def finite_analog(self, left_mob, arrow, right_mob):
self.clear()
self.add(left_mob, arrow, right_mob)
ex = TextMobject("\\times")
ex.highlight(RED)
# ex.shift(arrow.get_center())
middle = TexMobject("\\sum_{n=0}^N 2^n \\equiv -1 \\mod 2^{N+1}")
finite_analog = TextMobject("Finite analog")
finite_analog.scale(0.8)
brace = Brace(middle, UP)
finite_analog.next_to(brace, UP)
new_left = left_mob.copy().to_edge(LEFT)
new_right = right_mob.copy().to_edge(RIGHT)
left_arrow, right_arrow = [
Arrow(mob1.get_right()[0] * RIGHT,
mob2.get_left()[0] * RIGHT,
buff=0)
for mob1, mob2 in [(new_left, middle), (middle, new_right)]
]
for mob in ex, middle:
mob.sort_points(np.linalg.norm)
self.play(GrowFromCenter(ex))
self.wait()
self.play(Transform(left_mob, new_left),
Transform(arrow.copy(), left_arrow),
DelayByOrder(Transform(ex, middle)),
Transform(arrow, right_arrow),
Transform(right_mob, new_right))
self.play(GrowFromCenter(brace), ShimmerIn(finite_analog))
self.wait()
self.equivalence(left_mob, left_arrow,
Mobject(middle, brace, finite_analog))
def construct(self):
definition = TexMobject([
"\\text{HC}(", "x", ")",
"=\\lim_{n \\to \\infty}\\text{PHC}_n(", "x", ")"
])
definition.to_edge(UP)
definition.split()[1].highlight(BLUE)
definition.split()[-2].highlight(BLUE)
intro = TextMobject("Three things need to be proven")
prove_that = TextMobject("Prove that HC is $\\dots$")
prove_that.scale(0.7)
prove_that.to_edge(LEFT)
items = TextMobject([
"\\begin{enumerate}",
"\\item Well-defined: ",
"Points on Pseudo-Hilbert-curves really do converge",
"\\item A Curve: ",
"HC is continuous",
"\\item Space-filling: ",
"Each point in the unit square is an output of HC",
"\\end{enumerate}",
]).split()
items[1].highlight(GREEN)
items[3].highlight(YELLOW_C)
items[5].highlight(MAROON)
Mobject(*items).to_edge(RIGHT)
self.add(definition)
self.play(ShimmerIn(intro))
self.wait()
self.play(Transform(intro, prove_that))
for item in items[1:-1]:
self.play(ShimmerIn(item))
self.wait()
def construct(self):
scale_factor = 0.9
grid = Grid(4, 4, point_thickness = 1)
curve = HilbertCurve(order = 2)
for mob in grid, curve:
mob.scale(scale_factor)
words = TextMobject("""
Sequence of curves is stable
$\\leftrightarrow$ existence of limit curve
""", size = "\\normal")
words.scale(1.25)
words.to_edge(UP)
self.add(curve, grid)
self.dither()
for n in range(3, 7):
if n == 5:
self.play(ShimmerIn(words))
new_grid = Grid(2**n, 2**n, point_thickness = 1)
new_curve = HilbertCurve(order = n)
for mob in new_grid, new_curve:
mob.scale(scale_factor)
self.play(
ShowCreation(new_grid),
Animation(curve)
)
self.remove(grid)
grid = new_grid
self.play(Transform(curve, new_curve))
self.dither()
def construct(self):
definition = TexMobject([
"\\text{HC}(", "x", ")",
"=\\lim_{n \\to \\infty}\\text{PHC}_n(", "x", ")"
])
definition.to_edge(UP)
definition.split()[1].highlight(BLUE)
definition.split()[-2].highlight(BLUE)
intro = TextMobject("Three things need to be proven")
prove_that = TextMobject("Prove that HC is $\\dots$")
prove_that.scale(0.7)
prove_that.to_edge(LEFT)
items = TextMobject([
"\\begin{enumerate}",
"\\item Well-defined: ",
"Points on Pseudo-Hilbert-curves really do converge",
"\\item A Curve: ",
"HC is continuous",
"\\item Space-filling: ",
"Each point in the unit square is an output of HC",
"\\end{enumerate}",
]).split()
items[1].highlight(GREEN)
items[3].highlight(YELLOW_C)
items[5].highlight(MAROON)
Mobject(*items).to_edge(RIGHT)
self.add(definition)
self.play(ShimmerIn(intro))
self.dither()
self.play(Transform(intro, prove_that))
for item in items[1:-1]:
self.play(ShimmerIn(item))
self.dither()
def construct(self):
scale_factor = 0.9
grid = Grid(4, 4, stroke_width=1)
curve = HilbertCurve(order=2)
for mob in grid, curve:
mob.scale(scale_factor)
words = TextMobject("""
Sequence of curves is stable
$\\leftrightarrow$ existence of limit curve
""",
size="\\normal")
words.scale(1.25)
words.to_edge(UP)
self.add(curve, grid)
self.wait()
for n in range(3, 7):
if n == 5:
self.play(ShimmerIn(words))
