def fig_uo_coverage_grid(lad20cd: str, uo_sensors: gpd.GeoDataFrame,
theta: int, save_dir: Path):
"""Calculate the coverage the Urban Observatory sensor network provides on a square
grid. Figure name: urb_obs_coverage_grid_theta_{theta}_nsensors_{n_sensors}.png
Parameters
----------
lad20cd : str
Local authority code
uo_sensors : gpd.GeoDataFrame
Urban Observatory sensor locations
theta : int
Coverage distance to use
save_dir : Path
Directory to save figure
"""
fig, ax = get_fig_grid(nrows_ncols=(1, 1))
ax = ax[0]
cmap = "Greens"
plot_uo_coverage_grid(lad20cd,
uo_sensors=uo_sensors,
ax=ax,
legend=False,
cmap=cmap)
add_colorbar(ax, cmap=cmap, label="Coverage")
add_scalebar(ax)
t_str = f"theta_{theta}"
n_str = f"nsensors_{len(uo_sensors)}"
save_fig(fig, f"urb_obs_coverage_grid_{t_str}_{n_str}.png", save_dir)
def fig_single_obj(thetas: list, n_sensors: list, results: dict,
all_groups: dict, save_dir: Path):
"""Save figures showing optimised networks with different parameters (number of
sensors and coverage distance, theta) for each objective. Names of saved figures:
"{plot_obj}_{thetas}_{n_sensors}.png", where `plot_obj` is the objective name from
all_groups.
Parameters
----------
thetas : list
Theta (coverage distance) values to plot (must exist in results)
n_sensors : list
Network sizes (number of sensors) to plot (must exist in results)
results : dict
Previous optimisation results (e.g. from
networks_single_obj.make_single_obj_networks)
all_groups : dict
Short name (keys) and long title (values) for each objective to plot
save_dir : Path
Directory to save figures in.
"""
n_figs = len(thetas) * len(n_sensors)
n_rows = floor(sqrt(n_figs))
n_cols = ceil(n_figs / n_rows)
for plot_obj in all_groups.keys():
fig, grid = get_fig_grid(nrows_ncols=(n_rows, n_cols))
i = 0
for t in thetas:
for s in n_sensors:
r = results[plot_obj][f"theta{t}"][f"{s}sensors"]
plot_optimisation_result(
r,
title=
f"n = {s}, $\\theta$ = {t} m, c = {r['total_coverage']:.2f}",
ax=grid[i],
show=False,
legend=False,
sensor_size=50,
sensor_color="green",
sensor_edgecolor="yellow",
sensor_linewidth=1.5,
)
if i == 1:
add_scalebar(grid[i])
i += 1
add_colorbar(grid[-1], label="Coverage", cmap="Greens")
fig.suptitle(all_groups[plot_obj]["title"], y=0.87, fontsize=20)
t_str = "theta" + "_".join(str(t) for t in thetas)
n_str = "nsensors" + "_".join(str(n) for n in n_sensors)
save_fig(fig, f"{plot_obj}_{t_str}_{n_str}.png", save_dir)
def fig_importance(
lad20cd: str,
groups: dict,
oa_weights: dict,
theta: float,
save_dir: Path,
vmax: float = 0.06,
):
"""Save a figure showing the "importance" of each output area for each objective,
where importance is the overall coverage of the whole local authority provided
by a network with a single sensor placed in that output area. Name of figure:
demographics_importance.png
Parameters
----------
lad20cd : str
Local authority code to generate results for
groups : dict
Name and title of each population group/objective
oa_weights : dict
Weight for each output area for each group/objective
theta : float
Coverage distance
save_dir : Path
Directory to save figure in
vmax : float, optional
Max value for colour scale, by default 0.06
"""
fig, grid = get_fig_grid()
for i, g in enumerate(groups.items()):
name = g[0]
title = g[1]["title"]
plot_oa_importance(
lad20cd,
oa_weights[name],
theta=theta,
vmax=vmax,
ax=grid[i],
show=False,
legend=False,
title=title,
)
if i == 1:
add_scalebar(grid[i])
add_colorbar(grid[-1], vmax=vmax, label="Importance")
save_fig(fig, "demographics_importance.png", save_dir)
def fig_density(
lad20cd: str,
oa: gpd.GeoDataFrame,
all_groups: dict,
save_dir: Path,
vmax: float = 6,
):
