def set_time(self, time):
'''
Converts time data into a pandas date object.
Parameters
----------
time: netcdf
Contains time information.
Returns
-------
pandas.DatetimeIndex
'''
times = num2date(time[:].squeeze(), time.units)
self.time = pd.DatetimeIndex(pd.Series(times), tz='UTC')
self.time = self.time.tz_convert(self.location.tz)
self.utctime = localize_to_utc(self.time, self.location.tz)
def set_time(self, time):
'''
Converts time data into a pandas date object.
Parameters
----------
time: netcdf
Contains time information.
Returns
-------
pandas.DatetimeIndex
'''
times = num2date(time[:].squeeze(), time.units)
self.time = pd.DatetimeIndex(pd.Series(times), tz='UTC')
self.time = self.time.tz_convert(self.location.tz)
self.utctime = localize_to_utc(self.time, self.location.tz)
def spa_c(time, location, pressure=101325, temperature=12, delta_t=67.0,
raw_spa_output=False):
"""
Calculate the solar position using the C implementation of the NREL
SPA code
The source files for this code are located in './spa_c_files/', along with
a README file which describes how the C code is wrapped in Python.
Due to license restrictions, the C code must be downloaded seperately
and used in accordance with it's license.
Parameters
----------
time : pandas.DatetimeIndex
location : pvlib.Location object
pressure : float
Pressure in Pascals
temperature : float
Temperature in C
delta_t : float
Difference between terrestrial time and UT1.
USNO has previous values and predictions.
raw_spa_output : bool
If true, returns the raw SPA output.
Returns
-------
DataFrame
The DataFrame will have the following columns:
elevation,
azimuth,
zenith,
apparent_elevation,
apparent_zenith.
References
----------
NREL SPA code: http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/codesandalgorithms/spa/
USNO delta T: http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/earth-orientation/eo-products/long-term
See also
--------
pyephem, spa_python, ephemeris
"""
# Added by Rob Andrews (@Calama-Consulting), Calama Consulting, 2014
# Edited by Will Holmgren (@wholmgren), University of Arizona, 2014
# Edited by Tony Lorenzo (@alorenzo175), University of Arizona, 2015
try:
from pvlib.spa_c_files.spa_py import spa_calc
except ImportError:
raise ImportError('Could not import built-in SPA calculator. ' +
'You may need to recompile the SPA code.')
pvl_logger.debug('using built-in spa code to calculate solar position')
time_utc = localize_to_utc(time, location)
spa_out = []
for date in time_utc:
spa_out.append(spa_calc(year=date.year,
month=date.month,
day=date.day,
hour=date.hour,
minute=date.minute,
second=date.second,
timezone=0, # tz corrections handled above
latitude=location.latitude,
longitude=location.longitude,
elevation=location.altitude,
pressure=pressure / 100,
temperature=temperature,
delta_t=delta_t
))
spa_df = pd.DataFrame(spa_out, index=time_utc).tz_convert(location.tz)
if raw_spa_output:
return spa_df
else:
dfout = pd.DataFrame({'azimuth': spa_df['azimuth'],
'apparent_zenith': spa_df['zenith'],
'apparent_elevation': spa_df['e'],
'elevation': spa_df['e0'],
'zenith': 90 - spa_df['e0']})
return dfout
def ephemeris(time, location, pressure=101325, temperature=12):
"""
Python-native solar position calculator.
The accuracy of this code is not guaranteed.
Consider using the built-in spa_c code or the PyEphem library.
Parameters
----------
time : pandas.DatetimeIndex
location : pvlib.Location
pressure : float or Series
Ambient pressure (Pascals)
temperature : float or Series
Ambient temperature (C)
Returns
-------
DataFrame with the following columns:
* apparent_elevation : apparent sun elevation accounting for
atmospheric refraction.
* elevation : actual elevation (not accounting for refraction)
of the sun in decimal degrees, 0 = on horizon.
The complement of the zenith angle.
* azimuth : Azimuth of the sun in decimal degrees East of North.
This is the complement of the apparent zenith angle.
* apparent_zenith : apparent sun zenith accounting for atmospheric
refraction.
* zenith : Solar zenith angle
* solar_time : Solar time in decimal hours (solar noon is 12.00).
References
-----------
Grover Hughes' class and related class materials on Engineering
Astronomy at Sandia National Laboratories, 1985.