new_grid = Grid(2**n, 2**n, stroke_width=1)
new_curve = HilbertCurve(order=n)
for mob in new_grid, new_curve:
mob.scale(scale_factor)
self.play(ShowCreation(new_grid), Animation(curve))
self.remove(grid)
grid = new_grid
self.play(Transform(curve, new_curve))
self.wait()
def construct(self):
names = [
"Johann_Bernoulli2", "Jacob_Bernoulli",
"Gottfried_Wilhelm_von_Leibniz", "Newton"
]
guys = [ImageMobject(name, invert=False) for name in names]
johann = guys[0]
johann.scale(0.8)
pensive_johann = johann.copy()
pensive_johann.scale(0.25)
pensive_johann.to_corner(DOWN + LEFT)
comparitive_johann = johann.copy()
template = Square(side_length=2)
comparitive_johann.replace(template)
comparitive_johann.shift(UP + LEFT)
greater_than = TexMobject(">")
greater_than.next_to(comparitive_johann)
for guy, name in zip(guys, names)[1:]:
guy.replace(template)
guy.next_to(greater_than)
name_mob = TextMobject(name.replace("_", " "))
name_mob.scale(0.5)
name_mob.next_to(guy, DOWN)
guy.name_mob = name_mob
guy.sort_points(lambda p: np.dot(p, DOWN + RIGHT))
bubble = ThoughtBubble(initial_width=12)
bubble.stretch_to_fit_height(6)
bubble.ingest_submobjects()
bubble.pin_to(pensive_johann)
bubble.shift(DOWN)
point = Point(johann.get_corner(UP + RIGHT))
upper_point = Point(comparitive_johann.get_corner(UP + RIGHT))
lightbulb = ImageMobject("Lightbulb", invert=False)
lightbulb.scale(0.1)
lightbulb.sort_points(np.linalg.norm)
lightbulb.next_to(upper_point, RIGHT)
self.add(johann)
self.wait()
self.play(Transform(johann, pensive_johann),
Transform(point, bubble),
run_time=2)
self.remove(point)
self.add(bubble)
weakling = guys[1]
self.play(FadeIn(comparitive_johann), ShowCreation(greater_than),
FadeIn(weakling))
self.wait(2)
for guy in guys[2:]:
self.play(DelayByOrder(Transform(weakling, upper_point)))
self.play(FadeIn(guy), ShimmerIn(guy.name_mob))
self.wait(3)
self.remove(guy.name_mob)
weakling = guy
self.play(FadeOut(weakling), FadeOut(greater_than))
self.play(ShowCreation(lightbulb))
self.wait()
self.play(FadeOut(comparitive_johann), FadeOut(lightbulb))
self.play(ApplyMethod(Mobject(johann, bubble).scale, 10, run_time=3))
def discontinuous_point(self):
point_description = TextMobject("Point where the function jumps")
point_description.shift(3 * RIGHT)
discontinuous_at_A = TextMobject("``Discontinuous at A''",
size="\\Large")
discontinuous_at_A.shift(2 * UP).to_edge(LEFT)
text = TextMobject("""
Circle around ouput \\\\
points can never \\\\
be smaller than \\\\
the jump
""")
text.scale(0.75)
text.shift(3.5 * RIGHT)
input_value = 0.5
input_radius = 0.04
vary_circles = VaryCircles(
self,
input_value,
input_radius,
run_time=5,
)
for dot in self.input_dot, self.output_dot:
dot.center()
kwargs = {
"rate_func": lambda t: interpolate(0.45, input_value, smooth(t))
}
self.play(Homotopy(self.input_homotopy, self.input_dot, **kwargs),
Homotopy(self.output_homotopy, self.output_dot, **kwargs))
discontinuous_arrow = Arrow(discontinuous_at_A, self.input_dot)
arrow = Arrow(point_description,
self.output_dot,
buff=0.05,
color=self.output_color)
self.play(ShimmerIn(point_description), ShowCreation(arrow))
self.dither()
self.remove(point_description, arrow)
tup = self.get_circles_and_points(input_value - input_radius,
input_value + input_radius)
input_circle, input_points, output_circle, output_points = tup
input_points_copy = input_points.copy()
self.play(ShowCreation(input_circle))
self.play(ShowCreation(input_points))
self.play(Transform(input_points_copy, output_points), run_time=2)
self.play(ShowCreation(output_circle))
self.dither()
self.play(ShimmerIn(text))
self.remove(input_circle, input_points, output_circle,
input_points_copy)
self.play(vary_circles)
self.dither()
self.play(ShimmerIn(discontinuous_at_A),
ShowCreation(discontinuous_arrow))
self.dither(3)
self.remove(vary_circles.mobject, discontinuous_at_A,
discontinuous_arrow)
def construct(self):
logo = MirekOlsakLogo(self.camera)
series_title = TextMobject(self.series_str).to_edge(UP)
self.add(series_title)
chapter_title = TextMobject(self.chapter_str)
