def custom_noise_configuration(remote_backend=_REMOTE_BACKEND_NAME):
logger.info('Produce custom noise configuration')
logger.info('Loading IBM account...')
before = datetime.now()
provider = IBMQ.load_account()
delta = datetime.now() - before
logger.info('IBM account loaded ({} s)'.format(delta.total_seconds()))
device = provider.get_backend(remote_backend)
coupling_map = device.configuration().coupling_map
# QuantumError objects
error_reset = pauli_error([('X', _P_RESET), ('I', 1 - _P_RESET)])
error_meas = pauli_error([('X', _P_MEAS), ('I', 1 - _P_MEAS)])
error_gate1 = pauli_error([('X', _P_GATE1), ('I', 1 - _P_GATE1)])
error_gate2 = error_gate1.tensor(error_gate1)
# Add errors to noise model
noise_bit_flip = NoiseModel()
noise_bit_flip.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(error_reset, "reset")
noise_bit_flip.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(error_meas, "measure")
noise_bit_flip.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(error_gate1, ["u1", "u2", "u3"])
noise_bit_flip.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(error_gate2, ["cx"])
return (noise_bit_flip, coupling_map)
def calculateEnergy(self, transpiledCircuit):
if self.useNoiseModel == True:
p_reset = 0.003
p_meas = 0.01
p_gate1 = 0.05
# QuantumError objects
error_reset = pauli_error([('X', p_reset), ('I', 1 - p_reset)])
error_meas = pauli_error([('X', p_meas), ('I', 1 - p_meas)])
error_gate1 = pauli_error([('X', p_gate1), ('I', 1 - p_gate1)])
error_gate2 = error_gate1.tensor(error_gate1)
noise_bit_flip = NoiseModel()
noise_bit_flip.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(error_reset, "reset")
noise_bit_flip.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(error_meas, "measure")
noise_bit_flip.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(error_gate1, ["u1", "u2", "u3"])
noise_bit_flip.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(error_gate2, ["cx"])
simulator = QasmSimulator()
job = execute(transpiledCircuit, backend=simulator, basis_gates=noise_bit_flip.basis_gates, noise_model=noise_bit_flip)
results = job.result()
counts = results.get_counts()
_paulis, sgift = get_pauliList(self.ising, self.qubits)
_basis = [(pauli[1], [i]) for i, pauli in enumerate(_paulis)]
num_shots = sum(list(results.get_counts().values()))
results = parallel_map(WeightedPauliOperator._routine_compute_mean_and_var,
[([_paulis[idx] for idx in indices],
results.get_counts())
for basis, indices in _basis],
num_processes=aqua_globals.num_processes)
return results[0][0]
else:
_paulis, sgift = get_pauliList(self.ising, self.qubits)
_basis = [(pauli[1], [i]) for i, pauli in enumerate(_paulis)]
job = execute(transpiledCircuit, backend=self.backend)
results = job.result()
counts = results.get_counts()
num_shots = sum(list(results.get_counts().values()))
results = parallel_map(WeightedPauliOperator._routine_compute_mean_and_var,
[([_paulis[idx] for idx in indices],
results.get_counts())
for basis, indices in _basis],
num_processes=aqua_globals.num_processes)
return results[0][0]
def test_process_characterisation_complete_noise_model() -> None:
my_noise_model = NoiseModel()
readout_error_0 = 0.2
readout_error_1 = 0.3
my_noise_model.add_readout_error(
[
[1 - readout_error_0, readout_error_0],
[readout_error_0, 1 - readout_error_0],
],
[0],
)
my_noise_model.add_readout_error(
[
[1 - readout_error_1, readout_error_1],
[readout_error_1, 1 - readout_error_1],
],
[1],
)
my_noise_model.add_quantum_error(depolarizing_error(0.6, 2), ["cx"],
[0, 1])
my_noise_model.add_quantum_error(depolarizing_error(0.5, 1), ["u3"], [0])
my_noise_model.add_quantum_error(pauli_error([("X", 0.35), ("Z", 0.65)]),
["u2"], [0])
my_noise_model.add_quantum_error(pauli_error([("X", 0.35), ("Y", 0.65)]),
["u1"], [0])
back = AerBackend(my_noise_model)
char = cast(Dict[str, Any], back.characterisation)
dev = Device(
char.get("NodeErrors", {}),
char.get("EdgeErrors", {}),
char.get("Architecture", Architecture([])),
)
assert char["GenericTwoQubitQErrors"][(0, 1)][0][1][0] == 0.0375
assert char["GenericTwoQubitQErrors"][(0, 1)][0][1][15] == 0.4375
assert char["GenericOneQubitQErrors"][0][0][1][0] == 0.125
assert char["GenericOneQubitQErrors"][0][0][1][3] == 0.625
assert char["GenericOneQubitQErrors"][0][1][1][0] == 0.35
assert char["GenericOneQubitQErrors"][0][1][1][1] == 0.65
assert char["GenericOneQubitQErrors"][0][2][1][0] == 0.35
assert char["GenericOneQubitQErrors"][0][2][1][1] == 0.65
assert dev.get_error(OpType.U3, dev.nodes[0]) == 0.375
assert dev.get_error(OpType.CX, (dev.nodes[0], dev.nodes[1])) == 0.5625
assert dev.get_error(OpType.CX, (dev.nodes[1], dev.nodes[0])) == 0.80859375
assert char["ReadoutErrors"][0] == [[0.8, 0.2], [0.2, 0.8]]
assert char["ReadoutErrors"][1] == [[0.7, 0.3], [0.3, 0.7]]
def get_noise(noisy):
"""Returns a noise model when input is not False or None.