See also
--------
pyephem, spa_c, spa_python
"""
# Added by Rob Andrews (@Calama-Consulting), Calama Consulting, 2014
# Edited by Will Holmgren (@wholmgren), University of Arizona, 2014
# Most comments in this function are from PVLIB_MATLAB or from
# pvlib-python's attempt to understand and fix problems with the
# algorithm. The comments are *not* based on the reference material.
# This helps a little bit:
# http://www.cv.nrao.edu/~rfisher/Ephemerides/times.html
pvl_logger.debug('location=%s, temperature=%s, pressure=%s',
location, temperature, pressure)
# the inversion of longitude is due to the fact that this code was
# originally written for the convention that positive longitude were for
# locations west of the prime meridian. However, the correct convention (as
# of 2009) is to use negative longitudes for locations west of the prime
# meridian. Therefore, the user should input longitude values under the
# correct convention (e.g. Albuquerque is at -106 longitude), but it needs
# to be inverted for use in the code.
Latitude = location.latitude
Longitude = -1 * location.longitude
Abber = 20 / 3600.
LatR = np.radians(Latitude)
# the SPA algorithm needs time to be expressed in terms of
# decimal UTC hours of the day of the year.
# first convert to utc
time_utc = localize_to_utc(time, location)
# strip out the day of the year and calculate the decimal hour
DayOfYear = time_utc.dayofyear
DecHours = (time_utc.hour + time_utc.minute/60. + time_utc.second/3600. +
time_utc.microsecond/3600.e6)
UnivDate = DayOfYear
UnivHr = DecHours
Yr = time_utc.year - 1900
YrBegin = 365 * Yr + np.floor((Yr - 1) / 4.) - 0.5
Ezero = YrBegin + UnivDate
T = Ezero / 36525.
# Calculate Greenwich Mean Sidereal Time (GMST)
GMST0 = 6 / 24. + 38 / 1440. + (
45.836 + 8640184.542 * T + 0.0929 * T ** 2) / 86400.
GMST0 = 360 * (GMST0 - np.floor(GMST0))
GMSTi = np.mod(GMST0 + 360 * (1.0027379093 * UnivHr / 24.), 360)
# Local apparent sidereal time
LocAST = np.mod((360 + GMSTi - Longitude), 360)
EpochDate = Ezero + UnivHr / 24.
T1 = EpochDate / 36525.
ObliquityR = np.radians(
23.452294 - 0.0130125 * T1 - 1.64e-06 * T1 ** 2 + 5.03e-07 * T1 ** 3)
MlPerigee = 281.22083 + 4.70684e-05 * EpochDate + 0.000453 * T1 ** 2 + (
3e-06 * T1 ** 3)
MeanAnom = np.mod((358.47583 + 0.985600267 * EpochDate - 0.00015 *
T1 ** 2 - 3e-06 * T1 ** 3), 360)
Eccen = 0.01675104 - 4.18e-05 * T1 - 1.26e-07 * T1 ** 2
EccenAnom = MeanAnom
E = 0
while np.max(abs(EccenAnom - E)) > 0.0001:
E = EccenAnom
EccenAnom = MeanAnom + np.degrees(Eccen)*np.sin(np.radians(E))
TrueAnom = (
2 * np.mod(np.degrees(np.arctan2(((1 + Eccen) / (1 - Eccen)) ** 0.5 *
np.tan(np.radians(EccenAnom) / 2.), 1)), 360))
EcLon = np.mod(MlPerigee + TrueAnom, 360) - Abber
EcLonR = np.radians(EcLon)
DecR = np.arcsin(np.sin(ObliquityR)*np.sin(EcLonR))
RtAscen = np.degrees(np.arctan2(np.cos(ObliquityR)*np.sin(EcLonR),
np.cos(EcLonR)))
HrAngle = LocAST - RtAscen
HrAngleR = np.radians(HrAngle)
HrAngle = HrAngle - (360 * ((abs(HrAngle) > 180)))
SunAz = np.degrees(np.arctan2(-np.sin(HrAngleR),
np.cos(LatR)*np.tan(DecR) -
np.sin(LatR)*np.cos(HrAngleR)))
SunAz[SunAz < 0] += 360
SunEl = np.degrees(np.arcsin(
np.cos(LatR) * np.cos(DecR) * np.cos(HrAngleR) +
np.sin(LatR) * np.sin(DecR)))
SolarTime = (180 + HrAngle) / 15.