chapter_title.scale(1.4)
self.play(Write(chapter_title))
self.play(ShowCreation(logo))
self.dither(self.dither_time)
self.play(FadeOut(VGroup(series_title, chapter_title, logo)))
def add_title(self):
title = TextMobject("Clicky Stuffs")
title.scale(1.5)
title.to_edge(UP, buff = MED_SMALL_BUFF)
randy, morty = Randolph(), Mortimer()
for pi, vect in (randy, LEFT), (morty, RIGHT):
pi.scale_to_fit_height(title.get_height())
pi.change_mode("thinking")
pi.look(DOWN)
pi.next_to(title, vect, buff = MED_LARGE_BUFF)
self.add_foreground_mobjects(title, randy, morty)
def construct(self):
name = TextMobject("Steven Strogatz")
name.to_edge(UP)
contributions = TextMobject("Frequent Contributions")
contributions.scale(0.5).to_edge(RIGHT).shift(2 * UP)
books_word = TextMobject("Books")
books_word.scale(0.5).to_edge(LEFT).shift(2 * UP)
radio_lab, sci_fri, cornell, book2, book3, book4 = [
ImageMobject(filename, invert=False, filter_color=WHITE)
for filename in [
"radio_lab",
"science_friday",
"cornell",
"strogatz_book2",
"strogatz_book3",
"strogatz_book4",
]
]
book1 = ImageMobject("strogatz_book1", invert=False)
nyt = ImageMobject("new_york_times")
logos = [radio_lab, nyt, sci_fri]
books = [book1, book2, book3, book4]
sample_size = Square(side_length=2)
last = contributions
for image in logos:
image.replace(sample_size)
image.next_to(last, DOWN)
last = image
sci_fri.scale_in_place(0.9)
shift_val = 0
sample_size.scale(0.75)
for book in books:
book.replace(sample_size)
book.next_to(books_word, DOWN)
book.shift(shift_val * (RIGHT + DOWN))
shift_val += 0.5
sample_size.scale(2)
cornell.replace(sample_size)
cornell.next_to(name, DOWN)
self.add(name)
self.play(FadeIn(cornell))
self.play(ShimmerIn(books_word))
for book in books:
book.shift(5 * LEFT)
self.play(ApplyMethod(book.shift, 5 * RIGHT))
self.play(ShimmerIn(contributions))
for logo in logos:
self.play(FadeIn(logo))
self.dither()
def construct(self):
name = TextMobject("Steven Strogatz")
name.to_edge(UP)
contributions = TextMobject("Frequent Contributions")
contributions.scale(0.5).to_edge(RIGHT).shift(2*UP)
books_word = TextMobject("Books")
books_word.scale(0.5).to_edge(LEFT).shift(2*UP)
radio_lab, sci_fri, cornell, book2, book3, book4 = [
ImageMobject(filename, invert = False, filter_color = WHITE)
for filename in [
"radio_lab",
"science_friday",
"cornell",
"strogatz_book2",
"strogatz_book3",
"strogatz_book4",
]
]
book1 = ImageMobject("strogatz_book1", invert = False)
nyt = ImageMobject("new_york_times")
logos = [radio_lab, nyt, sci_fri]
books = [book1, book2, book3, book4]
sample_size = Square(side_length = 2)
last = contributions
for image in logos:
image.replace(sample_size)
image.next_to(last, DOWN)
last = image
sci_fri.scale_in_place(0.9)
shift_val = 0
sample_size.scale(0.75)
for book in books:
book.replace(sample_size)
book.next_to(books_word, DOWN)
book.shift(shift_val*(RIGHT+DOWN))
shift_val += 0.5
sample_size.scale(2)
cornell.replace(sample_size)
cornell.next_to(name, DOWN)
self.add(name)
self.play(FadeIn(cornell))
self.play(ShimmerIn(books_word))
for book in books:
book.shift(5*LEFT)
self.play(ApplyMethod(book.shift, 5*RIGHT))
self.play(ShimmerIn(contributions))
for logo in logos:
self.play(FadeIn(logo))
self.dither()
def construct(self):
horiz_radius = 5
vert_radius = 3
vert_axis = NumberLine(numerical_radius=vert_radius)
vert_axis.rotate(np.pi / 2)
vert_axis.shift(horiz_radius * LEFT)
horiz_axis = NumberLine(numerical_radius=5,
numbers_with_elongated_ticks=[])
axes = Mobject(horiz_axis, vert_axis)
graph = FunctionGraph(lambda x: 0.4 * (x - 2) * (x + 2) + 3,
x_min=-2,
x_max=2,
density=3 * DEFAULT_POINT_DENSITY_1D)
graph.stretch_to_fit_width(2 * horiz_radius)
graph.highlight(YELLOW)
min_point = Dot(graph.get_bottom())
nature_finds = TextMobject("Nature finds this point")
nature_finds.scale(0.5)
nature_finds.highlight(GREEN)
nature_finds.shift(2 * RIGHT + 3 * UP)
arrow = Arrow(nature_finds.get_bottom(), min_point, color=GREEN)
side_words_start = TextMobject("Parameter describing")