"""Save a figure showing the density of each demographic variable/objective for each
output area (OA), measured as the fraction of the population in that OA divided by
the area of the OA. Name of figure: demographics_density.png
Parameters
----------
lad20cd : str
Local authority code to generate results for
oa : gpd.GeoDataFrame
Data frame with stats for each variable in each output area (e.g. from
calc_oa_density)
all_groups : dict
Short name (keys) and long title (values) for each objective
save_dir : Path
Directory to save figure in
vmax : float, optional
Max value for colour scale, by default 6
"""
fig, grid = get_fig_grid()
for i, g in enumerate(all_groups.items()):
name = g[0]
title = g[1]["title"]
plot_oa_weights(
lad20cd,
100 * oa[f"{name}_reld"],
title=title,
vmax=vmax,
ax=grid[i],
legend=False,
show=False,
)
if i == 1:
add_scalebar(grid[i])
add_colorbar(grid[-1], vmax=vmax, label=r"Density [% / $\mathrm{km}^2$]")
save_fig(fig, "demographics_density.png", save_dir)
def fig_uo_sensor_locations(lad20cd: str, uo_sensors: gpd.GeoDataFrame,
save_dir: Path):
"""Show the location of all sensors in the Urban Observatory network (points only).
Figure nane: urb_obs_sensors_nsensors_{N}.png (where {N} is the no. sensors in the
UO network)
Parameters
----------
lad20cd : str
Local authority code
uo_sensors : gpd.GeoDataFrame
Urban Observatory sensor locations
save_dir : Path
Directory to save figure
"""
fig, ax = plt.subplots(1, 1, figsize=(15, 15))
plot_sensors(lad20cd, uo_sensors, centroids=False, ax=ax)
add_scalebar(ax)
save_fig(fig, f"urb_obs_sensors_nsensors_{len(uo_sensors)}.png", save_dir)
def fig_uo_coverage_oa(uo_coverage: dict, theta: float, all_groups: dict,
save_dir: Path):
"""Plot the coverage of each output area provide by the Urban Observatory
sensors. Figure name: urb_obs_coverage_oa_theta_{theta}_nsensors_{n_sensors}.png
Parameters
----------
uo_coverage : dict
Coverage of each output area with the Urban Observatory network (e.g. from
get_uo_coverage_oa)
theta : float
Coverage distance to use
all_groups : dict
Short name (keys) and long title (values) for each objective
save_dir : Path
Directory to save figure
"""
title = f"Urban Observatory: Coverage with $\\theta$ = {theta} m\n"
for name, params in all_groups.items():
title += f"{params['title']}: {uo_coverage[name]['total_coverage']:.2f}, "
title = title[:-2]
fig, ax = get_fig_grid(nrows_ncols=(1, 1))
plot_optimisation_result(
uo_coverage[name],
title=title,
ax=ax[0],
show=False,
legend=False,
sensor_size=50,
sensor_color="green",
sensor_edgecolor="yellow",
sensor_linewidth=1.5,
)
add_scalebar(ax[0])
add_colorbar(ax[0], cmap="Greens", label="Coverage")
t_str = f"theta_{theta}"
n_str = f"nsensors_{uo_coverage['n_sensors']}"
save_fig(fig, f"urb_obs_coverage_oa_{t_str}_{n_str}.png", save_dir)
def fig_uo_coverage_oa_diff(
lad20cd: str,
uo_coverage: dict,
theta: float,
all_groups: dict,
networks: dict,
save_dir: Path,
):
"""Show the coverage difference of each outupt area between the Urban Observatory
network and networks optimised for the coverage of single objectives (single
population sub-groups). Figure name:
urb_obs_coverage_difference_oa_theta_{theta}_nsensors_{n_sensors}.png
Parameters
----------
lad20cd : str
Local authority code
uo_sensors : gpd.GeoDataFrame
Urban Observatory sensor locations
theta : float
Coverage distance to use
all_groups : dict
Short name (keys) and long title (values) for each objective
networks : dict
Previous optimisation results (e.g. from
networks_single_obj.make_single_obj_networks)
save_dir : Path
Directory to save figure
"""
fig, grid = get_fig_grid()
cmap = get_diff_cmap()
n_uo_oa = uo_coverage["n_sensors"]
