def runopf(z, nu, rho, casedata=None, ppopt=None, fname='', solvedcase=''):
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt)
##----- run the optimal power flow -----
r = opf(z, nu, rho, casedata)
printpf(r, stdout, ppopt)
return r
# if __name__ == '__main__':
# ppc = case4gs()
# results = runopf(z, nu, rho, casedata=ppc)
# print(results["x"])
def dcopf(*args, **kw_args):
"""Solves a DC optimal power flow.
This is a simple wrapper function around L{opf} that sets the C{PF_DC}
option to C{True} before calling L{opf}.
See L{opf} for the details of input and output arguments.
@see: L{rundcopf}
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
@author: Richard Lincoln
"""
ppc, ppopt = opf_args2(*args, **kw_args);
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, PF_DC=1)
return opf(ppc, ppopt)
def gausspf(Ybus, Sbus, V0, ref, pv, pq, ppopt=None):
"""Solves the power flow using a Gauss-Seidel method.
Solves for bus voltages given the full system admittance matrix (for
all buses), the complex bus power injection vector (for all buses),
the initial vector of complex bus voltages, and column vectors with
the lists of bus indices for the swing bus, PV buses, and PQ buses,
respectively. The bus voltage vector contains the set point for
generator (including ref bus) buses, and the reference angle of the
swing bus, as well as an initial guess for remaining magnitudes and
angles. C{ppopt} is a PYPOWER options vector which can be used to
set the termination tolerance, maximum number of iterations, and
output options (see C{ppoption} for details). Uses default options
if this parameter is not given. Returns the final complex voltages,
a flag which indicates whether it converged or not, and the number
of iterations performed.
@see: L{runpf}
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
@author: Alberto Borghetti (University of Bologna, Italy)
@author: Richard Lincoln
"""
## default arguments
if ppopt is None:
ppopt = ppoption()
## options
tol = ppopt['PF_TOL']
max_it = ppopt['PF_MAX_IT_GS']
verbose = ppopt['VERBOSE']
## initialize
converged = 0
i = 0
V = V0.copy()
#Va = angle(V)
Vm = abs(V)
## set up indexing for updating V
npv = len(pv)
npq = len(pq)
pvpq = r_[pv, pq]
## evaluate F(x0)
mis = V * conj(Ybus * V) - Sbus
F = r_[ mis[pvpq].real,
mis[pq].imag ]
## check tolerance
normF = linalg.norm(F, Inf)
if verbose > 1:
sys.stdout.write('\n it max P & Q mismatch (p.u.)')
sys.stdout.write('\n---- ---------------------------')
sys.stdout.write('\n%3d %10.3e' % (i, normF))
if normF < tol:
converged = 1
if verbose > 1:
sys.stdout.write('\nConverged!\n')
## do Gauss-Seidel iterations
while (not converged and i < max_it):
## update iteration counter
i = i + 1
## update voltage
## at PQ buses
for k in pq[range(npq)]:
tmp = (conj(Sbus[k] / V[k]) - Ybus[k, :] * V) / Ybus[k, k]
V[k] = V[k] + asscalar(tmp)
## at PV buses
if npv:
for k in pv[range(npv)]:
tmp = (V[k] * conj(Ybus[k,:] * V)).imag
Sbus[k] = Sbus[k].real + 1j * asscalar(tmp)
tmp = (conj(Sbus[k] / V[k]) - Ybus[k, :] * V) / Ybus[k, k]
V[k] = V[k] + asscalar(tmp)
# V[k] = Vm[k] * V[k] / abs(V[k])
V[pv] = Vm[pv] * V[pv] / abs(V[pv])
## evalute F(x)
mis = V * conj(Ybus * V) - Sbus
F = r_[ mis[pv].real,
mis[pq].real,
mis[pq].imag ]
## check for convergence
normF = linalg.norm(F, Inf)
if verbose > 1:
sys.stdout.write('\n%3d %10.3e' % (i, normF))
if normF < tol:
converged = 1
if verbose:
sys.stdout.write('\nGauss-Seidel power flow converged in '
'%d iterations.\n' % i)
if verbose:
if not converged:
sys.stdout.write('Gauss-Seidel power did not converge in %d '
'iterations.' % i)
return V, converged, i
def fdpf(Ybus, Sbus, V0, Bp, Bpp, ref, pv, pq, ppopt=None):
"""Solves the power flow using a fast decoupled method.
Solves for bus voltages given the full system admittance matrix (for
all buses), the complex bus power injection vector (for all buses),
the initial vector of complex bus voltages, the FDPF matrices B prime
and B double prime, and column vectors with the lists of bus indices
for the swing bus, PV buses, and PQ buses, respectively. The bus voltage
vector contains the set point for generator (including ref bus)
buses, and the reference angle of the swing bus, as well as an initial
guess for remaining magnitudes and angles. C{ppopt} is a PYPOWER options
vector which can be used to set the termination tolerance, maximum
number of iterations, and output options (see L{ppoption} for details).
Uses default options if this parameter is not given. Returns the
final complex voltages, a flag which indicates whether it converged
or not, and the number of iterations performed.
@see: L{runpf}
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
@author: Richard Lincoln
"""
if ppopt is None:
ppopt = ppoption()
## options
tol = ppopt['PF_TOL']
max_it = ppopt['PF_MAX_IT_FD']
verbose = ppopt['VERBOSE']
## initialize
converged = 0
i = 0
V = V0
Va = angle(V)
Vm = abs(V)
## set up indexing for updating V
#npv = len(pv)
#npq = len(pq)
pvpq = r_[pv, pq]
## evaluate initial mismatch
mis = (V * conj(Ybus * V) - Sbus) / Vm
P = mis[pvpq].real
Q = mis[pq].imag
## check tolerance
normP = linalg.norm(P, Inf)
normQ = linalg.norm(Q, Inf)
if verbose > 1:
sys.stdout.write('\niteration max mismatch (p.u.) ')
sys.stdout.write('\ntype # P Q ')
sys.stdout.write('\n---- ---- ----------- -----------')
sys.stdout.write('\n - %3d %10.3e %10.3e' % (i, normP, normQ))
if normP < tol and normQ < tol:
converged = 1
if verbose > 1:
sys.stdout.write('\nConverged!\n')
## reduce B matrices
Bp = Bp[array([pvpq]).T, pvpq].tocsc() # splu requires a CSC matrix
Bpp = Bpp[array([pq]).T, pq].tocsc()
## factor B matrices
Bp_solver = splu(Bp)
Bpp_solver = splu(Bpp)
## do P and Q iterations
while (not converged and i < max_it):
## update iteration counter
i = i + 1
##----- do P iteration, update Va -----
dVa = -Bp_solver.solve(P)
## update voltage
Va[pvpq] = Va[pvpq] + dVa
V = Vm * exp(1j * Va)
## evalute mismatch
mis = (V * conj(Ybus * V) - Sbus) / Vm
P = mis[pvpq].real
Q = mis[pq].imag
## check tolerance
normP = linalg.norm(P, Inf)
normQ = linalg.norm(Q, Inf)
if verbose > 1:
sys.stdout.write("\n %s %3d %10.3e %10.3e" %
(type,i, normP, normQ))
if normP < tol and normQ < tol:
converged = 1
if verbose:
sys.stdout.write('\nFast-decoupled power flow converged in %d '
'P-iterations and %d Q-iterations.\n' % (i, i - 1))
break
##----- do Q iteration, update Vm -----
dVm = -Bpp_solver.solve(Q)
## update voltage
Vm[pq] = Vm[pq] + dVm
V = Vm * exp(1j * Va)
## evalute mismatch
mis = (V * conj(Ybus * V) - Sbus) / Vm
P = mis[pvpq].real
Q = mis[pq].imag
## check tolerance
normP = linalg.norm(P, Inf)
normQ = linalg.norm(Q, Inf)
if verbose > 1:
sys.stdout.write('\n Q %3d %10.3e %10.3e' % (i, normP, normQ))
if normP < tol and normQ < tol:
converged = 1
if verbose:
sys.stdout.write('\nFast-decoupled power flow converged in %d '
'P-iterations and %d Q-iterations.\n' % (i, i))
break
if verbose:
if not converged:
sys.stdout.write('\nFast-decoupled power flow did not converge in '
'%d iterations.' % i)
return V, converged, i
def opf_args(*args):
"""Parses and initializes OPF input arguments.
Returns the full set of initialized OPF input arguments, filling in
default values for missing arguments. See Examples below for the
possible calling syntax options.
Input arguments options::
opf_args(ppc)
opf_args(ppc, ppopt)
opf_args(ppc, userfcn, ppopt)
opf_args(ppc, A, l, u)
opf_args(ppc, A, l, u, ppopt)
opf_args(ppc, A, l, u, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw)
opf_args(ppc, A, l, u, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw, z0, zl, zu)
opf_args(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost)
opf_args(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, ppopt)
opf_args(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, userfcn, ppopt)
opf_args(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, A, l, u)
opf_args(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, A, l, u, ppopt)
opf_args(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, A, l, u, ...
ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw)
opf_args(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, A, l, u, ...
ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw, z0, zl, zu)
The data for the problem can be specified in one of three ways:
1. a string (ppc) containing the file name of a PYPOWER case
which defines the data matrices baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, and
gencost (areas is not used at all, it is only included for
backward compatibility of the API).
2. a dict (ppc) containing the data matrices as fields.
3. the individual data matrices themselves.
The optional user parameters for user constraints (C{A, l, u}), user costs
(C{N, fparm, H, Cw}), user variable initializer (z0), and user variable
limits (C{zl, zu}) can also be specified as fields in a case dict,
either passed in directly or defined in a case file referenced by name.
When specified, C{A, l, u} represent additional linear constraints on the
optimization variables, C{l <= A*[x z] <= u}. If the user specifies an C{A}
matrix that has more columns than the number of "C{x}" (OPF) variables,
then there are extra linearly constrained "C{z}" variables. For an
explanation of the formulation used and instructions for forming the
C{A} matrix, see the MATPOWER manual.
A generalized cost on all variables can be applied if input arguments
C{N}, C{fparm}, C{H} and C{Cw} are specified. First, a linear
transformation of the optimization variables is defined by means of
C{r = N * [x z]}. Then, to each element of r a function is applied as
encoded in the C{fparm} matrix (see Matpower manual). If the resulting
vector is named C{w}, then C{H} and C{Cw} define a quadratic cost on
C{w}: C{(1/2)*w'*H*w + Cw * w}.
C{H} and C{N} should be sparse matrices and C{H} should also be symmetric.
The optional C{ppopt} vector specifies PYPOWER options. See L{ppoption}
for details and default values.