top_words, last_side_words = [
map(TextMobject, pair)
for pair in [("Light's travel time",
"Potential energy"), ("path", "mechanical state")]
]
for word in top_words + last_side_words + [side_words_start]:
word.scale(0.7)
side_words_start.next_to(horiz_axis, DOWN)
side_words_start.to_edge(RIGHT)
for words in top_words:
words.next_to(vert_axis, UP)
words.to_edge(LEFT)
for words in last_side_words:
words.next_to(side_words_start, DOWN)
for words in top_words[1], last_side_words[1]:
words.highlight(RED)
self.add(axes, top_words[0], side_words_start, last_side_words[0])
self.play(ShowCreation(graph))
self.play(ShimmerIn(nature_finds), ShowCreation(arrow),
ShowCreation(min_point))
self.dither()
self.play(FadeOut(top_words[0]), FadeOut(last_side_words[0]),
GrowFromCenter(top_words[1]),
GrowFromCenter(last_side_words[1]))
self.dither(3)
def finite_analog(self, left_mob, arrow, right_mob):
self.clear()
self.add(left_mob, arrow, right_mob)
ex = TextMobject("\\times")
ex.highlight(RED)
# ex.shift(arrow.get_center())
middle = TexMobject(
"\\sum_{n=0}^N 2^n \\equiv -1 \\mod 2^{N+1}"
)
finite_analog = TextMobject("Finite analog")
finite_analog.scale(0.8)
brace = Brace(middle, UP)
finite_analog.next_to(brace, UP)
new_left = left_mob.copy().to_edge(LEFT)
new_right = right_mob.copy().to_edge(RIGHT)
left_arrow, right_arrow = [
Arrow(
mob1.get_right()[0]*RIGHT,
mob2.get_left()[0]*RIGHT,
buff = 0
)
for mob1, mob2 in [
(new_left, middle),
(middle, new_right)
]
]
for mob in ex, middle:
mob.sort_points(np.linalg.norm)
self.play(GrowFromCenter(ex))
self.dither()
self.play(
Transform(left_mob, new_left),
Transform(arrow.copy(), left_arrow),
DelayByOrder(Transform(ex, middle)),
Transform(arrow, right_arrow),
Transform(right_mob, new_right)
)
self.play(
GrowFromCenter(brace),
ShimmerIn(finite_analog)
)
self.dither()
self.equivalence(
left_mob,
left_arrow,
Mobject(middle, brace, finite_analog)
)
def label(self, text, time = 5):
mob = TextMobject(text)
mob.scale(1.5)
mob.to_edge(UP)
rectangle = region_from_polygon_vertices(*[
mob.get_corner(vect) + 0.3*vect
for vect in [
UP+RIGHT,
UP+LEFT,
DOWN+LEFT,
DOWN+RIGHT
]
])
mob.highlight(self.text_color)
rectangle = MobjectFromRegion(rectangle, "#111111")
rectangle.point_thickness = 3
self.add(rectangle, mob)
self.dither(time)
self.remove(mob, rectangle)
def construct(self):
words1 = TextMobject(
"If you watched my video about Hilbert's space-filling curve\\dots"
)
words2 = TextMobject(
"\\dots you might be curious to see what a few other space-filling curves look like."
)
words2.scale(0.8)
for words in words1, words2:
words.to_edge(UP, buff=0.2)
self.setup(HilbertCurve)
self.play(ShimmerIn(words1))
for x in range(4):
self.increase_order()
self.remove(words1)
self.increase_order(ShimmerIn(words2))
for x in range(4):
self.increase_order()
def construct(self):
words1 = TextMobject("""
But of course, there's no reason we should limit
ourselves to filling in squares.
""")
words2 = TextMobject("""
Here's a simple triangle-filling curve I defined
in a style reflective of a Hilbert curve.
""")
words1.to_edge(UP)
words2.scale(0.8).to_edge(UP, buff=0.2)
self.setup(TriangleFillingCurve)
self.play(ShimmerIn(words1))
for x in range(3):
self.increase_order()
self.remove(words1)
self.add(words2)
for x in range(5):
self.increase_order()
def construct(self):
words1 = TextMobject("""
But of course, there's no reason we should limit
ourselves to filling in squares.
""")
words2 = TextMobject("""
Here's a simple triangle-filling curve I defined
in a style reflective of a Hilbert curve.
""")
words1.to_edge(UP)
words2.scale(0.8).to_edge(UP, buff = 0.2)
self.setup(TriangleFillingCurve)
self.play(ShimmerIn(words1))
for x in range(3):
self.increase_order()
self.remove(words1)
self.add(words2)
for x in range(5):
self.increase_order()
def construct(self):
words1 = TextMobject(
"If you watched my video about Hilbert's space-filling curve\\dots"
)
words2 = TextMobject(
"\\dots you might be curious to see what a few other space-filling curves look like."