# Calculate refraction correction
Elevation = SunEl
TanEl = pd.Series(np.tan(np.radians(Elevation)), index=time_utc)
Refract = pd.Series(0, index=time_utc)
Refract[(Elevation > 5) & (Elevation <= 85)] = (
58.1/TanEl - 0.07/(TanEl**3) + 8.6e-05/(TanEl**5))
Refract[(Elevation > -0.575) & (Elevation <= 5)] = (
Elevation *
(-518.2 + Elevation*(103.4 + Elevation*(-12.79 + Elevation*0.711))) +
1735)
Refract[(Elevation > -1) & (Elevation <= -0.575)] = -20.774 / TanEl
Refract *= (283/(273. + temperature)) * (pressure/101325.) / 3600.
ApparentSunEl = SunEl + Refract
# make output DataFrame
DFOut = pd.DataFrame(index=time_utc).tz_convert(location.tz)
DFOut['apparent_elevation'] = ApparentSunEl
DFOut['elevation'] = SunEl
DFOut['azimuth'] = SunAz
DFOut['apparent_zenith'] = 90 - ApparentSunEl
DFOut['zenith'] = 90 - SunEl
DFOut['solar_time'] = SolarTime
return DFOut
def pyephem(time, location, pressure=101325, temperature=12):
"""
Calculate the solar position using the PyEphem package.
Parameters
----------
time : pandas.DatetimeIndex
location : pvlib.Location object
pressure : int or float, optional
air pressure in Pascals.
temperature : int or float, optional
air temperature in degrees C.
Returns
-------
DataFrame
The DataFrame will have the following columns:
apparent_elevation, elevation,
apparent_azimuth, azimuth,
apparent_zenith, zenith.
See also
--------
spa_python, spa_c, ephemeris
"""
# Written by Will Holmgren (@wholmgren), University of Arizona, 2014
try:
import ephem
except ImportError:
raise ImportError('PyEphem must be installed')
pvl_logger.debug('using PyEphem to calculate solar position')
time_utc = localize_to_utc(time, location)
sun_coords = pd.DataFrame(index=time_utc)
obs, sun = _ephem_setup(location, pressure, temperature)
# make and fill lists of the sun's altitude and azimuth
# this is the pressure and temperature corrected apparent alt/az.
alts = []
azis = []
for thetime in sun_coords.index:
obs.date = ephem.Date(thetime)
sun.compute(obs)
alts.append(sun.alt)
azis.append(sun.az)
sun_coords['apparent_elevation'] = alts
sun_coords['apparent_azimuth'] = azis
# redo it for p=0 to get no atmosphere alt/az
obs.pressure = 0
alts = []
azis = []
for thetime in sun_coords.index:
obs.date = ephem.Date(thetime)
sun.compute(obs)
alts.append(sun.alt)
azis.append(sun.az)
sun_coords['elevation'] = alts
sun_coords['azimuth'] = azis
# convert to degrees. add zenith
sun_coords = np.rad2deg(sun_coords)
sun_coords['apparent_zenith'] = 90 - sun_coords['apparent_elevation']
sun_coords['zenith'] = 90 - sun_coords['elevation']
try:
return sun_coords.tz_convert(location.tz)
except TypeError:
return sun_coords.tz_localize(location.tz)
def spa_python(time, location, pressure=101325, temperature=12, delta_t=None,
atmos_refract=None, how='numpy', numthreads=4):
"""
Calculate the solar position using a python implementation of the
NREL SPA algorithm described in [1].
If numba is installed, the functions can be compiled to
machine code and the function can be multithreaded.
Without numba, the function evaluates via numpy with
a slight performance hit.
Parameters
----------
time : pandas.DatetimeIndex
location : pvlib.Location object
pressure : int or float, optional
avg. yearly air pressure in Pascals.
temperature : int or float, optional
avg. yearly air temperature in degrees C.
delta_t : float, optional
Difference between terrestrial time and UT1.
The USNO has historical and forecasted delta_t [3].
atmos_refrac : float, optional
The approximate atmospheric refraction (in degrees)
at sunrise and sunset.
how : str, optional
Options are 'numpy' or 'numba'. If numba >= 0.17.0
is installed, how='numba' will compile the spa functions
to machine code and run them multithreaded.
numthreads : int, optional
Number of threads to use if how == 'numba'.
Returns
-------
DataFrame
The DataFrame will have the following columns:
apparent_zenith (degrees),
zenith (degrees),
apparent_elevation (degrees),
elevation (degrees),
azimuth (degrees),
equation_of_time (minutes).
References
----------
[1] I. Reda and A. Andreas, Solar position algorithm for solar
radiation applications. Solar Energy, vol. 76, no. 5, pp. 577-589, 2004.
