def test_convert_program_with_controlled_operations_not_in_pl_core(
self, tol):
"""Test that a program with controlled operations out of scope of PL core/PLF
is properly converted, i.e. the operations are replaced with controlled operations."""
program = pyquil.Program()
CS_matrix = np.eye(4, dtype=complex)
CS_matrix[3, 3] = 1j
CCT_matrix = np.eye(8, dtype=complex)
CCT_matrix[7, 7] = np.exp(1j * np.pi / 4)
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
program += g.S(0).controlled(1)
program += g.S(1).controlled(0)
program += g.T(0).controlled(1).controlled(2)
program += g.T(1).controlled(0).controlled(2)
program += g.T(2).controlled(1).controlled(0)
with OperationRecorder() as rec:
load_program(program)(wires=range(3))
expected_queue = [
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
qml.QubitUnitary(CS_matrix, wires=[1, 0]),
qml.QubitUnitary(CS_matrix, wires=[0, 1]),
qml.QubitUnitary(CCT_matrix, wires=[2, 1, 0]),
qml.QubitUnitary(CCT_matrix, wires=[2, 0, 1]),
qml.QubitUnitary(CCT_matrix, wires=[0, 1, 2]),
]
for converted, expected in zip(rec.queue, expected_queue):
assert converted.name == expected.name
assert converted.wires == expected.wires
assert np.allclose(converted.data, expected.data, atol=tol, rtol=0)
def _apply_transversal(self, gate_name: str, *blocks: CodeBlock) -> Program:
"""
Attempt to construct a program implementing the given gate transversally. If that cannot be
done with this type of code, then return None.
"""
if not self.is_transversal(gate_name):
return None
qubits = (block.qubits for block in blocks)
if gate_name == 'I':
return apply_transversally(gates.I, *qubits)
if gate_name == 'CNOT':
return apply_transversally(gates.CNOT, *qubits)
if gate_name == 'H':
return apply_transversally(gates.H, *qubits)
if gate_name == 'CZ':
return apply_transversally(gates.CZ, *qubits)
if gate_name == 'S':
return apply_transversally(
lambda qubit: [gates.Z(qubit), gates.S(qubit)], *qubits
)
raise NotImplementedError("transversal {} not implemented".format(gate_name))
class TestProgramConverter:
"""Test that PyQuil Program instances are properly converted."""
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"pyquil_operation,expected_pl_operation",
[
(g.I(0), qml.Identity(wires=[0])),
(g.H(0), qml.Hadamard(0)),
(g.H(0).dagger(), qml.Hadamard(0).inv()),
(g.H(0).dagger().dagger(), qml.Hadamard(0).inv().inv()),
(g.S(0), qml.S(wires=[0])),
(g.S(0).dagger(), qml.S(wires=[0]).inv()),
(g.S(0).dagger().dagger(), qml.S(wires=[0]).inv().inv()),
(g.T(0), qml.T(wires=[0])),
(g.T(0).dagger(), qml.T(wires=[0]).inv()),
(g.T(0).dagger().dagger(), qml.T(wires=[0]).inv().inv()),
(g.X(0), qml.PauliX(0)),
(g.X(0).dagger(), qml.PauliX(0).inv()),
(g.X(0).dagger().dagger(), qml.PauliX(0).inv().inv()),
(g.X(0).controlled(1), qml.CNOT(wires=[1, 0])),