)
words2.scale(0.8)
for words in words1, words2:
words.to_edge(UP, buff = 0.2)
self.setup(HilbertCurve)
self.play(ShimmerIn(words1))
for x in range(4):
self.increase_order()
self.remove(words1)
self.increase_order(
ShimmerIn(words2)
)
for x in range(4):
self.increase_order()
def construct(self):
horiz_radius = 5
vert_radius = 3
vert_axis = NumberLine(numerical_radius = vert_radius)
vert_axis.rotate(np.pi/2)
vert_axis.shift(horiz_radius*LEFT)
horiz_axis = NumberLine(
numerical_radius = 5,
numbers_with_elongated_ticks = []
)
axes = Mobject(horiz_axis, vert_axis)
graph = FunctionGraph(
lambda x : 0.4*(x-2)*(x+2)+3,
x_min = -2,
x_max = 2,
density = 3*DEFAULT_POINT_DENSITY_1D
)
graph.stretch_to_fit_width(2*horiz_radius)
graph.highlight(YELLOW)
min_point = Dot(graph.get_bottom())
nature_finds = TextMobject("Nature finds this point")
nature_finds.scale(0.5)
nature_finds.highlight(GREEN)
nature_finds.shift(2*RIGHT+3*UP)
arrow = Arrow(
nature_finds.get_bottom(), min_point,
color = GREEN
)
side_words_start = TextMobject("Parameter describing")
top_words, last_side_words = [
map(TextMobject, pair)
for pair in [
("Light's travel time", "Potential energy"),
("path", "mechanical state")
]
]
for word in top_words + last_side_words + [side_words_start]:
word.scale(0.7)
side_words_start.next_to(horiz_axis, DOWN)
side_words_start.to_edge(RIGHT)
for words in top_words:
words.next_to(vert_axis, UP)
words.to_edge(LEFT)
for words in last_side_words:
words.next_to(side_words_start, DOWN)
for words in top_words[1], last_side_words[1]:
words.highlight(RED)
self.add(
axes, top_words[0], side_words_start,
last_side_words[0]
)
self.play(ShowCreation(graph))
self.play(
ShimmerIn(nature_finds),
ShowCreation(arrow),
ShowCreation(min_point)
)
self.dither()
self.play(
FadeOut(top_words[0]),
FadeOut(last_side_words[0]),
GrowFromCenter(top_words[1]),
GrowFromCenter(last_side_words[1])
)
self.dither(3)
def construct(self):
clock = Circle(radius=2, color=WHITE)
clock.add(Dot(ORIGIN))
ticks = Mobject(*[
Line(1.8 * vect, 2 * vect, color=GREY)
for vect in compass_directions(12)
])
clock.add(ticks)
hour_hand = Line(ORIGIN, UP)
minute_hand = Line(ORIGIN, 1.5 * UP)
clock.add(hour_hand, minute_hand)
clock.to_corner(UP + RIGHT)
hour_hand.get_center = lambda: clock.get_center()
minute_hand.get_center = lambda: clock.get_center()
solution = ImageMobject("Newton_brachistochrone_solution2",
use_cache=False)
solution.stroke_width = 3
solution.highlight(GREY)
solution.scale_to_fit_width(5)
solution.to_corner(UP + RIGHT)
newton = ImageMobject("Old_Newton", invert=False)
newton.scale(0.8)
phil_trans = TextMobject("Philosophical Transactions")
rect = Rectangle(height=6, width=4.5, color=WHITE)
rect.to_corner(UP + RIGHT)
rect.shift(DOWN)
phil_trans.scale_to_fit_width(0.8 * rect.get_width())
phil_trans.next_to(Point(rect.get_top()), DOWN)
new_solution = solution.copy()
new_solution.scale_to_fit_width(phil_trans.get_width())
new_solution.next_to(phil_trans, DOWN, buff=1)
not_newton = TextMobject("-Totally not by Newton")
not_newton.scale_to_fit_width(2.5)
not_newton.next_to(new_solution, DOWN, aligned_edge=RIGHT)
phil_trans.add(rect)
newton_complaint = TextMobject([
"``I do not love to be", " \\emph{dunned} ",
"and teased by foreigners''"
],
size="\\small")
newton_complaint.to_edge(UP, buff=0.2)
dunned = newton_complaint.split()[1]
dunned.highlight()
dunned_def = TextMobject(
"(old timey term for making \\\\ demands on someone)")
dunned_def.scale(0.7)
dunned_def.next_to(phil_trans, LEFT)
dunned_def.shift(2 * UP)
dunned_arrow = Arrow(dunned_def, dunned)
johann = ImageMobject("Johann_Bernoulli2", invert=False)
johann.scale(0.4)
johann.to_edge(LEFT)
johann.shift(DOWN)
johann_quote = TextMobject("``I recognize the lion by his claw''")
johann_quote.next_to(johann, UP, aligned_edge=LEFT)
