def vqe(theta, hamiltonian):
""" This is the function you need to test your parameterized quantum circuit.
Args:
theta (list): parameters
hamiltonian (QubitOperator): Hamiltonian of the system
Returns:
energy of the wavefunction for parameters theta
"""
# Initialize the energy
energy = 0
eng = MainEngine()
qubits = eng.allocate_qureg(2)
# Here you can add your circuit
X | qubits[0]
ansatz_op = QubitOperator('X0 Y1')
# Apply the unitary e^{-i * ansatz_op * t}
TimeEvolution(theta[0], ansatz_op) | qubits
# Rx(theta[0]) | qubits[0]
# Ry(theta[0]) | qubits[0]
# Rz(theta[0]) | qubits[0]
# Rx(theta[1]) | qubits[1]
# Ry(theta[1]) | qubits[1]
# Rz(theta[1]) | qubits[1]
eng.flush()
energy = eng.backend.get_expectation_value(hamiltonian, qubits)
All(Measure) | qubits
return energy
def test_simulator_time_evolution(sim):
N = 8 # number of qubits
time_to_evolve = 1.1 # time to evolve for
eng = MainEngine(sim, [])
qureg = eng.allocate_qureg(N)
# initialize in random wavefunction by applying some gates:
for qb in qureg:
Rx(random.random()) | qb
Ry(random.random()) | qb
eng.flush()
# Use cheat to get initial start wavefunction:
qubit_to_bit_map, init_wavefunction = copy.deepcopy(eng.backend.cheat())
Qop = QubitOperator
op = 0.3 * Qop("X0 Y1 Z2 Y3 X4")
op += 1.1 * Qop(())
op += -1.4 * Qop("Y0 Z1 X3 Y5")
op += -1.1 * Qop("Y1 X2 X3 Y4")
ctrl_qubit = eng.allocate_qubit()
H | ctrl_qubit
with Control(eng, ctrl_qubit):
TimeEvolution(time_to_evolve, op) | qureg
eng.flush()
qbit_to_bit_map, final_wavefunction = copy.deepcopy(eng.backend.cheat())
All(Measure) | qureg + ctrl_qubit
# Check manually:
def build_matrix(list_single_matrices):
res = list_single_matrices[0]
for i in range(1, len(list_single_matrices)):
res = scipy.sparse.kron(res, list_single_matrices[i])
return res
id_sp = scipy.sparse.identity(2, format="csr", dtype=complex)
x_sp = scipy.sparse.csr_matrix([[0., 1.], [1., 0.]], dtype=complex)
y_sp = scipy.sparse.csr_matrix([[0., -1.j], [1.j, 0.]], dtype=complex)
z_sp = scipy.sparse.csr_matrix([[1., 0.], [0., -1.]], dtype=complex)
gates = [x_sp, y_sp, z_sp]
res_matrix = 0
for t, c in op.terms.items():
matrix = [id_sp] * N
for idx, gate in t:
matrix[qbit_to_bit_map[qureg[idx].id]] = gates[ord(gate) -
ord('X')]
matrix.reverse()
res_matrix += build_matrix(matrix) * c
res_matrix *= -1j * time_to_evolve
init_wavefunction = numpy.array(init_wavefunction, copy=False)
final_wavefunction = numpy.array(final_wavefunction, copy=False)
res = scipy.sparse.linalg.expm_multiply(res_matrix, init_wavefunction)
half = int(len(final_wavefunction) / 2)
hadamard_f = 1. / math.sqrt(2.)
