def test_against_ref_qft_8():
p = Program(QFT_8_INSTRUCTIONS)
qam = PyQVM(n_qubits=8,
quantum_simulator_type=ReferenceWavefunctionSimulator)
qam.execute(p)
wf = qam.wf_simulator.wf
np.testing.assert_allclose(QFT_8_WF_PROBS, wf)
def test_qaoa_circuit():
wf_true = [
0.00167784 + 1.00210180e-05 * 1j,
0.50000000 - 4.99997185e-01 * 1j,
0.50000000 - 4.99997185e-01 * 1j,
0.00167784 + 1.00210180e-05 * 1j,
]
prog = Program()
prog.inst(
[
RY(np.pi / 2, 0),
RX(np.pi, 0),
RY(np.pi / 2, 1),
RX(np.pi, 1),
CNOT(0, 1),
RX(-np.pi / 2, 1),
RY(4.71572463191, 1),
RX(np.pi / 2, 1),
CNOT(0, 1),
RX(-2 * 2.74973750579, 0),
RX(-2 * 2.74973750579, 1),
]
)
qam = PyQVM(n_qubits=2, quantum_simulator_type=ReferenceWavefunctionSimulator)
qam.execute(prog)
wf = qam.wf_simulator.wf
np.testing.assert_allclose(wf_true, wf, atol=1e-8)
def test_sample_bitstrings():
prog = Program(H(0), H(1))
qam = PyQVM(n_qubits=3, quantum_simulator_type=NumpyWavefunctionSimulator, seed=52)
qam.execute(prog)
bitstrings = qam.wf_simulator.sample_bitstrings(10000)
assert bitstrings.shape == (10000, 3)
np.testing.assert_allclose([0.5, 0.5, 0], np.mean(bitstrings, axis=0), rtol=1e-2)
def test_einsum_simulator_1():
prog = Program(H(0), CNOT(0, 1))
qam = PyQVM(n_qubits=2, quantum_simulator_type=NumpyWavefunctionSimulator)
qam.execute(prog)
wf = qam.wf_simulator.wf
np.testing.assert_allclose(
wf, 1 / np.sqrt(2) * np.reshape([1, 0, 0, 1], (2, 2)))
def test_exp_circuit():
true_wf = np.array(
[
0.54030231 - 0.84147098j,
0.00000000 + 0.0j,
0.00000000 + 0.0j,
0.00000000 + 0.0j,
0.00000000 + 0.0j,
0.00000000 + 0.0j,
0.00000000 + 0.0j,
0.00000000 + 0.0j,
]
)
create2kill1 = PauliTerm("X", 1, -0.25) * PauliTerm("Y", 2)
create2kill1 += PauliTerm("Y", 1, 0.25) * PauliTerm("Y", 2)
create2kill1 += PauliTerm("Y", 1, 0.25) * PauliTerm("X", 2)
create2kill1 += PauliTerm("X", 1, 0.25) * PauliTerm("X", 2)
create2kill1 += PauliTerm("I", 0, 1.0)
prog = Program()
for term in create2kill1.terms:
single_exp_prog = exponentiate(term)
prog += single_exp_prog
qam = PyQVM(n_qubits=3, quantum_simulator_type=ReferenceWavefunctionSimulator)
qam.execute(prog)
wf = qam.wf_simulator.wf
np.testing.assert_allclose(wf.dot(np.conj(wf).T), true_wf.dot(np.conj(true_wf).T))
def test_einsum_simulator_CCNOT():
prog = Program(X(2), X(0), CCNOT(2, 1, 0))
qam = PyQVM(n_qubits=3, quantum_simulator_type=NumpyWavefunctionSimulator)
qam.execute(prog)
wf = qam.wf_simulator.wf
should_be = np.zeros((2, 2, 2))
should_be[1, 0, 1] = 1
np.testing.assert_allclose(wf, should_be)
def test_bell_state():
prog = Program().inst([H(0), CNOT(0, 1)])
qam = PyQVM(n_qubits=2, quantum_simulator_type=ReferenceWavefunctionSimulator)
qam.execute(prog)
wf = qam.wf_simulator.wf
ref_bell = np.zeros(4)
ref_bell[0] = ref_bell[-1] = 1.0 / np.sqrt(2)
np.testing.assert_allclose(ref_bell, wf)
def test_occupation_basis():