(g.X(0).controlled(1).dagger(), qml.CNOT(wires=[1, 0]).inv()),
(g.X(0).controlled(1).dagger().dagger(),
qml.CNOT(wires=[1, 0]).inv().inv()),
(g.X(0).controlled(1).controlled(2),
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[2, 1, 0])),
(g.X(0).controlled(1).controlled(2).dagger(),
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[2, 1, 0]).inv()),
(
g.X(0).controlled(1).controlled(2).dagger().dagger(),
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[2, 1, 0]).inv().inv(),
),
(g.Y(0), qml.PauliY(0)),
(g.Y(0).dagger(), qml.PauliY(0).inv()),
(g.Y(0).dagger().dagger(), qml.PauliY(0).inv().inv()),
(g.Z(0), qml.PauliZ(0)),
(g.Z(0).dagger(), qml.PauliZ(0).inv()),
(g.Z(0).dagger().dagger(), qml.PauliZ(0).inv().inv()),
(g.Z(0).controlled(1), qml.CZ(wires=[1, 0])),
(g.Z(0).controlled(1).dagger(), qml.CZ(wires=[1, 0]).inv()),
(g.Z(0).controlled(1).dagger().dagger(),
qml.CZ(wires=[1, 0]).inv().inv()),
(g.CNOT(0, 1), qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1])),
(g.CNOT(0, 1).dagger(), qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]).inv()),
(g.CNOT(0,
1).dagger().dagger(), qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]).inv().inv()),
(g.CNOT(0, 1).controlled(2), plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[2, 0, 1])),
(g.CNOT(0, 1).controlled(2).dagger(),
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[2, 0, 1]).inv()),
(
g.CNOT(0, 1).controlled(2).dagger().dagger(),
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[2, 0, 1]).inv().inv(),
),
(g.SWAP(0, 1), qml.SWAP(wires=[0, 1])),
(g.SWAP(0, 1).dagger(), qml.SWAP(wires=[0, 1]).inv()),
(g.SWAP(0,
1).dagger().dagger(), qml.SWAP(wires=[0, 1]).inv().inv()),
(g.SWAP(0, 1).controlled(2), qml.CSWAP(wires=[2, 0, 1])),
(g.SWAP(0, 1).controlled(2).dagger(),
qml.CSWAP(wires=[2, 0, 1]).inv()),
(g.SWAP(0, 1).controlled(2).dagger().dagger(),
qml.CSWAP(wires=[2, 0, 1]).inv().inv()),
(g.ISWAP(0, 1), plf.ops.ISWAP(wires=[0, 1])),
(g.ISWAP(0, 1).dagger(), plf.ops.ISWAP(wires=[0, 1]).inv()),
(g.ISWAP(0, 1).dagger().dagger(),
plf.ops.ISWAP(wires=[0, 1]).inv().inv()),
(g.PSWAP(0.3, 0, 1), plf.ops.PSWAP(0.3, wires=[0, 1])),
(g.PSWAP(0.3, 0, 1).dagger(), plf.ops.PSWAP(0.3, wires=[0, 1
]).inv()),
(g.PSWAP(0.3, 0, 1).dagger().dagger(),
plf.ops.PSWAP(0.3, wires=[0, 1]).inv().inv()),
(g.CZ(0, 1), qml.CZ(wires=[0, 1])),
(g.CZ(0, 1).dagger(), qml.CZ(wires=[0, 1]).inv()),
(g.CZ(0, 1).dagger().dagger(), qml.CZ(wires=[0, 1]).inv().inv()),
(g.PHASE(0.3, 0), qml.PhaseShift(0.3, wires=[0])),
(g.PHASE(0.3, 0).dagger(), qml.PhaseShift(0.3, wires=[0]).inv()),
(g.PHASE(0.3, 0).dagger().dagger(), qml.PhaseShift(
0.3, wires=[0]).inv().inv()),
(g.PHASE(0.3, 0).controlled(1), plf.ops.CPHASE(
0.3, 3, wires=[1, 0])),
(g.PHASE(0.3, 0).controlled(1).dagger(),
plf.ops.CPHASE(0.3, 3, wires=[1, 0]).inv()),
(
