import mystuff #Bring in the my stuff programs procdure
myStuff = {
'apple': "apples"
} #Create dictionary containing the word apple with the name apple
class Mystuff(object): #Make a class with the name Mystuff
def __init__(self): #an initialization procedure with the object self
self.tangerine = "And now a thousand years between" #make an variable tangerine containing the string
def apple(self): #procedure with the object self
print "I AM CLASSY APPLES!"
thing = Mystuff() #give thing all the propreties of the Mystuff class
thing.apple() #call the apple procedure from the Mystuff class through thing
print thing.tangerine #print the contents of the tangerine variable
print myStuff[
'apple'] #Print what is under the apple keyword in the myStuff dictionary
mystuff.apple() #run the apple procedure imported from the mystuff module
print mystuff.tangerine #print the tangerine variable from the mystuff module
my_stuff = {'apple':'I AM APPLES!'}
# prints I AM APPLES!
print my_stuff['apple'] # get apple from a dict
##### Modules are like dictionaries ####
### A module is a specialized dictionary that can store Python code
# so you can access it using "." operator.
# A module is a Python file with some functions or variables in it.
# This file must be imported before you can access it in other Python file.
# You can access a module after importing it using "." operator.
mystuff.apple() # calls the apple() method in mystuff module.
print mystuff.tangerine # access variable tangerine in mystuff module.
#### Classes are like mini-modules ####
### A class is a way to take a grouping of functions and data and place
# them inside a container so you can access them with the '.' operator.
# Classes are like blueprints or definitions for creating new mini-modules.
# Instantiation is how you make one of these mini-modules and import it at the same time.
# The resulting created mini-module is called an object and you then assign it to
# a variable to work with it.
class MyStuff(object):
def __init__(self):
self.tangerine = "And now thousand years between"
import mystuff mystuff.apple() print(mystuff.tangerine) mystuff['яблоко'] # получаем apple из словаря mystuff.apple() # получаем apple из модуля mystuff.tangerine # аналогично, это обычная переменная
#### Dictionaries ####
my_stuff = {'apple': 'I AM APPLES!'}
# prints I AM APPLES!
print my_stuff['apple'] # get apple from a dict
##### Modules are like dictionaries ####
### A module is a specialized dictionary that can store Python code
# so you can access it using "." operator.
# A module is a Python file with some functions or variables in it.
# This file must be imported before you can access it in other Python file.
# You can access a module after importing it using "." operator.
mystuff.apple() # calls the apple() method in mystuff module.
print mystuff.tangerine # access variable tangerine in mystuff module.
#### Classes are like mini-modules ####
### A class is a way to take a grouping of functions and data and place
# them inside a container so you can access them with the '.' operator.
# Classes are like blueprints or definitions for creating new mini-modules.
# Instantiation is how you make one of these mini-modules and import it at the same time.
# The resulting created mini-module is called an object and you then assign it to
# a variable to work with it.
class MyStuff(object):
def __init__(self):
import mystuff mystuff['apple'] # get apple from dict mystuff.apple() # get apple from module mystuff.tangerine # same thing, it's just a variable
#dict style
mystuff = {'apple': "I am apples!"}
print(mystuff['apple'])
#module style
#this goes in mystuff.py
def apple():
print("I am apples!")
tangerine = "Living reflection of a dream"
import mystuff
mystuff.apple() #利用module访问函数
print(mystuff.tangerine) #利用module访问变量
#class style
class Mystuff(object):
def __init__(self): ##将类实例化得到object
self.tangerine = "And now a thousand years between"
def apple(self):
print("I am classy apples!")
thing = Mystuff()
thing.apple()
import mystuff
print mystuff.apple()
print mystuff.tangerine
mystuff_object = mystuff.MyStuff()
mystuff_object.apple()
class Song(object):
def __init__(self, lyrics):
self.lyrics = lyrics
def sing_me_a_song(self):
for line in self.lyrics:
print line
happy_bday = Song(["Happy birthdaty to you", "I don't want to get sued", "So I'll stop right there"])
bulls_on_parade = Song(["They rally around tha family", "With pockets full of shells"])
happy_bday.sing_me_a_song()
bulls_on_parade.sing_me_a_song()
# function in it called apple, and a variable called tangerine.
# This goes in mystuff.py
def apple():
print("I AM APPLES!")
