elif (
c.column_name,
c.table_name,
c.table_schema,
) in foreign_column_table_schema_triples:
include = False
reference = False
foreign = True
elif (
c.column_name,
c.table_name,
c.table_schema,
) in referenced_column_table_schema_triples:
include = self.settings.show_foreign_keys
reference = False
foreign = False
else:
include = True
reference = False
foreign = False
rel = {
"column": {
"name": c.column_name,
"type": c.data_type
},
"table": {
"name": c.table_name,
"schema": c.table_schema
},
"ordinal_position": c.ordinal_position,
"is_id": c.column_name
in tables[(c.table_name, c.table_schema)].id,
"include": include, # TRUE IF THIS COLUMN IS OUTPUTTED
"reference":
reference, # TRUE IF THIS COLUMN REPRESENTS THE ROW
"foreign":
foreign, # TRUE IF THIS COLUMN POINTS TO ANOTHER ROW
}
columns.add(rel)
# ITERATE OVER ALL PATHS
todo = FlatList()
output_columns = FlatList()
nested_path_to_join = {}
all_nested_paths = [["."]]
def follow_paths(position, path, nested_path, done_relations,
no_nested_docs):
if position.name in self.settings.exclude:
return
if self.path_not_allowed(path):
return
if DEBUG:
Log.note("Trace {{path}}", path=path)
if position.name != "__ids__":
# USED TO CONFIRM WE CAN ACCESS THE TABLE (WILL THROW ERROR WHEN IF IT FAILS)
self.db.query(
ConcatSQL(
SQL_SELECT,
SQL_STAR,
SQL_FROM,
quote_column(position.schema, position.name),
SQL_LIMIT,
SQL_ONE,
))
if position.name in reference_all_tables:
no_nested_docs = True
if position.name in reference_only_tables:
return
curr_join_list = copy(nested_path_to_join[nested_path[0]])
###############################################################################
# INNER OBJECTS
###############################################################################
referenced_tables = list(
sort_using_key(
jx.groupby(
jx.filter(
relations,
{
"eq": {
"table.name": position.name,
"table.schema": position.schema,
}
},
),
"constraint.name",
),
key=lambda p: first(p[1]).column.name,
))
for g, constraint_columns in referenced_tables:
g = unwrap(g)
constraint_columns = deepcopy(constraint_columns)
if g["constraint.name"] in done_relations:
continue
if any(cc for cc in constraint_columns
if cc.referenced.table.name in self.settings.exclude):
continue
done_relations.add(g["constraint.name"])
many_to_one_joins = nested_path_to_join[nested_path[0]]
index = len(many_to_one_joins)
alias = "t" + text(index)
for c in constraint_columns:
c.referenced.table.alias = alias
c.table = position
many_to_one_joins.append({
"join_columns": constraint_columns,
"path": path,
"nested_path": nested_path,
})
# HANDLE THE COMMON *id SUFFIX
name = []
for cname, tname in zip(
constraint_columns.column.name,
constraint_columns.referenced.table.name,
):
if cname.startswith(tname):
name.append(tname)
elif cname.endswith("_id"):
name.append(cname[:-3])
else:
name.append(cname)
relation_string = many_to_one_string(constraint_columns[0])
step = "/".join(name)
if len(constraint_columns) == 1:
step = self.name_relations.get(relation_string, step)
referenced_column_path = concat_field(path, step)
if self.path_not_allowed(referenced_column_path):
continue
if referenced_column_path in reference_only_tables:
continue
col_pointer_name = relative_field(referenced_column_path,
nested_path[0])
for col in columns:
if (col.table.name
== constraint_columns[0].referenced.table.name
and col.table.schema
== constraint_columns[0].referenced.table.schema):
col_full_name = concat_field(
col_pointer_name, literal_field(col.column.name))
if (col.is_id and len(nested_path) == 1
and col.table.name == fact_table.name
and col.table.schema == fact_table.schema):
# ALWAYS SHOW THE ID OF THE FACT
c_index = len(output_columns)
output_columns.append({
"table_alias":
alias,
"column_alias":
"c" + text(c_index),
"column":
col,
"sort":
True,
"path":
referenced_column_path,
"nested_path":
nested_path,
"put":
col_full_name,
})
elif col.column.name == constraint_columns[
0].column.name:
c_index = len(output_columns)
output_columns.append({
"table_alias":
alias,
"column_alias":
"c" + text(c_index),
"column":
col,
"sort":
False,
"path":
referenced_column_path,
"nested_path":
nested_path,
"put":
col_full_name
if self.settings.show_foreign_keys else None,
})
elif col.is_id:
c_index = len(output_columns)
output_columns.append({
"table_alias":
alias,
"column_alias":
"c" + text(c_index),
"column":
col,
"sort":
False,
"path":
referenced_column_path,
"nested_path":
nested_path,
"put":
col_full_name
if self.settings.show_foreign_keys else None,
})
elif col.reference:
c_index = len(output_columns)
output_columns.append({
"table_alias":
alias,
"column_alias":
"c" + text(c_index),
"column":
col,
"sort":
False,
"path":
referenced_column_path,
"nested_path":
nested_path,
"put":
col_pointer_name
if not self.settings.show_foreign_keys else
col_full_name, # REFERENCE FIELDS CAN REPLACE THE WHOLE OBJECT BEING REFERENCED
})
elif col.include:
c_index = len(output_columns)
output_columns.append({
"table_alias":
alias,
"column_alias":
"c" + text(c_index),
"column":
col,
"sort":
False,
"path":
referenced_column_path,
"nested_path":
nested_path,
"put":
col_full_name,
})
if position.name in reference_only_tables:
continue
todo.append(
Data(
position=copy(constraint_columns[0].referenced.table),
path=referenced_column_path,
nested_path=nested_path,
done_relations=copy(done_relations),
no_nested_docs=no_nested_docs,
))
###############################################################################
# NESTED OBJECTS
###############################################################################
if not no_nested_docs:
nesting_tables = list(
sort_using_key(
jx.groupby(
jx.filter(
relations,
{
"eq": {
"referenced.table.name": position.name,
"referenced.table.schema":
position.schema,
}
},
),
"constraint.name",
),
key=lambda p: [(r.table.name, r.column.name)
for r in [first(p[1])]][0],
))
for g, constraint_columns in nesting_tables:
g = unwrap(g)
constraint_columns = deepcopy(constraint_columns)
if g["constraint.name"] in done_relations:
continue
done_relations.add(g["constraint.name"])
many_table = set(constraint_columns.table.name)
if not (many_table - self.settings.exclude):
continue
relation_string = one_to_many_string(constraint_columns[0])
step = "/".join(many_table)
if len(constraint_columns) == 1:
step = self.name_relations.get(relation_string, step)
referenced_column_path = concat_field(path, step)
if self.path_not_allowed(referenced_column_path):
continue
new_nested_path = [referenced_column_path] + nested_path
all_nested_paths.append(new_nested_path)
if referenced_column_path in nested_path_to_join:
Log.error(
"{{path}} already exists, try adding entry to name_relations",
path=referenced_column_path,
)
one_to_many_joins = nested_path_to_join[
referenced_column_path] = copy(curr_join_list)
index = len(one_to_many_joins)
alias = "t" + text(index)
for c in constraint_columns:
c.table.alias = alias
c.referenced.table = position
one_to_many_joins.append(
set_default(
{},
g,
{
"children": True,
"join_columns": constraint_columns,
"path": path,
"nested_path": nested_path,
},
))
for col in columns:
if (col.table.name == constraint_columns[0].table.name
and col.table.schema
== constraint_columns[0].table.schema):
col_full_name = join_field(
split_field(referenced_column_path)
[len(split_field(new_nested_path[0])):] +
[literal_field(col.column.name)])
if col.column.name == constraint_columns[
0].column.name:
c_index = len(output_columns)
output_columns.append({
"table_alias":
alias,
"column_alias":
"c" + text(c_index),
"column":
col,
"sort":
col.is_id,
"path":
referenced_column_path,
"nested_path":
new_nested_path,
"put":
col_full_name if
self.settings.show_foreign_keys else None,
})
elif col.is_id:
c_index = len(output_columns)
output_columns.append({
"table_alias":
alias,
"column_alias":
"c" + text(c_index),
"column":
col,
"sort":
col.is_id,
"path":
referenced_column_path,
"nested_path":
new_nested_path,
"put":
col_full_name if
self.settings.show_foreign_keys else None,
})
else:
c_index = len(output_columns)
output_columns.append({
"table_alias":
alias,
"column_alias":
"c" + text(c_index),
"column":
col,
"sort":
col.is_id,
"path":
referenced_column_path,
"nested_path":
new_nested_path,
"put":
col_full_name if col.include else None,
})
todo.append(
Data(
position=constraint_columns[0].table,
path=referenced_column_path,
nested_path=new_nested_path,
done_relations=copy(done_relations),
no_nested_docs=no_nested_docs,
))
path = "."