A string will be interpreted as the name of a backend, and the noise model of this will be extracted.
A float will be interpreted as an error probability for a depolarizing+measurement error model.
Anything else (such as True) will give the depolarizing+measurement error model with default error probabilities."""
if noisy:
if type(noisy) is str: # get noise information from a real device (via the IBM Q Experience)
device = get_backend(noisy)
noise_model = noise.device.basic_device_noise_model( device.properties() )
else: # make a simple noise model for a given noise strength
if type(noisy) is float:
p_meas = noisy
p_gate1 = noisy
else: # default values
p_meas = 0.08
p_gate1 = 0.04
error_meas = pauli_error([('X',p_meas), ('I', 1 - p_meas)]) # bit flip error with prob p_meas
error_gate1 = depolarizing_error(p_gate1, 1) # replaces qubit state with nonsense with prob p_gate1
error_gate2 = error_gate1.kron(error_gate1) # as above, but independently on two qubits
noise_model = NoiseModel()
noise_model.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(error_meas, "measure") # add bit flip noise to measurement
noise_model.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(error_gate1, ["u1", "u2", "u3"]) # add depolarising to single qubit gates
noise_model.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(error_gate2, ["cx"]) # add two qubit depolarising to two qubit gates
else:
noise_model = None
return noise_model
def test_backend_method_clifford_circuits_and_pauli_noise(self):
"""Test statevector method is used for Clifford circuit"""
# Noise Model
error = pauli_error([['XX', 0.5], ['II', 0.5]], standard_gates=True)
noise_model = NoiseModel()
noise_model.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(error, ['cz', 'cx'])
# Test circuits
shots = 100
circuits = ref_2q_clifford.cz_gate_circuits_deterministic(
final_measure=True)
qobj = compile(circuits, self.SIMULATOR, shots=shots)
def get_result():
return self.SIMULATOR.run(
qobj,
backend_options=self.BACKEND_OPTS,
noise_model=noise_model).result()
# Check simulation method
method = self.BACKEND_OPTS.get('method')
result = self.SIMULATOR.run(
qobj, backend_options=self.BACKEND_OPTS).result()
self.is_completed(result)
if method == 'statevector':
self.compare_result_metadata(result, circuits, 'method',
'statevector')
else:
self.compare_result_metadata(result, circuits, 'method',
'stabilizer')
def get_noise_model(p_err):
error_gate1 = pauli_error([("X", p_err / 2), ("Z", p_err / 2), ("I", 1 - p_err)])
noise_model = NoiseModel()
noise_model.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(error_gate1, "id")
return noise_model
def test_backend_method_nonclifford_circuit_and_unitary_noise(self):
"""Test statevector method is used for Clifford circuit"""
# Noise Model
error = pauli_error([['XX', 0.5], ['II', 0.5]], standard_gates=False)
noise_model = NoiseModel()
noise_model.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(error, ['cz', 'cx'])
# Test circuits
shots = 100
circuits = ref_non_clifford.ccx_gate_circuits_deterministic(
final_measure=True)
qobj = assemble(circuits, self.SIMULATOR, shots=shots)
result = self.SIMULATOR.run(qobj,
backend_options=self.BACKEND_OPTS,
noise_model=noise_model).result()
success = getattr(result, 'success', False)
# Check simulation method
method = self.BACKEND_OPTS.get('method', 'automatic')
if method == 'stabilizer':
self.assertFalse(success)
else:
self.assertTrue(success)
if method == 'automatic':
target_method = 'density_matrix'
else:
target_method = method
self.compare_result_metadata(result, circuits, 'method',
target_method)
def get_noise(p_meas, p_gate):
error_meas = pauli_error([('X', p_meas), ('I', 1 - p_meas)])
error_gate1 = depolarizing_error(p_gate, 1)
error_gate2 = error_gate1.tensor(error_gate1)
noise_model = NoiseModel()
noise_model.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(error_meas, "measure")
noise_model.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(error_gate1, ["x"])
noise_model.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(error_gate2, ["cx"])
return noise_model
def get_noise(p_meas, p_gate):
"""Define a noise model."""
