def _set_inv_trans_equations(curv_coord_name):
"""
Store information about inverse transformation equations for
pre-defined coordinate systems.
Parameters
==========
curv_coord_name : str
Name of coordinate system
"""
if curv_coord_name == 'cartesian':
return lambda x, y, z: (x, y, z)
if curv_coord_name == 'spherical':
return lambda x, y, z: (
sqrt(x**2 + y**2 + z**2),
acos(z/sqrt(x**2 + y**2 + z**2)),
atan2(y, x)
)
if curv_coord_name == 'cylindrical':
return lambda x, y, z: (
sqrt(x**2 + y**2),
atan2(y, x),
z
)
raise ValueError('Wrong set of parameters.'
'Type of coordinate system is defined')
def test_as_real_imag():
n = pi**1000
# the special code for working out the real
# and complex parts of a power with Integer exponent
# should not run if there is no imaginary part, hence
# this should not hang
assert n.as_real_imag() == (n, 0)
# issue 6261
x = Symbol('x')
assert sqrt(x).as_real_imag() == \
((re(x)**2 + im(x)**2)**Rational(1, 4)*cos(atan2(im(x), re(x))/2),
(re(x)**2 + im(x)**2)**Rational(1, 4)*sin(atan2(im(x), re(x))/2))
# issue 3853
a, b = symbols('a,b', real=True)
assert ((1 + sqrt(a + b*I))/2).as_real_imag() == \
(
(a**2 + b**2)**Rational(
1, 4)*cos(atan2(b, a)/2)/2 + S.Half,
(a**2 + b**2)**Rational(1, 4)*sin(atan2(b, a)/2)/2)
assert sqrt(a**2).as_real_imag() == (sqrt(a**2), 0)
i = symbols('i', imaginary=True)
assert sqrt(i**2).as_real_imag() == (0, abs(i))
assert ((1 + I) / (1 - I)).as_real_imag() == (0, 1)
assert ((1 + I)**3 / (1 - I)).as_real_imag() == (-2, 0)
def test_Dimension_functions():
raises(TypeError,
lambda: dimsys_SI.get_dimensional_dependencies(cos(length)))
raises(TypeError,
lambda: dimsys_SI.get_dimensional_dependencies(acos(angle)))
raises(TypeError,
lambda: dimsys_SI.get_dimensional_dependencies(atan2(length, time)))
raises(TypeError,
lambda: dimsys_SI.get_dimensional_dependencies(log(length)))
raises(TypeError,
lambda: dimsys_SI.get_dimensional_dependencies(log(100, length)))
raises(TypeError,
lambda: dimsys_SI.get_dimensional_dependencies(log(length, 10)))
assert dimsys_SI.get_dimensional_dependencies(pi) == {}
assert dimsys_SI.get_dimensional_dependencies(cos(1)) == {}
assert dimsys_SI.get_dimensional_dependencies(cos(angle)) == {}
assert dimsys_SI.get_dimensional_dependencies(atan2(length, length)) == {}
assert dimsys_SI.get_dimensional_dependencies(
log(length / length, length / length)) == {}
assert dimsys_SI.get_dimensional_dependencies(Abs(length)) == {length: 1}
assert dimsys_SI.get_dimensional_dependencies(Abs(length / length)) == {}
assert dimsys_SI.get_dimensional_dependencies(sqrt(-1)) == {}
def brewster_angle(medium1, medium2):
"""
This function calculates the Brewster's angle of incidence to Medium 2 from
Medium 1 in radians.