g.PHASE(0.3, 0).controlled(1).dagger().dagger(),
plf.ops.CPHASE(0.3, 3, wires=[1, 0]).inv().inv(),
),
(g.RX(0.3, 0), qml.RX(0.3, wires=[0])),
(g.RX(0.3, 0).dagger(), qml.RX(0.3, wires=[0]).inv()),
(g.RX(0.3, 0).dagger().dagger(), qml.RX(0.3,
wires=[0]).inv().inv()),
(g.RX(0.3, 0).controlled(1), qml.CRX(0.3, wires=[1, 0])),
(g.RX(0.3, 0).controlled(1).dagger(), qml.CRX(0.3,
wires=[1, 0]).inv()),
(g.RX(0.3, 0).controlled(1).dagger().dagger(),
qml.CRX(0.3, wires=[1, 0]).inv().inv()),
(g.RY(0.3, 0), qml.RY(0.3, wires=[0])),
(g.RY(0.3, 0).dagger(), qml.RY(0.3, wires=[0]).inv()),
(g.RY(0.3, 0).dagger().dagger(), qml.RY(0.3,
wires=[0]).inv().inv()),
(g.RY(0.3, 0).controlled(1), qml.CRY(0.3, wires=[1, 0])),
(g.RY(0.3, 0).controlled(1).dagger(), qml.CRY(0.3,
wires=[1, 0]).inv()),
(g.RY(0.3, 0).controlled(1).dagger().dagger(),
qml.CRY(0.3, wires=[1, 0]).inv().inv()),
(g.RZ(0.3, 0), qml.RZ(0.3, wires=[0])),
(g.RZ(0.3, 0).dagger(), qml.RZ(0.3, wires=[0]).inv()),
(g.RZ(0.3, 0).dagger().dagger(), qml.RZ(0.3,
wires=[0]).inv().inv()),
(g.RZ(0.3, 0).controlled(1), qml.CRZ(0.3, wires=[1, 0])),
(g.RZ(0.3, 0).controlled(1).dagger(), qml.CRZ(0.3,
wires=[1, 0]).inv()),
(g.RZ(0.3, 0).controlled(1).dagger().dagger(),
qml.CRZ(0.3, wires=[1, 0]).inv().inv()),
(g.CPHASE(0.3, 0, 1), plf.ops.CPHASE(0.3, 3, wires=[0, 1])),
(g.CPHASE(0.3, 0, 1).dagger(), plf.ops.CPHASE(0.3, 3,
wires=[0, 1]).inv()),
(
g.CPHASE(0.3, 0, 1).dagger().dagger(),
plf.ops.CPHASE(0.3, 3, wires=[0, 1]).inv().inv(),
),
(g.CPHASE00(0.3, 0, 1), plf.ops.CPHASE(0.3, 0, wires=[0, 1])),
(g.CPHASE00(0.3, 0, 1).dagger(),
plf.ops.CPHASE(0.3, 0, wires=[0, 1]).inv()),
(
g.CPHASE00(0.3, 0, 1).dagger().dagger(),
plf.ops.CPHASE(0.3, 0, wires=[0, 1]).inv().inv(),
),
(g.CPHASE01(0.3, 0, 1), plf.ops.CPHASE(0.3, 1, wires=[0, 1])),
(g.CPHASE01(0.3, 0, 1).dagger(),
plf.ops.CPHASE(0.3, 1, wires=[0, 1]).inv()),
(
g.CPHASE01(0.3, 0, 1).dagger().dagger(),
plf.ops.CPHASE(0.3, 1, wires=[0, 1]).inv().inv(),
),
(g.CPHASE10(0.3, 0, 1), plf.ops.CPHASE(0.3, 2, wires=[0, 1])),
(g.CPHASE10(0.3, 0, 1).dagger(),
plf.ops.CPHASE(0.3, 2, wires=[0, 1]).inv()),
(
g.CPHASE10(0.3, 0, 1).dagger().dagger(),
plf.ops.CPHASE(0.3, 2, wires=[0, 1]).inv().inv(),
),
(g.CSWAP(0, 1, 2), qml.CSWAP(wires=[0, 1, 2])),
(g.CSWAP(0, 1, 2).dagger(), qml.CSWAP(wires=[0, 1, 2]).inv()),
(g.CSWAP(0, 1, 2).dagger().dagger(),
qml.CSWAP(wires=[0, 1, 2]).inv().inv()),
(g.CCNOT(0, 1, 2), plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[0, 1, 2])),
(g.CCNOT(0, 1, 2).dagger(), plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[0, 1, 2]).inv()),
(g.CCNOT(0, 1, 2).dagger().dagger(),
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[0, 1, 2]).inv().inv()),
],
)
def test_convert_operation(self, pyquil_operation, expected_pl_operation):
"""Test that single pyquil gates are properly converted."""