nested_path = [path]
nested_path_to_join["."] = [{
"path":
path,
"join_columns": [{
"referenced": {
"table": ids_table
}
}],
"nested_path":
nested_path,
}]
todo.append(
Data(
position=ids_table,
path=path,
nested_path=nested_path,
done_relations=set(),
no_nested_docs=False,
))
while todo:
item = todo.pop(0)
follow_paths(**item)
self.all_nested_paths = all_nested_paths
self.nested_path_to_join = nested_path_to_join
self.columns = output_columns
def add(self, value):
self.data.append(value)
def __getitem__(self, item):
if item < 0 or len(self.data) <= item:
return Null
return self.data[item]
def __iter__(self):
return (wrap(d) for d in self.data)
def __len__(self):
return len(self.data)
def _exec(code):
try:
temp = None
exec "temp = " + code
return temp
except Exception as e:
Log.error("Could not execute {{code|quote}}", code=code, cause=e)
from pyLibrary.queries import Schema, jx
DUAL = ListContainer(name="dual",
data=[{}],
schema=Schema(table_name="dual",
columns=UniqueIndex(keys=("names.\\.", ))))
def update_spot_requests(self):
spot_requests = self._get_managed_spot_requests()
# ADD UP THE CURRENT REQUESTED INSTANCES
all_instances = UniqueIndex("id", data=self._get_managed_instances())
self.active = active = wrap([
r for r in spot_requests if r.status.code in RUNNING_STATUS_CODES
| PENDING_STATUS_CODES | PROBABLY_NOT_FOR_A_WHILE | MIGHT_HAPPEN
])
for a in active.copy():
if a.status.code == "request-canceled-and-instance-running" and all_instances[
a.instance_id] == None:
active.remove(a)
used_budget = 0
current_spending = 0
for a in active:
about = self.price_lookup[a.launch_specification.instance_type,
a.launch_specification.placement]
discount = coalesce(about.type.discount, 0)
Log.note(
"Active Spot Request {{id}}: {{type}} {{instance_id}} in {{zone}} @ {{price|round(decimal=4)}}",
id=a.id,
type=a.launch_specification.instance_type,
zone=a.launch_specification.placement,
instance_id=a.instance_id,
price=a.price - discount)
used_budget += a.price - discount
current_spending += coalesce(about.current_price,
a.price) - discount
Log.note(
"Total Exposure: ${{budget|round(decimal=4)}}/hour (current price: ${{current|round(decimal=4)}}/hour)",
budget=used_budget,
current=current_spending)
remaining_budget = self.settings.budget - used_budget
current_utility = coalesce(
SUM(self.price_lookup[
r.launch_specification.instance_type,
r.launch_specification.placement].type.utility
for r in active), 0)
utility_required = self.instance_manager.required_utility(
current_utility)
net_new_utility = utility_required - current_utility
Log.note(
"have {{current_utility}} utility running; need {{need_utility}} more utility",
current_utility=current_utility,
need_utility=net_new_utility)
if remaining_budget < 0:
remaining_budget, net_new_utility = self.save_money(
remaining_budget, net_new_utility)
if net_new_utility < 0:
if self.settings.allowed_overage:
net_new_utility = mo_math.min(
net_new_utility +
self.settings.allowed_overage * utility_required, 0)
net_new_utility = self.remove_instances(net_new_utility)
if net_new_utility > 0:
net_new_utility = mo_math.min(net_new_utility,
self.settings.max_new_utility)
net_new_utility, remaining_budget = self.add_instances(
net_new_utility, remaining_budget)
if net_new_utility > 0:
Log.alert(
"Can not fund {{num|round(places=2)}} more utility (all utility costs more than ${{expected|round(decimal=2)}}/hour). Remaining budget is ${{budget|round(decimal=2)}} ",
num=net_new_utility,
expected=self.settings.max_utility_price,
budget=remaining_budget)
