def litho_calipers(
notch_size: List[int] = [2, 5],
notch_spacing: int = 2,
num_notches: int = 11,
offset_per_notch: float = 0.1,
row_spacing: int = 0,
layer_top: int = 1,
layer_bottom: int = 2,
) -> Component:
""" vernier caliper structure to test lithography alignment
Only the middle finger is aligned and the rest are offset.
Args:
notch_size: [xwidth, yheight]
notch_spacing: 2
num_notches: 11
offset_per_notch: 0.1
row_spacing: 0
layer_top: 1
layer_bottom:2
.. plot::
:include-source:
import pp
c = pp.c.litho_calipers()
pp.plotgds(c)
"""
D = pp.Component()
num_notches_total = num_notches * 2 + 1
centre_notch = num_notches
R1 = pc.rectangle(size=(notch_size), layer=layer_top)
R2 = pc.rectangle(size=(notch_size), layer=layer_bottom)
for i in range(num_notches_total):
if i == centre_notch:
D.add_ref(R1).movex(i * (notch_size[0] + notch_spacing)).movey(
notch_size[1])
D.add_ref(R2).movex(i * (notch_size[0] + notch_spacing) +
offset_per_notch *
(centre_notch - i)).movey(-2 * notch_size[1] -
row_spacing)
D.add_ref(R1).movex(i * (notch_size[0] + notch_spacing))
D.add_ref(R2).movex(i * (notch_size[0] + notch_spacing) +
offset_per_notch *
(centre_notch - i)).movey(-notch_size[1] -
row_spacing)
return D
def litho_steps(
line_widths: List[float] = (1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, 16.0),
line_spacing: float = 10.0,
height: float = 100.0,
layer: Tuple[int, int] = pp.LAYER.WG,
) -> Component:
""" Produces a positive + negative tone linewidth test, used for
lithography resolution test patterning
Args:
line_widths:
line_spacing:
height:
layer:
.. plot::
:include-source:
import pp
c = pp.c.litho_steps()
pp.plotgds(c)
"""
D = pp.Component()
height = height / 2
T1 = pc.text(text="%s" % str(line_widths[-1]),
size=height,
justify="center",
layer=layer)
D.add_ref(T1).rotate(90).movex(-height / 10)
R1 = pc.rectangle(size=(line_spacing, height), layer=layer)
D.add_ref(R1).movey(-height)
count = 0
for i in reversed(line_widths):
count += line_spacing + i
R2 = pc.rectangle(size=(i, height), layer=layer)
D.add_ref(R1).movex(count).movey(-height)
D.add_ref(R2).movex(count - i)
return D
def litho_star(num_lines=20, line_width=2, diameter=200, layer=0):
""" Creates a circular-star shape from lines, used as a lithographic
resolution test pattern
.. plot::
:include-source:
import pp
c = pp.c.litho_star()
pp.plotgds(c)
"""
D = pp.Component()
degree = 180 / num_lines
R1 = rectangle(size=(line_width, diameter), layer=layer)
for i in range(num_lines):
r1 = D.add_ref(R1).rotate(degree * i)
r1.center = (0, 0)
return D
def test_resistance(
pad_size=[50, 50],
num_squares=1000,
width=1,
res_layer=0,
pad_layer=None,
gnd_layer=None,
):
""" meander to test resistance
from phidl.geometry
Args:
pad_size: Size of the two matched impedance pads (microns)
num_squares: Number of squares comprising the resonator wire
width: The width of the squares (microns)
res_layer:
pad_layer:
gnd_layer:
.. plot::
:include-source:
import pp
c = pp.c.test_resistance()
pp.plotgds(c)
"""
x = pad_size[0]
z = pad_size[1]
# Checking validity of input
if x <= 0 or z <= 0:
raise ValueError("Pad must have positive, real dimensions")
elif width > z:
raise ValueError("Width of cell cannot be greater than height of pad")
elif num_squares <= 0:
raise ValueError("Number of squares must be a positive real number")
elif width <= 0:
raise ValueError("Width of cell must be a positive real number")
# Performing preliminary calculations
num_rows = int(np.floor(z / (2 * width)))
if num_rows % 2 == 0:
num_rows -= 1
num_columns = num_rows - 1
squares_in_row = (num_squares - num_columns - 2) / num_rows
# Compensating for weird edge cases
if squares_in_row < 1:
num_rows = round(num_rows / 2) - 2