program = pyquil.Program()
program += pyquil_operation
with OperationRecorder() as rec:
loader = load_program(program)
loader(wires=range(len(loader.defined_qubits)))
assert rec.queue[0].name == expected_pl_operation.name
assert rec.queue[0].wires == expected_pl_operation.wires
assert rec.queue[0].params == expected_pl_operation.params
def test_convert_simple_program(self):
"""Test that a simple program is properly converted."""
program = pyquil.Program()
program += g.H(0)
program += g.RZ(0.34, 1)
program += g.CNOT(0, 3)
program += g.H(2)
program += g.H(7)
program += g.X(7)
program += g.Y(1)
program += g.RZ(0.34, 1)
with OperationRecorder() as rec:
load_program(program)(wires=range(5))
# The wires should be assigned as
# 0 1 2 3 7
# 0 1 2 3 4
expected_queue = [
qml.Hadamard(0),
qml.RZ(0.34, wires=[1]),
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 3]),
qml.Hadamard(2),
qml.Hadamard(4),
qml.PauliX(4),
qml.PauliY(1),
qml.RZ(0.34, wires=[1]),
]
for converted, expected in zip(rec.queue, expected_queue):
assert converted.name == expected.name
assert converted.wires == expected.wires
assert converted.params == expected.params
def test_convert_simple_program_with_parameters(self):
"""Test that a simple program with parameters is properly converted."""
program = pyquil.Program()
alpha = program.declare("alpha", "REAL")
beta = program.declare("beta", "REAL")
gamma = program.declare("gamma", "REAL")
program += g.H(0)
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
program += g.RX(alpha, 1)
program += g.RZ(beta, 1)
program += g.RX(gamma, 1)
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
program += g.H(0)
a, b, c = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3
parameter_map = {"alpha": a, "beta": b, "gamma": c}
with OperationRecorder() as rec:
load_program(program)(wires=range(2), parameter_map=parameter_map)
expected_queue = [
qml.Hadamard(0),
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
qml.RX(0.1, wires=[1]),
qml.RZ(0.2, wires=[1]),
qml.RX(0.3, wires=[1]),
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
qml.Hadamard(0),
]
for converted, expected in zip(rec.queue, expected_queue):
assert converted.name == expected.name
assert converted.wires == expected.wires
assert converted.params == expected.params
def test_parameter_not_given_error(self):
"""Test that the correct error is raised if a parameter is not given."""
program = pyquil.Program()
alpha = program.declare("alpha", "REAL")
beta = program.declare("beta", "REAL")
program += g.H(0)
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
program += g.RX(alpha, 1)
program += g.RZ(beta, 1)
a = 0.1
parameter_map = {"alpha": a}
with pytest.raises(
qml.DeviceError,
match=
"The PyQuil program defines a variable .* that is not present in the given variable map",
):
load_program(program)(wires=range(2), parameter_map=parameter_map)
def test_convert_simple_program_with_parameters_mixed_keys(self):
"""Test that a parametrized program is properly converted when
the variable map contains mixed key types."""
program = pyquil.Program()
alpha = program.declare("alpha", "REAL")
beta = program.declare("beta", "REAL")
gamma = program.declare("gamma", "REAL")
delta = program.declare("delta", "REAL")
program += g.H(0)
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
program += g.RX(alpha, 1)
program += g.RZ(beta, 1)
program += g.RX(gamma, 1)
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
program += g.RZ(delta, 0)
program += g.H(0)
a, b, c, d = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4
parameter_map = {"alpha": a, beta: b, gamma: c, "delta": d}
with OperationRecorder() as rec:
load_program(program)(wires=range(2), parameter_map=parameter_map)
expected_queue = [
qml.Hadamard(0),
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
qml.RX(0.1, wires=[1]),
qml.RZ(0.2, wires=[1]),
qml.RX(0.3, wires=[1]),
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
qml.RZ(0.4, wires=[0]),
qml.Hadamard(0),
]
for converted, expected in zip(rec.queue, expected_queue):
assert converted.name == expected.name
assert converted.wires == expected.wires
assert converted.params == expected.params
def test_convert_simple_program_wire_assignment(self):
"""Test that the assignment of qubits to wires works as expected."""