self.play(ApplyMethod(newton.to_edge, LEFT))
self.play(ShowCreation(clock))
kwargs = {"axis": OUT, "rate_func": smooth}
self.play(Rotating(hour_hand, radians=-2 * np.pi, **kwargs),
Rotating(minute_hand, radians=-12 * 2 * np.pi, **kwargs),
run_time=5)
self.wait()
self.clear()
self.add(newton)
clock.ingest_submobjects()
self.play(Transform(clock, solution))
self.remove(clock)
self.add(solution)
self.wait()
self.play(FadeIn(phil_trans), Transform(solution, new_solution))
self.wait()
self.play(ShimmerIn(not_newton))
phil_trans.add(solution, not_newton)
self.wait()
self.play(*map(ShimmerIn, newton_complaint.split()))
self.wait()
self.play(ShimmerIn(dunned_def), ShowCreation(dunned_arrow))
self.wait()
self.remove(dunned_def, dunned_arrow)
self.play(FadeOut(newton_complaint))
self.remove(newton_complaint)
self.play(FadeOut(newton), GrowFromCenter(johann))
self.remove(newton)
self.wait()
self.play(ShimmerIn(johann_quote))
self.wait()
def construct(self):
names = [
"Johann_Bernoulli2",
"Jacob_Bernoulli",
"Gottfried_Wilhelm_von_Leibniz",
"Newton"
]
guys = [
ImageMobject(name, invert = False)
for name in names
]
johann = guys[0]
johann.scale(0.8)
pensive_johann = johann.copy()
pensive_johann.scale(0.25)
pensive_johann.to_corner(DOWN+LEFT)
comparitive_johann = johann.copy()
template = Square(side_length = 2)
comparitive_johann.replace(template)
comparitive_johann.shift(UP+LEFT)
greater_than = TexMobject(">")
greater_than.next_to(comparitive_johann)
for guy, name in zip(guys, names)[1:]:
guy.replace(template)
guy.next_to(greater_than)
name_mob = TextMobject(name.replace("_", " "))
name_mob.scale(0.5)
name_mob.next_to(guy, DOWN)
guy.name_mob = name_mob
guy.sort_points(lambda p : np.dot(p, DOWN+RIGHT))
bubble = ThoughtBubble(initial_width = 12)
bubble.stretch_to_fit_height(6)
bubble.ingest_submobjects()
bubble.pin_to(pensive_johann)
bubble.shift(DOWN)
point = Point(johann.get_corner(UP+RIGHT))
upper_point = Point(comparitive_johann.get_corner(UP+RIGHT))
lightbulb = ImageMobject("Lightbulb", invert = False)
lightbulb.scale(0.1)
lightbulb.sort_points(np.linalg.norm)
lightbulb.next_to(upper_point, RIGHT)
self.add(johann)
self.dither()
self.play(
Transform(johann, pensive_johann),
Transform(point, bubble),
run_time = 2
)
self.remove(point)
self.add(bubble)
weakling = guys[1]
self.play(
FadeIn(comparitive_johann),
ShowCreation(greater_than),
FadeIn(weakling)
)
self.dither(2)
for guy in guys[2:]:
self.play(DelayByOrder(Transform(
weakling, upper_point
)))
self.play(
FadeIn(guy),
ShimmerIn(guy.name_mob)
)
self.dither(3)
self.remove(guy.name_mob)
weakling = guy
self.play(FadeOut(weakling), FadeOut(greater_than))
self.play(ShowCreation(lightbulb))
self.dither()
self.play(FadeOut(comparitive_johann), FadeOut(lightbulb))
self.play(ApplyMethod(
Mobject(johann, bubble).scale, 10,
run_time = 3
))
def construct(self):
word = TextMobject(["Bra", "chis", "to", "chrone"])
original_word = word.copy()
dots = []
for part in word.split():
if dots:
part.next_to(dots[-1], buff = 0.06)
dot = TexMobject("\\cdot")
dot.next_to(part, buff = 0.06)
dots.append(dot)
dots = Mobject(*dots[:-1])
dots.shift(0.1*DOWN)
Mobject(word, dots).center()
overbrace1 = Brace(Mobject(*word.split()[:-1]), UP)
overbrace2 = Brace(word.split()[-1], UP)
shortest = TextMobject("Shortest")
shortest.next_to(overbrace1, UP)
shortest.highlight(YELLOW)
time = TextMobject("Time")
time.next_to(overbrace2, UP)
time.highlight(YELLOW)
chrono_example = TextMobject("""
As in ``Chronological'' \\\\
or ``Synchronize''
""")
chrono_example.scale(0.5)
chrono_example.to_edge(RIGHT)
chrono_example.shift(2*UP)
chrono_example.highlight(BLUE_D)
chrono_arrow = Arrow(
word.get_right(),
chrono_example.get_bottom(),
color = BLUE_D
)
brachy_example = TextMobject("As in . . . brachydactyly?")