squares_in_row = 1
if width * 2 > z:
num_rows = 1
squares_in_row = num_squares - 2
length_row = squares_in_row * width
# Creating row/column corner combination structure
T = pp.Component()
Row = pc.rectangle(size=(length_row, width), layer=res_layer)
Col = pc.rectangle(size=(width, width), layer=res_layer)
T.add_ref(Row)
col = T.add_ref(Col)
col.move([length_row - width, -width])
# Creating entire waveguide net
N = pp.Component("net")
n = 1
for i in range(num_rows):
if i != num_rows - 1:
d = N.add_ref(T)
else:
d = N.add_ref(Row)
if n % 2 == 0:
d.reflect(p1=(d.x, d.ymax), p2=(d.x, d.ymin))
d.movey(-(n - 1) * T.ysize)
n += 1
d = N.add_ref(Col).movex(-width)
d = N.add_ref(Col).move([length_row, -(n - 2) * T.ysize])
# Creating pads
P = pp.Component()
Pad1 = pc.rectangle(size=(x, z), layer=pad_layer)
Pad2 = pc.rectangle(size=(x + 5, z), layer=pad_layer)
Gnd1 = offset(Pad1, distance=-5, layer=gnd_layer)
Gnd2 = offset(Pad2, distance=-5, layer=gnd_layer)
pad1 = P.add_ref(Pad1).movex(-x - width)
pad2 = P.add_ref(Pad1).movex(length_row + width)
P.add_ref(Gnd1).center = pad1.center
gnd2 = P.add_ref(Gnd2)
P.add_ref(N).y = pad1.y
gnd2.center = pad2.center
gnd2.movex(2.5)
return P
def test_comb(
pad_size=(200, 200),
wire_width=1,
wire_gap=3,
comb_layer=0,
overlap_zigzag_layer=1,
comb_pad_layer=None,
comb_gnd_layer=None,
overlap_pad_layer=None,
):
""" Superconducting heater device from phidl.geometry
Args:
pad_size=(200, 200)
wire_width=1
wire_gap=3
comb_layer=0
overlap_zigzag_layer=1
comb_pad_layer=None
comb_gnd_layer=None
overlap_pad_layer=None
"""
CI = pp.Component()
if comb_pad_layer is None:
comb_pad_layer = comb_layer
if comb_gnd_layer is None:
comb_gnd_layer = comb_layer
if overlap_pad_layer is None:
overlap_pad_layer = overlap_zigzag_layer
wire_spacing = wire_width + wire_gap * 2
# %% pad overlays
overlay_padb = CI.add_ref(
pc.rectangle(size=(pad_size[0] * 9 / 10, pad_size[1] * 9 / 10),
layer=overlap_pad_layer))
overlay_padl = CI.add_ref(
pc.rectangle(size=(pad_size[0] * 9 / 10, pad_size[1] * 9 / 10),
layer=comb_pad_layer))
overlay_padt = CI.add_ref(
pc.rectangle(size=(pad_size[0] * 9 / 10, pad_size[1] * 9 / 10),
layer=comb_pad_layer))
overlay_padr = CI.add_ref(
pc.rectangle(size=(pad_size[0] * 9 / 10, pad_size[1] * 9 / 10),
layer=comb_gnd_layer))
overlay_padl.xmin = 0
overlay_padl.ymin = 0
overlay_padb.ymax = 0
overlay_padb.xmin = overlay_padl.xmax + pad_size[1] / 5
overlay_padr.ymin = overlay_padl.ymin
overlay_padr.xmin = overlay_padb.xmax + pad_size[1] / 5
overlay_padt.xmin = overlay_padl.xmax + pad_size[1] / 5
overlay_padt.ymin = overlay_padl.ymax
# %% pads
padl = CI.add_ref(pc.rectangle(size=pad_size, layer=comb_layer))
padt = CI.add_ref(pc.rectangle(size=pad_size, layer=comb_layer))
padr = CI.add_ref(pc.rectangle(size=pad_size, layer=comb_layer))
padb = CI.add_ref(pc.rectangle(size=pad_size, layer=overlap_zigzag_layer))
padl_nub = CI.add_ref(
pc.rectangle(size=(pad_size[0] / 4, pad_size[1] / 2),
layer=comb_layer))
padr_nub = CI.add_ref(
pc.rectangle(size=(pad_size[0] / 4, pad_size[1] / 2),
layer=comb_layer))
padl.xmin = overlay_padl.xmin
padl.center = [padl.center[0], overlay_padl.center[1]]
padt.ymax = overlay_padt.ymax
padt.center = [overlay_padt.center[0], padt.center[1]]
padr.xmax = overlay_padr.xmax
padr.center = [padr.center[0], overlay_padr.center[1]]
padb.ymin = overlay_padb.ymin
padb.center = [overlay_padb.center[0], padb.center[1]]
padl_nub.xmin = padl.xmax
padl_nub.center = [padl_nub.center[0], padl.center[1]]
padr_nub.xmax = padr.xmin
padr_nub.center = [padr_nub.center[0], padr.center[1]]
# %% connected zig
head = CI.add_ref(
pc.compass(size=(pad_size[0] / 12, wire_width), layer=comb_layer))
head.xmin = padl_nub.xmax
head.ymax = padl_nub.ymax