[2] I. Reda and A. Andreas, Corrigendum to Solar position algorithm for
solar radiation applications. Solar Energy, vol. 81, no. 6, p. 838, 2007.
[3] USNO delta T: http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/earth-orientation/eo-products/long-term
See also
--------
pyephem, spa_c, ephemeris
"""
# Added by Tony Lorenzo (@alorenzo175), University of Arizona, 2015
pvl_logger.debug('Calculating solar position with spa_python code')
lat = location.latitude
lon = location.longitude
elev = location.altitude
pressure = pressure / 100 # pressure must be in millibars for calculation
delta_t = delta_t or 67.0
atmos_refract = atmos_refract or 0.5667
if not isinstance(time, pd.DatetimeIndex):
try:
time = pd.DatetimeIndex(time)
except (TypeError, ValueError):
time = pd.DatetimeIndex([time, ])
unixtime = localize_to_utc(time, location).astype(np.int64)/10**9
spa = _spa_python_import(how)
app_zenith, zenith, app_elevation, elevation, azimuth, eot = spa.solar_position(
unixtime, lat, lon, elev, pressure, temperature, delta_t,
atmos_refract, numthreads)
result = pd.DataFrame({'apparent_zenith': app_zenith, 'zenith': zenith,
'apparent_elevation': app_elevation,
'elevation': elevation, 'azimuth': azimuth,
'equation_of_time': eot},
index=time)
try:
result = result.tz_convert(location.tz)
except TypeError:
result = result.tz_localize(location.tz)
return result
def get_query_data(self, latitude, longitude, time, vert_level=None,
variables=None):
'''
Submits a query to the UNIDATA servers using siphon NCSS and
converts the netcdf data to a pandas DataFrame.
Parameters
----------
latitude: list
A list of floats containing latitude values.
longitude: list
A list of floats containing longitude values.
time: pd.datetimeindex
Time range of interest.
vert_level: float or integer
Vertical altitude of interest.
variables: dictionary
Variables and common names being queried.
Returns
-------
pd.DataFrame
'''
if vert_level is not None:
self.vert_level = vert_level
if variables is not None:
self.variables = variables
self.modelvariables = list(self.variables.keys())
self.queryvariables = [self.variables[key] for key in \
self.modelvariables]
self.columns = self.modelvariables
self.dataframe_variables = self.modelvariables
self.latitude = latitude
self.longitude = longitude
self.set_query_latlon()
self.set_location(time)
self.utctime = localize_to_utc(time, self.location)
self.set_query_time()
self.query.vertical_level(self.vert_level)
self.query.variables(*self.queryvariables)
self.query.accept(self.data_format)
netcdf_data = self.ncss.get_data(self.query)
try:
time_var = 'time'
self.set_time(netcdf_data.variables[time_var])
except KeyError:
time_var = 'time1'
self.set_time(netcdf_data.variables[time_var])
self.data = self.netcdf2pandas(netcdf_data)
self.set_variable_units(netcdf_data)
self.set_variable_stdnames(netcdf_data)
if self.__class__.__name__ is 'HRRR':
self.calc_temperature(netcdf_data)
self.convert_temperature()
self.calc_wind(netcdf_data)
self.calc_radiation(netcdf_data)
self.data = self.data.tz_convert(self.location.tz)
netcdf_data.close()
return self.data
def ephemeris(time, location, pressure=101325, temperature=12):
"""
Python-native solar position calculator.
The accuracy of this code is not guaranteed.
Consider using the built-in spa_c code or the PyEphem library.
Parameters
----------
time : pandas.DatetimeIndex
location : pvlib.Location
pressure : float or Series
Ambient pressure (Pascals)
temperature : float or Series
Ambient temperature (C)
Returns
-------
DataFrame with the following columns:
* apparent_elevation : apparent sun elevation accounting for
atmospheric refraction.
* elevation : actual elevation (not accounting for refraction)
of the sun in decimal degrees, 0 = on horizon.
The complement of the zenith angle.
* azimuth : Azimuth of the sun in decimal degrees East of North.
This is the complement of the apparent zenith angle.
* apparent_zenith : apparent sun zenith accounting for atmospheric
refraction.
* zenith : Solar zenith angle
* solar_time : Solar time in decimal hours (solar noon is 12.00).
References
-----------
Grover Hughes' class and related class materials on Engineering
Astronomy at Sandia National Laboratories, 1985.