prog = Program().inst([X(0), X(1), I(2), I(3)])
state = np.zeros(2 ** 4)
state[3] = 1.0
qam = PyQVM(n_qubits=4, quantum_simulator_type=ReferenceWavefunctionSimulator)
qam.execute(prog)
np.testing.assert_allclose(state, qam.wf_simulator.wf)
def test_kraus_application_bitflip():
p = 0.372
qam = PyQVM(n_qubits=1, quantum_simulator_type=ReferenceDensitySimulator,
post_gate_noise_probabilities={'bit_flip': p})
initial_density = _random_1q_density()
qam.wf_simulator.density = initial_density
qam.execute(Program(I(0)))
final_density = (1 - p) * initial_density + p * qmats.X.dot(initial_density).dot(qmats.X)
np.testing.assert_allclose(final_density, qam.wf_simulator.density)
def test_kraus_application_dephasing():
p = 0.372
qam = PyQVM(n_qubits=1, quantum_simulator_type=ReferenceDensitySimulator,
post_gate_noise_probabilities={'dephasing': p})
rho = _random_1q_density()
qam.wf_simulator.density = rho
qam.execute(Program(I(0)))
final_density = np.array([[rho[0, 0], (1 - p) * rho[0, 1]],
[(1 - p) * rho[1, 0], rho[1, 1]]])
np.testing.assert_allclose(final_density, qam.wf_simulator.density)
def test_einsum_simulator_10q():
prog = Program(H(0))
for i in range(10 - 1):
prog += CNOT(i, i + 1)
qam = PyQVM(n_qubits=10, quantum_simulator_type=NumpyWavefunctionSimulator)
qam.execute(prog)
wf = qam.wf_simulator.wf
should_be = np.zeros((2, ) * 10)
should_be[0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0] = 1 / np.sqrt(2)
should_be[1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1] = 1 / np.sqrt(2)
np.testing.assert_allclose(wf, should_be)
def test_measure():
qam = PyQVM(n_qubits=3, quantum_simulator_type=NumpyWavefunctionSimulator)
qam.execute(Program(Declare("ro", "BIT", 64), H(0), CNOT(0, 1), MEASURE(0, MemoryReference("ro", 63))))
measured_bit = qam.ram["ro"][-1]
should_be = np.zeros((2, 2, 2))
if measured_bit == 1:
should_be[1, 1, 0] = 1
else:
should_be[0, 0, 0] = 1
np.testing.assert_allclose(qam.wf_simulator.wf, should_be)
def test_kraus_application_depolarizing():
p = 0.372
qam = PyQVM(n_qubits=1, quantum_simulator_type=ReferenceDensitySimulator,
post_gate_noise_probabilities={'depolarizing': p})
rho = _random_1q_density()
qam.wf_simulator.density = rho
qam.execute(Program(I(0)))
final_density = (1 - p) * rho + (p / 3) * (qmats.X.dot(rho).dot(qmats.X)
+ qmats.Y.dot(rho).dot(qmats.Y)
+ qmats.Z.dot(rho).dot(qmats.Z))
np.testing.assert_allclose(final_density, qam.wf_simulator.density)
def test_if_then_2():
# if FALSE creg, then measure 0 should give 1
prog = Program()
creg = prog.declare("creg", "BIT")
prog.inst(MOVE(creg, 0), X(0))
branch_a = Program(X(0))
branch_b = Program()
prog.if_then(creg, branch_a, branch_b)
prog += MEASURE(0, creg)
qam = PyQVM(n_qubits=1, quantum_simulator_type=ReferenceWavefunctionSimulator)
qam.execute(prog)
assert qam.ram["creg"][0] == 1
def test_kraus_compound_T1T2_application():