for i, (name, params) in enumerate(all_groups.items()):
uo_cov = uo_coverage[name]["oa_coverage"]
uo_cov = pd.DataFrame(uo_cov).set_index("oa11cd")
uo_cov.rename(columns={"coverage": "urb_obs"}, inplace=True)
greedy_cov = networks[name][f"theta{theta}"][f"{n_uo_oa}sensors"][
"oa_coverage"]
greedy_cov = pd.DataFrame(greedy_cov).set_index("oa11cd")
greedy_cov.rename(columns={"coverage": "greedy"}, inplace=True)
compare_nets = uo_cov.join(greedy_cov)
compare_nets["diff"] = compare_nets["greedy"] - compare_nets["urb_obs"]
compare_nets["diff"].describe()
oa_shapes = get_oa_shapes(lad20cd)
oa_shapes = oa_shapes.join(compare_nets["diff"])
vmin = -1
vmax = 1
oa_shapes.plot(column="diff",
alpha=0.85,
cmap=cmap,
ax=grid[i],
vmin=vmin,
vmax=vmax)
ctx.add_basemap(
grid[i],
source="http://a.tile.stamen.com/toner/{z}/{x}/{y}.png",
crs=oa_shapes.crs.to_epsg(),
)
grid[i].set_axis_off()
grid[i].set_title(params["title"])
add_scalebar(grid[1])
add_colorbar(grid[-1],
cmap=cmap,
label="Coverage Difference",
vmin=vmin,
vmax=vmax)
fig.suptitle(
f"Comparisons with Urban Observatory Network (n = {n_uo_oa}, $\\theta$ = {theta} m)",
y=0.87,
fontsize=20,
)
t_str = f"theta_{theta}"
n_str = f"nsensors_{n_uo_oa}"
save_fig(fig, f"urb_obs_coverage_difference_oa_{t_str}_{n_str}.png",
save_dir)
def fig_uo_coverage_grid_diff(
lad20cd: str,
uo_sensors: gpd.GeoDataFrame,
theta: float,
all_groups: dict,
networks: dict,
save_dir: Path,
):
"""Show the coverage difference, on a square grid, between the Urban Observatory
network and networks optimised for the coverage of single objectives (single
population sub-groups). Figure name:
urb_obs_coverage_difference_grid_theta_{theta}_nsensors_{n_sensors}.png
Parameters
----------
lad20cd : str
Local authority code
uo_sensors : gpd.GeoDataFrame
Urban Observatory sensor locations
theta : float
Coverage distance to use
all_groups : dict
Short name (keys) and long title (values) for each objective
networks : dict
Previous optimisation results (e.g. from
networks_single_obj.make_single_obj_networks)
save_dir : Path
Directory to save figure
"""
uo_sensors_xy = np.array(
[uo_sensors["geometry"].x.values, uo_sensors["geometry"].y.values]).T
oa = get_oa_shapes(lad20cd)
bounds = oa["geometry"].bounds
xlim = (bounds["minx"].min(), bounds["maxx"].max())
ylim = (bounds["miny"].min(), bounds["maxy"].max())
grid_size = 100
uo_cov = coverage_grid(uo_sensors_xy,
xlim,
ylim,
theta=theta,
grid_size=grid_size)
n_uo_oa = uo_sensors["oa11cd"].nunique()
fig, grid = get_fig_grid()
cmap = get_diff_cmap()
vmin = -1
vmax = 1
for i, (name, params) in enumerate(all_groups.items()):
greedy_sensors = pd.DataFrame(
networks[name][f"theta{theta}"][f"{n_uo_oa}sensors"]["sensors"])
greedy_sensors = np.array(greedy_sensors[["x", "y"]])
greedy_cov = coverage_grid(greedy_sensors,
xlim,
ylim,
theta=theta,
grid_size=grid_size)
cov_diff = uo_cov.copy()
cov_diff["coverage"] = greedy_cov["coverage"] - uo_cov["coverage"]
plot_coverage_grid(
lad20cd,
cov_diff,
ax=grid[i],
vmin=vmin,
vmax=vmax,
legend=False,
cmap=cmap,
title=params["title"],
)
add_scalebar(grid[1])
add_colorbar(grid[-1],
cmap=cmap,
vmin=vmin,
vmax=vmax,
label="Coverage Difference")
fig.suptitle(
f"Comparisons with Urban Observatory Network (n = {n_uo_oa}, $\\theta$ = {theta} m)",
y=0.87,
fontsize=20,
)
t_str = f"theta_{theta}"
n_str = f"nsensors_{n_uo_oa}"
save_fig(fig, f"urb_obs_coverage_difference_grid_{t_str}_{n_str}.png",
save_dir)
def fig_max_min_coverage(
lad20cd: str,
scores: np.ndarray,
objs: list,
theta: float,
n_sensors: int,
solutions: np.ndarray,
inputs: dict,
save_dir: float,
):
"""Plot the network that maximises the minimum coverage across all objectives.