See also
--------
pyephem, spa_c, spa_python
"""
# Added by Rob Andrews (@Calama-Consulting), Calama Consulting, 2014
# Edited by Will Holmgren (@wholmgren), University of Arizona, 2014
# Most comments in this function are from PVLIB_MATLAB or from
# pvlib-python's attempt to understand and fix problems with the
# algorithm. The comments are *not* based on the reference material.
# This helps a little bit:
# http://www.cv.nrao.edu/~rfisher/Ephemerides/times.html
pvl_logger.debug('location=%s, temperature=%s, pressure=%s', location,
temperature, pressure)
# the inversion of longitude is due to the fact that this code was
# originally written for the convention that positive longitude were for
# locations west of the prime meridian. However, the correct convention (as
# of 2009) is to use negative longitudes for locations west of the prime
# meridian. Therefore, the user should input longitude values under the
# correct convention (e.g. Albuquerque is at -106 longitude), but it needs
# to be inverted for use in the code.
Latitude = location.latitude
Longitude = -1 * location.longitude
Abber = 20 / 3600.
LatR = np.radians(Latitude)
# the SPA algorithm needs time to be expressed in terms of
# decimal UTC hours of the day of the year.
# first convert to utc
time_utc = localize_to_utc(time, location)
# strip out the day of the year and calculate the decimal hour
DayOfYear = time_utc.dayofyear
DecHours = (time_utc.hour + time_utc.minute / 60. +
time_utc.second / 3600. + time_utc.microsecond / 3600.e6)
UnivDate = DayOfYear
UnivHr = DecHours
Yr = time_utc.year - 1900
YrBegin = 365 * Yr + np.floor((Yr - 1) / 4.) - 0.5
Ezero = YrBegin + UnivDate
T = Ezero / 36525.
# Calculate Greenwich Mean Sidereal Time (GMST)
GMST0 = 6 / 24. + 38 / 1440. + (45.836 + 8640184.542 * T +
0.0929 * T**2) / 86400.
GMST0 = 360 * (GMST0 - np.floor(GMST0))
GMSTi = np.mod(GMST0 + 360 * (1.0027379093 * UnivHr / 24.), 360)
# Local apparent sidereal time
LocAST = np.mod((360 + GMSTi - Longitude), 360)
EpochDate = Ezero + UnivHr / 24.
T1 = EpochDate / 36525.
ObliquityR = np.radians(23.452294 - 0.0130125 * T1 - 1.64e-06 * T1**2 +
5.03e-07 * T1**3)
MlPerigee = 281.22083 + 4.70684e-05 * EpochDate + 0.000453 * T1**2 + (
3e-06 * T1**3)
MeanAnom = np.mod((358.47583 + 0.985600267 * EpochDate - 0.00015 * T1**2 -
3e-06 * T1**3), 360)
Eccen = 0.01675104 - 4.18e-05 * T1 - 1.26e-07 * T1**2
EccenAnom = MeanAnom
E = 0
while np.max(abs(EccenAnom - E)) > 0.0001:
E = EccenAnom
EccenAnom = MeanAnom + np.degrees(Eccen) * np.sin(np.radians(E))
TrueAnom = (2 * np.mod(
np.degrees(
np.arctan2(((1 + Eccen) / (1 - Eccen))**0.5 *
np.tan(np.radians(EccenAnom) / 2.), 1)), 360))
EcLon = np.mod(MlPerigee + TrueAnom, 360) - Abber
EcLonR = np.radians(EcLon)
DecR = np.arcsin(np.sin(ObliquityR) * np.sin(EcLonR))
RtAscen = np.degrees(
np.arctan2(np.cos(ObliquityR) * np.sin(EcLonR), np.cos(EcLonR)))
HrAngle = LocAST - RtAscen
HrAngleR = np.radians(HrAngle)
HrAngle = HrAngle - (360 * ((abs(HrAngle) > 180)))
SunAz = np.degrees(
np.arctan2(
-np.sin(HrAngleR),
np.cos(LatR) * np.tan(DecR) - np.sin(LatR) * np.cos(HrAngleR)))
SunAz[SunAz < 0] += 360
SunEl = np.degrees(
np.arcsin(
np.cos(LatR) * np.cos(DecR) * np.cos(HrAngleR) +
np.sin(LatR) * np.sin(DecR)))
SolarTime = (180 + HrAngle) / 15.