connector = CI.add_ref(
pc.compass(size=(wire_width, wire_width), layer=comb_layer))
connector.connect(port="W", destination=head.ports["E"])
old_port = connector.ports["S"]
top = True
obj = connector
while obj.xmax + pad_size[0] / 12 < padr_nub.xmin:
# long zig zag rectangle
obj = CI.add_ref(
pc.compass(size=(pad_size[1] / 2 - 2 * wire_width, wire_width),
layer=comb_layer))
obj.connect(port="W", destination=old_port)
old_port = obj.ports["E"]
if top:
# zig zag edge rectangle
obj = CI.add_ref(
pc.compass(size=(wire_width, wire_width), layer=comb_layer))
obj.connect(port="N", destination=old_port)
top = False
else:
# zig zag edge rectangle
obj = CI.add_ref(
pc.compass(size=(wire_width, wire_width), layer=comb_layer))
obj.connect(port="S", destination=old_port)
top = True
# comb rectange
comb = CI.add_ref(
pc.rectangle(
size=(
(padt.ymin - head.ymax) + pad_size[1] / 2 -
(wire_spacing + wire_width) / 2,
wire_width,
),
layer=comb_layer,
))
comb.rotate(90)
comb.ymax = padt.ymin
comb.xmax = obj.xmax - (wire_spacing + wire_width) / 2
old_port = obj.ports["E"]
obj = CI.add_ref(
pc.compass(size=(wire_spacing, wire_width), layer=comb_layer))
obj.connect(port="W", destination=old_port)
old_port = obj.ports["E"]
obj = CI.add_ref(
pc.compass(size=(wire_width, wire_width), layer=comb_layer))
obj.connect(port="W", destination=old_port)
if top:
old_port = obj.ports["S"]
else:
old_port = obj.ports["N"]
old_port = obj.ports["E"]
if padr_nub.xmin - obj.xmax > 0:
tail = CI.add_ref(
pc.compass(size=(padr_nub.xmin - obj.xmax, wire_width),
layer=comb_layer))
else:
tail = CI.add_ref(
pc.compass(size=(wire_width, wire_width), layer=comb_layer))
tail.connect(port="W", destination=old_port)
# %% disconnected zig
dhead = CI.add_ref(
pc.compass(
size=(padr_nub.ymin - padb.ymax - wire_width, wire_width),
layer=overlap_zigzag_layer,
))
dhead.rotate(90)
dhead.ymin = padb.ymax
dhead.xmax = tail.xmin - (wire_spacing + wire_width) / 2
connector = CI.add_ref(
pc.compass(size=(wire_width, wire_width), layer=overlap_zigzag_layer))
connector.connect(port="S", destination=dhead.ports["E"])
old_port = connector.ports["N"]
right = True
obj = connector
while obj.ymax + wire_spacing + wire_width < head.ymax:
obj = CI.add_ref(
pc.compass(size=(wire_spacing, wire_width),
layer=overlap_zigzag_layer))
obj.connect(port="W", destination=old_port)
old_port = obj.ports["E"]
if right:
obj = CI.add_ref(
pc.compass(size=(wire_width, wire_width),
layer=overlap_zigzag_layer))
obj.connect(port="W", destination=old_port)
right = False
else:
obj = CI.add_ref(
pc.compass(size=(wire_width, wire_width),
layer=overlap_zigzag_layer))
obj.connect(port="E", destination=old_port)
right = True
old_port = obj.ports["N"]
obj = CI.add_ref(
pc.compass(
size=(
dhead.xmin - (head.xmax + head.xmin + wire_width) / 2,
wire_width,
),
layer=overlap_zigzag_layer,
))
obj.connect(port="E", destination=old_port)
old_port = obj.ports["W"]
obj = CI.add_ref(
pc.compass(size=(wire_width, wire_width),
layer=overlap_zigzag_layer))
obj.connect(port="S", destination=old_port)
if right:
old_port = obj.ports["W"]
else:
old_port = obj.ports["E"]
return CI
def test_via(
num_vias=100,
wire_width=10,
via_width=15,
via_spacing=40,
pad_size=(300, 300),
min_pad_spacing=0,
pad_layer=0,
wiring1_layer=1,
wiring2_layer=2,
via_layer=3,
):
""" Via cutback to extract via resistance
from phidl.geometry
Args:
num_vias=100
wire_width=10
via_width=15
via_spacing=40
pad_size=(300, 300)
min_pad_spacing=0
pad_layer=0
wiring1_layer=1
wiring2_layer=2
via_layer=3
Usage:
Call via_route_test_structure() by indicating the number of vias you want drawn. You can also change the other parameters however
if you do not specifiy a value for a parameter it will just use the default value