# Give EC2 a chance to notice the new requests before tagging them.
Till(seconds=3).wait()
with self.net_new_locker:
for req in self.net_new_spot_requests:
req.add_tag("Name", self.settings.ec2.instance.name)
Log.note("All requests for new utility have been made")
self.done_making_new_spot_requests.go()
def pricing(self):
with self.price_locker:
if self.prices:
return self.prices
prices = self._get_spot_prices_from_aws()
now = Date.now()
with Timer("processing pricing data"):
hourly_pricing = jx.run({
"from": {
# AWS PRICING ONLY SENDS timestamp OF CHANGES, MATCH WITH NEXT INSTANCE
"from":
prices,
"window": [
{
"name": "expire",
"value": {
"coalesce": [{
"rows": {
"timestamp": 1
}
}, {
"date": "eod"
}]
},
"edges":
["availability_zone", "instance_type"],
"sort": "timestamp"
},
{ # MAKE THIS PRICE EFFECTIVE INTO THE PAST, THIS HELPS SPREAD PRICE SPIKES OVER TIME
"name": "effective",
"value": {
"sub": {
"timestamp":
self.settings.uptime.duration.seconds
}
}
}
]
},
"edges": [
"availability_zone", "instance_type", {
"name": "time",
"range": {
"min": "effective",
"max": "expire",
"mode": "inclusive"
},
"allowNulls": False,
"domain": {
"type": "time",
"min":
now.floor(HOUR) - self.settings.uptime.history,
"max": Date.now().floor(HOUR) + HOUR,
"interval": "hour"
}
}
],
"select": [{
"value": "price",
"aggregate": "max"
}, {
"aggregate": "count"
}],
"where": {
"gt": {
"expire":
now.floor(HOUR) - self.settings.uptime.history
}
},
"window": [{
"name": "current_price",
"value": "rows.last.price",
"edges": ["availability_zone", "instance_type"],
"sort": "time"
}]
}).data
bid80 = jx.run({
"from":
ListContainer(name=None, data=hourly_pricing),
"edges": [{
"value": "availability_zone",
"allowNulls": False
}, {
"name": "type",
"value": "instance_type",
"allowNulls": False,
"domain": {
"type": "set",
"key": "instance_type",
"partitions": self.settings.utility
}
}],
"select": [{
"name":
"price_80",
"value":
"price",
"aggregate":
"percentile",
"percentile":
self.settings.uptime.bid_percentile
}, {
"name": "max_price",
"value": "price",
"aggregate": "max"
}, {
"aggregate": "count"
}, {
"value": "current_price",
"aggregate": "one"
}, {
"name": "all_price",
"value": "price",
"aggregate": "list"
}],
"window": [
{
"name": "estimated_value",
"value": {
"div": ["type.utility", "price_80"]
}
},
{
"name":
"higher_price",
"value":
lambda row, rownum, rows: find_higher(
row.all_price, row.price_80)
} # TODO: SUPPORT {"from":"all_price", "where":{"gt":[".", "price_80"]}, "select":{"aggregate":"min"}}
]
})
output = jx.sort(bid80.values(), {
"value": "estimated_value",
"sort": -1
})
self.prices = wrap(output)
self.price_lookup = UniqueIndex(
("type.instance_type", "availability_zone"),
data=self.prices)
return self.prices
def life_cycle_watcher(please_stop):
bad_requests = Data()
setup_threads = []
last_get = Date.now()
setup_in_progress = set()
while not please_stop:
spot_requests = self._get_managed_spot_requests()
instances = wrap({
i.id: i
for r in self.ec2_conn.get_all_instances()
for i in r.instances
})
# INSTANCES THAT REQUIRE SETUP
time_to_stop_trying = {}
please_setup = [
(i, r) for i, r in [(instances[r.instance_id], r)
for r in spot_requests]
if i.id and (not i.tags.get("Name") or i.tags.get(
"Name") == self.settings.ec2.instance.name +
" (setup)") and i.id not in setup_in_progress
and i._state.name == "running"
and Date.now() > Date(i.launch_time) + DELAY_BEFORE_SETUP
]
for i, r in please_setup:
if not time_to_stop_trying.get(i.id):
time_to_stop_trying[
i.id] = Date.now() + TIME_FROM_RUNNING_TO_LOGIN
if Date.now() > time_to_stop_trying[i.id]:
# FAIL TO SETUP AFTER x MINUTES, THEN TERMINATE INSTANCE
self.ec2_conn.terminate_instances(instance_ids=[i.id])
with self.net_new_locker:
self.net_new_spot_requests.remove(r.id)
Log.warning(
"Problem with setup of {{instance_id}}. Time is up. Instance TERMINATED!",
instance_id=i.id)
continue
try:
p = self.settings.utility[i.instance_type]
if p == None:
try:
self.ec2_conn.terminate_instances(
instance_ids=[i.id])
with self.net_new_locker:
self.net_new_spot_requests.remove(r.id)
finally:
Log.error(
"Can not setup unknown {{instance_id}} of type {{type}}",
instance_id=i.id,
type=i.instance_type)
i.markup = p
i.add_tag("Name",
self.settings.ec2.instance.name + " (setup)")
setup_in_progress.add(i.id)