Parameters
----------
lad20cd : str
Local authority code
scores : np.ndarray
Coverage values for each objective in each candidate network
objs : list
Names of objectives in the order they appear in scores
theta : float
Coverage distance to use
n_sensors : int
No. of sensors in the network
solutions : np.ndarray
Sensor output area indices for each candidate network
inputs : dict
Optimisation inputs from networks_multi_objs.get_multi_obj_inputs
save_dir : float
Directory to save figure
"""
# find network that has the maximum minimum coverage across all objectives
# (i.e. find network where all objectives have a coverage of at least t, for
# highest possible t)
t = scores.min()
delta = 0.001
remaining = len(scores)
while remaining > 0:
t += delta
remaining = (scores > t).all(axis=1).sum()
t -= delta
best_idx = (scores > t).all(axis=1).argmax()
sensor_idx = solutions[best_idx].astype(int)
sensor_dict = [{
"oa11cd": inputs["oa11cd"][idx],
"x": inputs["oa_x"][idx],
"y": inputs["oa_y"][idx],
} for idx in sensor_idx]
coverage = calc_coverage(lad20cd,
sensor_dict,
oa_weight=inputs["oa_weight"]["pop_total"],
theta=theta)
coverage["sensors"] = sensor_dict
coverage["lad20cd"] = lad20cd
title = "".join(f"{obj} = {score:.2f}, "
for obj, score in zip(objs, scores[best_idx]))
title = title[:-2]
title += f"\n(n = {n_sensors}, $\\theta$ = {theta} m)"
fig, ax = get_fig_grid(nrows_ncols=(1, 1))
plot_optimisation_result(
coverage,
title=title,
ax=ax[0],
show=False,
legend=False,
sensor_size=50,
sensor_color="green",
sensor_edgecolor="yellow",
sensor_linewidth=1.5,
)
add_scalebar(ax[0])
add_colorbar(ax[0], cmap="Greens", label="Coverage")
save_fig(
fig,
f"multiobj_compromise_theta{theta}_{n_sensors}sensors_cov{round(t, 3)}.png",
save_dir,
)
def fig_max_child_work_above_threshold(
lad20cd: str,
scores: np.ndarray,
objs: list,
threshold: float,
theta: float,
n_sensors: int,
solutions: np.ndarray,
inputs: dict,
work_name: str,
child_name: str,
save_dir: Path,
):
"""From a set of candidate networks, plot the one that maximsies coverage of
children whlist also keeping the coverage of worklplaces above a minimum threshold.