# check evolution and control
assert numpy.allclose(hadamard_f * res, final_wavefunction[half:])
assert numpy.allclose(final_wavefunction[:half],
hadamard_f * init_wavefunction)
def _decompose_cnot_rotation(cmd):
""" Decompose CNOT gates. """
qureg = Qureg(cmd.control_qubits + cmd.qubits[0])
H = QubitOperator("Z0 X1")
T = TimeEvolution(-cmath.pi / 4, H)
T | qureg
Rz(cmath.pi) | qureg[0]
Rx(cmath.pi) | qureg[1]
def _decompose_time_evolution_commuting_terms(cmd):
qureg = cmd.qubits
eng = cmd.engine
hamiltonian = cmd.gate.hamiltonian
time = cmd.gate.time
with Control(eng, cmd.control_qubits):
for term in hamiltonian.terms:
ind_operator = QubitOperator(term, hamiltonian.terms[term])
TimeEvolution(time, ind_operator) | qureg
def test_recognize_individual_terms():
saving_backend = DummyEngine(save_commands=True)
eng = MainEngine(backend=saving_backend, engine_list=[])
wavefunction = eng.allocate_qureg(5)
op1 = QubitOperator("X1 Y2", 0.5)
op2 = QubitOperator("Y2 X4", -0.5)
op3 = QubitOperator("X2", 1.0)
TimeEvolution(1., op1 + op2) | wavefunction
TimeEvolution(1., op2) | wavefunction
TimeEvolution(1., op3) | wavefunction
cmd1 = saving_backend.received_commands[5]
cmd2 = saving_backend.received_commands[6]
cmd3 = saving_backend.received_commands[7]
assert not te.rule_individual_terms.gate_recognizer(cmd1)
assert te.rule_individual_terms.gate_recognizer(cmd2)
assert te.rule_individual_terms.gate_recognizer(cmd3)
def _prep_state(self, params, eng):
''' \params must be of length 2*n_steps, where first half is betas and second half is gammas.
Prepares state by first applying
|psi> = self.init_state |0...0>
then doing
Prod U(beta, B)U(gamma, C) |psi>.
'''
betas = params[:self.n_steps]
gammas = params[self.n_steps:]
qureg = self.init_state(eng)
for i in range(self.n_steps):
TimeEvolution(gammas[i], self.cost ) | qureg
TimeEvolution(betas[i] , self.mixer) | qureg
return qureg
def test_projectq_filters(self):
"""Verify ProjectQ filters work as intended"""
eng = MainEngine()
op = QubitOperator("X0 X1 X2", -0.5)
wavefunction = eng.allocate_qureg(4)
command = TimeEvolution(time=1., hamiltonian=op) | wavefunction
self.assertFalse(_identify_non_commuting(command))
op = QubitOperator("X0 X1 X2", -0.5) + QubitOperator("Z1", 1.0)
command = TimeEvolution(time=1., hamiltonian=op) | wavefunction
self.assertTrue(_identify_non_commuting(command))
op = QubitOperator("X0 X1 X2", -0.5)
command = TimeEvolution(time=1., hamiltonian=op) | wavefunction
self.assertFalse(_two_gate_filter(None, command))
command = X | wavefunction
self.assertTrue(_two_gate_filter(None, command))
def E2(t0, i):
hamiltonian2quant = QubitOperator('', float(g[i][1])) + QubitOperator(
'Z0', float(g[i][2])) + QubitOperator('Z1', float(
g[i][3])) + QubitOperator('Z0 Z1', float(g[i][4])) + QubitOperator(
'X0 X1', float(g[i][5])) + QubitOperator(
'Y0 Y1', float(g[i][6]))
wavefunction = eng.allocate_qureg(2)
X | wavefunction[0]
TimeEvolution(time=t0, hamiltonian=hamiltonian2quant) | wavefunction
eng.flush()
energy = eng.backend.get_expectation_value(hamiltonian2quant, wavefunction)
Measure | wavefunction
eng.flush()
return energy
def test_decompose_commuting_terms():
saving_backend = DummyEngine(save_commands=True)
def my_filter(self, cmd):
if len(cmd.qubits[0]) <= 2 or isinstance(cmd.gate,
ClassicalInstructionGate):