t = Thread.run("setup for " + text(i.id), track_setup,
self.instance_manager.setup, r, i, p)
if SINGLE_THREAD_SETUP:
t.join()
setup_threads.append(t)
except Exception as e:
i.add_tag("Name", "")
Log.warning("Unexpected failure on startup",
instance_id=i.id,
cause=e)
if Date.now() - last_get > 5 * SECOND:
# REFRESH STALE
spot_requests = self._get_managed_spot_requests()
last_get = Date.now()
pending = wrap([
r for r in spot_requests
if r.status.code in PENDING_STATUS_CODES
])
give_up = wrap([
r for r in spot_requests
if (r.status.code in PROBABLY_NOT_FOR_A_WHILE
| TERMINATED_STATUS_CODES) and r.id not in bad_requests
])
ignore = wrap([
r for r in spot_requests if r.status.code in MIGHT_HAPPEN
]) # MIGHT HAPPEN, BUT NO NEED TO WAIT FOR IT
if self.done_making_new_spot_requests:
with self.net_new_locker:
expired = Date.now(
) - self.settings.run_interval + 2 * MINUTE
for ii in list(self.net_new_spot_requests):
if Date(ii.create_time) < expired:
# SOMETIMES REQUESTS NEVER GET INTO THE MAIN LIST OF REQUESTS
self.net_new_spot_requests.remove(ii)
for g in ignore:
self.net_new_spot_requests.remove(g.id)
pending = UniqueIndex(("id", ), data=pending)
pending = pending | self.net_new_spot_requests
if give_up:
self.ec2_conn.cancel_spot_instance_requests(
request_ids=give_up.id)
Log.note(
"Cancelled spot requests {{spots}}, {{reasons}}",
spots=give_up.id,
reasons=give_up.status.code)
for g in give_up:
bad_requests[g.id] += 1
if g.id in self.net_new_spot_requests:
self.net_new_spot_requests.remove(g.id)
if g.status.code == "capacity-not-available":
self.no_capacity[
g.launch_specification.
instance_type] = Date.now()
if g.status.code == "bad-parameters":
self.no_capacity[
g.launch_specification.
instance_type] = Date.now()
Log.warning(
"bad parameters while requesting type {{type}}",
type=g.launch_specification.
instance_type)
if not pending and self.done_making_new_spot_requests:
Log.note("No more pending spot requests")
break
elif pending:
Log.note("waiting for spot requests: {{pending}}",
pending=[p.id for p in pending])
(Till(seconds=10) | please_stop).wait()
with Timer("Save no capacity to file"):
table = [{
"instance_type": k,
"last_failure": v
} for k, v in self.no_capacity.items()]
self.no_capacity_file.write(value2json(table, pretty=True))
# WAIT FOR SETUP TO COMPLETE
for t in setup_threads:
t.join()
Log.note("life cycle watcher has stopped")
def _scan_database(self):
# GET ALL RELATIONS
raw_relations = self.db.query("""
SELECT
table_schema,
table_name,
referenced_table_schema,
referenced_table_name,
referenced_column_name,
constraint_name,
column_name,
ordinal_position
FROM
information_schema.key_column_usage
WHERE
referenced_column_name IS NOT NULL
""",
param=self.settings.database)
if not raw_relations:
Log.error("No relations in the database")
for r in self.settings.add_relations:
try:
a, b = map(strings.trim, r.split("->"))
a = a.split(".")
b = b.split(".")
raw_relations.append(
Data(table_schema=a[0],
table_name=a[1],
referenced_table_schema=b[0],
referenced_table_name=b[1],
referenced_column_name=b[2],
constraint_name=Random.hex(20),
column_name=a[2],
ordinal_position=1))
except Exception as e:
Log.error("Could not parse {{line|quote}}", line=r, cause=e)
relations = jx.select(raw_relations,
[{
"name": "constraint.name",
"value": "constraint_name"
}, {
"name": "table.schema",
"value": "table_schema"
}, {
"name": "table.name",
"value": "table_name"
}, {
"name": "column.name",
"value": "column_name"
}, {
"name": "referenced.table.schema",
"value": "referenced_table_schema"
}, {
"name": "referenced.table.name",
"value": "referenced_table_name"
}, {
"name": "referenced.column.name",
"value": "referenced_column_name"
}, {
"name": "ordinal_position",
"value": "ordinal_position"
}])
# GET ALL TABLES
raw_tables = self.db.query("""
SELECT
t.table_schema,
t.table_name,
c.constraint_name,
c.constraint_type,
k.column_name,
k.ordinal_position
FROM
information_schema.tables t
LEFT JOIN
information_schema.table_constraints c on c.table_name=t.table_name AND c.table_schema=t.table_schema and (constraint_type='UNIQUE' or constraint_type='PRIMARY KEY')
LEFT JOIN
information_schema.key_column_usage k on k.constraint_name=c.constraint_name AND k.table_name=t.table_name and k.table_schema=t.table_schema
ORDER BY
t.table_schema,
t.table_name,
c.constraint_name,
k.ordinal_position,
