def testIterateUntilConvergence(self):
# Initialize a confusion matrices model and a VB object:
cm = confusion_matrices.ConfusionMatrices()
vb = alternating_resolution.VariationalBayes()
# First test with the Ipeirotis example:
data = test_util.IPEIROTIS_DATA
cm.InitializeResolutions(data)
self.assertTrue(
vb.IterateUntilConvergence(data,
cm,
golden_questions=['url1', 'url2']))
result = cm.ExtractResolutions(data)
test_util.AssertResolutionsAlmostEqual(self,
IPEIROTIS_VB_CM_RESOLUTIONS,
result)
# Now test with the Dawid & Skene example:
data = test_util.DS_DATA
cm.InitializeResolutions(data)
# VB is a little slower than EM, so we'll give it algorithm up to 50
# iterations to converge:
self.assertTrue(vb.IterateUntilConvergence(data, cm,
max_iterations=50))
result = cm.ExtractResolutions(data)
test_util.AssertResolutionsAlmostEqual(self, DS_VB_CM_RESOLUTIONS,
result)
def testIntegrate(self):
# Seed the random number generator to produce deterministic test results:
numpy.random.seed(0)
# TODO(tpw): This is necessary but not sufficient. Python's arbitrary
# ordering of dict iteration makes some deeper calls
# non-deterministic, and thus this test may exhibit flakiness.
# Initialize a confusion matrices model:
cm = confusion_matrices.ConfusionMatrices()
# First check the estimated answers for the Ipeirotis example, using the
# EM algorithm's results as a starting point for the sampling chain:
data = test_util.IPEIROTIS_DATA_FINAL
sampler = substitution_sampling.SubstitutionSampling()
sampler.Integrate(data, cm, golden_questions=['url1', 'url2'],
number_of_samples=20000)
result = cm.ExtractResolutions(data)
test_util.AssertResolutionsAlmostEqual(self,
IPEIROTIS_SS_CM_RESOLUTIONS, result,
places=1)
# Now check the estimated answers for the Dawid & Skene example, again using
# the EM algorithm's results as a starting point for the sampling chain:
numpy.random.seed(0)
data = test_util.DS_DATA_FINAL
sampler = substitution_sampling.SubstitutionSampling()
sampler.Integrate(data, cm, number_of_samples=20000)
result = cm.ExtractResolutions(data)
test_util.AssertResolutionsAlmostEqual(self, DS_SS_CM_RESOLUTIONS, result,
places=2)
def testIterateUntilConvergence(self):
maximizer = alternating_resolution.ExpectationMaximization()
# First test with the Ipeirotis example (expecting the same resolution as
# we get with confusion matrices):
data = test_util.IPEIROTIS_DATA
pc = probability_correct.ProbabilityCorrect()
pc.InitializeResolutions(data)
self.assertTrue(maximizer.IterateUntilConvergence(data, pc))
expected = pc.ExtractResolutions(test_util.IPEIROTIS_DATA_FINAL)
result = pc.ExtractResolutions(data)
test_util.AssertResolutionsAlmostEqual(self, expected, result)
self.assertEqual(2, pc._answer_space_size)
# Now with the Dawid & Skene example (with a resolution, above, differing
# slightly from the confusion matrix case):
data = test_util.DS_DATA
pc.UnsetAnswerSpaceSize() # to reset the model
pc.InitializeResolutions(data)
# The algorithm takes more than 10 steps to converge, so we expect
# IterateUntilConvergence to return False:
self.assertFalse(
maximizer.IterateUntilConvergence(data, pc, max_iterations=10))
# Nevertheless, its results are accurate to 3 places:
result = pc.ExtractResolutions(data)
test_util.AssertResolutionsAlmostEqual(self, DS_EM_PC_RESOLUTIONS,
result)
self.assertEqual(4, pc._answer_space_size)
def testIterateUntilConvergence(self):
data = {1: ([], {}), 2: ([], {'C': 1.0})}
mock_model = MockModel()
resolution = MockResolution()
# Our silly model should take far more than MAX_ITERATIONS to converge:
self.assertFalse(
resolution.IterateUntilConvergence(data,
mock_model,
golden_questions=[2]))
# resolution should have called IterateOnce exactly MAX_ITERATIONS times:
expected_parameter = float(alternating_resolution.MAX_ITERATIONS)
self.assertEqual(expected_parameter, mock_model.dummy_parameter)
# The resolution to question 1 should be as returned by
# MockModel.ResolveQuestion, and the resolution to question 2 should be
# left to what we set above because we marked it golden:
test_util.AssertResolutionsAlmostEqual(
self, {
1: {
'A': 1.0 / expected_parameter,
'B': 1.0 - 1.0 / expected_parameter
},
2: {
'C': 1.0
}
}, mock_model.ExtractResolutions(data))