p1 = 0.372
p2 = 0.45
qam = PyQVM(n_qubits=1, quantum_simulator_type=ReferenceDensitySimulator,
post_gate_noise_probabilities={'relaxation': p1,
'dephasing': p2})
rho = _random_1q_density()
qam.wf_simulator.density = rho
qam.execute(Program(I(0)))
final_density = np.array([[rho[0, 0] + rho[1, 1] * p1, (1 - p2) * np.sqrt(1 - p1) * rho[0, 1]],
[(1 - p2) * np.sqrt(1 - p1) * rho[1, 0], (1 - p1) * rho[1, 1]]])
np.testing.assert_allclose(final_density, qam.wf_simulator.density)
def test_while():
init_register = Program()
classical_flag_register = init_register.declare("classical_flag_register", "BIT")
init_register += MOVE(classical_flag_register, True)
loop_body = Program(X(0), H(0)).measure(0, classical_flag_register)
# Put it all together in a loop program:
loop_prog = init_register.while_do(classical_flag_register, loop_body)
qam = PyQVM(n_qubits=1, quantum_simulator_type=ReferenceWavefunctionSimulator)
qam.execute(loop_prog)
assert qam.ram[classical_flag_register.name][0] == 0
def test_generate_arbitrary_states(arbitrary_state):
prog, v = arbitrary_state
prog = Program(prog)
qam = PyQVM(n_qubits=8, quantum_simulator_type=ReferenceWavefunctionSimulator)
qam.execute(prog)
wf = qam.wf_simulator.wf
# check actual part of wavefunction
np.testing.assert_allclose(v, wf[: len(v)], atol=1e-10)
# check remaining zeros part of wavefunction
np.testing.assert_allclose(np.zeros(wf.shape[0] - len(v)), wf[len(v) :])
def test_vs_lisp_qvm(qvm, n_qubits, prog_length):
for _ in range(10):
prog = _generate_random_program(n_qubits=n_qubits, length=prog_length)
lisp_wf = WavefunctionSimulator()
# force lisp wfs to allocate all qubits
lisp_wf = lisp_wf.wavefunction(Program(I(q) for q in range(n_qubits)) + prog)
lisp_wf = lisp_wf.amplitudes
ref_qam = PyQVM(n_qubits=n_qubits, quantum_simulator_type=ReferenceWavefunctionSimulator)
ref_qam.execute(prog)
ref_wf = ref_qam.wf_simulator.wf
np.testing.assert_allclose(lisp_wf, ref_wf, atol=1e-15)
def test_if_then():
# if TRUE creg, then measure 0 should give 0
prog = Program()
creg = prog.declare('creg', 'BIT')
prog.inst(MOVE(creg, 1), X(0))
branch_a = Program(X(0))
branch_b = Program()
prog.if_then(creg, branch_a, branch_b)
prog += MEASURE(0, creg)
qam = PyQVM(n_qubits=1,
quantum_simulator_type=ReferenceWavefunctionSimulator)
qam.execute(prog)
assert qam.ram['creg'][0] == 0
def test_vs_ref_simulator(n_qubits, prog_length, include_measures):
if include_measures:
seed = 52
else:
seed = None
for _ in range(10):
prog = _generate_random_program(n_qubits=n_qubits,
length=prog_length,
include_measures=include_measures)
ref_qam = PyQVM(n_qubits=n_qubits,
seed=seed,
quantum_simulator_type=ReferenceWavefunctionSimulator)
ref_qam.execute(prog)
ref_wf = ref_qam.wf_simulator.wf
es_qam = PyQVM(n_qubits=n_qubits,
seed=seed,
quantum_simulator_type=NumpyWavefunctionSimulator)
es_qam.execute(prog)