brachy_example.scale(0.5)
brachy_example.to_edge(LEFT)
brachy_example.shift(2*DOWN)
brachy_example.highlight(GREEN)
brachy_arrow = Arrow(
word.get_left(),
brachy_example.get_top(),
color = GREEN
)
pronunciation = TextMobject(["/br", "e", "kist","e","kr$\\bar{o}$n/"])
pronunciation.split()[1].rotate_in_place(np.pi)
pronunciation.split()[3].rotate_in_place(np.pi)
pronunciation.scale(0.7)
pronunciation.shift(DOWN)
latin = TextMobject(list("Latin"))
greek = TextMobject(list("Greek"))
for mob in latin, greek:
mob.to_edge(LEFT)
question_mark = TextMobject("?").next_to(greek, buff = 0.1)
stars = Stars().highlight(BLACK)
stars.scale(0.5).shift(question_mark.get_center())
self.play(Transform(original_word, word), ShowCreation(dots))
self.play(ShimmerIn(pronunciation))
self.dither()
self.play(
GrowFromCenter(overbrace1),
GrowFromCenter(overbrace2)
)
self.dither()
self.play(ShimmerIn(latin))
self.play(FadeIn(question_mark))
self.play(Transform(
latin, greek,
path_func = counterclockwise_path()
))
self.dither()
self.play(Transform(question_mark, stars))
self.remove(stars)
self.dither()
self.play(ShimmerIn(shortest))
self.play(ShimmerIn(time))
for ex, ar in [(chrono_example, chrono_arrow), (brachy_example, brachy_arrow)]:
self.play(
ShowCreation(ar),
ShimmerIn(ex)
)
self.dither()
def construct(self):
word = TextMobject(["Bra", "chis", "to", "chrone"])
original_word = word.copy()
dots = []
for part in word.split():
if dots:
part.next_to(dots[-1], buff=0.06)
dot = TexMobject("\\cdot")
dot.next_to(part, buff=0.06)
dots.append(dot)
dots = Mobject(*dots[:-1])
dots.shift(0.1 * DOWN)
Mobject(word, dots).center()
overbrace1 = Brace(Mobject(*word.split()[:-1]), UP)
overbrace2 = Brace(word.split()[-1], UP)
shortest = TextMobject("Shortest")
shortest.next_to(overbrace1, UP)
shortest.highlight(YELLOW)
time = TextMobject("Time")
time.next_to(overbrace2, UP)
time.highlight(YELLOW)
chrono_example = TextMobject("""
As in ``Chronological'' \\\\
or ``Synchronize''
""")
chrono_example.scale(0.5)
chrono_example.to_edge(RIGHT)
chrono_example.shift(2 * UP)
chrono_example.highlight(BLUE_D)
chrono_arrow = Arrow(word.get_right(),
chrono_example.get_bottom(),
color=BLUE_D)
brachy_example = TextMobject("As in . . . brachydactyly?")
brachy_example.scale(0.5)
brachy_example.to_edge(LEFT)
brachy_example.shift(2 * DOWN)
brachy_example.highlight(GREEN)
brachy_arrow = Arrow(word.get_left(),
brachy_example.get_top(),
color=GREEN)
pronunciation = TextMobject(
["/br", "e", "kist", "e", "kr$\\bar{o}$n/"])
pronunciation.split()[1].rotate_in_place(np.pi)
pronunciation.split()[3].rotate_in_place(np.pi)
pronunciation.scale(0.7)
pronunciation.shift(DOWN)
latin = TextMobject(list("Latin"))
greek = TextMobject(list("Greek"))
for mob in latin, greek:
mob.to_edge(LEFT)
question_mark = TextMobject("?").next_to(greek, buff=0.1)
stars = Stars().highlight(BLACK)
stars.scale(0.5).shift(question_mark.get_center())
self.play(Transform(original_word, word), ShowCreation(dots))
self.play(ShimmerIn(pronunciation))
self.dither()
self.play(GrowFromCenter(overbrace1), GrowFromCenter(overbrace2))
self.dither()
self.play(ShimmerIn(latin))
self.play(FadeIn(question_mark))
self.play(Transform(latin, greek, path_func=counterclockwise_path()))
self.dither()
self.play(Transform(question_mark, stars))
self.remove(stars)
self.dither()
self.play(ShimmerIn(shortest))
self.play(ShimmerIn(time))
for ex, ar in [(chrono_example, chrono_arrow),
(brachy_example, brachy_arrow)]:
self.play(ShowCreation(ar), ShimmerIn(ex))
self.dither()
def construct(self):
clock = Circle(radius = 2, color = WHITE)
clock.add(Dot(ORIGIN))
ticks = Mobject(*[
Line(1.8*vect, 2*vect, color = GREY)
for vect in compass_directions(12)
])
clock.add(ticks)
hour_hand = Line(ORIGIN, UP)
minute_hand = Line(ORIGIN, 1.5*UP)
clock.add(hour_hand, minute_hand)
clock.to_corner(UP+RIGHT)
hour_hand.get_center = lambda : clock.get_center()
minute_hand.get_center = lambda : clock.get_center()
solution = ImageMobject(
"Newton_brachistochrone_solution2",
use_cache = False
)
solution.stroke_width = 3
solution.highlight(GREY)