# Now we'll force convergence by setting mock_model.dummy_parameter very
# high...
mock_model.dummy_parameter = 10.0 / alternating_resolution.EPSILON
# and check that resolution understands that it has converged:
self.assertTrue(resolution.IterateUntilConvergence(data, mock_model))
def testInitializeResolutions(self):
data = copy.deepcopy(TEST_DATA)
expected = {
'q1': {
gaussian_contributors.MEAN: 6.0,
gaussian_contributors.VARIANCE: 1.0 / 6.0
},
'q2': {
gaussian_contributors.MEAN: 6.0 + 1.0 / 3.0,
gaussian_contributors.VARIANCE: 42.0 / 108.0
},
'q3': {
gaussian_contributors.MEAN: 6.0 + 2.0 / 3.0,
gaussian_contributors.VARIANCE: 114.0 / 108.0
},
'q4': {
gaussian_contributors.MEAN: 7.0,
gaussian_contributors.VARIANCE: 13.0 / 6.0
}
}
gaussian_contributors.GaussianContributors.InitializeResolutions(
data, overwrite_all_resolutions=True)
result = model.ExtractResolutions(data)
test_util.AssertResolutionsAlmostEqual(self, expected, result)
# Check that non-numeric judgments cause a TypeError:
self.assertRaises(
TypeError,
gaussian_contributors.GaussianContributors.InitializeResolutions,
{'q1': ([('c1', 'WTF', {})], {})})
def testIntegrate(self):
# Seed the random number generator to produce deterministic test results:
numpy.random.seed(0)
# Set up mock data, a mock model object, and a SubstitutionSampling object:
data = {1: ([], {}), 2: ([], {'C': 1.0})}
mock_model = MockModel()
ss = substitution_sampling.SubstitutionSampling()
# Call ss.Integrate and check that the result is close to the mock model's
# resolution:
ss.Integrate(data,
mock_model,
golden_questions=[2],
number_of_samples=NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES)
test_util.AssertResolutionsAlmostEqual(
self, {
1: MOCK_RESOLUTION,
2: {
'C': 1.0
}
},
mock_model.ExtractResolutions(data),
places=2)
# ss should have called SetSampleParameters NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES times:
self.assertEqual(NUMBER_OF_SAMPLES, mock_model.times_called)
def testInitializeResolutions(self):
data = copy.deepcopy(TEST_DATA)
expected = {
'q1': {
('ABO', ): 2.0 / 3.0,
('ABO', 'A'): 1.0 / 3.0,
('ABO', 'B'): 1.0 / 3.0,
('Rh', ): 1.0 / 3.0,
('Rh', '+'): 1.0 / 3.0
},
'q2': {
('ABO', ): 1.0 / 3.0,
('ABO', 'O'): 1.0 / 3.0,
('Rh', ): 2.0 / 3.0,
('Rh', '+'): 1.0 / 3.0,
('Rh', '-'): 1.0 / 3.0
},
'q3': {
('Rh', ): 2.0 / 3.0,
('Rh', '-'): 2.0 / 3.0,
('Other', ): 1.0 / 3.0
}
}
decision_tree.DecisionTree.InitializeResolutions(
data, overwrite_all_resolutions=True)
result = decision_tree.DecisionTree.ExtractResolutions(data)
test_util.AssertResolutionsAlmostEqual(self, expected, result)
def testIterateUntilConvergence(self):
# Test first with the Ipeirotis example (expecting a resolution, above,
# differing slightly from the expectation-maximization case):
data = test_util.IPEIROTIS_DATA
pc = probability_correct.ProbabilityCorrect()
pc.InitializeResolutions(data)
maximizer = alternating_resolution.VariationalBayes()
# Run the variational inference algorithm:
self.assertTrue(maximizer.IterateUntilConvergence(
data, pc, golden_questions=['url1', 'url2']))
# Check the results:
result = pc.ExtractResolutions(data)
test_util.AssertResolutionsAlmostEqual(self,
IPEIROTIS_VB_PC_RESOLUTIONS, result)
self.assertEqual(2, pc._answer_space_size)