k.column_name
""",
param=self.settings.database)
# ORGANIZE, AND PICK ONE UNIQUE CONSTRAINT FOR LINKING
tables = UniqueIndex(keys=["name", "schema"])
for t, c in jx.groupby(raw_tables, ["table_name", "table_schema"]):
c = wrap(list(c))
best_index = Null
is_referenced = False
is_primary = False
for g, w in jx.groupby(c, "constraint_name"):
if not g.constraint_name:
continue
w = list(w)
ref = False
for r in relations:
if r.table.name == t.table_name and r.table.schema == t.table_schema and r.constraint.name == g.constraint_name:
ref = True
is_prime = w[0].constraint_type == "PRIMARY"
reasons_this_one_is_better = [
best_index == None, # WE DO NOT HAVE A CANDIDATE YET
is_prime
and not is_primary, # PRIMARY KEYS ARE GOOD TO HAVE
is_primary == is_prime and ref and
not is_referenced, # REFERENCED UNIQUE TUPLES ARE GOOD TOO
is_primary == is_prime and ref == is_referenced and len(w)
< len(best_index) # THE SHORTER THE TUPLE, THE BETTER
]
if any(reasons_this_one_is_better):
is_primary = is_prime
is_referenced = ref
best_index = w
tables.add({
"name": t.table_name,
"schema": t.table_schema,
"id": [b.column_name for b in best_index]
})
fact_table = tables[self.settings.fact_table,
self.settings.database.schema]
ids_table = {
"alias": "t0",
"name": "__ids__",
"schema": fact_table.schema,
"id": fact_table.id
}
relations.extend(
wrap({
"constraint": {
"name": "__link_ids_to_fact_table__"
},
"table": ids_table,
"column": {
"name": c
},
"referenced": {
"table": fact_table,
"column": {
"name": c
}
},
"ordinal_position": i
}) for i, c in enumerate(fact_table.id))
tables.add(ids_table)
# GET ALL COLUMNS
raw_columns = self.db.query("""
SELECT
column_name,
table_schema,
table_name,
ordinal_position,
data_type
FROM
information_schema.columns
""",
param=self.settings.database)
reference_only_tables = [
r.split(".")[0] for r in self.settings.reference_only
if len(r.split(".")) == 2
]
reference_all_tables = [
r.split(".")[0] for r in self.settings.reference_only
if len(r.split(".")) == 1
]
foreign_column_table_schema_triples = {(r.column.name, r.table.name,
r.table.schema)
for r in relations}
referenced_column_table_schema_triples = {
(r.referenced.column.name, r.referenced.table.name,
r.referenced.table.schema)
for r in relations
}
related_column_table_schema_triples = foreign_column_table_schema_triples | referenced_column_table_schema_triples
columns = UniqueIndex(["column.name", "table.name", "table.schema"])
for c in raw_columns:
if c.table_name in reference_only_tables:
if c.table_name + "." + c.column_name in self.settings.reference_only:
include = True
reference = True
foreign = False
elif c.column_name in tables[(c.table_name,
c.table_schema)].id:
include = self.settings.show_foreign_keys
reference = False
foreign = False
else:
include = False
reference = False
foreign = False
elif c.table_name in reference_all_tables:
# TABLES USED FOR REFERENCE, NO NESTED DOCUMENTS EXPECTED
if c.column_name in tables[(c.table_name, c.table_schema)].id:
include = self.settings.show_foreign_keys
reference = True
foreign = False
elif (c.column_name, c.table_name,
c.table_schema) in foreign_column_table_schema_triples:
include = False
reference = False
foreign = True
else:
include = True
reference = False
foreign = False
elif c.column_name in tables[(c.table_name, c.table_schema)].id:
include = self.settings.show_foreign_keys
reference = False
foreign = False
elif (c.column_name, c.table_name,
c.table_schema) in foreign_column_table_schema_triples:
include = False
reference = False
foreign = True
elif (c.column_name, c.table_name,
c.table_schema) in referenced_column_table_schema_triples:
include = self.settings.show_foreign_keys
reference = False
foreign = False
else:
include = True
reference = False
foreign = False
rel = {
"column": {
"name": c.column_name,
"type": c.data_type
},
"table": {
"name": c.table_name,
"schema": c.table_schema
},
"ordinal_position": c.ordinal_position,
"is_id": c.column_name
in tables[(c.table_name, c.table_schema)].id,
"include": include, # TRUE IF THIS COLUMN IS OUTPUTTED
"reference":
reference, # TRUE IF THIS COLUMN REPRESENTS THE ROW
"foreign": foreign # TRUE IF THIS COLUMN POINTS TO ANOTHER ROW
}
columns.add(rel)
# ITERATE OVER ALL PATHS
todo = FlatList()
output_columns = FlatList()
nested_path_to_join = {}
all_nested_paths = [["."]]