return True
return False
rules = DecompositionRuleSet([te.rule_commuting_terms])
replacer = AutoReplacer(rules)
filter_eng = InstructionFilter(my_filter)
eng = MainEngine(backend=saving_backend,
engine_list=[replacer, filter_eng])
qureg = eng.allocate_qureg(5)
with Control(eng, qureg[3]):
op1 = QubitOperator("X1 Y2", 0.7)
op2 = QubitOperator("Y2 X4", -0.8)
op3 = QubitOperator((), 0.6)
TimeEvolution(1.5, op1 + op2 + op3) | qureg
cmd1 = saving_backend.received_commands[5]
cmd2 = saving_backend.received_commands[6]
cmd3 = saving_backend.received_commands[7]
found = [False, False, False]
scaled_op1 = QubitOperator("X0 Y1", 0.7)
scaled_op2 = QubitOperator("Y0 X1", -0.8)
for cmd in [cmd1, cmd2, cmd3]:
if (cmd.gate == Ph(-1.5 * 0.6) and cmd.qubits[0][0].id == qureg[1].id
and cmd.control_qubits[0].id
== qureg[3].id # 1st qubit of [1,2,4]
):
found[0] = True
elif (isinstance(cmd.gate, TimeEvolution)
and cmd.gate.hamiltonian.isclose(scaled_op1)
and cmd.gate.time == pytest.approx(1.5)
and cmd.qubits[0][0].id == qureg[1].id
and cmd.qubits[0][1].id == qureg[2].id
and cmd.control_qubits[0].id == qureg[3].id):
found[1] = True
elif (isinstance(cmd.gate, TimeEvolution)
and cmd.gate.hamiltonian.isclose(scaled_op2)
and cmd.gate.time == pytest.approx(1.5)
and cmd.qubits[0][0].id == qureg[2].id
and cmd.qubits[0][1].id == qureg[4].id
and cmd.control_qubits[0].id == qureg[3].id):
found[2] = True
assert all(found)
def test_recognize_commuting_terms():
saving_backend = DummyEngine(save_commands=True)
eng = MainEngine(backend=saving_backend, engine_list=[])
wavefunction = eng.allocate_qureg(5)
op1 = QubitOperator("X1 Y2", 0.5)
op2 = QubitOperator("Y2 X4", -0.5)
op3 = QubitOperator((), 0.5)
op4 = QubitOperator("X1 Y2", 0.5) + QubitOperator("X2", 1e-10)
op5 = QubitOperator("X1 Y2", 0.5) + QubitOperator("X2", 1e-8)
op6 = QubitOperator("X2", 1.0)
TimeEvolution(1., op1 + op2 + op3 + op4) | wavefunction
TimeEvolution(1., op1 + op5) | wavefunction
TimeEvolution(1., op1 + op6) | wavefunction
TimeEvolution(1., op1) | wavefunction
cmd1 = saving_backend.received_commands[5]
cmd2 = saving_backend.received_commands[6]
cmd3 = saving_backend.received_commands[7]
cmd4 = saving_backend.received_commands[8]
assert te.rule_commuting_terms.gate_recognizer(cmd1)
assert not te.rule_commuting_terms.gate_recognizer(cmd2)
assert not te.rule_commuting_terms.gate_recognizer(cmd3)
assert not te.rule_commuting_terms.gate_recognizer(cmd4)
def test_decompose_individual_terms_invalid():
eng = MainEngine(backend=DummyEngine(), engine_list=[])
qb0 = WeakQubitRef(eng, idx=0)
qb1 = WeakQubitRef(eng, idx=1)
op1 = QubitOperator("X0 Y1", 0.5)
op2 = op1 + QubitOperator("Y2 X4", -0.5)
op3 = QubitOperator((), 0.5)
op4 = QubitOperator("X0 Y0", 0.5)
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
te._decompose_time_evolution_individual_terms(
Command(eng, TimeEvolution(1, op1), ([qb0], [qb1])))
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
te._decompose_time_evolution_individual_terms(
Command(eng, TimeEvolution(1, op2), ([qb0], )))
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
te._decompose_time_evolution_individual_terms(
Command(eng, TimeEvolution(1, op3), ([qb0], )))
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
te._decompose_time_evolution_individual_terms(
Command(eng, TimeEvolution(1, op4), ([qb0, qb1], )))