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
@author: Carlos E. Murillo-Sanchez (PSERC Cornell & Universidad
Autonoma de Manizales)
@author: Richard Lincoln
"""
# nargin = len([arg for arg in [baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost,
# Au, lbu, ubu, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw,
# z0, zl, zu] if arg is not None])
nargin = len(args)
userfcn = array([])
## passing filename or dict
if isinstance(args[0], basestring) or isinstance(args[0], dict):
# ----opf( baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, Au, lbu, ubu, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw, z0, zl, zu)
# 12 opf(casefile, Au, lbu, ubu, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw, z0, zl, zu)
# 9 opf(casefile, Au, lbu, ubu, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw)
# 5 opf(casefile, Au, lbu, ubu, ppopt)
# 4 opf(casefile, Au, lbu, ubu)
# 3 opf(casefile, userfcn, ppopt)
# 2 opf(casefile, ppopt)
# 1 opf(casefile)
if nargin in [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 12]:
casefile = args[0]
if nargin == 12:
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, Au, lbu, ubu, ppopt, N, fparm = args
zu = fparm
zl = N
z0 = ppopt
Cw = ubu
H = lbu
fparm = Au
N = gencost
ppopt = areas
ubu = branch
lbu = gen
Au = bus
elif nargin == 9:
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, Au, lbu, ubu = args
zu = array([])
zl = array([])
z0 = array([])
Cw = ubu
H = lbu
fparm = Au
N = gencost
ppopt = areas
ubu = branch
lbu = gen
Au = bus
elif nargin == 5:
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas = args
zu = array([])
zl = array([])
z0 = array([])
Cw = array([])
H = None
fparm = array([])
N = None
ppopt = areas
ubu = branch
lbu = gen
Au = bus
elif nargin == 4:
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch = args
zu = array([])
zl = array([])
z0 = array([])
Cw = array([])
H = None
fparm = array([])
N = None
ppopt = ppoption()
ubu = branch
lbu = gen
Au = bus
elif nargin == 3:
baseMVA, bus, gen = args
userfcn = bus
zu = array([])
zl = array([])
z0 = array([])
Cw = array([])
H = None
fparm = array([])
N = None
ppopt = gen
ubu = array([])
lbu = array([])
Au = None
elif nargin == 2:
baseMVA, bus = args
zu = array([])
zl = array([])
z0 = array([])
Cw = array([])
H = None
fparm = array([])
N = None
ppopt = bus
ubu = array([])
lbu = array([])
Au = None
elif nargin == 1:
zu = array([])
zl = array([])
z0 = array([])
Cw = array([])
H = None
fparm = array([])
N = None
ppopt = ppoption()
ubu = array([])
lbu = array([])
Au = None
else:
stderr.write('opf_args: Incorrect input arg order, number or type\n')
ppc = loadcase(casefile)
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, gencost = \
ppc['baseMVA'], ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], ppc['branch'], ppc['gencost']
if 'areas' in ppc:
areas = ppc['areas']
else:
areas = array([])
if Au is None and 'A' in ppc:
Au, lbu, ubu = ppc["A"], ppc["l"], ppc["u"]
if N is None and 'N' in ppc: ## these two must go together
N, Cw = ppc["N"], ppc["Cw"]
if H is None and 'H' in ppc: ## will default to zeros
H = ppc["H"]
if (fparm is None or len(fparm) == 0) and 'fparm' in ppc: ## will default to [1 0 0 1]
fparm = ppc["fparm"]
if (z0 is None or len(z0) == 0) and 'z0' in ppc:
z0 = ppc["z0"]
if (zl is None or len(zl) == 0) and 'zl' in ppc:
zl = ppc["zl"]
if (zu is None or len(zu) == 0) and 'zu' in ppc:
zu = ppc["zu"]
if (userfcn is None or len(userfcn) == 0) and 'userfcn' in ppc:
userfcn = ppc['userfcn']
else: ## passing individual data matrices
# ----opf(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, Au, lbu, ubu, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw, z0, zl, zu)
# 17 opf(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, Au, lbu, ubu, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw, z0, zl, zu)
# 14 opf(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, Au, lbu, ubu, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw)
# 10 opf(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, Au, lbu, ubu, ppopt)
# 9 opf(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, Au, lbu, ubu)
# 8 opf(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, userfcn, ppopt)
# 7 opf(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, ppopt)
# 6 opf(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost)
if nargin in [6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 17]:
if nargin == 17:
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, Au, lbu, ubu, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw, z0, zl, zu = args
elif nargin == 14:
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, Au, lbu, ubu, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw = args
zu = array([])
zl = array([])
z0 = array([])
elif nargin == 10:
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, Au, lbu, ubu, ppopt = args
zu = array([])
zl = array([])
z0 = array([])
Cw = array([])
H = None
fparm = array([])
N = None
elif nargin == 9:
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, Au, lbu, ubu = args
zu = array([])
zl = array([])
z0 = array([])
Cw = array([])
H = None
fparm = array([])
N = None
ppopt = ppoption()
elif nargin == 8:
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, userfcn, ppopt = args
zu = array([])
zl = array([])
z0 = array([])
Cw = array([])
H = None
fparm = array([])
N = None
ubu = array([])
lbu = array([])
Au = None
elif nargin == 7:
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, ppopt = args
zu = array([])
zl = array([])
z0 = array([])
Cw = array([])
H = None
fparm = array([])
N = None
ubu = array([])
lbu = array([])
Au = None
elif nargin == 6:
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost = args
zu = array([])
zl = array([])
z0 = array([])
Cw = array([])
H = None
fparm = array([])
N = None
ppopt = ppoption()
ubu = array([])
lbu = array([])
Au = None
else:
stderr.write('opf_args: Incorrect input arg order, number or type\n')
if N is not None:
nw = N.shape[0]
else:
nw = 0
if nw:
if Cw.shape[0] != nw:
stderr.write('opf_args.m: dimension mismatch between N and Cw in '
'generalized cost parameters\n')
if len(fparm) > 0 and fparm.shape[0] != nw:
stderr.write('opf_args.m: dimension mismatch between N and fparm '
'in generalized cost parameters\n')
if (H is not None) and (H.shape[0] != nw | H.shape[0] != nw):
stderr.write('opf_args.m: dimension mismatch between N and H in '
'generalized cost parameters\n')
if Au is not None:
if Au.shape[0] > 0 and N.shape[1] != Au.shape[1]:
stderr.write('opf_args.m: A and N must have the same number '
'of columns\n')
## make sure N and H are sparse
if not issparse(N):
stderr.write('opf_args.m: N must be sparse in generalized cost '
'parameters\n')
if not issparse(H):
stderr.write('opf_args.m: H must be sparse in generalized cost parameters\n')
if Au is not None and not issparse(Au):
stderr.write('opf_args.m: Au must be sparse\n')
if ppopt == None or len(ppopt) == 0:
ppopt = ppoption()
return baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, gencost, Au, lbu, ubu, \
ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw, z0, zl, zu, userfcn, areas
def uopf(*args):
"""Solves combined unit decommitment / optimal power flow.
Solves a combined unit decommitment and optimal power flow for a single
time period. Uses an algorithm similar to dynamic programming. It proceeds
through a sequence of stages, where stage C{N} has C{N} generators shut
down, starting with C{N=0}. In each stage, it forms a list of candidates
(gens at their C{Pmin} limits) and computes the cost with each one of them
shut down. It selects the least cost case as the starting point for the
next stage, continuing until there are no more candidates to be shut down
or no more improvement can be gained by shutting something down.
If C{verbose} in ppopt (see L{ppoption} is C{true}, it prints progress
info, if it is > 1 it prints the output of each individual opf.
@see: L{opf}, L{runuopf}
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
@author: Richard Lincoln
"""
##----- initialization -----
t0 = time() ## start timer
## process input arguments
ppc, ppopt = opf_args2(*args)
## options
verbose = ppopt["VERBOSE"]
if verbose: ## turn down verbosity one level for calls to opf
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, VERBOSE=verbose - 1)
##----- do combined unit commitment/optimal power flow -----
## check for sum(Pmin) > total load, decommit as necessary
on = find( (ppc["gen"][:, GEN_STATUS] > 0) & ~isload(ppc["gen"]) ) ## gens in service
onld = find( (ppc["gen"][:, GEN_STATUS] > 0) & isload(ppc["gen"]) ) ## disp loads in serv
load_capacity = sum(ppc["bus"][:, PD]) - sum(ppc["gen"][onld, PMIN]) ## total load capacity
Pmin = ppc["gen"][on, PMIN]
while sum(Pmin) > load_capacity:
## shut down most expensive unit
avgPmincost = totcost(ppc["gencost"][on, :], Pmin) / Pmin
_, i = fairmax(avgPmincost) ## pick one with max avg cost at Pmin
i = on[i] ## convert to generator index
if verbose:
print 'Shutting down generator %d so all Pmin limits can be satisfied.\n' % i
## set generation to zero
ppc["gen"][i, [PG, QG, GEN_STATUS]] = 0
## update minimum gen capacity
on = find( (ppc["gen"][:, GEN_STATUS] > 0) & ~isload(ppc["gen"]) ) ## gens in service
Pmin = ppc["gen"][on, PMIN]
## run initial opf
results = opf(ppc, ppopt)
## best case so far
results1 = deepcopy(results)
## best case for this stage (ie. with n gens shut down, n=0,1,2 ...)
results0 = deepcopy(results1)
ppc["bus"] = results0["bus"].copy() ## use these V as starting point for OPF
while True:
## get candidates for shutdown
candidates = find((results0["gen"][:, MU_PMIN] > 0) & (results0["gen"][:, PMIN] > 0))
if len(candidates) == 0:
break
## do not check for further decommitment unless we
## see something better during this stage
done = True
for k in candidates:
## start with best for this stage
ppc["gen"] = results0["gen"].copy()
## shut down gen k
ppc["gen"][k, [PG, QG, GEN_STATUS]] = 0
## run opf
results = opf(ppc, ppopt)
## something better?
if results['success'] and (results["f"] < results1["f"]):
results1 = deepcopy(results)
k1 = k
done = False ## make sure we check for further decommitment
if done:
## decommits at this stage did not help, so let's quit
break
else:
## shutting something else down helps, so let's keep going
if verbose:
print 'Shutting down generator %d.\n' % k1
results0 = deepcopy(results1)
ppc["bus"] = results0["bus"].copy() ## use these V as starting point for OPF
## compute elapsed time
et = time() - t0
## finish preparing output
results0['et'] = et
return results0
def printpf(baseMVA, bus=None, gen=None, branch=None, f=None, success=None,
et=None, fd=None, ppopt=None):
"""Prints power flow results.
Prints power flow and optimal power flow results to C{fd} (a file
descriptor which defaults to C{stdout}), with the details of what
gets printed controlled by the optional C{ppopt} argument, which is a
PYPOWER options vector (see L{ppoption} for details).
The data can either be supplied in a single C{results} dict, or
in the individual arguments: C{baseMVA}, C{bus}, C{gen}, C{branch}, C{f},
C{success} and C{et}, where C{f} is the OPF objective function value,
C{success} is C{True} if the solution converged and C{False} otherwise,
and C{et} is the elapsed time for the computation in seconds. If C{f} is
given, it is assumed that the output is from an OPF run, otherwise it is
assumed to be a simple power flow run.
Examples::
ppopt = ppoptions(OUT_GEN=1, OUT_BUS=0, OUT_BRANCH=0)
fd = open(fname, 'w+b')
results = runopf(ppc)
printpf(results)
printpf(results, fd)
printpf(results, fd, ppopt)
printpf(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, f, success, et)
printpf(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, f, success, et, fd)
printpf(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, f, success, et, fd, ppopt)
fd.close()
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
@author: Richard Lincoln
"""
##----- initialization -----
## default arguments
if isinstance(baseMVA, dict):
have_results_struct = 1
results = baseMVA
if gen is None:
ppopt = ppoption() ## use default options
else:
ppopt = gen
if (ppopt['OUT_ALL'] == 0):
return ## nothin' to see here, bail out now
if bus is None:
fd = stdout ## print to stdout by default
else:
fd = bus
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, success, et = \
results["baseMVA"], results["bus"], results["gen"], \
results["branch"], results["success"], results["et"]
if 'f' in results:
f = results["f"]
else:
f = None
else:
have_results_struct = 0
if ppopt is None:
ppopt = ppoption() ## use default options
if fd is None:
fd = stdout ## print to stdout by default
if ppopt['OUT_ALL'] == 0:
return ## nothin' to see here, bail out now
isOPF = f is not None ## FALSE -> only simple PF data, TRUE -> OPF data
## options
isDC = ppopt['PF_DC'] ## use DC formulation?