def follow_paths(position, path, nested_path, done_relations,
no_nested_docs):
if position.name in self.settings.exclude:
return
if DEBUG:
Log.note("Trace {{path}}", path=path)
if position.name != "__ids__":
# USED TO CONFIRM WE CAN ACCESS THE TABLE (WILL THROW ERROR WHEN IF IT FAILS)
self.db.query("SELECT * FROM " +
quote_column(position.name, position.schema) +
" LIMIT 1")
if position.name in reference_all_tables:
no_nested_docs = True
if position.name in reference_only_tables:
return
curr_join_list = copy(nested_path_to_join[nested_path[0]])
# INNER OBJECTS
referenced_tables = list(
jx.groupby(
jx.filter(
relations, {
"eq": {
"table.name": position.name,
"table.schema": position.schema
}
}), "constraint.name"))
for g, constraint_columns in referenced_tables:
g = unwrap(g)
constraint_columns = deepcopy(constraint_columns)
if g["constraint.name"] in done_relations:
continue
if any(cc for cc in constraint_columns
if cc.referenced.table.name in self.settings.exclude):
continue
done_relations.add(g["constraint.name"])
many_to_one_joins = nested_path_to_join[nested_path[0]]
index = len(many_to_one_joins)
alias = "t" + text_type(index)
for c in constraint_columns:
c.referenced.table.alias = alias
c.table = position
many_to_one_joins.append({
"join_columns": constraint_columns,
"path": path,
"nested_path": nested_path
})
# referenced_table_path = join_field(split_field(path) + ["/".join(constraint_columns.referenced.table.name)])
# HANDLE THE COMMON *id SUFFIX
name = []
for a, b in zip(constraint_columns.column.name,
constraint_columns.referenced.table.name):
if a.startswith(b):
name.append(b)
elif a.endswith("_id"):
name.append(a[:-3])
else:
name.append(a)
referenced_column_path = join_field(
split_field(path) + ["/".join(name)])
col_pointer_name = relative_field(referenced_column_path,
nested_path[0])
# insert into nested1 VALUES (100, 10, 'aaa', -1);
# id.about.time.nested1 .ref=10
# id.about.time.nested1 .ref.name
for col in columns:
if col.table.name == constraint_columns[
0].referenced.table.name and col.table.schema == constraint_columns[
0].referenced.table.schema:
col_full_name = concat_field(
col_pointer_name, literal_field(col.column.name))
if col.is_id and col.table.name == fact_table.name and col.table.schema == fact_table.schema:
# ALWAYS SHOW THE ID OF THE FACT
c_index = len(output_columns)
output_columns.append({
"table_alias":
alias,
"column_alias":
"c" + text_type(c_index),
"column":
col,
"sort":
True,
"path":
referenced_column_path,
"nested_path":
nested_path,
"put":
col_full_name
})
elif col.column.name == constraint_columns[
0].column.name:
c_index = len(output_columns)
output_columns.append({
"table_alias":
alias,
"column_alias":
"c" + text_type(c_index),
"column":
col,
"sort":
False,
"path":
referenced_column_path,
"nested_path":
nested_path,
"put":
col_full_name
if self.settings.show_foreign_keys else None
})
elif col.is_id:
c_index = len(output_columns)
output_columns.append({
"table_alias":
alias,
"column_alias":
"c" + text_type(c_index),
"column":
col,
"sort":
False,
"path":
referenced_column_path,
"nested_path":
nested_path,
"put":
col_full_name
if self.settings.show_foreign_keys else None
})
elif col.reference:
c_index = len(output_columns)
output_columns.append({
"table_alias":
alias,
"column_alias":
"c" + text_type(c_index),
"column":
col,
"sort":
False,
"path":
referenced_column_path,
"nested_path":
nested_path,
"put":
col_pointer_name
if not self.settings.show_foreign_keys else
col_full_name # REFERENCE FIELDS CAN REPLACE THE WHOLE OBJECT BEING REFERENCED
})
elif col.include:
c_index = len(output_columns)
output_columns.append({
"table_alias":
alias,
"column_alias":
"c" + text_type(c_index),
"column":
col,
"sort":
False,
"path":
referenced_column_path,
"nested_path":
nested_path,
"put":
col_full_name
})
if position.name in reference_only_tables:
continue
todo.append(
Data(position=copy(constraint_columns[0].referenced.table),
path=referenced_column_path,
nested_path=nested_path,
done_relations=copy(done_relations),
no_nested_docs=no_nested_docs))
# NESTED OBJECTS
if not no_nested_docs:
for g, constraint_columns in jx.groupby(
jx.filter(
relations, {
"eq": {
"referenced.table.name": position.name,
"referenced.table.schema": position.schema