tangerine = "Living reflection of a dream"
# I can then use the module mystuff with import and then access the apple
# function:
#
import mystuff
mystuff.apple() # Have to reference where the apple function comes from
# I think before you were importing 'thing as thing' to make it shorter
print(mystuff.tangerine)
# Let's compare syntax:
mystuff['apple'] # get apple from dict
mystuff.apple() # get function apple from the module
mystuff.tangerine # same thing, it's just a variable
# This means we have a very common pattern in Python:
# 1. Take a key=value style container.
# 2. Get something out of it by the key’s name.
# In the case of the dictionary, the key is a string and the syntax is
# [key].
#
# Exercise 40: Modules, Classes, and Objects
#
#
#
#
#
#
#
# __________________________________________________
#
#
#
#---------------------------------------------------------|
import mystuff
mystuff.apple() #executes 'apples' function
print mystuff.tangerine
# Modules are like Dictionaries
mystuff = {'apple': "I AM APPLES!"}
print mystuff['apple'] # prints the value for 'apples'
# Module review
# 1. A Python file with some functions
# 2. You import the file
# 3. You can then access functions or variables
# using the . (dot) operator
#mystuff.apple()
# this
mystuff = {"apple": "I AM APPLES!"}
print(mystuff["apple"])
# is the same as this, because there I defined the apple function as being print("I AM APPLES!")
import mystuff
mystuff.apple() # note difference between 7 and 8; 7 is calling a FUNCTION from MODULE mystuff; 8 is calling a variable defined there
print(mystuff.tangerine)
# very common pattern in Python: 1, take a key=value style container; 2, get something out of it by the key's name
# e.g., in a dict, the key is a string and the syntax is [key]; in a module, key is an identifier, and the syntax is .key (dot)
# class is similar: take functions and data and place inside a class, and access them with . (dot)
class MyStuff(object):
def __init__(self):
self.tangerine = "And now a thousand years between" # SELF refers to the class itself
def apple(self):
print("I AM CLASSY APPLES!")
# if a class is a mini-module, there has to be a concept similar to IMPORT for classes; it's called INSTANTIATE (i.e., create); when you INSTANTIATE, you get an OBJECT
## INSTANTIATE is to CLASS what IMPORT is to MODULE
## INSTANTIATE means "create an object from a class"; you INSTANTIATE a class by calling the class like you'd call a function (i.e., variable = function())
thing = MyStuff()
thing.apple() # remember the idea of "with open("doc.txt") as f", f would work just like THING here
print(thing.tangerine)
# Getting Things from Things
# dict style
print(mystuff["apple"]) # pylint shows "error" because ln 6 imports a module of the same name as the dict, and it gets confused, but it's fine
#-------------
# 你可以通过import mystuff 这个module的方法引入
import mystuff
mystuff,apple()
#-------
#你也可以在里面添加一个变量named -----tangerine
def apple():
print("I AM APPLES!")
tangerine = "Living reflection of dream"#这里仅仅是个变量而已。
#------
当然还有同样的方法：
import mystuff
mystuff.apple()
print(mystuff.tangerine)
# 回顾一下“字典”的语法，非常类似，但是语法也有所不同。下面进行比较：
mystuff['apple']#从字典里得到apple
mystuff.apple()#从 Module里得到apple的方法。
mystuff.tangerine # 同样的，这里只是个变量而已。
# 这意味着 我们有一个“非常”普通的pattern里。
#1.获得一个 key= 数值类型容器
#2.通过 key 的名字得出一些东西。
'''
总结：
A1 当它是字典的时候，这个 key 是一个字符串，其语法是 [key].