program = pyquil.Program()
program += g.H(0)
program += g.RZ(0.34, 1)
program += g.CNOT(0, 3)
program += g.H(2)
program += g.H(7)
program += g.X(7)
program += g.Y(1)
program += g.RZ(0.34, 1)
with OperationRecorder() as rec:
load_program(program)(wires=[3, 6, 4, 9, 1])
# The wires should be assigned as
# 0 1 2 3 7
# 3 6 4 9 1
expected_queue = [
qml.Hadamard(3),
qml.RZ(0.34, wires=[6]),
qml.CNOT(wires=[3, 9]),
qml.Hadamard(4),
qml.Hadamard(1),
qml.PauliX(1),
qml.PauliY(6),
qml.RZ(0.34, wires=[6]),
]
for converted, expected in zip(rec.queue, expected_queue):
assert converted.name == expected.name
assert converted.wires == expected.wires
assert converted.params == expected.params
@pytest.mark.parametrize("wires", [[0, 1, 2, 3], [4, 5]])
def test_convert_wire_error(self, wires):
"""Test that the conversion raises an error if the given number
of wires doesn't match the number of qubits in the Program."""
program = pyquil.Program()
program += g.H(0)
program += g.H(1)
program += g.H(2)
with pytest.raises(
qml.DeviceError,
match=
"The number of given wires does not match the number of qubits in the PyQuil Program",
):
load_program(program)(wires=wires)
def test_convert_program_with_inverses(self):
"""Test that a program with inverses is properly converted."""
program = pyquil.Program()
program += g.H(0)
program += g.RZ(0.34, 1).dagger()
program += g.CNOT(0, 3).dagger()
program += g.H(2)
program += g.H(7).dagger().dagger()
program += g.X(7).dagger()
program += g.X(7)
program += g.Y(1)
program += g.RZ(0.34, 1)
with OperationRecorder() as rec:
load_program(program)(wires=range(5))
expected_queue = [
qml.Hadamard(0),
qml.RZ(0.34, wires=[1]).inv(),
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 3]).inv(),
qml.Hadamard(2),
qml.Hadamard(4),
qml.PauliX(4).inv(),
qml.PauliX(4),
qml.PauliY(1),
qml.RZ(0.34, wires=[1]),
]
for converted, expected in zip(rec.queue, expected_queue):
assert converted.name == expected.name
assert converted.wires == expected.wires
assert converted.params == expected.params
def test_convert_program_with_controlled_operations(self):
"""Test that a program with controlled operations is properly converted."""
program = pyquil.Program()
program += g.RZ(0.34, 1)
program += g.RY(0.2, 3).controlled(2)
program += g.RX(0.4, 2).controlled(0)
program += g.CNOT(1, 4)
program += g.CNOT(1, 6).controlled(3)
program += g.X(3).controlled(4).controlled(1)
with OperationRecorder() as rec:
load_program(program)(wires=range(6))
expected_queue = [
qml.RZ(0.34, wires=[1]),
qml.CRY(0.2, wires=[2, 3]),
qml.CRX(0.4, wires=[0, 2]),
qml.CNOT(wires=[1, 4]),
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[3, 1, 5]),
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[1, 4, 3]),
]
for converted, expected in zip(rec.queue, expected_queue):
assert converted.name == expected.name
assert converted.wires == expected.wires
assert converted.params == expected.params
def test_convert_program_with_controlled_operations_not_in_pl_core(
self, tol):
"""Test that a program with controlled operations out of scope of PL core/PLF
is properly converted, i.e. the operations are replaced with controlled operations."""