OUT_ALL = ppopt['OUT_ALL']
OUT_ANY = OUT_ALL == 1 ## set to true if any pretty output is to be generated
OUT_SYS_SUM = (OUT_ALL == 1) or ((OUT_ALL == -1) and ppopt['OUT_SYS_SUM'])
OUT_AREA_SUM = (OUT_ALL == 1) or ((OUT_ALL == -1) and ppopt['OUT_AREA_SUM'])
OUT_BUS = (OUT_ALL == 1) or ((OUT_ALL == -1) and ppopt['OUT_BUS'])
OUT_BRANCH = (OUT_ALL == 1) or ((OUT_ALL == -1) and ppopt['OUT_BRANCH'])
OUT_GEN = (OUT_ALL == 1) or ((OUT_ALL == -1) and ppopt['OUT_GEN'])
OUT_ANY = OUT_ANY | ((OUT_ALL == -1) and
(OUT_SYS_SUM or OUT_AREA_SUM or OUT_BUS or
OUT_BRANCH or OUT_GEN))
if OUT_ALL == -1:
OUT_ALL_LIM = ppopt['OUT_ALL_LIM']
elif OUT_ALL == 1:
OUT_ALL_LIM = 2
else:
OUT_ALL_LIM = 0
OUT_ANY = OUT_ANY or (OUT_ALL_LIM >= 1)
if OUT_ALL_LIM == -1:
OUT_V_LIM = ppopt['OUT_V_LIM']
OUT_LINE_LIM = ppopt['OUT_LINE_LIM']
OUT_PG_LIM = ppopt['OUT_PG_LIM']
OUT_QG_LIM = ppopt['OUT_QG_LIM']
else:
OUT_V_LIM = OUT_ALL_LIM
OUT_LINE_LIM = OUT_ALL_LIM
OUT_PG_LIM = OUT_ALL_LIM
OUT_QG_LIM = OUT_ALL_LIM
OUT_ANY = OUT_ANY or ((OUT_ALL_LIM == -1) and (OUT_V_LIM or OUT_LINE_LIM or OUT_PG_LIM or OUT_QG_LIM))
ptol = 1e-4 ## tolerance for displaying shadow prices
## create map of external bus numbers to bus indices
i2e = bus[:, BUS_I].astype(int)
e2i = zeros(max(i2e) + 1, int)
e2i[i2e] = arange(bus.shape[0])
## sizes of things
nb = bus.shape[0] ## number of buses
nl = branch.shape[0] ## number of branches
ng = gen.shape[0] ## number of generators
## zero out some data to make printout consistent for DC case
if isDC:
bus[:, r_[QD, BS]] = zeros((nb, 2))
gen[:, r_[QG, QMAX, QMIN]] = zeros((ng, 3))
branch[:, r_[BR_R, BR_B]] = zeros((nl, 2))
## parameters
ties = find(bus[e2i[branch[:, F_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] !=
bus[e2i[branch[:, T_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA])
## area inter-ties
tap = ones(nl) ## default tap ratio = 1 for lines
xfmr = find(branch[:, TAP]) ## indices of transformers
tap[xfmr] = branch[xfmr, TAP] ## include transformer tap ratios
tap = tap * exp(1j * pi / 180 * branch[:, SHIFT]) ## add phase shifters
nzld = find((bus[:, PD] != 0.0) | (bus[:, QD] != 0.0))
sorted_areas = sort(bus[:, BUS_AREA])
## area numbers
s_areas = sorted_areas[r_[1, find(diff(sorted_areas)) + 1]]
nzsh = find((bus[:, GS] != 0.0) | (bus[:, BS] != 0.0))
allg = find( ~isload(gen) )
ong = find( (gen[:, GEN_STATUS] > 0) & ~isload(gen) )
onld = find( (gen[:, GEN_STATUS] > 0) & isload(gen) )
V = bus[:, VM] * exp(-1j * pi / 180 * bus[:, VA])
out = find(branch[:, BR_STATUS] == 0) ## out-of-service branches
nout = len(out)
if isDC:
loss = zeros(nl)
else:
loss = baseMVA * abs(V[e2i[ branch[:, F_BUS].astype(int) ]] / tap -
V[e2i[ branch[:, T_BUS].astype(int) ]])**2 / \
(branch[:, BR_R] - 1j * branch[:, BR_X])
fchg = abs(V[e2i[ branch[:, F_BUS].astype(int) ]] / tap)**2 * branch[:, BR_B] * baseMVA / 2
tchg = abs(V[e2i[ branch[:, T_BUS].astype(int) ]] )**2 * branch[:, BR_B] * baseMVA / 2
loss[out] = zeros(nout)
fchg[out] = zeros(nout)
tchg[out] = zeros(nout)
##----- print the stuff -----
if OUT_ANY:
## convergence & elapsed time
if success:
fd.write('\nConverged in %.2f seconds' % et)
else:
fd.write('\nDid not converge (%.2f seconds)\n' % et)
## objective function value
if isOPF:
fd.write('\nObjective Function Value = %.2f $/hr' % f)
if OUT_SYS_SUM:
fd.write('\n================================================================================')
fd.write('\n| System Summary |')
fd.write('\n================================================================================')
fd.write('\n\nHow many? How much? P (MW) Q (MVAr)')
fd.write('\n--------------------- ------------------- ------------- -----------------')
fd.write('\nBuses %6d Total Gen Capacity %7.1f %7.1f to %.1f' % (nb, sum(gen[allg, PMAX]), sum(gen[allg, QMIN]), sum(gen[allg, QMAX])))
fd.write('\nGenerators %5d On-line Capacity %7.1f %7.1f to %.1f' % (len(allg), sum(gen[ong, PMAX]), sum(gen[ong, QMIN]), sum(gen[ong, QMAX])))
fd.write('\nCommitted Gens %5d Generation (actual) %7.1f %7.1f' % (len(ong), sum(gen[ong, PG]), sum(gen[ong, QG])))
fd.write('\nLoads %5d Load %7.1f %7.1f' % (len(nzld)+len(onld), sum(bus[nzld, PD])-sum(gen[onld, PG]), sum(bus[nzld, QD])-sum(gen[onld, QG])))
fd.write('\n Fixed %5d Fixed %7.1f %7.1f' % (len(nzld), sum(bus[nzld, PD]), sum(bus[nzld, QD])))
fd.write('\n Dispatchable %5d Dispatchable %7.1f of %-7.1f%7.1f' % (len(onld), -sum(gen[onld, PG]), -sum(gen[onld, PMIN]), -sum(gen[onld, QG])))
fd.write('\nShunts %5d Shunt (inj) %7.1f %7.1f' % (len(nzsh),
-sum(bus[nzsh, VM]**2 * bus[nzsh, GS]), sum(bus[nzsh, VM]**2 * bus[nzsh, BS]) ))
fd.write('\nBranches %5d Losses (I^2 * Z) %8.2f %8.2f' % (nl, sum(loss.real), sum(loss.imag) ))
fd.write('\nTransformers %5d Branch Charging (inj) - %7.1f' % (len(xfmr), sum(fchg) + sum(tchg) ))
fd.write('\nInter-ties %5d Total Inter-tie Flow %7.1f %7.1f' % (len(ties), sum(abs(branch[ties, PF]-branch[ties, PT])) / 2, sum(abs(branch[ties, QF]-branch[ties, QT])) / 2))
fd.write('\nAreas %5d' % len(s_areas))
fd.write('\n')
fd.write('\n Minimum Maximum')
fd.write('\n ------------------------- --------------------------------')
minv = min(bus[:, VM])
mini = argmin(bus[:, VM])
maxv = max(bus[:, VM])
maxi = argmax(bus[:, VM])
fd.write('\nVoltage Magnitude %7.3f p.u. @ bus %-4d %7.3f p.u. @ bus %-4d' % (minv, bus[mini, BUS_I], maxv, bus[maxi, BUS_I]))
minv = min(bus[:, VA])
mini = argmin(bus[:, VA])
maxv = max(bus[:, VA])
maxi = argmax(bus[:, VA])
fd.write('\nVoltage Angle %8.2f deg @ bus %-4d %8.2f deg @ bus %-4d' % (minv, bus[mini, BUS_I], maxv, bus[maxi, BUS_I]))
if not isDC:
maxv = max(loss.real)
maxi = argmax(loss.real)
fd.write('\nP Losses (I^2*R) - %8.2f MW @ line %d-%d' % (maxv, branch[maxi, F_BUS], branch[maxi, T_BUS]))
maxv = max(loss.imag)
maxi = argmax(loss.imag)
fd.write('\nQ Losses (I^2*X) - %8.2f MVAr @ line %d-%d' % (maxv, branch[maxi, F_BUS], branch[maxi, T_BUS]))
if isOPF:
minv = min(bus[:, LAM_P])
mini = argmin(bus[:, LAM_P])
maxv = max(bus[:, LAM_P])
maxi = argmax(bus[:, LAM_P])
fd.write('\nLambda P %8.2f $/MWh @ bus %-4d %8.2f $/MWh @ bus %-4d' % (minv, bus[mini, BUS_I], maxv, bus[maxi, BUS_I]))
minv = min(bus[:, LAM_Q])
mini = argmin(bus[:, LAM_Q])
maxv = max(bus[:, LAM_Q])
maxi = argmax(bus[:, LAM_Q])
fd.write('\nLambda Q %8.2f $/MWh @ bus %-4d %8.2f $/MWh @ bus %-4d' % (minv, bus[mini, BUS_I], maxv, bus[maxi, BUS_I]))
fd.write('\n')
if OUT_AREA_SUM:
fd.write('\n================================================================================')
fd.write('\n| Area Summary |')
fd.write('\n================================================================================')
fd.write('\nArea # of # of Gens # of Loads # of # of # of # of')
fd.write('\n Num Buses Total Online Total Fixed Disp Shunt Brchs Xfmrs Ties')
fd.write('\n---- ----- ----- ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----')
for i in range(len(s_areas)):
a = s_areas[i]
ib = find(bus[:, BUS_AREA] == a)
ig = find((bus[e2i[gen[:, GEN_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a) & ~isload(gen))
igon = find((bus[e2i[gen[:, GEN_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a) & (gen[:, GEN_STATUS] > 0) & ~isload(gen))
ildon = find((bus[e2i[gen[:, GEN_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a) & (gen[:, GEN_STATUS] > 0) & isload(gen))
inzld = find((bus[:, BUS_AREA] == a) & logical_or(bus[:, PD], bus[:, QD]))
inzsh = find((bus[:, BUS_AREA] == a) & logical_or(bus[:, GS], bus[:, BS]))
ibrch = find((bus[e2i[branch[:, F_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a) & (bus[e2i[branch[:, T_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a))
in_tie = find((bus[e2i[branch[:, F_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a) & (bus[e2i[branch[:, T_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] != a))
out_tie = find((bus[e2i[branch[:, F_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] != a) & (bus[e2i[branch[:, T_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a))
if not any(xfmr + 1):
nxfmr = 0
else:
nxfmr = len(find((bus[e2i[branch[xfmr, F_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a) & (bus[e2i[branch[xfmr, T_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a)))
fd.write('\n%3d %6d %5d %5d %5d %5d %5d %5d %5d %5d %5d' %
(a, len(ib), len(ig), len(igon), \
len(inzld)+len(ildon), len(inzld), len(ildon), \
len(inzsh), len(ibrch), nxfmr, len(in_tie)+len(out_tie)))
fd.write('\n---- ----- ----- ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----')
fd.write('\nTot: %6d %5d %5d %5d %5d %5d %5d %5d %5d %5d' %
(nb, len(allg), len(ong), len(nzld)+len(onld),
len(nzld), len(onld), len(nzsh), nl, len(xfmr), len(ties)))
fd.write('\n')
fd.write('\nArea Total Gen Capacity On-line Gen Capacity Generation')
fd.write('\n Num MW MVAr MW MVAr MW MVAr')
fd.write('\n---- ------ ------------------ ------ ------------------ ------ ------')
for i in range(len(s_areas)):
a = s_areas[i]
ig = find((bus[e2i[gen[:, GEN_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a) & ~isload(gen))
igon = find((bus[e2i[gen[:, GEN_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a) & (gen[:, GEN_STATUS] > 0) & ~isload(gen))
fd.write('\n%3d %7.1f %7.1f to %-7.1f %7.1f %7.1f to %-7.1f %7.1f %7.1f' %
(a, sum(gen[ig, PMAX]), sum(gen[ig, QMIN]), sum(gen[ig, QMAX]),
sum(gen[igon, PMAX]), sum(gen[igon, QMIN]), sum(gen[igon, QMAX]),
sum(gen[igon, PG]), sum(gen[igon, QG]) ))
fd.write('\n---- ------ ------------------ ------ ------------------ ------ ------')
fd.write('\nTot: %7.1f %7.1f to %-7.1f %7.1f %7.1f to %-7.1f %7.1f %7.1f' %
(sum(gen[allg, PMAX]), sum(gen[allg, QMIN]), sum(gen[allg, QMAX]),
sum(gen[ong, PMAX]), sum(gen[ong, QMIN]), sum(gen[ong, QMAX]),
sum(gen[ong, PG]), sum(gen[ong, QG]) ))
fd.write('\n')
fd.write('\nArea Disp Load Cap Disp Load Fixed Load Total Load')
fd.write('\n Num MW MVAr MW MVAr MW MVAr MW MVAr')
fd.write('\n---- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------')
Qlim = (gen[:, QMIN] == 0) * gen[:, QMAX] + (gen[:, QMAX] == 0) * gen[:, QMIN]
for i in range(len(s_areas)):
a = s_areas[i]
ildon = find((bus[e2i[gen[:, GEN_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a) & (gen[:, GEN_STATUS] > 0) & isload(gen))
inzld = find((bus[:, BUS_AREA] == a) & logical_or(bus[:, PD], bus[:, QD]))
fd.write('\n%3d %7.1f %7.1f %7.1f %7.1f %7.1f %7.1f %7.1f %7.1f' %
(a, -sum(gen[ildon, PMIN]),
-sum(Qlim[ildon]),
-sum(gen[ildon, PG]), -sum(gen[ildon, QG]),
sum(bus[inzld, PD]), sum(bus[inzld, QD]),
-sum(gen[ildon, PG]) + sum(bus[inzld, PD]),
-sum(gen[ildon, QG]) + sum(bus[inzld, QD]) ))
fd.write('\n---- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------')
fd.write('\nTot: %7.1f %7.1f %7.1f %7.1f %7.1f %7.1f %7.1f %7.1f' %