es_wf = es_qam.wf_simulator.wf
# einsum has its wavefunction as a vector of shape (2, 2, 2, ...) where qubits are indexed
# from left to right. We transpose then flatten.
es_wf = es_wf.transpose().reshape(-1)
np.testing.assert_allclose(ref_wf, es_wf, atol=1e-15)
def test_defgate():
# regression test for https://github.com/rigetti/pyquil/issues/1059
theta = np.pi / 2
U = np.array([[1, 0, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0, 0],
[0, 0, np.cos(theta / 2), -1j * np.sin(theta / 2)],
[0, 0, -1j * np.sin(theta / 2),
np.cos(theta / 2)]])
gate_definition = DefGate('U_test', U)
U_test = gate_definition.get_constructor()
p = Program()
p += gate_definition
p += X(1)
p += U_test(1, 0)
qam = PyQVM(n_qubits=2, quantum_simulator_type=NumpyWavefunctionSimulator)
qam.execute(p)
wf1 = qam.wf_simulator.wf
should_be = np.zeros((2, 2), dtype=np.complex128)
one_over_sqrt2 = 1 / np.sqrt(2)
should_be[0, 1] = one_over_sqrt2
should_be[1, 1] = -1j * one_over_sqrt2
np.testing.assert_allclose(wf1, should_be)
# Ensure the output of the custom U_test gate matches the standard RX gate. Something like
# RX(theta, 0).controlled(1) would be a more faithful reproduction of U_test, but
# NumpyWavefunctionSimulator doesn't (yet) support gate modifiers, so just apply the RX gate
# unconditionally.
p = Program()
p += X(1)
p += RX(theta, 0)
qam = PyQVM(n_qubits=2, quantum_simulator_type=NumpyWavefunctionSimulator)
qam.execute(p)
wf2 = qam.wf_simulator.wf
np.testing.assert_allclose(wf1, wf2)
def test_measure_bitstrings(client_configuration: QCSClientConfiguration):
quantum_processor = NxQuantumProcessor(nx.complete_graph(2))
dummy_compiler = DummyCompiler(quantum_processor=quantum_processor,
client_configuration=client_configuration)
qc_pyqvm = QuantumComputer(name="testy!",
qam=PyQVM(n_qubits=2),
compiler=dummy_compiler)
qc_forest = QuantumComputer(
name="testy!",
qam=QVM(client_configuration=client_configuration,
gate_noise=(0.00, 0.00, 0.00)),
compiler=dummy_compiler,
)
prog = Program(I(0), I(1))
meas_qubits = [0, 1]
sym_progs, flip_array = _symmetrization(prog, meas_qubits, symm_type=-1)
results = _measure_bitstrings(qc_pyqvm,
sym_progs,
meas_qubits,
num_shots=1)
# test with pyQVM
answer = [
np.array([[0, 0]]),
np.array([[0, 1]]),
np.array([[1, 0]]),
np.array([[1, 1]])
]
assert all([np.allclose(x, y) for x, y in zip(results, answer)])
# test with regular QVM
results = _measure_bitstrings(qc_forest,
sym_progs,
meas_qubits,
num_shots=1)
assert all([np.allclose(x, y) for x, y in zip(results, answer)])
def test_larger_qaoa_density():
prog = Program(H(0), H(1), H(2), H(3), X(0), PHASE(0.3928244130249029, 0),
X(0), PHASE(0.3928244130249029, 0), CNOT(0, 1),
RZ(0.78564882604980579, 1), CNOT(0, 1), X(0),
PHASE(0.3928244130249029, 0), X(0),
PHASE(0.3928244130249029, 0), CNOT(0, 3),
RZ(0.78564882604980579, 3), CNOT(0, 3), X(0),
PHASE(0.3928244130249029, 0), X(0),
PHASE(0.3928244130249029, 0), CNOT(1, 2),
RZ(0.78564882604980579, 2), CNOT(1, 2), X(0),
PHASE(0.3928244130249029, 0), X(0),
PHASE(0.3928244130249029, 0), CNOT(2, 3),
RZ(0.78564882604980579, 3), CNOT(2, 3), H(0),
RZ(-0.77868204192240842, 0), H(0), H(1),
RZ(-0.77868204192240842, 1), H(1), H(2),
RZ(-0.77868204192240842, 2), H(2), H(3),