def test_restriction():
engine_list = restrictedgateset.get_engine_list(
one_qubit_gates=(Rz, H),
two_qubit_gates=(CNOT, AddConstant, Swap),
other_gates=(Toffoli, AddConstantModN, MultiplyByConstantModN(2, 8)),
)
backend = DummyEngine(save_commands=True)
eng = projectq.MainEngine(backend, engine_list, verbose=True)
qubit1 = eng.allocate_qubit()
qubit2 = eng.allocate_qubit()
qubit3 = eng.allocate_qubit()
eng.flush()
CNOT | (qubit1, qubit2)
H | qubit1
with Control(eng, qubit2):
Rz(0.2) | qubit1
Measure | qubit1
AddConstant(1) | (qubit1 + qubit2)
AddConstantModN(1, 9) | (qubit1 + qubit2 + qubit3)
Toffoli | (qubit1 + qubit2, qubit3)
Swap | (qubit1, qubit2)
MultiplyByConstantModN(2, 8) | qubit1 + qubit2 + qubit3
TimeEvolution(0.5, QubitOperator("X0 Y1 Z2")) | qubit1 + qubit2 + qubit3
QFT | qubit1 + qubit2 + qubit3
Rx(0.1) | (qubit1)
MultiplyByConstantModN(2, 9) | qubit1 + qubit2 + qubit3
eng.flush()
assert backend.received_commands[4].gate == X
assert len(backend.received_commands[4].control_qubits) == 1
assert backend.received_commands[5].gate == H
assert backend.received_commands[6].gate == Rz(0.1)
assert backend.received_commands[10].gate == Measure
assert backend.received_commands[11].gate == AddConstant(1)
assert backend.received_commands[12].gate == AddConstantModN(1, 9)
assert backend.received_commands[13].gate == X
assert len(backend.received_commands[13].control_qubits) == 2
assert backend.received_commands[14].gate == Swap
assert backend.received_commands[15].gate == MultiplyByConstantModN(2, 8)
for cmd in backend.received_commands[16:]:
assert cmd.gate != QFT
assert not isinstance(cmd.gate, Rx)
assert not isinstance(cmd.gate, MultiplyByConstantModN)
assert not isinstance(cmd.gate, TimeEvolution)
def E(thetas, i):
#the conjugate gradient minimizer uses np arrays and not scalars
if (not isinstance(thetas, float)):
theta = thetas[0]
else:
theta = thetas
hamiltonian2quant = QubitOperator('', float(g[i][1])) + QubitOperator(
'Z0', float(g[i][2])) + QubitOperator('Z1', float(
g[i][3])) + QubitOperator('Z0 Z1', float(g[i][4])) + QubitOperator(
'X0 X1', float(g[i][5])) + QubitOperator(
'Y0 Y1', float(g[i][6]))
wavefunction = eng.allocate_qureg(2)
X | wavefunction[0]
op1 = QubitOperator('X0 Y1')
TimeEvolution(time=theta, hamiltonian=op1) | wavefunction
eng.flush()
energy = eng.backend.get_expectation_value(hamiltonian2quant, wavefunction)
Measure | wavefunction
eng.flush()
return energy
def E(theta, i):
#build second quantized hamiltonian (devided for clearer arrangement)
hamiltonian2quant = QubitOperator('', float(g[i][1])) + QubitOperator(
'Z0', float(g[i][2]))
hamiltonian2quant += QubitOperator('Z1', float(g[i][3])) + QubitOperator(
'Z0 Z1', float(g[i][4]))
hamiltonian2quant += QubitOperator('X0 X1', float(
g[i][5])) + QubitOperator('Y0 Y1', float(g[i][6]))
#allocate two qubits in |00> state
wavefunction = eng.allocate_qureg(2)
#set to "HF basis" |01>
X | wavefunction[0]
#build operator op1
op1 = QubitOperator('X0 Y1')
#create time evolution operator e^{-i*op1*t}
TimeEvolution(time=theta, hamiltonian=op1) | wavefunction
eng.flush()
#calculate energy=expectation value
energy = eng.backend.get_expectation_value(hamiltonian2quant, wavefunction)
Measure | wavefunction
return energy
def zoo_profile():
"""Generate and display the zoo of quantum gates."""