# Calculate refraction correction
Elevation = SunEl
TanEl = pd.Series(np.tan(np.radians(Elevation)), index=time_utc)
Refract = pd.Series(0, index=time_utc)
Refract[(Elevation > 5)
& (Elevation <= 85)] = (58.1 / TanEl - 0.07 / (TanEl**3) +
8.6e-05 / (TanEl**5))
Refract[(Elevation > -0.575)
& (Elevation <= 5)] = (Elevation *
(-518.2 + Elevation *
(103.4 + Elevation *
(-12.79 + Elevation * 0.711))) + 1735)
Refract[(Elevation > -1) & (Elevation <= -0.575)] = -20.774 / TanEl
Refract *= (283 / (273. + temperature)) * (pressure / 101325.) / 3600.
ApparentSunEl = SunEl + Refract
# make output DataFrame
DFOut = pd.DataFrame(index=time_utc).tz_convert(location.tz)
DFOut['apparent_elevation'] = ApparentSunEl
DFOut['elevation'] = SunEl
DFOut['azimuth'] = SunAz
DFOut['apparent_zenith'] = 90 - ApparentSunEl
DFOut['zenith'] = 90 - SunEl
DFOut['solar_time'] = SolarTime
return DFOut
def pyephem(time, location, pressure=101325, temperature=12):
"""
Calculate the solar position using the PyEphem package.
Parameters
----------
time : pandas.DatetimeIndex
location : pvlib.Location object
pressure : int or float, optional
air pressure in Pascals.
temperature : int or float, optional
air temperature in degrees C.
Returns
-------
DataFrame
The DataFrame will have the following columns:
apparent_elevation, elevation,
apparent_azimuth, azimuth,
apparent_zenith, zenith.
See also
--------
spa_python, spa_c, ephemeris
"""
# Written by Will Holmgren (@wholmgren), University of Arizona, 2014
try:
import ephem
except ImportError:
raise ImportError('PyEphem must be installed')
pvl_logger.debug('using PyEphem to calculate solar position')
time_utc = localize_to_utc(time, location)
sun_coords = pd.DataFrame(index=time_utc)
obs, sun = _ephem_setup(location, pressure, temperature)
# make and fill lists of the sun's altitude and azimuth
# this is the pressure and temperature corrected apparent alt/az.
alts = []
azis = []
for thetime in sun_coords.index:
obs.date = ephem.Date(thetime)
sun.compute(obs)
alts.append(sun.alt)
azis.append(sun.az)
sun_coords['apparent_elevation'] = alts
sun_coords['apparent_azimuth'] = azis
# redo it for p=0 to get no atmosphere alt/az
obs.pressure = 0
alts = []
azis = []
for thetime in sun_coords.index:
obs.date = ephem.Date(thetime)
sun.compute(obs)
alts.append(sun.alt)
azis.append(sun.az)
sun_coords['elevation'] = alts
sun_coords['azimuth'] = azis
# convert to degrees. add zenith
sun_coords = np.rad2deg(sun_coords)
sun_coords['apparent_zenith'] = 90 - sun_coords['apparent_elevation']
sun_coords['zenith'] = 90 - sun_coords['elevation']
try:
return sun_coords.tz_convert(location.tz)
except TypeError:
return sun_coords.tz_localize(location.tz)
def spa_python(time,
location,
pressure=101325,
temperature=12,
delta_t=None,
atmos_refract=None,
how='numpy',
numthreads=4):
"""
Calculate the solar position using a python implementation of the
NREL SPA algorithm described in [1].
If numba is installed, the functions can be compiled to
machine code and the function can be multithreaded.
Without numba, the function evaluates via numpy with
a slight performance hit.
Parameters
----------
time : pandas.DatetimeIndex
location : pvlib.Location object
pressure : int or float, optional
avg. yearly air pressure in Pascals.
temperature : int or float, optional
avg. yearly air temperature in degrees C.
delta_t : float, optional
Difference between terrestrial time and UT1.
The USNO has historical and forecasted delta_t [3].
atmos_refrac : float, optional
The approximate atmospheric refraction (in degrees)
at sunrise and sunset.
how : str, optional
Options are 'numpy' or 'numba'. If numba >= 0.17.0
is installed, how='numba' will compile the spa functions
to machine code and run them multithreaded.
numthreads : int, optional
Number of threads to use if how == 'numba'.
Returns
-------
DataFrame
The DataFrame will have the following columns:
apparent_zenith (degrees),
zenith (degrees),
apparent_elevation (degrees),
elevation (degrees),
azimuth (degrees),
equation_of_time (minutes).
References
----------
[1] I. Reda and A. Andreas, Solar position algorithm for solar
radiation applications. Solar Energy, vol. 76, no. 5, pp. 577-589, 2004.