program = pyquil.Program()
CS_matrix = np.eye(4, dtype=complex)
CS_matrix[3, 3] = 1j
CCT_matrix = np.eye(8, dtype=complex)
CCT_matrix[7, 7] = np.exp(1j * np.pi / 4)
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
program += g.S(0).controlled(1)
program += g.S(1).controlled(0)
program += g.T(0).controlled(1).controlled(2)
program += g.T(1).controlled(0).controlled(2)
program += g.T(2).controlled(1).controlled(0)
with OperationRecorder() as rec:
load_program(program)(wires=range(3))
expected_queue = [
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
qml.QubitUnitary(CS_matrix, wires=[1, 0]),
qml.QubitUnitary(CS_matrix, wires=[0, 1]),
qml.QubitUnitary(CCT_matrix, wires=[2, 1, 0]),
qml.QubitUnitary(CCT_matrix, wires=[2, 0, 1]),
qml.QubitUnitary(CCT_matrix, wires=[0, 1, 2]),
]
for converted, expected in zip(rec.queue, expected_queue):
assert converted.name == expected.name
assert converted.wires == expected.wires
assert np.allclose(converted.params,
expected.params,
atol=tol,
rtol=0)
def test_convert_program_with_controlled_dagger_operations(self):
"""Test that a program that combines controlled and daggered operations
is properly converted."""
program = pyquil.Program()
program += g.CNOT(0, 1).controlled(2)
program += g.CNOT(0, 1).dagger().controlled(2)
program += g.CNOT(0, 1).controlled(2).dagger()
program += g.CNOT(0, 1).dagger().controlled(2).dagger()
program += g.RX(0.3, 3).controlled(4)
program += g.RX(0.2, 3).controlled(4).dagger()
program += g.RX(0.3, 3).dagger().controlled(4)
program += g.RX(0.2, 3).dagger().controlled(4).dagger()
program += g.X(2).dagger().controlled(4).controlled(1).dagger()
program += g.X(0).dagger().controlled(4).controlled(1)
program += g.X(0).dagger().controlled(4).dagger().dagger().controlled(
1).dagger()
with OperationRecorder() as rec:
load_program(program)(wires=range(5))
expected_queue = [
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[2, 0, 1]),
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[2, 0, 1]).inv(),
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[2, 0, 1]).inv(),
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[2, 0, 1]),
qml.CRX(0.3, wires=[4, 3]),
qml.CRX(0.2, wires=[4, 3]).inv(),
qml.CRX(0.3, wires=[4, 3]).inv(),
qml.CRX(0.2, wires=[4, 3]),
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[1, 4, 2]),
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[1, 4, 0]).inv(),
plf.ops.CCNOT(wires=[1, 4, 0]),
]
for converted, expected in zip(rec.queue, expected_queue):
assert converted.name == expected.name
assert converted.wires == expected.wires
assert converted.params == expected.params
def test_convert_program_with_defgates(self):
"""Test that a program that defines its own gates is properly converted."""
program = pyquil.Program()
sqrt_x = np.array([[0.5 + 0.5j, 0.5 - 0.5j], [0.5 - 0.5j, 0.5 + 0.5j]])
sqrt_x_t2 = np.kron(sqrt_x, sqrt_x)
sqrt_x_t3 = np.kron(sqrt_x, sqrt_x_t2)
sqrt_x_definition = pyquil.quil.DefGate("SQRT-X", sqrt_x)
SQRT_X = sqrt_x_definition.get_constructor()
sqrt_x_t2_definition = pyquil.quil.DefGate("SQRT-X-T2", sqrt_x_t2)
SQRT_X_T2 = sqrt_x_t2_definition.get_constructor()
sqrt_x_t3_definition = pyquil.quil.DefGate("SQRT-X-T3", sqrt_x_t3)
SQRT_X_T3 = sqrt_x_t3_definition.get_constructor()
program += sqrt_x_definition
program += sqrt_x_t2_definition
program += sqrt_x_t3_definition
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
program += SQRT_X(0)
program += SQRT_X_T2(1, 2)
program += SQRT_X_T3(1, 0, 2)
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
program += g.CNOT(1, 2)
program += g.CNOT(2, 0)
with OperationRecorder() as rec:
load_program(program)(wires=range(3))
expected_queue = [
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
qml.QubitUnitary(sqrt_x, wires=[0]),
qml.QubitUnitary(sqrt_x_t2, wires=[1, 2]),
qml.QubitUnitary(sqrt_x_t3, wires=[1, 0, 2]),
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
qml.CNOT(wires=[1, 2]),
qml.CNOT(wires=[2, 0]),
]
for converted, expected in zip(rec.queue, expected_queue):
assert converted.name == expected.name
assert converted.wires == expected.wires
assert converted.params == expected.params
def test_convert_program_with_controlled_defgates(self, tol):
"""Test that a program with controlled defined gates is properly
converted."""