# create a main compiler engine with a drawing backend
drawing_engine = CircuitDrawer()
locations = {0: 1, 1: 2, 2: 0, 3: 3}
drawing_engine.set_qubit_locations(locations)
main_eng = MainEngine(drawing_engine)
qureg = main_eng.allocate_qureg(4)
# define a zoo of gates
te_gate = TimeEvolution(0.5, 0.1 * QubitOperator('X0 Y2'))
def add(x, y):
return x, y + 1
zoo = [
(X, 3),
(Y, 2),
(Z, 0),
(Rx(0.5), 2),
(Ry(0.5), 1),
(Rz(0.5), 1),
(Ph(0.5), 0),
(S, 3),
(T, 2),
(H, 1),
(Toffoli, (0, 1, 2)),
(Barrier, None),
(Swap, (0, 3)),
(SqrtSwap, (0, 1)),
(get_inverse(SqrtSwap), (2, 3)),
(SqrtX, 2),
(C(get_inverse(SqrtX)), (0, 2)),
(C(Ry(0.5)), (2, 3)),
(CNOT, (2, 1)),
(Entangle, None),
(te_gate, None),
(QFT, None),
(Tensor(H), None),
(BasicMathGate(add), (2, 3)),
(All(Measure), None),
]
# apply them
for gate, pos in zoo:
if pos is None:
gate | qureg
elif isinstance(pos, tuple):
gate | tuple(qureg[i] for i in pos)
else:
gate | qureg[pos]
main_eng.flush()
# generate latex code to draw the circuit
s = drawing_engine.get_latex()
prefix = 'zoo'
with open('{}.tex'.format(prefix), 'w') as f:
f.write(s)
# compile latex source code and open pdf file
os.system('pdflatex {}.tex'.format(prefix))
openfile('{}.pdf'.format(prefix))
from projectq.ops import All, QubitOperator, H, Measure, X, Z, TimeEvolution
from projectq import MainEngine
import numpy as np
eng = MainEngine()
state = eng.allocate_qureg(2)
All(H) | state
# TimeEvolution(np.pi/2,QubitOperator("X0")+QubitOperator("Z1"))|state
# it can be prove that the two approach above is equal
TimeEvolution(np.pi / 2, QubitOperator("X0")) | state
TimeEvolution(np.pi / 2, QubitOperator("Z1")) | state
eng.flush()
print(eng.backend.cheat())
All(Measure) | state
# print([int(x) for x in state])
print("initialize engine..")
# define energy hamiltonian
H_t = H_Ising(N, J, alpha, beta)
H_0 = H_ansatz(N, B)
# start annealing
print("start annealing..")
state = engine.allocate_qureg(N)
All(H) | state # |+]
j = 0
for i in range(N):
TimeEvolution(-B * dt / 2, QubitOperator("X" + str(i))) | state
# j= 1:M-1
for j in range(1, M):
for i in range(N):
TimeEvolution(-beta *
(j * dt**2 / T), QubitOperator("Z" + str(i))) | state
TimeEvolution(
-(alpha * (j * dt**2 / T) + B * dt *
(1 - j * dt / T)), QubitOperator("X" + str(i))) | state
for i in range(N - 1):
TimeEvolution(-J * (j * dt**2 / T),
QubitOperator("Z{0} Z{1}".format(i, i + 1))) | state
TimeEvolution(-J * (j * dt**2 / T),
QubitOperator("X{0} X{1}".format(i, i + 1))) | state
# j=M
def test_decompose_individual_terms():
saving_eng = DummyEngine(save_commands=True)
def my_filter(self, cmd):
if (isinstance(cmd.gate, TimeEvolution)):
return False
return True
rules = DecompositionRuleSet([te.rule_individual_terms])
replacer = AutoReplacer(rules)
filter_eng = InstructionFilter(my_filter)
eng = MainEngine(backend=Simulator(),
engine_list=[replacer, filter_eng, saving_eng])
qureg = eng.allocate_qureg(5)
# initialize in random wavefunction by applying some gates:
Rx(0.1) | qureg[0]
Ry(0.2) | qureg[1]
Rx(0.45) | qureg[2]
Rx(0.6) | qureg[3]
Ry(0.77) | qureg[4]
eng.flush()
# Use cheat to get initial start wavefunction:
qubit_to_bit_map, init_wavefunction = copy.deepcopy(eng.backend.cheat())
# Apply one qubit gates:
op1 = QubitOperator((), 0.6)