# Run the same experiment without gold data, and check that having gold
# data gives us more faith in the contributors who agree with it:
gold_contributor_accuracy = pc.probability_correct.copy()
self.assertTrue(maximizer.IterateUntilConvergence(data, pc))
non_gold_contributor_accuracy = pc.probability_correct.copy()
self.assertGreater(gold_contributor_accuracy['worker2'],
non_gold_contributor_accuracy['worker2'])
self.assertGreater(gold_contributor_accuracy['worker3'],
non_gold_contributor_accuracy['worker3'])
self.assertGreater(gold_contributor_accuracy['worker4'],
non_gold_contributor_accuracy['worker4'])
# Test with the Dawid & Skene example (expecting a resolution, above,
# differing slightly from the expectation-maximization case):
data = test_util.DS_DATA
pc = probability_correct.ProbabilityCorrect()
pc.InitializeResolutions(data)
maximizer = alternating_resolution.VariationalBayes()
# Run the variational inference algorithm:
self.assertTrue(maximizer.IterateUntilConvergence(data, pc))
# Check the results:
result = pc.ExtractResolutions(data)
test_util.AssertResolutionsAlmostEqual(self, DS_VB_PC_RESOLUTIONS, result)
self.assertEqual(4, pc._answer_space_size)
def testIterateUntilConvergence(self):
# Initialize a confusion matrices model and an EM object:
cm = confusion_matrices.ConfusionMatrices()
maximizer = alternating_resolution.ExpectationMaximization()
# First with the Ipeirotis example:
data = test_util.IPEIROTIS_DATA
cm.InitializeResolutions(data)
self.assertTrue(maximizer.IterateUntilConvergence(data, cm))
expected = cm.ExtractResolutions(test_util.IPEIROTIS_DATA_FINAL)
result = cm.ExtractResolutions(data)
test_util.AssertResolutionsAlmostEqual(self, expected, result)
# Now with the Dawid & Skene example:
data = test_util.DS_DATA
cm.InitializeResolutions(data)
# The algorithm takes more than 10 steps to converge, so we expect
# IterateUntilConvergence to return False:
self.assertFalse(
maximizer.IterateUntilConvergence(data, cm, max_iterations=10))
# Nevertheless, its results are accurate to 3 places:
expected = cm.ExtractResolutions(test_util.DS_DATA_FINAL)
result = cm.ExtractResolutions(data)
test_util.AssertResolutionsAlmostEqual(self, expected, result)
def testIterateUntilConvergence(self):
# Initialize a Gaussian model and an EM object:
gc = gaussian_contributors.GaussianContributors()
em = alternating_resolution.ExpectationMaximization()
# Use the judgments from the Dawid & Skene example:
data = test_util.DS_DATA
gc.InitializeResolutions(data)
# The algorithm converges slowly because EPSILON is small:
self.assertFalse(em.IterateUntilConvergence(data, gc, max_iterations=1000))
expected = {}
for question in data:
expected[question] = dict([
(gaussian_contributors.MEAN, EXPECTED_MEAN[question]),
(gaussian_contributors.VARIANCE, EXPECTED_VARIANCE)])
result = gc.ExtractResolutions(data)
test_util.AssertResolutionsAlmostEqual(self, expected, result)
def testIterateOnce(self):
data = {1: ([], {}), 2: ([], {'C': 1.0})}
mock_model = MockModel()
resolution = MockResolution()
resolution.IterateOnce(data, mock_model, golden_questions=[2])
# resolution should have called ChangeParameters once and ResolveQuestion
# once:
self.assertEqual(1.0, mock_model.dummy_parameter)
# The resolution to question 1 should be as set by
# MockModel.ResolveQuestion, and the resolution to question 2 should be
# left to what we set above because we marked it golden:
test_util.AssertResolutionsAlmostEqual(