}
}), "constraint.name"):
g = unwrap(g)
constraint_columns = deepcopy(constraint_columns)
if g["constraint.name"] in done_relations:
continue
done_relations.add(g["constraint.name"])
many_table = set(constraint_columns.table.name)
if not (many_table - self.settings.exclude):
continue
referenced_column_path = join_field(
split_field(path) + ["/".join(many_table)])
new_nested_path = [referenced_column_path] + nested_path
all_nested_paths.append(new_nested_path)
# if new_path not in self.settings.include:
# Log.note("Exclude nested path {{path}}", path=new_path)
# continue
one_to_many_joins = nested_path_to_join[
referenced_column_path] = copy(curr_join_list)
index = len(one_to_many_joins)
alias = "t" + text_type(index)
for c in constraint_columns:
c.table.alias = alias
c.referenced.table = position
one_to_many_joins.append(
set_default({}, g, {
"children": True,
"join_columns": constraint_columns,
"path": path,
"nested_path": nested_path
}))
# insert into nested1 VALUES (100, 10, 'aaa', -1); # id.about.time.nested1 .ref=10# id.about.time.nested1 .ref.name
for col in columns:
if col.table.name == constraint_columns[
0].table.name and col.table.schema == constraint_columns[
0].table.schema:
col_full_name = join_field(
split_field(referenced_column_path)
[len(split_field(new_nested_path[0])):] +
[literal_field(col.column.name)])
if col.column.name == constraint_columns[
0].column.name:
c_index = len(output_columns)
output_columns.append({
"table_alias":
alias,
"column_alias":
"c" + text_type(c_index),
"column":
col,
"sort":
col.is_id,
"path":
referenced_column_path,
"nested_path":
new_nested_path,
"put":
col_full_name if
self.settings.show_foreign_keys else None
})
elif col.is_id:
c_index = len(output_columns)
output_columns.append({
"table_alias":
alias,
"column_alias":
"c" + text_type(c_index),
"column":
col,
"sort":
col.is_id,
"path":
referenced_column_path,
"nested_path":
new_nested_path,
"put":
col_full_name if
self.settings.show_foreign_keys else None
})
else:
c_index = len(output_columns)
output_columns.append({
"table_alias":
alias,
"column_alias":
"c" + text_type(c_index),
"column":
col,
"sort":
col.is_id,
"path":
referenced_column_path,
"nested_path":
new_nested_path,
"put":
col_full_name if col.include else None
})
todo.append(
Data(position=constraint_columns[0].table,
path=referenced_column_path,
nested_path=new_nested_path,
done_relations=copy(done_relations),
no_nested_docs=no_nested_docs))
path = "."
nested_path = [path]
nested_path_to_join["."] = [{
"path":
path,
"join_columns": [{
"referenced": {
"table": ids_table
}
}],
"nested_path":
nested_path
}]
todo.append(
Data(position=ids_table,
path=path,
nested_path=nested_path,
done_relations=set(),
no_nested_docs=False))
while todo:
item = todo.pop(0)
follow_paths(**item)
self.all_nested_paths = all_nested_paths
self.nested_path_to_join = nested_path_to_join
self.columns = output_columns
Log.error("This container only has table by name of {{name}}", name=name)
return self
def get_schema(self, name):
if self.name != name:
Log.error("This container only has table by name of {{name}}", name=name)
return self.schema
def get_table(self, name):
if self is name or self.name == name:
return self
Log.error("This container only has table by name of {{name}}", name=name)
def _exec(code):
try:
temp = None
exec("temp = " + code)
return temp
except Exception as e:
Log.error("Could not execute {{code|quote}}", code=code, cause=e)
from jx_python import jx
DUAL = ListContainer(
name="dual",
data=[{}],
schema=Schema(table_name="dual", columns=UniqueIndex(keys=("name",)))
)
return self
def get_schema(self, name):
if self.name != name:
Log.error("This container only has table by name of {{name}}",
name=name)
return self.schema
def get_table(self, name):
if self is name or self.name == name:
return self
Log.error("This container only has table by name of {{name}}",
name=name)
def _exec(code):
try:
temp = None
exec("temp = " + code)
return temp
except Exception as e:
Log.error("Could not execute {{code|quote}}", code=code, cause=e)
DUAL = ListContainer(name="dual",
data=[{}],
schema=Schema(table_name="dual",
columns=UniqueIndex(keys=("name", ))))
export("jx_base.container", ListContainer)