Parameters
==========
medium 1 : Medium or sympifiable
Refractive index of Medium 1
medium 2 : Medium or sympifiable
Refractive index of Medium 1
Examples
========
>>> from sympy.physics.optics import brewster_angle
>>> brewster_angle(1, 1.33)
0.926093295503462
"""
n1 = refractive_index_of_medium(medium1)
n2 = refractive_index_of_medium(medium2)
return atan2(n2, n1)
def eval(cls, arg):
a = arg
for i in range(3):
if isinstance(a, cls):
a = a.args[0]
else:
if i == 2 and a.is_extended_real:
return S.NaN
break
else:
return S.NaN
if isinstance(arg, exp_polar):
return periodic_argument(arg, oo)
if not arg.is_Atom:
c, arg_ = factor_terms(arg).as_coeff_Mul()
if arg_.is_Mul:
arg_ = Mul(*[a if (sign(a) not in (-1, 1)) else
sign(a) for a in arg_.args])
arg_ = sign(c)*arg_
else:
arg_ = arg
if any(i.is_extended_positive is None for i in arg_.atoms(AppliedUndef)):
return
x, y = arg_.as_real_imag()
rv = atan2(y, x)
if rv.is_number:
return rv
if arg_ != arg:
return cls(arg_, evaluate=False)
def test_atan2():
assert refine(atan2(y, x), Q.real(y) & Q.positive(x)) == atan(y/x)
assert refine(atan2(y, x), Q.negative(y) & Q.positive(x)) == atan(y/x)
assert refine(atan2(y, x), Q.negative(y) & Q.negative(x)) == atan(y/x) - pi
assert refine(atan2(y, x), Q.positive(y) & Q.negative(x)) == atan(y/x) + pi
assert refine(atan2(y, x), Q.zero(y) & Q.negative(x)) == pi
assert refine(atan2(y, x), Q.positive(y) & Q.zero(x)) == pi/2
assert refine(atan2(y, x), Q.negative(y) & Q.zero(x)) == -pi/2
assert refine(atan2(y, x), Q.zero(y) & Q.zero(x)) is nan
def test_functions_subs():
f, g = symbols('f g', cls=Function)
l = Lambda((x, y), sin(x) + y)
assert (g(y, x) + cos(x)).subs(g, l) == sin(y) + x + cos(x)
assert (f(x)**2).subs(f, sin) == sin(x)**2
assert (f(x, y)).subs(f, log) == log(x, y)
assert (f(x, y)).subs(f, sin) == f(x, y)
assert (sin(x) + atan2(x, y)).subs([[atan2, f], [sin, g]]) == \
f(x, y) + g(x)
assert (g(f(x + y, x))).subs([[f, l], [g, exp]]) == exp(x + sin(x + y))
def gouy(self):
"""
The Gouy phase.
Examples
========
>>> from sympy.physics.optics import BeamParameter
>>> p = BeamParameter(530e-9, 1, w=1e-3)
>>> p.gouy
atan(0.53/pi)
"""
return atan2(self.z, self.z_r)
def eval(cls, arg):
if not arg.is_Atom:
c, arg_ = factor_terms(arg).as_coeff_Mul()
if arg_.is_Mul:
arg_ = Mul(*[a if (sign(a) not in (-1, 1)) else
sign(a) for a in arg_.args])
arg_ = sign(c)*arg_
else:
arg_ = arg
x, y = re(arg_), im(arg_)
rv = atan2(y, x)
if rv.is_number and not rv.atoms(AppliedUndef):
return rv
if arg_ != arg:
return cls(arg_, evaluate=False)
def eval(cls, arg):
if not arg.is_Atom:
c, arg_ = factor_terms(arg).as_coeff_Mul()
if arg_.is_Mul:
arg_ = Mul(*[a if (sign(a) not in (-1, 1)) else
sign(a) for a in arg_.args])
arg_ = sign(c)*arg_
else:
arg_ = arg
x, y = re(arg_), im(arg_)
rv = atan2(y, x)
if rv.is_number and not rv.atoms(AppliedUndef):
return rv
if arg_ != arg:
return cls(arg_, evaluate=False)
def test_instrinsic_math2_codegen():
# not included: frexp, ldexp, modf, fmod
from sympy.core.evalf import N
from sympy.functions.elementary.trigonometric import atan2
name_expr = [
("test_atan2", atan2(x, y)),
("test_pow", x**y),
]
numerical_tests = []
for name, expr in name_expr:
for xval, yval in (0.2, 1.3), (0.5, -0.2), (0.8, 0.8):
expected = N(expr.subs(x, xval).subs(y, yval))
numerical_tests.append((name, (xval, yval), expected, 1e-14))
for lang, commands in valid_lang_commands:
run_test("intrinsic_math2", name_expr, numerical_tests, lang, commands)
def test_issue_8514():
from sympy.simplify.simplify import simplify
a, b, c, = symbols('a b c', positive=True)
t = symbols('t', positive=True)
ft = simplify(inverse_laplace_transform(1/(a*s**2+b*s+c),s, t))
assert ft == (I*exp(t*cos(atan2(0, -4*a*c + b**2)/2)*sqrt(Abs(4*a*c -
b**2))/a)*sin(t*sin(atan2(0, -4*a*c + b**2)/2)*sqrt(Abs(
4*a*c - b**2))/(2*a)) + exp(t*cos(atan2(0, -4*a*c + b**2)
/2)*sqrt(Abs(4*a*c - b**2))/a)*cos(t*sin(atan2(0, -4*a*c
+ b**2)/2)*sqrt(Abs(4*a*c - b**2))/(2*a)) + I*sin(t*sin(
atan2(0, -4*a*c + b**2)/2)*sqrt(Abs(4*a*c - b**2))/(2*a))
- cos(t*sin(atan2(0, -4*a*c + b**2)/2)*sqrt(Abs(4*a*c -
b**2))/(2*a)))*exp(-t*(b + cos(atan2(0, -4*a*c + b**2)/2)
*sqrt(Abs(4*a*c - b**2)))/(2*a))/sqrt(-4*a*c + b**2)
def eval(cls, arg):
if isinstance(arg, exp_polar):
return periodic_argument(arg, oo)
if not arg.is_Atom:
c, arg_ = factor_terms(arg).as_coeff_Mul()
if arg_.is_Mul:
arg_ = Mul(*[a if (sign(a) not in (-1, 1)) else
sign(a) for a in arg_.args])
arg_ = sign(c)*arg_
else:
arg_ = arg
if arg_.atoms(AppliedUndef):
return
x, y = arg_.as_real_imag()
rv = atan2(y, x)
if rv.is_number:
return rv
if arg_ != arg:
return cls(arg_, evaluate=False)
def __add__(self, other):
"""
Addition of two waves will result in their superposition.
The type of interference will depend on their phase angles.
"""
if isinstance(other, TWave):
if self._frequency == other._frequency and self.wavelength == other.wavelength:
return TWave(
sqrt(self._amplitude**2 + other._amplitude**2 +
2 * self._amplitude * other._amplitude *
cos(self._phase - other.phase)), self._frequency,
atan2(
self._amplitude * sin(self._phase) +
other._amplitude * sin(other._phase),
self._amplitude * cos(self._phase) +
other._amplitude * cos(other._phase)))
else:
raise NotImplementedError(
"Interference of waves with different frequencies"
" has not been implemented.")
else:
raise TypeError(
type(other).__name__ + " and TWave objects cannot be added.")
def angle(self):
r"""
Returns the angle of the quaternion measured in the real-axis plane.