Ex::
via_route_test_structure(num_vias=54)
- or -::
via_route_test_structure(num_vias=12, pad_size=(100,100),wire_width=8)
total requested vias (num_vias) -> this needs to be even
pad size (pad_size) -> given in a pair (width, height)
wire_width -> how wide each wire should be
pad_layer -> GDS layer number of the pads
wiring1_layer -> GDS layer number of the top wiring
wiring2_layer -> GDS layer number of the bottom wiring
via_layer -> GDS layer number of the vias
ex: via_route(54, min_pad_spacing=300)
.. plot::
:include-source:
import pp
c = pp.c.test_via()
pp.plotgds(c)
"""
VR = pp.Component()
pad1 = VR.add_ref(pc.rectangle(size=pad_size, layer=pad_layer))
pad1_overlay = VR.add_ref(pc.rectangle(size=pad_size, layer=wiring1_layer))
pad2 = VR.add_ref(pc.rectangle(size=pad_size, layer=pad_layer))
pad2_overlay = VR.add_ref(pc.rectangle(size=pad_size, layer=wiring1_layer))
nub = VR.add_ref(
pc.compass(size=(3 * wire_width, wire_width), layer=pad_layer))
nub_overlay = VR.add_ref(
pc.compass(size=(3 * wire_width, wire_width), layer=wiring1_layer))
head = VR.add_ref(
pc.compass(size=(wire_width, wire_width), layer=pad_layer))
head_overlay = VR.add_ref(
pc.compass(size=(wire_width, wire_width), layer=wiring1_layer))
nub.ymax = pad1.ymax - 5
nub.xmin = pad1.xmax
nub_overlay.ymax = pad1.ymax - 5
nub_overlay.xmin = pad1.xmax
head.connect(port="W", destination=nub.ports["E"])
head_overlay.connect(port="W", destination=nub_overlay.ports["E"])
pad1_overlay.xmin = pad1.xmin
pad1_overlay.ymin = pad1.ymin
old_port = head.ports["S"]
count = 0
width_via_iter = 2 * via_spacing - 2 * wire_width
pad2.xmin = pad1.xmax + min_pad_spacing
up = False
down = True
edge = True
current_width = 3 * wire_width + wire_width # width of nub and 1 overlap
obj_old = head
obj = head
via_iterable = _via_iterable(
via_spacing=via_spacing,
wire_width=wire_width,
wiring1_layer=wiring1_layer,
wiring2_layer=wiring2_layer,
via_layer=via_layer,
via_width=via_width,
)
while (count + 2) <= num_vias:
obj = VR.add_ref(via_iterable)
obj.connect(port="W", destination=old_port, overlap=wire_width)
old_port = obj.ports["E"]
edge = False
if obj.ymax > pad1.ymax:
obj.connect(port="W",
destination=obj_old.ports["S"],
overlap=wire_width)
old_port = obj.ports["S"]
current_width += width_via_iter
down = True
up = False
edge = True
elif obj.ymin < pad1.ymin:
obj.connect(port="W",
destination=obj_old.ports["N"],
overlap=wire_width)
old_port = obj.ports["N"]
current_width += width_via_iter
up = True
down = False
edge = True
count = count + 2
obj_old = obj
if (current_width < min_pad_spacing
and (min_pad_spacing - current_width) > 3 * wire_width):
tail = VR.add_ref(
pc.compass(
size=(min_pad_spacing - current_width + wire_width,
wire_width),
layer=wiring1_layer,
))
tail_overlay = VR.add_ref(
pc.compass(
size=(min_pad_spacing - current_width + wire_width,
wire_width),
layer=pad_layer,
))
else:
tail = VR.add_ref(
pc.compass(size=(3 * wire_width, wire_width), layer=wiring1_layer))
tail_overlay = VR.add_ref(
pc.compass(size=(3 * wire_width, wire_width), layer=wiring1_layer))
if up == True and edge != True:
tail.connect(port="W", destination=obj.ports["S"], overlap=wire_width)
tail_overlay.connect(port="W",
destination=obj.ports["S"],
overlap=wire_width)
elif down == True and edge != True:
tail.connect(port="W", destination=obj.ports["N"], overlap=wire_width)
tail_overlay.connect(port="W",
destination=obj.ports["N"],
overlap=wire_width)
else:
tail.connect(port="W", destination=obj.ports["E"], overlap=wire_width)
tail_overlay.connect(port="W",
destination=obj.ports["E"],
overlap=wire_width)
pad2.xmin = tail.xmax
pad2_overlay.xmin = pad2.xmin
pad2_overlay.ymin = pad2.ymin
return VR