RZ(-0.77868204192240842, 3), H(3))
qam = PyQVM(n_qubits=4, quantum_simulator_type=ReferenceDensitySimulator) \
.execute(prog)
rho_test = qam.wf_simulator.density
wf_true = np.array([
8.43771693e-05 - 0.1233845 * 1j, -1.24927731e-01 + 0.00329533 * 1j,
-1.24927731e-01 + 0.00329533 * 1j, -2.50040954e-01 + 0.12661547 * 1j,
-1.24927731e-01 + 0.00329533 * 1j, -4.99915497e-01 - 0.12363516 * 1j,
-2.50040954e-01 + 0.12661547 * 1j, -1.24927731e-01 + 0.00329533 * 1j,
-1.24927731e-01 + 0.00329533 * 1j, -2.50040954e-01 + 0.12661547 * 1j,
-4.99915497e-01 - 0.12363516 * 1j, -1.24927731e-01 + 0.00329533 * 1j,
-2.50040954e-01 + 0.12661547 * 1j, -1.24927731e-01 + 0.00329533 * 1j,
-1.24927731e-01 + 0.00329533 * 1j, 8.43771693e-05 - 0.1233845 * 1j
])
wf_true = np.reshape(wf_true, (2**4, 1))
rho_true = np.dot(wf_true, np.conj(wf_true).T)
np.testing.assert_allclose(rho_true, rho_test, atol=1e-8)
def test_qaoa_density():
wf_true = [
0.00167784 + 1.00210180e-05 * 1j, 0.50000000 - 4.99997185e-01 * 1j,
0.50000000 - 4.99997185e-01 * 1j, 0.00167784 + 1.00210180e-05 * 1j
]
wf_true = np.reshape(np.array(wf_true), (4, 1))
rho_true = np.dot(wf_true, np.conj(wf_true).T)
prog = Program()
prog.inst([
RY(np.pi / 2, 0),
RX(np.pi, 0),
RY(np.pi / 2, 1),
RX(np.pi, 1),
CNOT(0, 1),
RX(-np.pi / 2, 1),
RY(4.71572463191, 1),
RX(np.pi / 2, 1),
CNOT(0, 1),
RX(-2 * 2.74973750579, 0),
RX(-2 * 2.74973750579, 1)
])
qam = PyQVM(n_qubits=2, quantum_simulator_type=ReferenceDensitySimulator) \
.execute(prog)
rho = qam.wf_simulator.density
np.testing.assert_allclose(rho_true, rho, atol=1e-8)
class NumpyWavefunctionDevice(WavefunctionDevice):
r"""NumpyWavefunction simulator device for PennyLane.
Args:
wires (int): the number of qubits to initialize the device in
shots (int): Number of circuit evaluations/random samples used
to estimate expectation values of observables.
"""
name = "pyQVM NumpyWavefunction Simulator Device"
short_name = "forest.numpy_wavefunction"
observables = {"PauliX", "PauliY", "PauliZ", "Hadamard", "Hermitian", "Identity"}
def __init__(self, wires, *, shots=1000, analytic=True, **kwargs):
super(WavefunctionDevice, self).__init__(wires, shots, analytic, **kwargs)
self.qc = PyQVM(n_qubits=wires, quantum_simulator_type=NumpyWavefunctionSimulator)
self.state = None
def pre_apply(self):
self.reset()
self.qc.wf_simulator.reset()
def pre_measure(self):
# TODO: currently, the PyQVM considers qubit 0 as the leftmost bit and therefore
# returns amplitudes in the opposite of the Rigetti Lisp QVM (which considers qubit
# 0 as the rightmost bit). This may change in the future, so in the future this
# might need to get udpated to be similar to the pre_measure function of
# pennylane_forest/wavefunction.py
self.state = self.qc.execute(self.prog).wf_simulator.wf.flatten()
class NumpyWavefunctionDevice(ForestDevice):
r"""NumpyWavefunction simulator device for PennyLane.
Args:
wires (int or Iterable[Number, str]]): Number of subsystems represented by the device,
or iterable that contains unique labels for the subsystems as numbers (i.e., ``[-1, 0, 2]``)
or strings (``['ancilla', 'q1', 'q2']``).
shots (int): Number of circuit evaluations/random samples used
to estimate expectation values of observables.