(-sum(gen[onld, PMIN]),
-sum(Qlim[onld]),
-sum(gen[onld, PG]), -sum(gen[onld, QG]),
sum(bus[nzld, PD]), sum(bus[nzld, QD]),
-sum(gen[onld, PG]) + sum(bus[nzld, PD]),
-sum(gen[onld, QG]) + sum(bus[nzld, QD])) )
fd.write('\n')
fd.write('\nArea Shunt Inj Branch Series Losses Net Export')
fd.write('\n Num MW MVAr Charging MW MVAr MW MVAr')
fd.write('\n---- ------ ------ -------- ------ ------ ------ ------')
for i in range(len(s_areas)):
a = s_areas[i]
inzsh = find((bus[:, BUS_AREA] == a) & logical_or(bus[:, GS], bus[:, BS]))
ibrch = find((bus[e2i[branch[:, F_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a) & (bus[e2i[branch[:, T_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a) & branch[:, BR_STATUS].astype(bool))
in_tie = find((bus[e2i[branch[:, F_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] != a) & (bus[e2i[branch[:, T_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a) & branch[:, BR_STATUS].astype(bool))
out_tie = find((bus[e2i[branch[:, F_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a) & (bus[e2i[branch[:, T_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] != a) & branch[:, BR_STATUS].astype(bool))
fd.write('\n%3d %7.1f %7.1f %7.1f %7.2f %7.2f %7.1f %7.1f' %
(a, -sum(bus[inzsh, VM]**2 * bus[inzsh, GS]),
sum(bus[inzsh, VM]**2 * bus[inzsh, BS]),
sum(fchg[ibrch]) + sum(tchg[ibrch]) + sum(fchg[out_tie]) + sum(tchg[in_tie]),
sum(real(loss[ibrch])) + sum(real(loss[r_[in_tie, out_tie]])) / 2,
sum(imag(loss[ibrch])) + sum(imag(loss[r_[in_tie, out_tie]])) / 2,
sum(branch[in_tie, PT])+sum(branch[out_tie, PF]) - sum(real(loss[r_[in_tie, out_tie]])) / 2,
sum(branch[in_tie, QT])+sum(branch[out_tie, QF]) - sum(imag(loss[r_[in_tie, out_tie]])) / 2 ))
fd.write('\n---- ------ ------ -------- ------ ------ ------ ------')
fd.write('\nTot: %7.1f %7.1f %7.1f %7.2f %7.2f - -' %
(-sum(bus[nzsh, VM]**2 * bus[nzsh, GS]),
sum(bus[nzsh, VM]**2 * bus[nzsh, BS]),
sum(fchg) + sum(tchg), sum(real(loss)), sum(imag(loss)) ))
fd.write('\n')
## generator data
if OUT_GEN:
if isOPF:
genlamP = bus[e2i[gen[:, GEN_BUS].astype(int)], LAM_P]
genlamQ = bus[e2i[gen[:, GEN_BUS].astype(int)], LAM_Q]
fd.write('\n================================================================================')
fd.write('\n| Generator Data |')
fd.write('\n================================================================================')
fd.write('\n Gen Bus Status Pg Qg ')
if isOPF: fd.write(' Lambda ($/MVA-hr)')
fd.write('\n # # (MW) (MVAr) ')
if isOPF: fd.write(' P Q ')
fd.write('\n---- ----- ------ -------- --------')
if isOPF: fd.write(' -------- --------')
for k in range(len(ong)):
i = ong[k]
fd.write('\n%3d %6d %2d ' % (i, gen[i, GEN_BUS], gen[i, GEN_STATUS]))
if (gen[i, GEN_STATUS] > 0) & logical_or(gen[i, PG], gen[i, QG]):
fd.write('%10.2f%10.2f' % (gen[i, PG], gen[i, QG]))
else:
fd.write(' - - ')
if isOPF: fd.write('%10.2f%10.2f' % (genlamP[i], genlamQ[i]))
fd.write('\n -------- --------')
fd.write('\n Total: %9.2f%10.2f' % (sum(gen[ong, PG]), sum(gen[ong, QG])))
fd.write('\n')
if any(onld + 1):
fd.write('\n================================================================================')
fd.write('\n| Dispatchable Load Data |')
fd.write('\n================================================================================')
fd.write('\n Gen Bus Status Pd Qd ')
if isOPF: fd.write(' Lambda ($/MVA-hr)')
fd.write('\n # # (MW) (MVAr) ')
if isOPF: fd.write(' P Q ')
fd.write('\n---- ----- ------ -------- --------')
if isOPF: fd.write(' -------- --------')
for k in range(len(onld)):
i = onld[k]
fd.write('\n%3d %6d %2d ' % (i, gen[i, GEN_BUS], gen[i, GEN_STATUS]))
if (gen[i, GEN_STATUS] > 0) & logical_or(gen[i, PG], gen[i, QG]):
fd.write('%10.2f%10.2f' % (-gen[i, PG], -gen[i, QG]))
else:
fd.write(' - - ')
if isOPF: fd.write('%10.2f%10.2f' % (genlamP[i], genlamQ[i]))
fd.write('\n -------- --------')
fd.write('\n Total: %9.2f%10.2f' % (-sum(gen[onld, PG]), -sum(gen[onld, QG])))
fd.write('\n')
## bus data
if OUT_BUS:
fd.write('\n================================================================================')
fd.write('\n| Bus Data |')
fd.write('\n================================================================================')
fd.write('\n Bus Voltage Generation Load ')
if isOPF: fd.write(' Lambda($/MVA-hr)')
fd.write('\n # Mag(pu) Ang(deg) P (MW) Q (MVAr) P (MW) Q (MVAr)')
if isOPF: fd.write(' P Q ')
fd.write('\n----- ------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------')
if isOPF: fd.write(' ------- -------')
for i in range(nb):
fd.write('\n%5d%7.3f%9.3f' % tuple(bus[i, [BUS_I, VM, VA]]))
if bus[i, BUS_TYPE] == REF:
fd.write('*')
else:
fd.write(' ')
g = find((gen[:, GEN_STATUS] > 0) & (gen[:, GEN_BUS] == bus[i, BUS_I]) &
~isload(gen))
ld = find((gen[:, GEN_STATUS] > 0) & (gen[:, GEN_BUS] == bus[i, BUS_I]) &
isload(gen))
if any(g + 1):
fd.write('%9.2f%10.2f' % (sum(gen[g, PG]), sum(gen[g, QG])))
else:
fd.write(' - - ')
if logical_or(bus[i, PD], bus[i, QD]) | any(ld + 1):
if any(ld + 1):
fd.write('%10.2f*%9.2f*' % (bus[i, PD] - sum(gen[ld, PG]),
bus[i, QD] - sum(gen[ld, QG])))
else:
fd.write('%10.2f%10.2f ' % tuple(bus[i, [PD, QD]]))
else:
fd.write(' - - ')
if isOPF:
fd.write('%9.3f' % bus[i, LAM_P])
if abs(bus[i, LAM_Q]) > ptol:
fd.write('%8.3f' % bus[i, LAM_Q])
else:
fd.write(' -')
fd.write('\n -------- -------- -------- --------')
fd.write('\n Total: %9.2f %9.2f %9.2f %9.2f' %
(sum(gen[ong, PG]), sum(gen[ong, QG]),
sum(bus[nzld, PD]) - sum(gen[onld, PG]),
sum(bus[nzld, QD]) - sum(gen[onld, QG])))
fd.write('\n')
## branch data
if OUT_BRANCH:
fd.write('\n================================================================================')
fd.write('\n| Branch Data |')
fd.write('\n================================================================================')
fd.write('\nBrnch From To From Bus Injection To Bus Injection Loss (I^2 * Z) ')
fd.write('\n # Bus Bus P (MW) Q (MVAr) P (MW) Q (MVAr) P (MW) Q (MVAr)')
fd.write('\n----- ----- ----- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------')
for i in range(nl):
fd.write('\n%4d%7d%7d%10.2f%10.2f%10.2f%10.2f%10.3f%10.2f' %
(i, branch[i, F_BUS], branch[i, T_BUS],
branch[i, PF], branch[i, QF], branch[i, PT], branch[i, QT],
loss[i].real, loss[i].imag))
fd.write('\n -------- --------')
fd.write('\n Total:%10.3f%10.2f' %
(sum(real(loss)), sum(imag(loss))))
fd.write('\n')
##----- constraint data -----
if isOPF:
ctol = ppopt['OPF_VIOLATION'] ## constraint violation tolerance
## voltage constraints
if (not isDC) & (OUT_V_LIM == 2 | (OUT_V_LIM == 1 &
(any(bus[:, VM] < bus[:, VMIN] + ctol) |
any(bus[:, VM] > bus[:, VMAX] - ctol) |
any(bus[:, MU_VMIN] > ptol) |
any(bus[:, MU_VMAX] > ptol)))):
fd.write('\n================================================================================')
fd.write('\n| Voltage Constraints |')
fd.write('\n================================================================================')
fd.write('\nBus # Vmin mu Vmin |V| Vmax Vmax mu')
fd.write('\n----- -------- ----- ----- ----- --------')
for i in range(nb):
if (OUT_V_LIM == 2) | (OUT_V_LIM == 1 &
((bus[i, VM] < bus[i, VMIN] + ctol) |
(bus[i, VM] > bus[i, VMAX] - ctol) |
(bus[i, MU_VMIN] > ptol) |
(bus[i, MU_VMAX] > ptol))):
fd.write('\n%5d' % bus[i, BUS_I])
if ((bus[i, VM] < bus[i, VMIN] + ctol) |
(bus[i, MU_VMIN] > ptol)):
fd.write('%10.3f' % bus[i, MU_VMIN])
else:
fd.write(' - ')
fd.write('%8.3f%7.3f%7.3f' % tuple(bus[i, [VMIN, VM, VMAX]]))
if (bus[i, VM] > bus[i, VMAX] - ctol) | (bus[i, MU_VMAX] > ptol):
fd.write('%10.3f' % bus[i, MU_VMAX])
else:
fd.write(' - ')
fd.write('\n')
## generator P constraints
if (OUT_PG_LIM == 2) | \
((OUT_PG_LIM == 1) & (any(gen[ong, PG] < gen[ong, PMIN] + ctol) |
any(gen[ong, PG] > gen[ong, PMAX] - ctol) |
any(gen[ong, MU_PMIN] > ptol) |
any(gen[ong, MU_PMAX] > ptol))) | \
((not isDC) & ((OUT_QG_LIM == 2) |
((OUT_QG_LIM == 1) & (any(gen[ong, QG] < gen[ong, QMIN] + ctol) |
any(gen[ong, QG] > gen[ong, QMAX] - ctol) |
any(gen[ong, MU_QMIN] > ptol) |
any(gen[ong, MU_QMAX] > ptol))))):
fd.write('\n================================================================================')
fd.write('\n| Generation Constraints |')
fd.write('\n================================================================================')
if (OUT_PG_LIM == 2) | ((OUT_PG_LIM == 1) &
(any(gen[ong, PG] < gen[ong, PMIN] + ctol) |
any(gen[ong, PG] > gen[ong, PMAX] - ctol) |
any(gen[ong, MU_PMIN] > ptol) |
any(gen[ong, MU_PMAX] > ptol))):
fd.write('\n Gen Bus Active Power Limits')
fd.write('\n # # Pmin mu Pmin Pg Pmax Pmax mu')
fd.write('\n---- ----- ------- -------- -------- -------- -------')
for k in range(len(ong)):
i = ong[k]
if (OUT_PG_LIM == 2) | ((OUT_PG_LIM == 1) &
((gen[i, PG] < gen[i, PMIN] + ctol) |
(gen[i, PG] > gen[i, PMAX] - ctol) |
(gen[i, MU_PMIN] > ptol) | (gen[i, MU_PMAX] > ptol))):
fd.write('\n%4d%6d ' % (i, gen[i, GEN_BUS]))
if (gen[i, PG] < gen[i, PMIN] + ctol) | (gen[i, MU_PMIN] > ptol):
fd.write('%8.3f' % gen[i, MU_PMIN])
else:
fd.write(' - ')
if gen[i, PG]:
fd.write('%10.2f%10.2f%10.2f' % tuple(gen[i, [PMIN, PG, PMAX]]))
else:
fd.write('%10.2f - %10.2f' % tuple(gen[i, [PMIN, PMAX]]))
if (gen[i, PG] > gen[i, PMAX] - ctol) | (gen[i, MU_PMAX] > ptol):
fd.write('%9.3f' % gen[i, MU_PMAX])
else:
fd.write(' - ')
fd.write('\n')
## generator Q constraints
if (not isDC) & ((OUT_QG_LIM == 2) | ((OUT_QG_LIM == 1) &
(any(gen[ong, QG] < gen[ong, QMIN] + ctol) |
any(gen[ong, QG] > gen[ong, QMAX] - ctol) |
any(gen[ong, MU_QMIN] > ptol) |
any(gen[ong, MU_QMAX] > ptol)))):
fd.write('\nGen Bus Reactive Power Limits')
fd.write('\n # # Qmin mu Qmin Qg Qmax Qmax mu')
fd.write('\n--- --- ------- -------- -------- -------- -------')
for k in range(len(ong)):
i = ong[k]
if (OUT_QG_LIM == 2) | ((OUT_QG_LIM == 1) &
((gen[i, QG] < gen[i, QMIN] + ctol) |
(gen[i, QG] > gen[i, QMAX] - ctol) |
(gen[i, MU_QMIN] > ptol) |
(gen[i, MU_QMAX] > ptol))):
fd.write('\n%3d%5d' % (i, gen[i, GEN_BUS]))
if (gen[i, QG] < gen[i, QMIN] + ctol) | (gen[i, MU_QMIN] > ptol):
fd.write('%8.3f' % gen[i, MU_QMIN])
else:
fd.write(' - ')
if gen[i, QG]:
fd.write('%10.2f%10.2f%10.2f' % tuple(gen[i, [QMIN, QG, QMAX]]))
else:
fd.write('%10.2f - %10.2f' % tuple(gen[i, [QMIN, QMAX]]))
if (gen[i, QG] > gen[i, QMAX] - ctol) | (gen[i, MU_QMAX] > ptol):
fd.write('%9.3f' % gen[i, MU_QMAX])
else:
fd.write(' - ')
fd.write('\n')
## dispatchable load P constraints
if (OUT_PG_LIM == 2) | (OUT_QG_LIM == 2) | \
((OUT_PG_LIM == 1) & (any(gen[onld, PG] < gen[onld, PMIN] + ctol) |
any(gen[onld, PG] > gen[onld, PMAX] - ctol) |
any(gen[onld, MU_PMIN] > ptol) |
any(gen[onld, MU_PMAX] > ptol))) | \
((OUT_QG_LIM == 1) & (any(gen[onld, QG] < gen[onld, QMIN] + ctol) |
any(gen[onld, QG] > gen[onld, QMAX] - ctol) |