A2 当它是module的时候，这个key是一个 辨识符（identifier）,语法是 .key
mystuff = {'apple': "I AM APPLES!"}
print(mystuff['apples'])
#This goes in mystuff.py
def apple():
print("I AM APPLES!")
import mystuff
mystuff.apple()
#This is an variable
tangerine = "Living reflection of a dream"
import mystuff
mystuff.apple()
print(mystuff.tangerine)
mystuff['apple'] #Get apple form dict
mystuff.apple() #Get apple fromt the module
mystuff.tangerine #Same thing, it's just a variable.
#Dict Style
mystuff['apples']
#Module Style
mystuff.apples()
print(mystuff.tangerine)
#Class Style
mystuff = {'apple': "I AM APPLES"} # {} makes dictionary. It means 'apple' is 'I AM APPLES'
print(mystuff['apple']) # print 'apple' from 'mystuff' dictionary
import mystuff # take mystuff.py in this py file
mystuff.apple() # in mystuff.py, order apple is defined
print(mystuff.tangerine) # printing tangerine in mystuff.py
class MyStuff(object): # 'class' can making order. we make order 'MyStuff'
def __init__(self):
self.tangerine = "And now a thousand years between"
# __init__ is initialize. we define tangerine already. but using __init__, we make new tangerine
def apple(self):
print("I AM CLASSY APPLES!")
# end class MyStuff
thing = MyStuff()
thing.apple()
print(thing.tangerine)
class Song(object):
def __init__(self, lyrics):
self.lyrics = lyrics
def sing_me_a_song(self):
for line in self.lyrics:
mystuff = {'apple': "I AM APPLES!"}
print(mystuff['apple']) # key is 'apple'
# this is a module mystuff.py
def apple():
print("I AM APPLES")
import mystuff
mystuff.apple()
def apple():
print("I AM APPLES!")
# this is just a variable
tangerine = "Living reflection of a dream"
import mystuff
mystuff.apple()
print(mystuff.tangerine)
mystuff['apple'] # get apple from dict
mystuff.apple() # get apple from module
mystuff.tangerine # same thing, it's just a variable
# dict style
mystuff['apples']
#mystuff = {'apple': "I AM APPLES!"}
#print(mystuff['apple'])
import mystuff
#mystuff.apple()
#print(mystuff.tangerine)
mystuff['apple'] # get apple from dict
mystuff.apple() # get apple from the module
mystuff.tangerine # same thing, it's just a variable
import mystuff mystuff.apple() print(mystuff.tangerine) # mystuff['apple'] # get apple from dict mystuff.apple() # get apple from the module mystuff.tangerine # same thing, it's just a variable
import mystuff as my my.apple() print(my.name)
# -*-coding:utf-8
mystuff = {'apple' : "I AM APPLES!"}
print (mystuff['apple'])
import mystuff
mystuff.apple()
print(mystuff.tangerine)
class MyStuff(object):
def __init__(self):
self.tangerine = "And now a thousand years between"
def apple(self):
print("I AM CLASSY APPLES!")
# end class MyStuff
thing = MyStuff()
thing.apple()
print(thing.tangerine)
class Song(object):
def __init__(self, lyrics):
self.lyrics = lyrics
# -*-coding:utf8
# http://learnpythonthehardway.org/book/ex40.html
mystuff = {'apple': "I AM APPLES!"}
print(mystuff['apple']) # mystuff['apple'] 은 get apple from dict
import mystuff
mystuff.apple() # mystuff.apple() 은 get apple from the module
print(mystuff.tangerine) # mystuff.tangerine 은 same thing, it's just a vatiable
class MyStuff(object):
def __init__(self):
self.tangerine = "And now a thounsand years between"
def apple(self):
print("I AN CLASSY APPLES!")
# end class MyStuff
thing = MyStuff()
thing.apple()
print(thing.tangerine)
class Song(object):
def __init__(self, lyrics):
self.lyrics = lyrics
def sing_me_a_song(self):
import mystuff mystuff.apple() print(mystuff.tangerine)
import mystuff mystuff.apple() # truy cap vao ham print mystuff.a # truy cap vao bien