Figure name:
multiobj_wplace{work_cov}_child{child_cov}_theta{theta}_{n_sensors}sensors.png
Parameters
----------
lad20cd : str
Local authority code
scores : np.ndarray
Coverage values for each objective in each candidate network
objs : list
Names of objectives in the order they appear in scores
threshold : float
Only consider networks with at least this coverage of workplaces
theta : float
Coverage distance to use
n_sensors : int
No. of sensors in the network
solutions : np.ndarray
Sensor output area indices for each candidate network
inputs : dict
Optimisation inputs from networks_multi_objs.get_multi_obj_inputs
work_name : str
Name of the workplace objective
child_name : str
Name of the coverage of children objective
save_dir : Path
Directory to save the figure
"""
work_idx = objs.index(work_name)
child_idx = objs.index(child_name)
if (scores[:, work_idx] < threshold).all():
print(
f"No networks with workplace coverage > {threshold}, skipping figure"
)
return
network_idx = scores[scores[:, work_idx] > threshold, child_idx].argmax()
sensor_idx = solutions[
scores[:, work_idx] > threshold][network_idx].astype(int)
cov = scores[scores[:, work_idx] > threshold][network_idx]
sensor_dict = [{
"oa11cd": inputs["oa11cd"][idx],
"x": inputs["oa_x"][idx],
"y": inputs["oa_y"][idx],
} for idx in sensor_idx]
# select weight for 1st objective
# (weights don't matter for calculating coverage of each OA, only for calculating
# overrall coverage)
w = list(inputs["oa_weight"].values())[0]
coverage = calc_coverage(lad20cd, sensor_dict, oa_weight=w, theta=theta)
coverage["sensors"] = sensor_dict
coverage["lad20cd"] = lad20cd
title = "".join(f"{obj} = {score:.2f}, " for obj, score in zip(objs, cov))
title = title[:-2]
title += f"\n(n = {n_sensors}, $\\theta$ = {theta} m)"
fig, ax = get_fig_grid(nrows_ncols=(1, 1))
plot_optimisation_result(
coverage,
title=title,
ax=ax[0],
show=False,
legend=False,
sensor_size=50,
sensor_color="green",
sensor_edgecolor="yellow",
sensor_linewidth=1.5,
)
add_scalebar(ax[0])
add_colorbar(ax[0], cmap="Greens", label="Coverage")
save_fig(
fig,
f"multiobj_wplace{round(cov[3], 2)}_child{round(cov[1], 2)}_theta{theta}_{n_sensors}sensors.png",
save_dir,
)
def fig_two_objs_spectrum(
lad20cd: str,
plot_objs: list,
scores: np.ndarray,
solutions: np.ndarray,
inputs: dict,
all_groups: dict,
theta: float,
n_sensors: int,
save_dir: Path,
):
"""Save a figure showing a range of networks varying from maximal coverage of one
objective to maximal coverage of another, showing the trade-offs between the two.
Figure name: 2obj_spectrum_theta{theta}_{n_sensors}sensors.png
Parameters
----------
lad20cd : str
Local authority code
plot_objs : list
Names of the two objectives to plot
scores : np.ndarray
Coverage values for each objective in each candidate network
solutions : np.ndarray
Output area indices for each sensor in each candidate network
inputs : dict
Optimisation inputs from networks_two_objs.get_two_obj_inputs
all_groups : dict
Short name (keys) and long title (values) for each objective
theta : float
Coverage distance to use
n_sensors : int
Number of sensors in the candidate networks
save_dir : Path
Directory to save the figure
"""
population_size = len(scores)
rank_idx = scores[:, 0].argsort()
ranks_to_plot = np.linspace(0, population_size - 1, 4).astype(int)
fig, ax = get_fig_grid()
for i, rank in enumerate(ranks_to_plot):
idx = rank_idx[rank]
sensor_idx = solutions[idx].astype(int)
sensor_dict = [{
"oa11cd": inputs["oa11cd"][idx],
"x": inputs["oa_x"][idx],
"y": inputs["oa_y"][idx],
} for idx in sensor_idx]
coverage = calc_coverage(
lad20cd,
sensor_dict,
oa_weight=inputs["oa_weight"][plot_objs[0]],
theta=theta,
)
coverage["sensors"] = sensor_dict
coverage["lad20cd"] = lad20cd
title = "".join(
f"{all_groups[obj]['title']} = {score:.2f}, "
for obj, score in zip(["pop_elderly", "workplace"], scores[idx]))
title = title[:-2]
plot_optimisation_result(
coverage,
title=title,
ax=ax[i],
show=False,
legend=False,
sensor_size=50,
sensor_color="green",
sensor_edgecolor="yellow",
sensor_linewidth=1.5,
)
add_scalebar(ax[1])
add_colorbar(ax[-1], cmap="Greens", label="Coverage")
fig.suptitle(f"n = {n_sensors}, $\\theta$ = {theta} m",
y=0.87,
fontsize=20)
save_fig(fig, f"2obj_spectrum_theta{theta}_{n_sensors}sensors.png",
save_dir)