any(gen[onld, MU_QMIN] > ptol) |
any(gen[onld, MU_QMAX] > ptol))):
fd.write('\n================================================================================')
fd.write('\n| Dispatchable Load Constraints |')
fd.write('\n================================================================================')
if (OUT_PG_LIM == 2) | ((OUT_PG_LIM == 1) &
(any(gen[onld, PG] < gen[onld, PMIN] + ctol) |
any(gen[onld, PG] > gen[onld, PMAX] - ctol) |
any(gen[onld, MU_PMIN] > ptol) |
any(gen[onld, MU_PMAX] > ptol))):
fd.write('\nGen Bus Active Power Limits')
fd.write('\n # # Pmin mu Pmin Pg Pmax Pmax mu')
fd.write('\n--- --- ------- -------- -------- -------- -------')
for k in range(len(onld)):
i = onld[k]
if (OUT_PG_LIM == 2) | ((OUT_PG_LIM == 1) &
((gen[i, PG] < gen[i, PMIN] + ctol) |
(gen[i, PG] > gen[i, PMAX] - ctol) |
(gen[i, MU_PMIN] > ptol) |
(gen[i, MU_PMAX] > ptol))):
fd.write('\n%3d%5d' % (i, gen[i, GEN_BUS]))
if (gen[i, PG] < gen[i, PMIN] + ctol) | (gen[i, MU_PMIN] > ptol):
fd.write('%8.3f' % gen[i, MU_PMIN])
else:
fd.write(' - ')
if gen[i, PG]:
fd.write('%10.2f%10.2f%10.2f' % gen[i, [PMIN, PG, PMAX]])
else:
fd.write('%10.2f - %10.2f' % gen[i, [PMIN, PMAX]])
if (gen[i, PG] > gen[i, PMAX] - ctol) | (gen[i, MU_PMAX] > ptol):
fd.write('%9.3f' % gen[i, MU_PMAX])
else:
fd.write(' - ')
fd.write('\n')
## dispatchable load Q constraints
if (not isDC) & ((OUT_QG_LIM == 2) | ((OUT_QG_LIM == 1) &
(any(gen[onld, QG] < gen[onld, QMIN] + ctol) |
any(gen[onld, QG] > gen[onld, QMAX] - ctol) |
any(gen[onld, MU_QMIN] > ptol) |
any(gen[onld, MU_QMAX] > ptol)))):
fd.write('\nGen Bus Reactive Power Limits')
fd.write('\n # # Qmin mu Qmin Qg Qmax Qmax mu')
fd.write('\n--- --- ------- -------- -------- -------- -------')
for k in range(len(onld)):
i = onld[k]
if (OUT_QG_LIM == 2) | ((OUT_QG_LIM == 1) &
((gen[i, QG] < gen[i, QMIN] + ctol) |
(gen[i, QG] > gen[i, QMAX] - ctol) |
(gen[i, MU_QMIN] > ptol) |
(gen[i, MU_QMAX] > ptol))):
fd.write('\n%3d%5d' % (i, gen(i, GEN_BUS)))
if (gen[i, QG] < gen[i, QMIN] + ctol) | (gen[i, MU_QMIN] > ptol):
fd.write('%8.3f' % gen[i, MU_QMIN])
else:
fd.write(' - ')
if gen[i, QG]:
fd.write('%10.2f%10.2f%10.2f' % gen[i, [QMIN, QG, QMAX]])
else:
fd.write('%10.2f - %10.2f' % gen[i, [QMIN, QMAX]])
if (gen[i, QG] > gen[i, QMAX] - ctol) | (gen[i, MU_QMAX] > ptol):
fd.write('%9.3f' % gen[i, MU_QMAX])
else:
fd.write(' - ')
fd.write('\n')
## line flow constraints
if (ppopt['OPF_FLOW_LIM'] == 1) | isDC: ## P limit
Ff = branch[:, PF]
Ft = branch[:, PT]
strg = '\n # Bus Pf mu Pf |Pmax| Pt Pt mu Bus'
elif ppopt['OPF_FLOW_LIM'] == 2: ## |I| limit
Ff = abs( (branch[:, PF] + 1j * branch[:, QF]) / V[e2i[branch[:, F_BUS].astype(int)]] )
Ft = abs( (branch[:, PT] + 1j * branch[:, QT]) / V[e2i[branch[:, T_BUS].astype(int)]] )
strg = '\n # Bus |If| mu |If| |Imax| |It| |It| mu Bus'
else: ## |S| limit
Ff = abs(branch[:, PF] + 1j * branch[:, QF])
Ft = abs(branch[:, PT] + 1j * branch[:, QT])
strg = '\n # Bus |Sf| mu |Sf| |Smax| |St| |St| mu Bus'
if (OUT_LINE_LIM == 2) | ((OUT_LINE_LIM == 1) &
(any((branch[:, RATE_A] != 0) & (abs(Ff) > branch[:, RATE_A] - ctol)) |
any((branch[:, RATE_A] != 0) & (abs(Ft) > branch[:, RATE_A] - ctol)) |
any(branch[:, MU_SF] > ptol) |
any(branch[:, MU_ST] > ptol))):
fd.write('\n================================================================================')
fd.write('\n| Branch Flow Constraints |')
fd.write('\n================================================================================')
fd.write('\nBrnch From "From" End Limit "To" End To')
fd.write(strg)
fd.write('\n----- ----- ------- -------- -------- -------- ------- -----')
for i in range(nl):
if (OUT_LINE_LIM == 2) | ((OUT_LINE_LIM == 1) &
(((branch[i, RATE_A] != 0) & (abs(Ff[i]) > branch[i, RATE_A] - ctol)) |
((branch[i, RATE_A] != 0) & (abs(Ft[i]) > branch[i, RATE_A] - ctol)) |
(branch[i, MU_SF] > ptol) | (branch[i, MU_ST] > ptol))):
fd.write('\n%4d%7d' % (i, branch[i, F_BUS]))
if (Ff[i] > branch[i, RATE_A] - ctol) | (branch[i, MU_SF] > ptol):
fd.write('%10.3f' % branch[i, MU_SF])
else:
fd.write(' - ')
fd.write('%9.2f%10.2f%10.2f' %
(Ff[i], branch[i, RATE_A], Ft[i]))
if (Ft[i] > branch[i, RATE_A] - ctol) | (branch[i, MU_ST] > ptol):
fd.write('%10.3f' % branch[i, MU_ST])
else:
fd.write(' - ')
fd.write('%6d' % branch[i, T_BUS])
fd.write('\n')
## execute userfcn callbacks for 'printpf' stage
if have_results_struct & results.has_key('userfcn'):
if not isOPF: ## turn off option for all constraints if it isn't an OPF
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, 'OUT_ALL_LIM', 0)
run_userfcn(results["userfcn"], 'printpf', results, fd, ppopt)
def opf_args(casefile):
"""Parses and initializes OPF input arguments.
Returns the full set of initialized OPF input arguments, filling in
default values for missing arguments. See Examples below for the
possible calling syntax options.
Input arguments options::
opf_args(ppc)
opf_args(ppc, ppopt)
opf_args(ppc, userfcn, ppopt)
opf_args(ppc, A, l, u)
opf_args(ppc, A, l, u, ppopt)
opf_args(ppc, A, l, u, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw)
opf_args(ppc, A, l, u, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw, z0, zl, zu)
opf_args(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost)
opf_args(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, ppopt)
opf_args(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, userfcn, ppopt)
opf_args(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, A, l, u)
opf_args(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, A, l, u, ppopt)
opf_args(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, A, l, u, ...
ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw)
opf_args(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost, A, l, u, ...
ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw, z0, zl, zu)
The data for the problem can be specified in one of three ways:
1. a string (ppc) containing the file name of a PYPOWER case
which defines the data matrices baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, and
gencost (areas is not used at all, it is only included for
backward compatibility of the API).
2. a dict (ppc) containing the data matrices as fields.
3. the individual data matrices themselves.
The optional user parameters for user constraints (C{A, l, u}), user costs
(C{N, fparm, H, Cw}), user variable initializer (z0), and user variable
limits (C{zl, zu}) can also be specified as fields in a case dict,
either passed in directly or defined in a case file referenced by name.
When specified, C{A, l, u} represent additional linear constraints on the
optimization variables, C{l <= A*[x z] <= u}. If the user specifies an C{A}
matrix that has more columns than the number of "C{x}" (OPF) variables,
then there are extra linearly constrained "C{z}" variables. For an
explanation of the formulation used and instructions for forming the
C{A} matrix, see the MATPOWER manual.
A generalized cost on all variables can be applied if input arguments
C{N}, C{fparm}, C{H} and C{Cw} are specified. First, a linear
transformation of the optimization variables is defined by means of
C{r = N * [x z]}. Then, to each element of r a function is applied as
encoded in the C{fparm} matrix (see Matpower manual). If the resulting
vector is named C{w}, then C{H} and C{Cw} define a quadratic cost on
C{w}: C{(1/2)*w'*H*w + Cw * w}.
C{H} and C{N} should be sparse matrices and C{H} should also be symmetric.
The optional C{ppopt} vector specifies PYPOWER options. See L{ppoption}
for details and default values.
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
@author: Carlos E. Murillo-Sanchez (PSERC Cornell & Universidad
Autonoma de Manizales)
"""
# nargin = len([arg for arg in [baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, areas, gencost,
# Au, lbu, ubu, ppopt, N, fparm, H, Cw,
# z0, zl, zu] if arg is not None])
## passing filename or dict
if isinstance(casefile, dict):
zu = array([])
zl = array([])
z0 = array([])
Cw = array([])
H = None
fparm = array([])
N = None
ppopt = ppoption()
ubu = array([])
lbu = array([])
Au = None
ppc = casefile
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch = \
ppc['baseMVA'], ppc['bus'], ppc['gen'], ppc['branch']
return baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, ppopt
else:
stderr.write('opf_args: Incorrect input arg order, number or type\n')
return array([]), array([]), array([]), array([]), array([])
def printpf(baseMVA,
bus=None,
gen=None,
branch=None,
f=None,
success=None,
et=None,
fd=None,
ppopt=None):
"""Prints power flow results.
Prints power flow and optimal power flow results to C{fd} (a file
descriptor which defaults to C{stdout}), with the details of what
gets printed controlled by the optional C{ppopt} argument, which is a
PYPOWER options vector (see L{ppoption} for details).
The data can either be supplied in a single C{results} dict, or
in the individual arguments: C{baseMVA}, C{bus}, C{gen}, C{branch}, C{f},
C{success} and C{et}, where C{f} is the OPF objective function value,
C{success} is C{True} if the solution converged and C{False} otherwise,
and C{et} is the elapsed time for the computation in seconds. If C{f} is
given, it is assumed that the output is from an OPF run, otherwise it is
assumed to be a simple power flow run.
Examples::
ppopt = ppoptions(OUT_GEN=1, OUT_BUS=0, OUT_BRANCH=0)
fd = open(fname, 'w+b')
results = runopf(ppc)
printpf(results)
printpf(results, fd)
printpf(results, fd, ppopt)
printpf(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, f, success, et)
printpf(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, f, success, et, fd)
printpf(baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, f, success, et, fd, ppopt)
fd.close()
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
"""
##----- initialization -----
## default arguments
if isinstance(baseMVA, dict):
have_results_struct = 1
results = baseMVA
if gen is None:
ppopt = ppoption() ## use default options
else:
ppopt = gen
if (ppopt['OUT_ALL'] == 0):
return ## nothin' to see here, bail out now
if bus is None:
fd = stdout ## print to stdout by default
else:
fd = bus
baseMVA, bus, gen, branch, success, et = \
results["baseMVA"], results["bus"], results["gen"], \
results["branch"], results["success"], results["et"]
if 'f' in results:
f = results["f"]
else:
f = None
else:
have_results_struct = 0
if ppopt is None:
ppopt = ppoption() ## use default options
if fd is None:
fd = stdout ## print to stdout by default
if ppopt['OUT_ALL'] == 0:
return ## nothin' to see here, bail out now
isOPF = f is not None ## FALSE -> only simple PF data, TRUE -> OPF data
## options
isDC = ppopt['PF_DC'] ## use DC formulation?