solution.scale_to_fit_width(5)
solution.to_corner(UP+RIGHT)
newton = ImageMobject("Old_Newton", invert = False)
newton.scale(0.8)
phil_trans = TextMobject("Philosophical Transactions")
rect = Rectangle(height = 6, width = 4.5, color = WHITE)
rect.to_corner(UP+RIGHT)
rect.shift(DOWN)
phil_trans.scale_to_fit_width(0.8*rect.get_width())
phil_trans.next_to(Point(rect.get_top()), DOWN)
new_solution = solution.copy()
new_solution.scale_to_fit_width(phil_trans.get_width())
new_solution.next_to(phil_trans, DOWN, buff = 1)
not_newton = TextMobject("-Totally not by Newton")
not_newton.scale_to_fit_width(2.5)
not_newton.next_to(new_solution, DOWN, aligned_edge = RIGHT)
phil_trans.add(rect)
newton_complaint = TextMobject([
"``I do not love to be",
" \\emph{dunned} ",
"and teased by foreigners''"
], size = "\\small")
newton_complaint.to_edge(UP, buff = 0.2)
dunned = newton_complaint.split()[1]
dunned.highlight()
dunned_def = TextMobject("(old timey term for making \\\\ demands on someone)")
dunned_def.scale(0.7)
dunned_def.next_to(phil_trans, LEFT)
dunned_def.shift(2*UP)
dunned_arrow = Arrow(dunned_def, dunned)
johann = ImageMobject("Johann_Bernoulli2", invert = False)
johann.scale(0.4)
johann.to_edge(LEFT)
johann.shift(DOWN)
johann_quote = TextMobject("``I recognize the lion by his claw''")
johann_quote.next_to(johann, UP, aligned_edge = LEFT)
self.play(ApplyMethod(newton.to_edge, LEFT))
self.play(ShowCreation(clock))
kwargs = {
"axis" : OUT,
"rate_func" : smooth
}
self.play(
Rotating(hour_hand, radians = -2*np.pi, **kwargs),
Rotating(minute_hand, radians = -12*2*np.pi, **kwargs),
run_time = 5
)
self.dither()
self.clear()
self.add(newton)
clock.ingest_submobjects()
self.play(Transform(clock, solution))
self.remove(clock)
self.add(solution)
self.dither()
self.play(
FadeIn(phil_trans),
Transform(solution, new_solution)
)
self.dither()
self.play(ShimmerIn(not_newton))
phil_trans.add(solution, not_newton)
self.dither()
self.play(*map(ShimmerIn, newton_complaint.split()))
self.dither()
self.play(
ShimmerIn(dunned_def),
ShowCreation(dunned_arrow)
)
self.dither()
self.remove(dunned_def, dunned_arrow)
self.play(FadeOut(newton_complaint))
self.remove(newton_complaint)
self.play(
FadeOut(newton),
GrowFromCenter(johann)
)
self.remove(newton)
self.dither()
self.play(ShimmerIn(johann_quote))
self.dither()
def discontinuous_point(self):
point_description = TextMobject(
"Point where the function jumps"
)
point_description.shift(3*RIGHT)
discontinuous_at_A = TextMobject(
"``Discontinuous at A''",
size = "\\Large"
)
discontinuous_at_A.shift(2*UP).to_edge(LEFT)
text = TextMobject("""
Circle around ouput \\\\
points can never \\\\
be smaller than \\\\
the jump
""")
text.scale(0.75)
text.shift(3.5*RIGHT)
input_value = 0.5
input_radius = 0.04
vary_circles = VaryCircles(
self, input_value, input_radius,
run_time = 5,
)
for dot in self.input_dot, self.output_dot:
dot.center()
kwargs = {
"rate_func" : lambda t : interpolate(0.45, input_value, smooth(t))
}
self.play(
Homotopy(self.input_homotopy, self.input_dot, **kwargs),
Homotopy(self.output_homotopy, self.output_dot, **kwargs)
)
discontinuous_arrow = Arrow(discontinuous_at_A, self.input_dot)
arrow = Arrow(
point_description, self.output_dot,
buff = 0.05,
color = self.output_color
)
self.play(
ShimmerIn(point_description),
ShowCreation(arrow)
)
self.dither()
self.remove(point_description, arrow)
tup = self.get_circles_and_points(
input_value-input_radius,
input_value+input_radius
)
input_circle, input_points, output_circle, output_points = tup
input_points_copy = input_points.copy()
self.play(ShowCreation(input_circle))
self.play(ShowCreation(input_points))
self.play(
Transform(input_points_copy, output_points),
run_time = 2
)
self.play(ShowCreation(output_circle))
self.dither()
self.play(ShimmerIn(text))
self.remove(input_circle, input_points, output_circle, input_points_copy)
self.play(vary_circles)
self.dither()
self.play(
ShimmerIn(discontinuous_at_A),
ShowCreation(discontinuous_arrow)
)
self.dither(3)
self.remove(vary_circles.mobject, discontinuous_at_A, discontinuous_arrow)