self, {
1: {
'A': 1.0,
'B': 0.0
},
2: {
'C': 1.0
}
}, mock_model.ExtractResolutions(data))
def testInitializeResolutions(self):
# Test that the method behaves as expected, setting initial guesses:
data = copy.deepcopy(test_util.DS_DATA)
expected = {1: {1: 1.0},
2: {3: 5.0 / 7.0, 4: 2.0 / 7.0},
3: {1: 3.0 / 7.0, 2: 4.0 / 7.0},
4: {1: 2.0 / 7.0, 2: 4.0 / 7.0, 3: 1.0 / 7.0},
5: {2: 6.0 / 7.0, 3: 1.0 / 7.0},
6: {2: 5.0 / 7.0, 3: 2.0 / 7.0},
7: {1: 4.0 / 7.0, 2: 3.0 / 7.0},
8: {3: 6.0 / 7.0, 4: 1.0 / 7.0},
9: {2: 6.0 / 7.0, 3: 1.0 / 7.0},
10: {2: 5.0 / 7.0, 3: 2.0 / 7.0},
11: {4: 1.0},
12: {2: 3.0 / 7.0, 3: 3.0 / 7.0, 4: 1.0 / 7.0},
13: {1: 1.0},
14: {1: 1.0 / 7.0, 2: 5.0 / 7.0, 3: 1.0 / 7.0},
15: {1: 6.0 / 7.0, 2: 1.0 / 7.0},
16: {1: 6.0 / 7.0, 2: 1.0 / 7.0},
17: {1: 1.0},
18: {1: 1.0},
19: {1: 1.0 / 7.0, 2: 6.0 / 7.0},
20: {1: 1.0 / 7.0, 2: 5.0 / 7.0, 3: 1.0 / 7.0},
21: {2: 1.0},
22: {1: 1.0 / 7.0, 2: 6.0 / 7.0},
23: {2: 6.0 / 7.0, 3: 1.0 / 7.0},
24: {1: 1.0 / 7.0, 2: 6.0 / 7.0},
25: {1: 1.0},
26: {1: 1.0},
27: {2: 6.0 / 7.0, 3: 1.0 / 7.0},
28: {1: 1.0},
29: {1: 1.0},
30: {1: 5.0 / 7.0, 2: 2.0 / 7.0},
31: {1: 1.0},
32: {2: 1.0 / 7.0, 3: 6.0 / 7.0},
33: {1: 1.0},
34: {2: 1.0},
35: {2: 5.0 / 7.0, 3: 2.0 / 7.0},
36: {3: 4.0 / 7.0, 4: 3.0 / 7.0},
37: {1: 1.0 / 7.0, 2: 5.0 / 7.0, 3: 1.0 / 7.0},
38: {2: 3.0 / 7.0, 3: 4.0 / 7.0},
39: {2: 1.0 / 7.0, 3: 5.0 / 7.0, 4: 1.0 / 7.0},
40: {1: 1.0},
41: {1: 1.0},
42: {1: 5.0 / 7.0, 2: 2.0 / 7.0},
43: {2: 6.0 / 7.0, 3: 1.0 / 7.0},
44: {1: 6.0 / 7.0, 2: 1.0 / 7.0},
45: {2: 1.0}}
model.StatisticalModel.InitializeResolutions(data)
results = model.ExtractResolutions(data)
test_util.AssertResolutionsAlmostEqual(self, expected, results)
# Now write garbage resolutions and check that the constructor overwrites
# them:
for _, resolution_map in data.itervalues():
resolution_map['None of the above'] = 1.0
model.StatisticalModel.InitializeResolutions(data,
overwrite_all_resolutions=True)
results = model.ExtractResolutions(data)
test_util.AssertResolutionsAlmostEqual(self, expected, results)
# Finally, test that the judgments_to_answers mapping works:
judgments_to_answers = {1: 'Good', 2: None, 3: 'Bad', 4: 'Bad'}
model.StatisticalModel.InitializeResolutions(
data,
overwrite_all_resolutions=True,
judgments_to_answers=judgments_to_answers)
expected = {1: {'Good': 1.0},
2: {'Bad': 1.0},
3: {'Good': 1.0},
4: {'Good': 2.0 / 3.0, 'Bad': 1.0 / 3.0},
5: {'Bad': 1.0},
6: {'Bad': 1.0},
7: {'Good': 1.0},
8: {'Bad': 1.0},
9: {'Bad': 1.0},
10: {'Bad': 1.0},
11: {'Bad': 1.0},
12: {'Bad': 1.0},
13: {'Good': 1.0},
14: {'Good': 1.0 / 2.0, 'Bad': 1.0 / 2.0},
15: {'Good': 1.0},
16: {'Good': 1.0},
17: {'Good': 1.0},
18: {'Good': 1.0},
19: {'Good': 1.0},
20: {'Good': 1.0 / 2.0, 'Bad': 1.0 / 2.0},
21: {},
22: {'Good': 1.0},
23: {'Bad': 1.0},
24: {'Good': 1.0},
25: {'Good': 1.0},
26: {'Good': 1.0},
27: {'Bad': 1.0},
28: {'Good': 1.0},
29: {'Good': 1.0},
30: {'Good': 1.0},
31: {'Good': 1.0},
32: {'Bad': 1.0},
33: {'Good': 1.0},
34: {},
35: {'Bad': 1.0},
36: {'Bad': 1.0},
37: {'Good': 1.0 / 2.0, 'Bad': 1.0 / 2.0},
38: {'Bad': 1.0},
39: {'Bad': 1.0},
40: {'Good': 1.0},
41: {'Good': 1.0},
42: {'Good': 1.0},
43: {'Bad': 1.0},
44: {'Good': 1.0},
45: {}}
results = model.ExtractResolutions(data)
test_util.AssertResolutionsAlmostEqual(self, expected, results)