op2 = QubitOperator("X2", 0.21)
op3 = QubitOperator("Y1", 0.33)
op4 = QubitOperator("Z3", 0.42)
op5 = QubitOperator("X0 Y1 Z2 Z4", -0.5)
TimeEvolution(1.1, op1) | qureg
eng.flush()
qbit_to_bit_map1, final_wavefunction1 = copy.deepcopy(eng.backend.cheat())
TimeEvolution(1.2, op2) | qureg
eng.flush()
qbit_to_bit_map2, final_wavefunction2 = copy.deepcopy(eng.backend.cheat())
TimeEvolution(1.3, op3) | qureg
eng.flush()
qbit_to_bit_map3, final_wavefunction3 = copy.deepcopy(eng.backend.cheat())
TimeEvolution(1.4, op4) | qureg
eng.flush()
qbit_to_bit_map4, final_wavefunction4 = copy.deepcopy(eng.backend.cheat())
TimeEvolution(1.5, op5) | qureg
eng.flush()
qbit_to_bit_map5, final_wavefunction5 = copy.deepcopy(eng.backend.cheat())
All(Measure) | qureg
# Check manually:
def build_matrix(list_single_matrices):
res = list_single_matrices[0]
for i in range(1, len(list_single_matrices)):
res = sps.kron(res, list_single_matrices[i])
return res.tocsc()
id_sp = sps.identity(2, format="csc", dtype=complex)
x_sp = sps.csc_matrix([[0., 1.], [1., 0.]], dtype=complex)
y_sp = sps.csc_matrix([[0., -1.j], [1.j, 0.]], dtype=complex)
z_sp = sps.csc_matrix([[1., 0.], [0., -1.]], dtype=complex)
matrix1 = (sps.identity(2**5, format="csc", dtype=complex) * 0.6 * 1.1 *
-1.0j)
step1 = scipy.sparse.linalg.expm(matrix1).dot(init_wavefunction)
assert numpy.allclose(step1, final_wavefunction1)
matrix2_list = []
for i in range(5):
if i == qbit_to_bit_map2[qureg[2].id]:
matrix2_list.append(x_sp)
else:
matrix2_list.append(id_sp)
matrix2_list.reverse()
matrix2 = build_matrix(matrix2_list) * 0.21 * 1.2 * -1.0j
step2 = scipy.sparse.linalg.expm(matrix2).dot(step1)
assert numpy.allclose(step2, final_wavefunction2)
matrix3_list = []
for i in range(5):
if i == qbit_to_bit_map3[qureg[1].id]:
matrix3_list.append(y_sp)
else:
matrix3_list.append(id_sp)
matrix3_list.reverse()
matrix3 = build_matrix(matrix3_list) * 0.33 * 1.3 * -1.0j
step3 = scipy.sparse.linalg.expm(matrix3).dot(final_wavefunction2)
assert numpy.allclose(step3, final_wavefunction3)
matrix4_list = []
for i in range(5):
if i == qbit_to_bit_map4[qureg[3].id]:
matrix4_list.append(z_sp)
else:
matrix4_list.append(id_sp)
matrix4_list.reverse()
matrix4 = build_matrix(matrix4_list) * 0.42 * 1.4 * -1.0j
step4 = scipy.sparse.linalg.expm(matrix4).dot(final_wavefunction3)
assert numpy.allclose(step4, final_wavefunction4)
matrix5_list = []
for i in range(5):
if i == qbit_to_bit_map5[qureg[0].id]:
matrix5_list.append(x_sp)
elif i == qbit_to_bit_map5[qureg[1].id]:
matrix5_list.append(y_sp)
elif i == qbit_to_bit_map5[qureg[2].id]:
matrix5_list.append(z_sp)
elif i == qbit_to_bit_map5[qureg[4].id]:
matrix5_list.append(z_sp)
else:
matrix5_list.append(id_sp)
matrix5_list.reverse()
matrix5 = build_matrix(matrix5_list) * -0.5 * 1.5 * -1.0j
step5 = scipy.sparse.linalg.expm(matrix5).dot(final_wavefunction4)
print(step5)
print(final_wavefunction5)
assert numpy.allclose(step5, final_wavefunction5)
def apply_time_evolution(hamiltonian: QubitOperator, time, wavefunction):
projectq_qubit_operator = projectq.ops.QubitOperator()
for term, coefficient in hamiltonian.terms.items():
projectq_qubit_operator.terms[term] = coefficient
# print(time)
TimeEvolution(time, projectq_qubit_operator) | wavefunction