program = pyquil.Program()
sqrt_x = np.array([[0.5 + 0.5j, 0.5 - 0.5j], [0.5 - 0.5j, 0.5 + 0.5j]])
sqrt_x_t2 = np.kron(sqrt_x, sqrt_x)
c_sqrt_x = np.eye(4, dtype=complex)
c_sqrt_x[2:, 2:] = sqrt_x
c_sqrt_x_t2 = np.eye(8, dtype=complex)
c_sqrt_x_t2[4:, 4:] = sqrt_x_t2
sqrt_x_definition = pyquil.quil.DefGate("SQRT-X", sqrt_x)
SQRT_X = sqrt_x_definition.get_constructor()
sqrt_x_t2_definition = pyquil.quil.DefGate("SQRT-X-T2", sqrt_x_t2)
SQRT_X_T2 = sqrt_x_t2_definition.get_constructor()
program += sqrt_x_definition
program += sqrt_x_t2_definition
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
program += SQRT_X(0).controlled(1)
program += SQRT_X_T2(1, 2).controlled(0)
program += g.X(0).controlled(1)
program += g.RX(0.4, 0)
with OperationRecorder() as rec:
load_program(program)(wires=range(3))
expected_queue = [
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
qml.QubitUnitary(c_sqrt_x, wires=[1, 0]),
qml.QubitUnitary(c_sqrt_x_t2, wires=[0, 1, 2]),
qml.CNOT(wires=[1, 0]),
qml.RX(0.4, wires=[0]),
]
for converted, expected in zip(rec.queue, expected_queue):
assert converted.name == expected.name
assert converted.wires == expected.wires
assert np.allclose(converted.params,
expected.params,
atol=tol,
rtol=0)
def test_convert_program_with_defpermutationgates(self):
"""Test that a program with gates defined via DefPermutationGate is
properly converted."""
program = pyquil.Program()
expected_matrix = np.eye(4)
expected_matrix = expected_matrix[:, [1, 0, 3, 2]]
x_plus_x_definition = pyquil.quil.DefPermutationGate(
"X+X", [1, 0, 3, 2])
X_plus_X = x_plus_x_definition.get_constructor()
program += x_plus_x_definition
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
program += X_plus_X(0, 1)
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
with OperationRecorder() as rec:
load_program(program)(wires=range(2))
expected_queue = [
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
qml.QubitUnitary(expected_matrix, wires=[0, 1]),
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
]
for converted, expected in zip(rec.queue, expected_queue):
assert converted.name == expected.name
assert converted.wires == expected.wires
assert np.array_equal(converted.params, expected.params)
def test_convert_program_with_controlled_defpermutationgates(self):
"""Test that a program that uses controlled permutation gates
is properly converted."""
program = pyquil.Program()
expected_matrix = np.eye(4)
expected_matrix = expected_matrix[:, [1, 0, 3, 2]]
expected_controlled_matrix = np.eye(8)
expected_controlled_matrix[4:, 4:] = expected_matrix
x_plus_x_definition = pyquil.quil.DefPermutationGate(
"X+X", [1, 0, 3, 2])
X_plus_X = x_plus_x_definition.get_constructor()
program += x_plus_x_definition
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
program += X_plus_X(0, 1).controlled(2)
program += X_plus_X(1, 2).controlled(0)
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
with OperationRecorder() as rec:
load_program(program)(wires=range(3))
expected_queue = [
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
qml.QubitUnitary(expected_controlled_matrix, wires=[2, 0, 1]),
qml.QubitUnitary(expected_controlled_matrix, wires=[0, 1, 2]),
qml.CNOT(wires=[0, 1]),
]
for converted, expected in zip(rec.queue, expected_queue):
assert converted.name == expected.name
assert converted.wires == expected.wires
assert np.array_equal(converted.params, expected.params)
def test_forked_gate_error(self):
"""Test that an error is raised if conversion of a
forked gate is attempted."""