OUT_ALL = ppopt['OUT_ALL']
OUT_ANY = OUT_ALL == 1 ## set to true if any pretty output is to be generated
OUT_SYS_SUM = (OUT_ALL == 1) or ((OUT_ALL == -1) and ppopt['OUT_SYS_SUM'])
OUT_AREA_SUM = (OUT_ALL == 1) or ((OUT_ALL == -1)
and ppopt['OUT_AREA_SUM'])
OUT_BUS = (OUT_ALL == 1) or ((OUT_ALL == -1) and ppopt['OUT_BUS'])
OUT_BRANCH = (OUT_ALL == 1) or ((OUT_ALL == -1) and ppopt['OUT_BRANCH'])
OUT_GEN = (OUT_ALL == 1) or ((OUT_ALL == -1) and ppopt['OUT_GEN'])
OUT_ANY = OUT_ANY | (
(OUT_ALL == -1) and
(OUT_SYS_SUM or OUT_AREA_SUM or OUT_BUS or OUT_BRANCH or OUT_GEN))
if OUT_ALL == -1:
OUT_ALL_LIM = ppopt['OUT_ALL_LIM']
elif OUT_ALL == 1:
OUT_ALL_LIM = 2
else:
OUT_ALL_LIM = 0
OUT_ANY = OUT_ANY or (OUT_ALL_LIM >= 1)
if OUT_ALL_LIM == -1:
OUT_V_LIM = ppopt['OUT_V_LIM']
OUT_LINE_LIM = ppopt['OUT_LINE_LIM']
OUT_PG_LIM = ppopt['OUT_PG_LIM']
OUT_QG_LIM = ppopt['OUT_QG_LIM']
else:
OUT_V_LIM = OUT_ALL_LIM
OUT_LINE_LIM = OUT_ALL_LIM
OUT_PG_LIM = OUT_ALL_LIM
OUT_QG_LIM = OUT_ALL_LIM
OUT_ANY = OUT_ANY or (
(OUT_ALL_LIM == -1) and
(OUT_V_LIM or OUT_LINE_LIM or OUT_PG_LIM or OUT_QG_LIM))
ptol = 1e-4 ## tolerance for displaying shadow prices
## create map of external bus numbers to bus indices
i2e = bus[:, BUS_I].astype(int)
e2i = zeros(max(i2e) + 1, int)
e2i[i2e] = arange(bus.shape[0])
## sizes of things
nb = bus.shape[0] ## number of buses
nl = branch.shape[0] ## number of branches
ng = gen.shape[0] ## number of generators
## zero out some data to make printout consistent for DC case
if isDC:
bus[:, r_[QD, BS]] = zeros((nb, 2))
gen[:, r_[QG, QMAX, QMIN]] = zeros((ng, 3))
branch[:, r_[BR_R, BR_B]] = zeros((nl, 2))
## parameters
ties = find(
bus[e2i[branch[:, F_BUS].astype(int)],
BUS_AREA] != bus[e2i[branch[:, T_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA])
## area inter-ties
tap = ones(nl) ## default tap ratio = 1 for lines
xfmr = find(branch[:, TAP]) ## indices of transformers
tap[xfmr] = branch[xfmr, TAP] ## include transformer tap ratios
tap = tap * exp(1j * pi / 180 * branch[:, SHIFT]) ## add phase shifters
nzld = find((bus[:, PD] != 0.0) | (bus[:, QD] != 0.0))
sorted_areas = sort(bus[:, BUS_AREA])
## area numbers
s_areas = sorted_areas[r_[1, find(diff(sorted_areas)) + 1]]
nzsh = find((bus[:, GS] != 0.0) | (bus[:, BS] != 0.0))
allg = find(~isload(gen))
ong = find((gen[:, GEN_STATUS] > 0) & ~isload(gen))
onld = find((gen[:, GEN_STATUS] > 0) & isload(gen))
V = bus[:, VM] * exp(-1j * pi / 180 * bus[:, VA])
out = find(branch[:, BR_STATUS] == 0) ## out-of-service branches
nout = len(out)
if isDC:
loss = zeros(nl)
else:
loss = baseMVA * abs(V[e2i[ branch[:, F_BUS].astype(int) ]] / tap -
V[e2i[ branch[:, T_BUS].astype(int) ]])**2 / \
(branch[:, BR_R] - 1j * branch[:, BR_X])
fchg = abs(V[e2i[branch[:, F_BUS].astype(int)]] /
tap)**2 * branch[:, BR_B] * baseMVA / 2
tchg = abs(
V[e2i[branch[:, T_BUS].astype(int)]])**2 * branch[:,
BR_B] * baseMVA / 2
loss[out] = zeros(nout)
fchg[out] = zeros(nout)
tchg[out] = zeros(nout)
##----- print the stuff -----
if OUT_ANY:
## convergence & elapsed time
if success:
fd.write('\nConverged in %.2f seconds' % et)
else:
fd.write('\nDid not converge (%.2f seconds)\n' % et)
## objective function value
if isOPF:
fd.write('\nObjective Function Value = %.2f $/hr' % f)
if OUT_SYS_SUM:
fd.write(
'\n================================================================================'
)
fd.write(
'\n| System Summary |'
)
fd.write(
'\n================================================================================'
)
fd.write(
'\n\nHow many? How much? P (MW) Q (MVAr)'
)
fd.write(
'\n--------------------- ------------------- ------------- -----------------'
)
fd.write(
'\nBuses %6d Total Gen Capacity %7.1f %7.1f to %.1f'
% (nb, sum(gen[allg, PMAX]), sum(gen[allg,
QMIN]), sum(gen[allg, QMAX])))
fd.write(
'\nGenerators %5d On-line Capacity %7.1f %7.1f to %.1f'
% (len(allg), sum(gen[ong, PMAX]), sum(
gen[ong, QMIN]), sum(gen[ong, QMAX])))
fd.write(
'\nCommitted Gens %5d Generation (actual) %7.1f %7.1f'
% (len(ong), sum(gen[ong, PG]), sum(gen[ong, QG])))
fd.write(
'\nLoads %5d Load %7.1f %7.1f'
% (len(nzld) + len(onld), sum(bus[nzld, PD]) - sum(gen[onld, PG]),
sum(bus[nzld, QD]) - sum(gen[onld, QG])))
fd.write(
'\n Fixed %5d Fixed %7.1f %7.1f'
% (len(nzld), sum(bus[nzld, PD]), sum(bus[nzld, QD])))
fd.write(
'\n Dispatchable %5d Dispatchable %7.1f of %-7.1f%7.1f'
% (len(onld), -sum(gen[onld, PG]), -sum(gen[onld, PMIN]),
-sum(gen[onld, QG])))
fd.write(
'\nShunts %5d Shunt (inj) %7.1f %7.1f'
% (len(nzsh), -sum(bus[nzsh, VM]**2 * bus[nzsh, GS]),
sum(bus[nzsh, VM]**2 * bus[nzsh, BS])))
fd.write(
'\nBranches %5d Losses (I^2 * Z) %8.2f %8.2f'
% (nl, sum(loss.real), sum(loss.imag)))
fd.write(
'\nTransformers %5d Branch Charging (inj) - %7.1f'
% (len(xfmr), sum(fchg) + sum(tchg)))
fd.write(
'\nInter-ties %5d Total Inter-tie Flow %7.1f %7.1f'
% (len(ties), sum(abs(branch[ties, PF] - branch[ties, PT])) / 2,
sum(abs(branch[ties, QF] - branch[ties, QT])) / 2))
fd.write('\nAreas %5d' % len(s_areas))
fd.write('\n')
fd.write(
'\n Minimum Maximum')
fd.write(
'\n ------------------------- --------------------------------'
)
minv = min(bus[:, VM])
mini = argmin(bus[:, VM])
maxv = max(bus[:, VM])
maxi = argmax(bus[:, VM])
fd.write(
'\nVoltage Magnitude %7.3f p.u. @ bus %-4d %7.3f p.u. @ bus %-4d'
% (minv, bus[mini, BUS_I], maxv, bus[maxi, BUS_I]))
minv = min(bus[:, VA])
mini = argmin(bus[:, VA])
maxv = max(bus[:, VA])
maxi = argmax(bus[:, VA])
fd.write(
'\nVoltage Angle %8.2f deg @ bus %-4d %8.2f deg @ bus %-4d'
% (minv, bus[mini, BUS_I], maxv, bus[maxi, BUS_I]))
if not isDC:
maxv = max(loss.real)
maxi = argmax(loss.real)
fd.write(
'\nP Losses (I^2*R) - %8.2f MW @ line %d-%d'
% (maxv, branch[maxi, F_BUS], branch[maxi, T_BUS]))
maxv = max(loss.imag)
maxi = argmax(loss.imag)
fd.write(
'\nQ Losses (I^2*X) - %8.2f MVAr @ line %d-%d'
% (maxv, branch[maxi, F_BUS], branch[maxi, T_BUS]))
if isOPF:
minv = min(bus[:, LAM_P])
mini = argmin(bus[:, LAM_P])
maxv = max(bus[:, LAM_P])
maxi = argmax(bus[:, LAM_P])
fd.write(
'\nLambda P %8.2f $/MWh @ bus %-4d %8.2f $/MWh @ bus %-4d'
% (minv, bus[mini, BUS_I], maxv, bus[maxi, BUS_I]))
minv = min(bus[:, LAM_Q])
mini = argmin(bus[:, LAM_Q])
maxv = max(bus[:, LAM_Q])
maxi = argmax(bus[:, LAM_Q])
fd.write(
'\nLambda Q %8.2f $/MWh @ bus %-4d %8.2f $/MWh @ bus %-4d'
% (minv, bus[mini, BUS_I], maxv, bus[maxi, BUS_I]))
fd.write('\n')
if OUT_AREA_SUM:
fd.write(
'\n================================================================================'
)
fd.write(
'\n| Area Summary |'
)
fd.write(
'\n================================================================================'
)
fd.write(
'\nArea # of # of Gens # of Loads # of # of # of # of'
)
fd.write(
'\n Num Buses Total Online Total Fixed Disp Shunt Brchs Xfmrs Ties'
)
fd.write(
'\n---- ----- ----- ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----'
)
for i in range(len(s_areas)):
a = s_areas[i]
ib = find(bus[:, BUS_AREA] == a)
ig = find((bus[e2i[gen[:, GEN_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a)
& ~isload(gen))
igon = find((bus[e2i[gen[:, GEN_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a)
& (gen[:, GEN_STATUS] > 0) & ~isload(gen))
ildon = find((bus[e2i[gen[:, GEN_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a)
& (gen[:, GEN_STATUS] > 0) & isload(gen))
inzld = find((bus[:, BUS_AREA] == a)
& logical_or(bus[:, PD], bus[:, QD]))
inzsh = find((bus[:, BUS_AREA] == a)
& logical_or(bus[:, GS], bus[:, BS]))
ibrch = find(
(bus[e2i[branch[:, F_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a)
& (bus[e2i[branch[:, T_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a))
in_tie = find(
(bus[e2i[branch[:, F_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a)
& (bus[e2i[branch[:, T_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] != a))
out_tie = find(
(bus[e2i[branch[:, F_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] != a)
& (bus[e2i[branch[:, T_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a))
if not any(xfmr + 1):
nxfmr = 0
else:
nxfmr = len(
find((bus[e2i[branch[xfmr, F_BUS].astype(int)],
BUS_AREA] == a)
& (bus[e2i[branch[xfmr, T_BUS].astype(int)],
BUS_AREA] == a)))
fd.write('\n%3d %6d %5d %5d %5d %5d %5d %5d %5d %5d %5d' %
(a, len(ib), len(ig), len(igon), \
len(inzld)+len(ildon), len(inzld), len(ildon), \
len(inzsh), len(ibrch), nxfmr, len(in_tie)+len(out_tie)))
fd.write(
'\n---- ----- ----- ------ ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- -----'
)
fd.write(
'\nTot: %6d %5d %5d %5d %5d %5d %5d %5d %5d %5d' %
(nb, len(allg), len(ong), len(nzld) + len(onld), len(nzld),
len(onld), len(nzsh), nl, len(xfmr), len(ties)))
fd.write('\n')
fd.write(
'\nArea Total Gen Capacity On-line Gen Capacity Generation'
)
fd.write(
'\n Num MW MVAr MW MVAr MW MVAr'
)
fd.write(
'\n---- ------ ------------------ ------ ------------------ ------ ------'
)
for i in range(len(s_areas)):
a = s_areas[i]
ig = find((bus[e2i[gen[:, GEN_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a)
& ~isload(gen))
igon = find((bus[e2i[gen[:, GEN_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a)
& (gen[:, GEN_STATUS] > 0) & ~isload(gen))
fd.write(
'\n%3d %7.1f %7.1f to %-7.1f %7.1f %7.1f to %-7.1f %7.1f %7.1f'
%
(a, sum(gen[ig, PMAX]), sum(gen[ig, QMIN]), sum(
gen[ig, QMAX]), sum(gen[igon, PMAX]), sum(gen[igon, QMIN]),
sum(gen[igon, QMAX]), sum(gen[igon, PG]), sum(gen[igon, QG])))
fd.write(
'\n---- ------ ------------------ ------ ------------------ ------ ------'
)
fd.write(
'\nTot: %7.1f %7.1f to %-7.1f %7.1f %7.1f to %-7.1f %7.1f %7.1f'
% (sum(gen[allg, PMAX]), sum(gen[allg, QMIN]), sum(
gen[allg, QMAX]), sum(gen[ong, PMAX]), sum(gen[ong, QMIN]),
sum(gen[ong, QMAX]), sum(gen[ong, PG]), sum(gen[ong, QG])))
