def test_pow(self):
self.failUnlessRaises(TypeError, operator.pow)
self.failUnlessRaises(TypeError, operator.pow, None, None)
self.failUnless(operator.pow(3,5) == 3**5)
self.failUnless(operator.__pow__(3,5) == 3**5)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.pow, 1)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.pow, 1, 2, 3)
def test_pow(self):
self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.pow)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.pow, None, None)
self.assertTrue(operator.pow(3, 5) == 3**5)
self.assertTrue(operator.__pow__(3, 5) == 3**5)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.pow, 1)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.pow, 1, 2, 3)
def test_pow(self):
self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.pow)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.pow, None, None)
self.assertEqual(operator.pow(3, 5), 3 ** 5)
self.assertEqual(operator.__pow__(3, 5), 3 ** 5)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.pow, 1)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.pow, 1, 2, 3)
def test_pow(self):
self.failUnlessRaises(TypeError, operator.pow)
self.failUnlessRaises(TypeError, operator.pow, None, None)
self.assertEqual(operator.pow(3, 5), 3**5)
self.assertEqual(operator.__pow__(3, 5), 3**5)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.pow, 1)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.pow, 1, 2, 3)
def __pow__(self, other, modulo=_not_given):
"""
self ** other, pow(self, other)
pow(self, other, modulo)
"""
if modulo is _not_given:
return __pow__(get_wrapped_object(self), get_wrapped_object(other))
return pow(get_wrapped_object(self), get_wrapped_object(other),
get_wrapped_object(modulo))
operator.__le__,
operator.__eq__,
operator.__ne__,
operator.__ge__,
operator.__gt__,
]
decomposeunary = [
operator.__abs__,
]
decomposebinary = [
operator.__add__,
operator.__mul__,
operator.__pow__,
lambda x,y: operator.__pow__(y,x),
]
def gcd(a, b):
while b:
a, b = b, a % b
return a
def lcm(a, b):
return a * b // gcd(a, b)
logging = 1
def getmessage(string):
if logging:
return string
return ''
def __pow__(self, value):
return operator.__pow__(self._tensor, value)
def __rpow__(self, other):
with self._lock:
return operator.__pow__(other, self.__wrapped__)
rate = 0.9
dollar = {'under_my_bed': 1000, 'jeans': 45, 'bank': 5000}
print(sum(map(partial(mul, rate), dollar.values())))
# Series and Parallel Mapping
insects = ['fly', 'ant', 'beetle', 'cankerworm']
f = lambda x: x + 'is an insect'
print(list(map(f, insects)))
# Exponentiation
# Exponentiation Using builtins: ** and pow()
import operator
operator.pow(4, 2)
operator.__pow__(4, 3)
# Square root:
import math
n = math.sqrt(9)
p = math.sqrt(11.11)
print(n, p)
def modular_inverse(x, p):
"""Find a such as ax == 1 (mod p), assuming p is prime."""
return pow(x, p - 2, p)
print([modular_inverse(x, 13) for x in range(1, 13)])
def test_pow(self):
self.failUnless(operator.pow(3,5) == 3**5)
self.failUnless(operator.__pow__(3,5) == 3**5)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.pow, 1)
self.assertRaises(TypeError, operator.pow, 1, 2, 3)
with higher precision than math.exp(x) or cmath.exp(x) would allow:
Section 70.8: Magic methods and exponentiation: builtin, math and cmath
Section 70.9: Roots: nth-root with fractional exponents
While the math.sqrt function is provided for the specific case of square roots, it's often convenient to use the
exponentiation operator (**) with fractional exponents to perform nth-root operations, like cube roots
"""
#Section 70.1: Exponentiation using builtins: ** and pow()
print("------Section 70.1: Exponentiation using builtins: ** and pow()-------")
import operator
print(operator.pow(4, 2)) # 16
print(operator.__pow__(4, 3)) # 64
val1, val2 = 4, 2
print(val1.__pow__(val2)) # 16
print(val2.__rpow__(val1)) # 16
#Section 70.2: Square root: math.sqrt() and cmath.sqrt
print("---Section 70.2: Square root: math.sqrt() and cmath.sqrt---------")
import math
import cmath
math.sqrt(9) # 3.0
math.sqrt(11.11) # 3.3331666624997918
#math.sqrt(Decimal('6.25')) # 2.5
#Section 70.3: Modular exponentiation: pow() with 3 arguments
print(
def __rpow__(self, other):
"""other ** self, pow(other, self)"""
return __pow__(other, get_wrapped_object(self))
def update_event(self, inp=-1):
self.set_output_val(0, operator.__pow__(self.input(0), self.input(1)))
doc=operator.ne.__doc__)
or_ = spice(lambda x, y: operator.or_(x, y),
name='or_',
doc=operator.or_.__doc__)
__or__ = spice(lambda x, y: operator.__or__(x, y),
name='__or__',
doc=operator.or_.__doc__)
pos = spice(lambda x, y: operator.pos(x, y),
name='pos',
doc=operator.pos.__doc__)
#reversed
pow = spice(lambda x, y: operator.pow(y, x), name='pow')
__pow__ = spice(lambda x, y: operator.__pow__(y, x), name='__pow__')
# reversed
rshift = spice(lambda x, y: operator.rshift(y, x), name='rshift')
__rshift__ = spice(lambda x, y: operator.__rshift__(y, x), name='__rshift__')
# reversed
sub = spice(lambda x, y: operator.sub(y, x), name='sub')
__sub__ = spice(lambda x, y: operator.__sub__(y, x), name='__sub__')
# reversed
truediv = spice(lambda x, y: operator.truediv(y, x), name='truediv')
__truediv__ = spice(lambda x, y: operator.__truediv__(y, x),
name='__truediv__')
xor = spice(lambda x, y: operator.xor(x, y),
def safePow( left, right ): if abs( right ) > POW_RIGHT_MAX: raise UnsafeOperatorError( "'** X' cannot exceed " + str( POW_RIGHT_MAX ) ) elif abs( left ) > POW_LEFT_MAX: raise UnsafeOperatorError( "'X **' cannot exceed " + str( POW_LEFT_MAX ) ) return operator.__pow__( left, right )