program = pyquil.Program()
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
program += g.RX(0.3, 1).forked(2, [0.5])
program += g.CNOT(0, 1)
with pytest.raises(
qml.DeviceError,
match=
"Forked gates can not be imported into PennyLane, as this functionality is not supported",
):
load_program(program)(wires=range(3))
def expectation(angles: List[float],
coeff: complex,
pauli: str,
ansatz: pyquil.Program,
creg: pyquil.quilatom.MemoryReference,
computer: pyquil.api.QuantumComputer,
shots: int = 10000,
verbose: bool = False) -> float:
"""Returns coeff * <\theta| paulii |\theta>.
Args:
angles: List of angles at which to evaluate coeff * <theta| pauli |theta>.
coeff: Coefficient of Pauli term.
pauli: Pauli string.
ansatz: pyQuil program representing the ansatz state.
creg: Classical register of ansatz to measure into.
computer: QuantumComputer to execute the circuit on.
shots: Number of times to execute the circuit (sampling statistics).
verbose: Option for visualization/debugging.
"""
if np.isclose(np.imag(coeff), 0.0):
coeff = np.real(coeff)
if set(pauli) == {"I"}:
return coeff
angles = list(angles)
angles = deepcopy(angles)
if verbose:
print("DEBUG holy f**k")
print(f"type(angles) = {type(angles)}")
print("angles =", angles)
# Set up the circuit
circuit = ansatz.copy()
qubits = computer.qubits()
measured = []
for (q, p) in enumerate(pauli):
if p in ("X", "Y", "Z"):
measured.append(qubits[q])
if p == "X":
circuit += [gates.H(qubits[q]), gates.MEASURE(qubits[q], creg[q])]
elif p == "Y":
circuit += [
gates.S(qubits[q]),
gates.H(qubits[q]),
gates.MEASURE(qubits[q], creg[q])
]
elif p == "Z":
circuit += [gates.MEASURE(qubits[q], creg[q])]
if verbose:
print(f"Computing {coeff} x <theta|{pauli}|theta>...")
print("\nCircuit to be executed:")
print(circuit)
print(f"type(angles) = {type(angles)}")
# Execute the circuit
circuit.wrap_in_numshots_loop(shots)
executable = computer.compile(circuit)
res = computer.run(executable, memory_map={"theta": angles})
if verbose:
print("\nResults:")
print(f"{len(res)} total measured bit strings.")
print(res)
# Do the postprocessing
tot = 0.0
for vals in res:
tot += (-1)**sum(vals)
return coeff * tot / shots
# Squash the group into one Pauli string to determine the correct measurements
# Note this is only possible by assumption that the group is simultaneously measurable
squashed = squash(paulis)
# Add the right rotation + measurement operators to the ansatz
circuit = ansatz.copy()
qubits = computer.qubits()
to_measure = []
for (q, p) in enumerate(squashed):
if p in ("X", "Y", "Z"):
to_measure.append(q)
if p == "X":
circuit += [gates.H(qubits[q])]
elif p == "Y":
circuit += [gates.S(qubits[q]), gates.H(qubits[q])]
# Add the terminal measurements
# Note we do it this way since all measurements *must* be at the end of the circuit on hardware
for q in to_measure:
circuit += [gates.MEASURE(qubits[q], creg[q])]
# Execute the circuit
circuit.wrap_in_numshots_loop(shots)
executable = computer.compile(circuit)
res = computer.run(executable, memory_map={"theta": angles})
# Do the postprocessing
supports = [support(pauli) for pauli in paulis]
total = 0.0
for ii in range(len(supports)):