[2] I. Reda and A. Andreas, Corrigendum to Solar position algorithm for
solar radiation applications. Solar Energy, vol. 81, no. 6, p. 838, 2007.
[3] USNO delta T: http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/earth-orientation/eo-products/long-term
See also
--------
pyephem, spa_c, ephemeris
"""
# Added by Tony Lorenzo (@alorenzo175), University of Arizona, 2015
pvl_logger.debug('Calculating solar position with spa_python code')
lat = location.latitude
lon = location.longitude
elev = location.altitude
pressure = pressure / 100 # pressure must be in millibars for calculation
delta_t = delta_t or 67.0
atmos_refract = atmos_refract or 0.5667
if not isinstance(time, pd.DatetimeIndex):
try:
time = pd.DatetimeIndex(time)
except (TypeError, ValueError):
time = pd.DatetimeIndex([
time,
])
unixtime = localize_to_utc(time, location).astype(np.int64) / 10**9
spa = _spa_python_import(how)
app_zenith, zenith, app_elevation, elevation, azimuth, eot = spa.solar_position(
unixtime, lat, lon, elev, pressure, temperature, delta_t,
atmos_refract, numthreads)
result = pd.DataFrame(
{
'apparent_zenith': app_zenith,
'zenith': zenith,
'apparent_elevation': app_elevation,
'elevation': elevation,
'azimuth': azimuth,
'equation_of_time': eot
},
index=time)
try:
result = result.tz_convert(location.tz)
except TypeError:
result = result.tz_localize(location.tz)
return result
def spa_c(time,
location,
pressure=101325,
temperature=12,
delta_t=67.0,
raw_spa_output=False):
"""
Calculate the solar position using the C implementation of the NREL
SPA code
The source files for this code are located in './spa_c_files/', along with
a README file which describes how the C code is wrapped in Python.
Due to license restrictions, the C code must be downloaded seperately
and used in accordance with it's license.
Parameters
----------
time : pandas.DatetimeIndex
location : pvlib.Location object
pressure : float
Pressure in Pascals
temperature : float
Temperature in C
delta_t : float
Difference between terrestrial time and UT1.
USNO has previous values and predictions.
raw_spa_output : bool
If true, returns the raw SPA output.
Returns
-------
DataFrame
The DataFrame will have the following columns:
elevation,
azimuth,
zenith,
apparent_elevation,
apparent_zenith.
References
----------
NREL SPA code: http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/codesandalgorithms/spa/
USNO delta T: http://www.usno.navy.mil/USNO/earth-orientation/eo-products/long-term
See also
--------
pyephem, spa_python, ephemeris
"""
# Added by Rob Andrews (@Calama-Consulting), Calama Consulting, 2014
# Edited by Will Holmgren (@wholmgren), University of Arizona, 2014
# Edited by Tony Lorenzo (@alorenzo175), University of Arizona, 2015
try:
from pvlib.spa_c_files.spa_py import spa_calc
except ImportError:
raise ImportError('Could not import built-in SPA calculator. ' +
'You may need to recompile the SPA code.')
pvl_logger.debug('using built-in spa code to calculate solar position')
time_utc = localize_to_utc(time, location)
spa_out = []
for date in time_utc:
spa_out.append(
spa_calc(
year=date.year,
month=date.month,
day=date.day,
hour=date.hour,
minute=date.minute,
second=date.second,
timezone=0, # tz corrections handled above
latitude=location.latitude,
longitude=location.longitude,
elevation=location.altitude,
pressure=pressure / 100,
temperature=temperature,
delta_t=delta_t))
spa_df = pd.DataFrame(spa_out, index=time_utc).tz_convert(location.tz)
if raw_spa_output:
return spa_df
else:
dfout = pd.DataFrame({
'azimuth': spa_df['azimuth'],
'apparent_zenith': spa_df['zenith'],
'apparent_elevation': spa_df['e'],
'elevation': spa_df['e0'],
'zenith': 90 - spa_df['e0']
})
return dfout
def get_query_data(self,
latitude,
longitude,
time,
vert_level=None,
variables=None):
'''
Submits a query to the UNIDATA servers using siphon NCSS and
converts the netcdf data to a pandas DataFrame.
Parameters
----------
latitude: list
A list of floats containing latitude values.
longitude: list
A list of floats containing longitude values.
time: pd.datetimeindex
Time range of interest.
vert_level: float or integer
Vertical altitude of interest.
variables: dictionary
Variables and common names being queried.