fd.write('\n')
fd.write(
'\nArea Disp Load Cap Disp Load Fixed Load Total Load'
)
fd.write(
'\n Num MW MVAr MW MVAr MW MVAr MW MVAr'
)
fd.write(
'\n---- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------'
)
Qlim = (gen[:, QMIN] == 0) * gen[:, QMAX] + (gen[:, QMAX]
== 0) * gen[:, QMIN]
for i in range(len(s_areas)):
a = s_areas[i]
ildon = find((bus[e2i[gen[:, GEN_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a)
& (gen[:, GEN_STATUS] > 0) & isload(gen))
inzld = find((bus[:, BUS_AREA] == a)
& logical_or(bus[:, PD], bus[:, QD]))
fd.write(
'\n%3d %7.1f %7.1f %7.1f %7.1f %7.1f %7.1f %7.1f %7.1f'
% (a, -sum(gen[ildon, PMIN]), -sum(Qlim[ildon]),
-sum(gen[ildon, PG]), -sum(gen[ildon, QG]),
sum(bus[inzld, PD]), sum(bus[inzld, QD]),
-sum(gen[ildon, PG]) + sum(bus[inzld, PD]),
-sum(gen[ildon, QG]) + sum(bus[inzld, QD])))
fd.write(
'\n---- ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------ ------'
)
fd.write(
'\nTot: %7.1f %7.1f %7.1f %7.1f %7.1f %7.1f %7.1f %7.1f' %
(-sum(gen[onld, PMIN]), -sum(Qlim[onld]), -sum(gen[onld, PG]),
-sum(gen[onld, QG]), sum(bus[nzld, PD]), sum(
bus[nzld, QD]), -sum(gen[onld, PG]) + sum(bus[nzld, PD]),
-sum(gen[onld, QG]) + sum(bus[nzld, QD])))
fd.write('\n')
fd.write(
'\nArea Shunt Inj Branch Series Losses Net Export'
)
fd.write(
'\n Num MW MVAr Charging MW MVAr MW MVAr'
)
fd.write(
'\n---- ------ ------ -------- ------ ------ ------ ------'
)
for i in range(len(s_areas)):
a = s_areas[i]
inzsh = find((bus[:, BUS_AREA] == a)
& logical_or(bus[:, GS], bus[:, BS]))
ibrch = find(
(bus[e2i[branch[:, F_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a)
& (bus[e2i[branch[:, T_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a)
& branch[:, BR_STATUS].astype(bool))
in_tie = find(
(bus[e2i[branch[:, F_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] != a)
& (bus[e2i[branch[:, T_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a)
& branch[:, BR_STATUS].astype(bool))
out_tie = find(
(bus[e2i[branch[:, F_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] == a)
& (bus[e2i[branch[:, T_BUS].astype(int)], BUS_AREA] != a)
& branch[:, BR_STATUS].astype(bool))
fd.write(
'\n%3d %7.1f %7.1f %7.1f %7.2f %7.2f %7.1f %7.1f' %
(a, -sum(bus[inzsh, VM]**2 * bus[inzsh, GS]),
sum(bus[inzsh, VM]**2 * bus[inzsh, BS]), sum(fchg[ibrch]) +
sum(tchg[ibrch]) + sum(fchg[out_tie]) + sum(tchg[in_tie]),
sum(real(loss[ibrch])) +
sum(real(loss[r_[in_tie, out_tie]])) / 2,
sum(imag(loss[ibrch])) +
sum(imag(loss[r_[in_tie, out_tie]])) / 2,
sum(branch[in_tie, PT]) + sum(branch[out_tie, PF]) -
sum(real(loss[r_[in_tie, out_tie]])) / 2,
sum(branch[in_tie, QT]) + sum(branch[out_tie, QF]) -
sum(imag(loss[r_[in_tie, out_tie]])) / 2))
fd.write(
'\n---- ------ ------ -------- ------ ------ ------ ------'
)
fd.write(
'\nTot: %7.1f %7.1f %7.1f %7.2f %7.2f - -' %
(-sum(bus[nzsh, VM]**2 * bus[nzsh, GS]),
sum(bus[nzsh, VM]**2 * bus[nzsh, BS]), sum(fchg) + sum(tchg),
sum(real(loss)), sum(imag(loss))))
fd.write('\n')
## generator data
if OUT_GEN:
if isOPF:
genlamP = bus[e2i[gen[:, GEN_BUS].astype(int)], LAM_P]
genlamQ = bus[e2i[gen[:, GEN_BUS].astype(int)], LAM_Q]
fd.write(
'\n================================================================================'
)
fd.write(
'\n| Generator Data |'
)
fd.write(
'\n================================================================================'
)
fd.write('\n Gen Bus Status Pg Qg ')
if isOPF: fd.write(' Lambda ($/MVA-hr)')
fd.write('\n # # (MW) (MVAr) ')
if isOPF: fd.write(' P Q ')
fd.write('\n---- ----- ------ -------- --------')
if isOPF: fd.write(' -------- --------')
for k in range(len(ong)):
i = ong[k]
fd.write('\n%3d %6d %2d ' %
(i, gen[i, GEN_BUS], gen[i, GEN_STATUS]))
if (gen[i, GEN_STATUS] > 0) & logical_or(gen[i, PG], gen[i, QG]):
fd.write('%10.2f%10.2f' % (gen[i, PG], gen[i, QG]))
else:
fd.write(' - - ')
if isOPF: fd.write('%10.2f%10.2f' % (genlamP[i], genlamQ[i]))
fd.write('\n -------- --------')
fd.write('\n Total: %9.2f%10.2f' %
(sum(gen[ong, PG]), sum(gen[ong, QG])))
fd.write('\n')
if any(onld + 1):
fd.write(
'\n================================================================================'
)
fd.write(
'\n| Dispatchable Load Data |'
)
fd.write(
'\n================================================================================'
)
fd.write('\n Gen Bus Status Pd Qd ')
if isOPF: fd.write(' Lambda ($/MVA-hr)')
fd.write('\n # # (MW) (MVAr) ')
if isOPF: fd.write(' P Q ')
fd.write('\n---- ----- ------ -------- --------')
if isOPF: fd.write(' -------- --------')
for k in range(len(onld)):
i = onld[k]
fd.write('\n%3d %6d %2d ' %
(i, gen[i, GEN_BUS], gen[i, GEN_STATUS]))
if (gen[i, GEN_STATUS] > 0) & logical_or(
gen[i, PG], gen[i, QG]):
fd.write('%10.2f%10.2f' % (-gen[i, PG], -gen[i, QG]))
else:
fd.write(' - - ')
if isOPF: fd.write('%10.2f%10.2f' % (genlamP[i], genlamQ[i]))
fd.write('\n -------- --------')
fd.write('\n Total: %9.2f%10.2f' %
(-sum(gen[onld, PG]), -sum(gen[onld, QG])))
fd.write('\n')
## bus data
if OUT_BUS:
fd.write(
'\n================================================================================'
)
fd.write(
'\n| Bus Data |'
)
fd.write(
'\n================================================================================'
)
fd.write(
'\n Bus Voltage Generation Load ')
if isOPF: fd.write(' Lambda($/MVA-hr)')
fd.write(
'\n # Mag(pu) Ang(deg) P (MW) Q (MVAr) P (MW) Q (MVAr)')
if isOPF: fd.write(' P Q ')
fd.write(
'\n----- ------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------')
if isOPF: fd.write(' ------- -------')
for i in range(nb):
fd.write('\n%5d%7.3f%9.3f' % tuple(bus[i, [BUS_I, VM, VA]]))
if bus[i, BUS_TYPE] == REF:
fd.write('*')
else:
fd.write(' ')
g = find((gen[:, GEN_STATUS] > 0)
& (gen[:, GEN_BUS] == bus[i, BUS_I]) & ~isload(gen))
ld = find((gen[:, GEN_STATUS] > 0)
& (gen[:, GEN_BUS] == bus[i, BUS_I]) & isload(gen))
if any(g + 1):
fd.write('%9.2f%10.2f' % (sum(gen[g, PG]), sum(gen[g, QG])))
else:
fd.write(' - - ')
if logical_or(bus[i, PD], bus[i, QD]) | any(ld + 1):
if any(ld + 1):
fd.write('%10.2f*%9.2f*' % (bus[i, PD] - sum(gen[ld, PG]),
bus[i, QD] - sum(gen[ld, QG])))
else:
fd.write('%10.2f%10.2f ' % tuple(bus[i, [PD, QD]]))
else:
fd.write(' - - ')
if isOPF:
fd.write('%9.3f' % bus[i, LAM_P])
if abs(bus[i, LAM_Q]) > ptol:
fd.write('%8.3f' % bus[i, LAM_Q])
else:
fd.write(' -')
fd.write(
'\n -------- -------- -------- --------')
fd.write('\n Total: %9.2f %9.2f %9.2f %9.2f' %
(sum(gen[ong, PG]), sum(gen[ong, QG]), sum(bus[nzld, PD]) -
sum(gen[onld, PG]), sum(bus[nzld, QD]) - sum(gen[onld, QG])))
fd.write('\n')
## branch data
if OUT_BRANCH:
fd.write(
'\n================================================================================'
)
fd.write(
'\n| Branch Data |'
)
fd.write(
'\n================================================================================'
)
fd.write(
'\nBrnch From To From Bus Injection To Bus Injection Loss (I^2 * Z) '
)
fd.write(
'\n # Bus Bus P (MW) Q (MVAr) P (MW) Q (MVAr) P (MW) Q (MVAr)'
)
fd.write(
'\n----- ----- ----- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- --------'
)
for i in range(nl):
fd.write('\n%4d%7d%7d%10.2f%10.2f%10.2f%10.2f%10.3f%10.2f' %
(i, branch[i, F_BUS], branch[i, T_BUS], branch[i, PF],
branch[i, QF], branch[i, PT], branch[i, QT],
loss[i].real, loss[i].imag))
fd.write(
'\n -------- --------'
)
fd.write(
'\n Total:%10.3f%10.2f'
% (sum(real(loss)), sum(imag(loss))))
fd.write('\n')
##----- constraint data -----
if isOPF:
ctol = ppopt['OPF_VIOLATION'] ## constraint violation tolerance
## voltage constraints
if (not isDC) & (
OUT_V_LIM == 2 |
(OUT_V_LIM == 1 &
(any(bus[:, VM] < bus[:, VMIN] + ctol)
| any(bus[:, VM] > bus[:, VMAX] - ctol)
| any(bus[:, MU_VMIN] > ptol) | any(bus[:, MU_VMAX] > ptol)))):
fd.write(
'\n================================================================================'
)
fd.write(
'\n| Voltage Constraints |'
)
fd.write(
'\n================================================================================'
)
fd.write('\nBus # Vmin mu Vmin |V| Vmax Vmax mu')
fd.write('\n----- -------- ----- ----- ----- --------')
for i in range(nb):
if (OUT_V_LIM == 2) | (OUT_V_LIM == 1 &
((bus[i, VM] < bus[i, VMIN] + ctol) |
(bus[i, VM] > bus[i, VMAX] - ctol) |
(bus[i, MU_VMIN] > ptol) |
(bus[i, MU_VMAX] > ptol))):
fd.write('\n%5d' % bus[i, BUS_I])
if ((bus[i, VM] < bus[i, VMIN] + ctol) |
(bus[i, MU_VMIN] > ptol)):
fd.write('%10.3f' % bus[i, MU_VMIN])
else:
fd.write(' - ')
fd.write('%8.3f%7.3f%7.3f' %
tuple(bus[i, [VMIN, VM, VMAX]]))
if (bus[i, VM] > bus[i, VMAX] - ctol) | (bus[i, MU_VMAX] >
ptol):
fd.write('%10.3f' % bus[i, MU_VMAX])
else:
fd.write(' - ')
fd.write('\n')
## generator P constraints
if (OUT_PG_LIM == 2) | \
((OUT_PG_LIM == 1) & (any(gen[ong, PG] < gen[ong, PMIN] + ctol) |
any(gen[ong, PG] > gen[ong, PMAX] - ctol) |
any(gen[ong, MU_PMIN] > ptol) |
any(gen[ong, MU_PMAX] > ptol))) | \
((not isDC) & ((OUT_QG_LIM == 2) |
((OUT_QG_LIM == 1) & (any(gen[ong, QG] < gen[ong, QMIN] + ctol) |
any(gen[ong, QG] > gen[ong, QMAX] - ctol) |
any(gen[ong, MU_QMIN] > ptol) |
any(gen[ong, MU_QMAX] > ptol))))):
fd.write(
'\n================================================================================'
)
fd.write(
'\n| Generation Constraints |'
)
fd.write(
'\n================================================================================'
)
if (OUT_PG_LIM == 2) | (
(OUT_PG_LIM == 1) &
(any(gen[ong, PG] < gen[ong, PMIN] + ctol)
| any(gen[ong, PG] > gen[ong, PMAX] - ctol)
| any(gen[ong, MU_PMIN] > ptol) | any(gen[ong, MU_PMAX] > ptol))):
fd.write('\n Gen Bus Active Power Limits')
fd.write(
'\n # # Pmin mu Pmin Pg Pmax Pmax mu'
)
fd.write(
'\n---- ----- ------- -------- -------- -------- -------'
)
for k in range(len(ong)):
i = ong[k]