"""
name = "pyQVM NumpyWavefunction Simulator Device"
short_name = "forest.numpy_wavefunction"
observables = {
"PauliX", "PauliY", "PauliZ", "Hadamard", "Hermitian", "Identity"
}
def __init__(self, wires, *, shots=None, **kwargs):
super().__init__(wires, shots, **kwargs)
self.qc = PyQVM(n_qubits=len(self.wires),
quantum_simulator_type=NumpyWavefunctionSimulator)
self._state = None
def apply(self, operations, **kwargs):
self.reset()
self.qc.wf_simulator.reset()
super().apply(operations, **kwargs)
# TODO: currently, the PyQVM considers qubit 0 as the leftmost bit and therefore
# returns amplitudes in the opposite of the Rigetti Lisp QVM (which considers qubit
# 0 as the rightmost bit). This may change in the future, so in the future this
# might need to get udpated to be similar to the pre_measure function of
# pennylane_forest/wavefunction.py
self._state = self.qc.execute(self.prog).wf_simulator.wf.flatten()
def test_for_negative_probabilities():
# trivial program to do state tomography on
prog = Program(I(0))
# make TomographyExperiment
expt_settings = [ExperimentSetting(zeros_state([0]), pt) for pt in [sI(0), sX(0), sY(0), sZ(0)]]
experiment_1q = TomographyExperiment(settings=expt_settings, program=prog)
# make a quantum computer object
device = NxDevice(nx.complete_graph(1))
qc_density = QuantumComputer(
name="testy!",
qam=PyQVM(n_qubits=1, quantum_simulator_type=ReferenceDensitySimulator),
device=device,
compiler=DummyCompiler(),
)
# initialize with a pure state
initial_density = np.array([[1.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0]])
qc_density.qam.wf_simulator.density = initial_density
try:
list(measure_observables(qc=qc_density, tomo_experiment=experiment_1q, n_shots=3000))
except ValueError as e:
# the error is from np.random.choice by way of self.rs.choice in ReferenceDensitySimulator
assert str(e) != "probabilities are not non-negative"
# initialize with a mixed state
initial_density = np.array([[0.9, 0.0], [0.0, 0.1]])
qc_density.qam.wf_simulator.density = initial_density
try:
list(measure_observables(qc=qc_density, tomo_experiment=experiment_1q, n_shots=3000))
except ValueError as e:
assert str(e) != "probabilities are not non-negative"
def test_measure_bitstrings(forest):
device = NxDevice(nx.complete_graph(2))
qc_pyqvm = QuantumComputer(name='testy!',
qam=PyQVM(n_qubits=2),
device=device,
compiler=DummyCompiler())
qc_forest = QuantumComputer(name='testy!',
qam=QVM(connection=forest,
gate_noise=[0.00] * 3),
device=device,
compiler=DummyCompiler())
prog = Program(I(0), I(1))
meas_qubits = [0, 1]
sym_progs, flip_array = _symmetrization(prog, meas_qubits, symm_type=-1)
results = _measure_bitstrings(qc_pyqvm,
sym_progs,
meas_qubits,
num_shots=1)
# test with pyQVM
answer = [
np.array([[0, 0]]),
np.array([[0, 1]]),
np.array([[1, 0]]),
np.array([[1, 1]])
]
assert all([np.allclose(x, y) for x, y in zip(results, answer)])
# test with regular QVM
results = _measure_bitstrings(qc_forest,
sym_progs,
meas_qubits,
num_shots=1)
assert all([np.allclose(x, y) for x, y in zip(results, answer)])
def test_kraus_application_relaxation():
p = 0.372
qam = PyQVM(
n_qubits=1,
quantum_simulator_type=ReferenceDensitySimulator,
post_gate_noise_probabilities={"relaxation": p},
)
rho = _random_1q_density()
qam.wf_simulator.density = rho
qam.execute_once(Program(I(0)))
final_density = np.array([
[rho[0, 0] + rho[1, 1] * p,
np.sqrt(1 - p) * rho[0, 1]],
[np.sqrt(1 - p) * rho[1, 0], (1 - p) * rho[1, 1]],
])
np.testing.assert_allclose(final_density, qam.wf_simulator.density)
def _get_qvm_or_pyqvm(qvm_type, connection, noise_model=None, device=None,
requires_executable=False):
if qvm_type == 'qvm':
return QVM(connection=connection, noise_model=noise_model,
requires_executable=requires_executable)
elif qvm_type == 'pyqvm':
return PyQVM(n_qubits=device.qubit_topology().number_of_nodes())
raise ValueError("Unknown qvm type {}".format(qvm_type))