Returns
-------
pd.DataFrame
'''
if vert_level is not None:
self.vert_level = vert_level
if variables is not None:
self.variables = variables
self.modelvariables = list(self.variables.keys())
self.queryvariables = [self.variables[key] for key in \
self.modelvariables]
self.columns = self.modelvariables
self.dataframe_variables = self.modelvariables
self.latitude = latitude
self.longitude = longitude
self.set_query_latlon()
self.set_location(time)
self.utctime = localize_to_utc(time, self.location)
self.set_query_time()
self.query.vertical_level(self.vert_level)
self.query.variables(*self.queryvariables)
self.query.accept(self.data_format)
netcdf_data = self.ncss.get_data(self.query)
try:
time_var = 'time'
self.set_time(netcdf_data.variables[time_var])
except KeyError:
time_var = 'time1'
self.set_time(netcdf_data.variables[time_var])
self.data = self.netcdf2pandas(netcdf_data)
self.set_variable_units(netcdf_data)
self.set_variable_stdnames(netcdf_data)
if self.__class__.__name__ is 'HRRR':
self.calc_temperature(netcdf_data)
self.convert_temperature()
self.calc_wind(netcdf_data)
self.calc_radiation(netcdf_data)
self.data = self.data.tz_convert(self.location.tz)
netcdf_data.close()
return self.data
def spa(time, location, raw_spa_output=False):
'''
Calculate the solar position using the C implementation of the NREL
SPA code
The source files for this code are located in './spa_c_files/', along with
a README file which describes how the C code is wrapped in Python.
Parameters
----------
time : pandas.DatetimeIndex
location : pvlib.Location object
raw_spa_output : bool
If true, returns the raw SPA output.
Returns
-------
DataFrame
The DataFrame will have the following columns:
elevation,
azimuth,
zenith.
References
----------
NREL SPA code: http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/codesandalgorithms/spa/
'''
# Added by Rob Andrews (@Calama-Consulting), Calama Consulting, 2014
# Edited by Will Holmgren (@wholmgren), University of Arizona, 2014
try:
from pvlib.spa_c_files.spa_py import spa_calc
except ImportError as e:
raise ImportError('Could not import built-in SPA calculator. ' +
'You may need to recompile the SPA code.')
pvl_logger.debug('using built-in spa code to calculate solar position')
time_utc = localize_to_utc(time, location)
spa_out = []
for date in time_utc:
spa_out.append(
spa_calc(
year=date.year,
month=date.month,
day=date.day,
hour=date.hour,
minute=date.minute,
second=date.second,
timezone=0, #timezone corrections handled above
latitude=location.latitude,
longitude=location.longitude,
elevation=location.altitude))
spa_df = pd.DataFrame(spa_out, index=time_utc).tz_convert(location.tz)
if raw_spa_output:
return spa_df
else:
dfout = spa_df[['zenith', 'azimuth']]
dfout['elevation'] = 90 - dfout.zenith
return dfout
def spa(time, location, raw_spa_output=False):
'''
Calculate the solar position using the C implementation of the NREL
SPA code
The source files for this code are located in './spa_c_files/', along with
a README file which describes how the C code is wrapped in Python.
Parameters
----------
time : pandas.DatetimeIndex
location : pvlib.Location object
raw_spa_output : bool
If true, returns the raw SPA output.
Returns
-------
DataFrame
The DataFrame will have the following columns:
elevation,
azimuth,
zenith.
References
----------
NREL SPA code: http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/codesandalgorithms/spa/
'''
# Added by Rob Andrews (@Calama-Consulting), Calama Consulting, 2014
# Edited by Will Holmgren (@wholmgren), University of Arizona, 2014
try:
from pvlib.spa_c_files.spa_py import spa_calc
except ImportError as e:
raise ImportError('Could not import built-in SPA calculator. '+
'You may need to recompile the SPA code.')
pvl_logger.debug('using built-in spa code to calculate solar position')
time_utc = localize_to_utc(time, location)
spa_out = []
for date in time_utc:
spa_out.append(spa_calc(year=date.year,
month=date.month,
day=date.day,
hour=date.hour,
minute=date.minute,
second=date.second,
timezone=0, #timezone corrections handled above
latitude=location.latitude,
longitude=location.longitude,
elevation=location.altitude))
spa_df = pd.DataFrame(spa_out, index=time_utc).tz_convert(location.tz)
if raw_spa_output:
return spa_df
else:
dfout = spa_df[['zenith', 'azimuth']]
dfout['elevation'] = 90 - dfout.zenith
return dfout