if (OUT_PG_LIM == 2) | ((OUT_PG_LIM == 1) &
((gen[i, PG] < gen[i, PMIN] + ctol) |
(gen[i, PG] > gen[i, PMAX] - ctol) |
(gen[i, MU_PMIN] > ptol) |
(gen[i, MU_PMAX] > ptol))):
fd.write('\n%4d%6d ' % (i, gen[i, GEN_BUS]))
if (gen[i, PG] < gen[i, PMIN] + ctol) | (gen[i, MU_PMIN] >
ptol):
fd.write('%8.3f' % gen[i, MU_PMIN])
else:
fd.write(' - ')
if gen[i, PG]:
fd.write('%10.2f%10.2f%10.2f' %
tuple(gen[i, [PMIN, PG, PMAX]]))
else:
fd.write('%10.2f - %10.2f' %
tuple(gen[i, [PMIN, PMAX]]))
if (gen[i, PG] > gen[i, PMAX] - ctol) | (gen[i, MU_PMAX] >
ptol):
fd.write('%9.3f' % gen[i, MU_PMAX])
else:
fd.write(' - ')
fd.write('\n')
## generator Q constraints
if (not isDC) & ((OUT_QG_LIM == 2) | (
(OUT_QG_LIM == 1) &
(any(gen[ong, QG] < gen[ong, QMIN] + ctol)
| any(gen[ong, QG] > gen[ong, QMAX] - ctol) |
any(gen[ong, MU_QMIN] > ptol) | any(gen[ong, MU_QMAX] > ptol)))):
fd.write('\nGen Bus Reactive Power Limits')
fd.write(
'\n # # Qmin mu Qmin Qg Qmax Qmax mu')
fd.write(
'\n--- --- ------- -------- -------- -------- -------')
for k in range(len(ong)):
i = ong[k]
if (OUT_QG_LIM == 2) | ((OUT_QG_LIM == 1) &
((gen[i, QG] < gen[i, QMIN] + ctol) |
(gen[i, QG] > gen[i, QMAX] - ctol) |
(gen[i, MU_QMIN] > ptol) |
(gen[i, MU_QMAX] > ptol))):
fd.write('\n%3d%5d' % (i, gen[i, GEN_BUS]))
if (gen[i, QG] < gen[i, QMIN] + ctol) | (gen[i, MU_QMIN] >
ptol):
fd.write('%8.3f' % gen[i, MU_QMIN])
else:
fd.write(' - ')
if gen[i, QG]:
fd.write('%10.2f%10.2f%10.2f' %
tuple(gen[i, [QMIN, QG, QMAX]]))
else:
fd.write('%10.2f - %10.2f' %
tuple(gen[i, [QMIN, QMAX]]))
if (gen[i, QG] > gen[i, QMAX] - ctol) | (gen[i, MU_QMAX] >
ptol):
fd.write('%9.3f' % gen[i, MU_QMAX])
else:
fd.write(' - ')
fd.write('\n')
## dispatchable load P constraints
if (OUT_PG_LIM == 2) | (OUT_QG_LIM == 2) | \
((OUT_PG_LIM == 1) & (any(gen[onld, PG] < gen[onld, PMIN] + ctol) |
any(gen[onld, PG] > gen[onld, PMAX] - ctol) |
any(gen[onld, MU_PMIN] > ptol) |
any(gen[onld, MU_PMAX] > ptol))) | \
((OUT_QG_LIM == 1) & (any(gen[onld, QG] < gen[onld, QMIN] + ctol) |
any(gen[onld, QG] > gen[onld, QMAX] - ctol) |
any(gen[onld, MU_QMIN] > ptol) |
any(gen[onld, MU_QMAX] > ptol))):
fd.write(
'\n================================================================================'
)
fd.write(
'\n| Dispatchable Load Constraints |'
)
fd.write(
'\n================================================================================'
)
if (OUT_PG_LIM == 2) | (
(OUT_PG_LIM == 1) &
(any(gen[onld, PG] < gen[onld, PMIN] + ctol)
| any(gen[onld, PG] > gen[onld, PMAX] - ctol) |
any(gen[onld, MU_PMIN] > ptol) | any(gen[onld, MU_PMAX] > ptol))):
fd.write('\nGen Bus Active Power Limits')
fd.write(
'\n # # Pmin mu Pmin Pg Pmax Pmax mu')
fd.write(
'\n--- --- ------- -------- -------- -------- -------')
for k in range(len(onld)):
i = onld[k]
if (OUT_PG_LIM == 2) | ((OUT_PG_LIM == 1) &
((gen[i, PG] < gen[i, PMIN] + ctol) |
(gen[i, PG] > gen[i, PMAX] - ctol) |
(gen[i, MU_PMIN] > ptol) |
(gen[i, MU_PMAX] > ptol))):
fd.write('\n%3d%5d' % (i, gen[i, GEN_BUS]))
if (gen[i, PG] < gen[i, PMIN] + ctol) | (gen[i, MU_PMIN] >
ptol):
fd.write('%8.3f' % gen[i, MU_PMIN])
else:
fd.write(' - ')
if gen[i, PG]:
fd.write('%10.2f%10.2f%10.2f' %
gen[i, [PMIN, PG, PMAX]])
else:
fd.write('%10.2f - %10.2f' %
gen[i, [PMIN, PMAX]])
if (gen[i, PG] > gen[i, PMAX] - ctol) | (gen[i, MU_PMAX] >
ptol):
fd.write('%9.3f' % gen[i, MU_PMAX])
else:
fd.write(' - ')
fd.write('\n')
## dispatchable load Q constraints
if (not isDC) & ((OUT_QG_LIM == 2) |
((OUT_QG_LIM == 1) &
(any(gen[onld, QG] < gen[onld, QMIN] + ctol)
| any(gen[onld, QG] > gen[onld, QMAX] - ctol)
| any(gen[onld, MU_QMIN] > ptol)
| any(gen[onld, MU_QMAX] > ptol)))):
fd.write('\nGen Bus Reactive Power Limits')
fd.write(
'\n # # Qmin mu Qmin Qg Qmax Qmax mu')
fd.write(
'\n--- --- ------- -------- -------- -------- -------')
for k in range(len(onld)):
i = onld[k]
if (OUT_QG_LIM == 2) | ((OUT_QG_LIM == 1) &
((gen[i, QG] < gen[i, QMIN] + ctol) |
(gen[i, QG] > gen[i, QMAX] - ctol) |
(gen[i, MU_QMIN] > ptol) |
(gen[i, MU_QMAX] > ptol))):
fd.write('\n%3d%5d' % (i, gen(i, GEN_BUS)))
if (gen[i, QG] < gen[i, QMIN] + ctol) | (gen[i, MU_QMIN] >
ptol):
fd.write('%8.3f' % gen[i, MU_QMIN])
else:
fd.write(' - ')
if gen[i, QG]:
fd.write('%10.2f%10.2f%10.2f' %
gen[i, [QMIN, QG, QMAX]])
else:
fd.write('%10.2f - %10.2f' %
gen[i, [QMIN, QMAX]])
if (gen[i, QG] > gen[i, QMAX] - ctol) | (gen[i, MU_QMAX] >
ptol):
fd.write('%9.3f' % gen[i, MU_QMAX])
else:
fd.write(' - ')
fd.write('\n')
## line flow constraints
if (ppopt['OPF_FLOW_LIM'] == 1) | isDC: ## P limit
Ff = branch[:, PF]
Ft = branch[:, PT]
strg = '\n # Bus Pf mu Pf |Pmax| Pt Pt mu Bus'
elif ppopt['OPF_FLOW_LIM'] == 2: ## |I| limit
Ff = abs((branch[:, PF] + 1j * branch[:, QF]) /
V[e2i[branch[:, F_BUS].astype(int)]])
Ft = abs((branch[:, PT] + 1j * branch[:, QT]) /
V[e2i[branch[:, T_BUS].astype(int)]])
strg = '\n # Bus |If| mu |If| |Imax| |It| |It| mu Bus'
else: ## |S| limit
Ff = abs(branch[:, PF] + 1j * branch[:, QF])
Ft = abs(branch[:, PT] + 1j * branch[:, QT])
strg = '\n # Bus |Sf| mu |Sf| |Smax| |St| |St| mu Bus'
if (OUT_LINE_LIM == 2) | (
(OUT_LINE_LIM == 1) &
(any((branch[:, RATE_A] != 0) &
(abs(Ff) > branch[:, RATE_A] - ctol)) | any(
(branch[:, RATE_A] != 0) &
(abs(Ft) > branch[:, RATE_A] - ctol))
| any(branch[:, MU_SF] > ptol) | any(branch[:, MU_ST] > ptol))):
fd.write(
'\n================================================================================'
)
fd.write(
'\n| Branch Flow Constraints |'
)
fd.write(
'\n================================================================================'
)
fd.write(
'\nBrnch From "From" End Limit "To" End To'
)
fd.write(strg)
fd.write(
'\n----- ----- ------- -------- -------- -------- ------- -----'
)
for i in range(nl):
if (OUT_LINE_LIM == 2) | ((OUT_LINE_LIM == 1) & (
((branch[i, RATE_A] != 0) &
(abs(Ff[i]) > branch[i, RATE_A] - ctol)) |
((branch[i, RATE_A] != 0) &
(abs(Ft[i]) > branch[i, RATE_A] - ctol)) |
(branch[i, MU_SF] > ptol) | (branch[i, MU_ST] > ptol))):
fd.write('\n%4d%7d' % (i, branch[i, F_BUS]))
if (Ff[i] > branch[i, RATE_A] - ctol) | (branch[i, MU_SF] >
ptol):
fd.write('%10.3f' % branch[i, MU_SF])
else:
fd.write(' - ')
fd.write('%9.2f%10.2f%10.2f' %
(Ff[i], branch[i, RATE_A], Ft[i]))
if (Ft[i] > branch[i, RATE_A] - ctol) | (branch[i, MU_ST] >
ptol):
fd.write('%10.3f' % branch[i, MU_ST])
else:
fd.write(' - ')
fd.write('%6d' % branch[i, T_BUS])
fd.write('\n')
## execute userfcn callbacks for 'printpf' stage
if have_results_struct and 'userfcn' in results:
if not isOPF: ## turn off option for all constraints if it isn't an OPF
ppopt = ppoption(ppopt, 'OUT_ALL_LIM', 0)
run_userfcn(results["userfcn"], 'printpf', results, fd, ppopt)
def newtonpf(Ybus, Sbus, V0, ref, pv, pq, ppopt=None):
"""Solves the power flow using a full Newton's method.
Solves for bus voltages given the full system admittance matrix (for
all buses), the complex bus power injection vector (for all buses),
the initial vector of complex bus voltages, and column vectors with
the lists of bus indices for the swing bus, PV buses, and PQ buses,
respectively. The bus voltage vector contains the set point for
generator (including ref bus) buses, and the reference angle of the
swing bus, as well as an initial guess for remaining magnitudes and
angles. C{ppopt} is a PYPOWER options vector which can be used to
set the termination tolerance, maximum number of iterations, and
output options (see L{ppoption} for details). Uses default options if
this parameter is not given. Returns the final complex voltages, a
flag which indicates whether it converged or not, and the number of
iterations performed.
@see: L{runpf}
@author: Ray Zimmerman (PSERC Cornell)
@author: Richard Lincoln
"""
## default arguments
if ppopt is None:
ppopt = ppoption()
## options
tol = ppopt['PF_TOL']
max_it = ppopt['PF_MAX_IT']
verbose = ppopt['VERBOSE']
## initialize
converged = 0
i = 0
V = V0
Va = angle(V)
Vm = abs(V)
## set up indexing for updating V
pvpq = r_[pv, pq]
npv = len(pv)
npq = len(pq)
j1 = 0; j2 = npv ## j1:j2 - V angle of pv buses
j3 = j2; j4 = j2 + npq ## j3:j4 - V angle of pq buses
j5 = j4; j6 = j4 + npq ## j5:j6 - V mag of pq buses
## evaluate F(x0)
mis = V * conj(Ybus * V) - Sbus
F = r_[ mis[pv].real,
mis[pq].real,
mis[pq].imag ]
## check tolerance
normF = linalg.norm(F, Inf)
if verbose > 1:
sys.stdout.write('\n it max P & Q mismatch (p.u.)')
sys.stdout.write('\n---- ---------------------------')
sys.stdout.write('\n%3d %10.3e' % (i, normF))
if normF < tol:
converged = 1
if verbose > 1:
sys.stdout.write('\nConverged!\n')
## do Newton iterations
while (not converged and i < max_it):
## update iteration counter
i = i + 1
## evaluate Jacobian
dS_dVm, dS_dVa = dSbus_dV(Ybus, V)
J11 = dS_dVa[array([pvpq]).T, pvpq].real
J12 = dS_dVm[array([pvpq]).T, pq].real
J21 = dS_dVa[array([pq]).T, pvpq].imag
J22 = dS_dVm[array([pq]).T, pq].imag
J = vstack([
hstack([J11, J12]),
hstack([J21, J22])
], format="csr")
## compute update step
dx = -1 * spsolve(J, F)
## update voltage
if npv:
Va[pv] = Va[pv] + dx[j1:j2]
if npq:
Va[pq] = Va[pq] + dx[j3:j4]
Vm[pq] = Vm[pq] + dx[j5:j6]
V = Vm * exp(1j * Va)
Vm = abs(V) ## update Vm and Va again in case
Va = angle(V) ## we wrapped around with a negative Vm
## evalute F(x)
mis = V * conj(Ybus * V) - Sbus
F = r_[ mis[pv].real,
mis[pq].real,
mis[pq].imag ]
## check for convergence
normF = linalg.norm(F, Inf)
if verbose > 1:
sys.stdout.write('\n%3d %10.3e' % (i, normF))
if normF < tol:
converged = 1
if verbose:
sys.stdout.write("\nNewton's method power flow converged in "
"%d iterations.\n" % i)
if verbose:
if not converged:
sys.stdout.write("\nNewton's method power did not converge in %d "
"iterations.\n" % i)
return V, converged, i