error_meas = pauli_error([("X", p_meas), ("I", 1 - p_meas)])
error_gate1 = depolarizing_error(p_gate, 1)
error_gate2 = error_gate1.tensor(error_gate1)
noise_model = NoiseModel()
noise_model.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(error_meas, "measure")
noise_model.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(error_gate1, ["u1", "u2", "u3"])
noise_model.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(error_gate2, ["cx"])
return noise_model
def get_noise(p_meas,p_gate):
error_meas = pauli_error([('X',p_meas), ('I', 1 - p_meas)])
error_gate1 = depolarizing_error(p_gate, 1)
error_gate2 = error_gate1.tensor(error_gate1)
noise_model = NoiseModel()
noise_model.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(error_meas, "measure") # measurement error is applied to measurements
noise_model.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(error_gate1, ["x"]) # single qubit gate error is applied to x gates
noise_model.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(error_gate2, ["cx"]) # two qubit gate error is applied to cx gates
return noise_model
def test_process_characterisation_incomplete_noise_model() -> None:
my_noise_model = NoiseModel()
my_noise_model.add_quantum_error(depolarizing_error(0.6, 2), ["cx"],
[0, 1])
my_noise_model.add_quantum_error(depolarizing_error(0.5, 1), ["u3"], [1])
my_noise_model.add_quantum_error(depolarizing_error(0.1, 1), ["u3"], [3])
my_noise_model.add_quantum_error(pauli_error([("X", 0.35), ("Z", 0.65)]),
["u2"], [0])
my_noise_model.add_quantum_error(pauli_error([("X", 0.35), ("Y", 0.65)]),
["u1"], [2])
back = AerBackend(my_noise_model)
char = cast(Dict[str, Any], back.characterisation)
c = Circuit(4).CX(0, 1).H(2).CX(2, 1).H(3).CX(0, 3).H(1).X(0).measure_all()
back.compile_circuit(c)
assert back.valid_circuit(c)
dev = Device(
char.get("NodeErrors", {}),
char.get("EdgeErrors", {}),
char.get("Architecture", Architecture([])),
)
nodes = dev.nodes
assert set(dev.architecture.coupling) == set([
(nodes[0], nodes[1]),
(nodes[0], nodes[2]),
(nodes[0], nodes[3]),
(nodes[1], nodes[2]),
(nodes[1], nodes[3]),
(nodes[2], nodes[0]),
(nodes[2], nodes[1]),
(nodes[2], nodes[3]),
(nodes[3], nodes[0]),
(nodes[3], nodes[1]),
(nodes[3], nodes[2]),
])
def get_noise_model(p_err):
error_gate1 = pauli_error([("X", p_err / 2), ("Z", p_err / 2),
("I", 1 - p_err)])
error_gate2 = error_gate1.tensor(error_gate1)
noise_model = NoiseModel()
noise_model.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(
error_gate1, "measure") # measurement error is applied to measurements
noise_model.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(
error_gate1,
["u1", "u2", "u3"]) # single qubit gate error is applied to x gates
noise_model.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(
error_gate2, ["cx"]) # two qubit gate error is applied to cx gates
return noise_model
def test_auto_method_clifford_circuits_and_unitary_noise(self):
"""Test statevector method is used for Clifford circuit"""
# Noise Model
error = pauli_error([['XX', 0.5], ['II', 0.5]], standard_gates=False)
noise_model = NoiseModel()
noise_model.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(error, ['cz', 'cx'])
backend = self.backend(noise_model=noise_model)
# Test circuits
shots = 100
circuits = ref_2q_clifford.cz_gate_circuits_deterministic(
final_measure=True)
result = backend.run(circuits, shots=shots).result()
success = getattr(result, 'success', False)
self.compare_result_metadata(result, circuits, 'method',
"density_matrix")
def get_noise(p):
error_meas = pauli_error([('X',p), ('I', 1 - p)])
noise_model = NoiseModel()
noise_model.add_all_qubit_quantum_error(error_meas, "measure") # measurement error is applied to measurements
return noise_model
#
# `QuantumError` instances can be combined by using composition, tensor product, and tensor expansion (reversed order tensor product) to produce new `QuantumErrors` as:
#
# * Composition: $\cal{E}(\rho)=\cal{E_2}(\cal{E_1}(\rho))$ as `error = error1.compose(error2)`
# * Tensor product: $\cal{E}(\rho) =(\cal{E_1}\otimes\cal{E_2})(\rho)$ as `error error1.tensor(error2)`
# * Expand product: $\cal{E}(\rho) =(\cal{E_2}\otimes\cal{E_1})(\rho)$ as `error error1.expand(error2)`
# ### Example
#
# For example to construct a 5% single-qubit Bit-flip error:
# In[2]:
# Construct a 1-qubit bit-flip and phase-flip errors
p_error = 0.05
bit_flip = pauli_error([('X', p_error), ('I', 1 - p_error)])
phase_flip = pauli_error([('Z', p_error), ('I', 1 - p_error)])
print(bit_flip)
print(phase_flip)
# In[3]:
# Compose two bit-flip and phase-flip errors
bitphase_flip = bit_flip.compose(phase_flip)
print(bitphase_flip)
# In[4]:
# Tensor product two bit-flip and phase-flip errors with
# bit-flip on qubit-0, phase-flip on qubit-1
error2 = phase_flip.tensor(bit_flip)