Explanation
===========
Given a quaternion $q = a + bi + cj + dk$ where a, b, c and d
are real numbers, returns the angle of the quaternion given by
.. math::
angle := atan2(\sqrt{b^2 + c^2 + d^2}, {a})
Examples
========
>>> from sympy.algebras.quaternion import Quaternion
>>> q = Quaternion(1, 4, 4, 4)
>>> q.angle()
atan(4*sqrt(3))
"""
return atan2(self.vector_part().norm(), self.scalar_part())
def test_sympy__functions__elementary__trigonometric__atan2():
from sympy.functions.elementary.trigonometric import atan2
assert _test_args(atan2(2, 3))
def test_quaternion_functions():
q = Quaternion(w, x, y, z)
q1 = Quaternion(1, 2, 3, 4)
q0 = Quaternion(0, 0, 0, 0)
assert conjugate(q) == Quaternion(w, -x, -y, -z)
assert q.norm() == sqrt(w**2 + x**2 + y**2 + z**2)
assert q.normalize() == Quaternion(w, x, y,
z) / sqrt(w**2 + x**2 + y**2 + z**2)
assert q.inverse() == Quaternion(w, -x, -y,
-z) / (w**2 + x**2 + y**2 + z**2)
assert q.inverse() == q.pow(-1)
raises(ValueError, lambda: q0.inverse())
assert q.pow(2) == Quaternion(w**2 - x**2 - y**2 - z**2, 2 * w * x,
2 * w * y, 2 * w * z)
assert q**(2) == Quaternion(w**2 - x**2 - y**2 - z**2, 2 * w * x,
2 * w * y, 2 * w * z)
assert q1.pow(-2) == Quaternion(Rational(-7, 225), Rational(-1, 225),
Rational(-1, 150), Rational(-2, 225))
assert q1**(-2) == Quaternion(Rational(-7, 225), Rational(-1, 225),
Rational(-1, 150), Rational(-2, 225))
assert q1.pow(-0.5) == NotImplemented
raises(TypeError, lambda: q1**(-0.5))
assert q1.exp() == \
Quaternion(E * cos(sqrt(29)),
2 * sqrt(29) * E * sin(sqrt(29)) / 29,
3 * sqrt(29) * E * sin(sqrt(29)) / 29,
4 * sqrt(29) * E * sin(sqrt(29)) / 29)
assert q1._ln() == \
Quaternion(log(sqrt(30)),
2 * sqrt(29) * acos(sqrt(30)/30) / 29,
3 * sqrt(29) * acos(sqrt(30)/30) / 29,
4 * sqrt(29) * acos(sqrt(30)/30) / 29)
assert q1.pow_cos_sin(2) == \
Quaternion(30 * cos(2 * acos(sqrt(30)/30)),
60 * sqrt(29) * sin(2 * acos(sqrt(30)/30)) / 29,
90 * sqrt(29) * sin(2 * acos(sqrt(30)/30)) / 29,
120 * sqrt(29) * sin(2 * acos(sqrt(30)/30)) / 29)
assert diff(Quaternion(x, x, x, x), x) == Quaternion(1, 1, 1, 1)
assert integrate(Quaternion(x, x, x, x), x) == \
Quaternion(x**2 / 2, x**2 / 2, x**2 / 2, x**2 / 2)
assert Quaternion.rotate_point((1, 1, 1), q1) == (S.One / 5, 1, S(7) / 5)
n = Symbol('n')
raises(TypeError, lambda: q1**n)
n = Symbol('n', integer=True)
raises(TypeError, lambda: q1**n)
assert Quaternion(22, 23, 55, 8).scalar_part() == 22
assert Quaternion(w, x, y, z).scalar_part() == w
assert Quaternion(22, 23, 55, 8).vector_part() == Quaternion(0, 23, 55, 8)
assert Quaternion(w, x, y, z).vector_part() == Quaternion(0, x, y, z)
assert q1.axis() == Quaternion(0, 2 * sqrt(29) / 29, 3 * sqrt(29) / 29,
4 * sqrt(29) / 29)
assert q1.axis().pow(2) == Quaternion(-1, 0, 0, 0)
assert q0.axis().scalar_part() == 0
assert q.axis() == Quaternion(0, x / sqrt(x**2 + y**2 + z**2),
y / sqrt(x**2 + y**2 + z**2),
z / sqrt(x**2 + y**2 + z**2))
assert q0.is_pure() == True
assert q1.is_pure() == False
assert Quaternion(0, 0, 0, 3).is_pure() == True
assert Quaternion(0, 2, 10, 3).is_pure() == True
assert Quaternion(w, 2, 10, 3).is_pure() == None
assert q1.angle() == atan(sqrt(29))
assert q.angle() == atan2(sqrt(x**2 + y**2 + z**2), w)
assert Quaternion.arc_coplanar(q1, Quaternion(2, 4, 6, 8)) == True
assert Quaternion.arc_coplanar(q1, Quaternion(1, -2, -3, -4)) == True
assert Quaternion.arc_coplanar(q1, Quaternion(1, 8, 12, 16)) == True
assert Quaternion.arc_coplanar(q1, Quaternion(1, 2, 3, 4)) == True
assert Quaternion.arc_coplanar(q1, Quaternion(w, 4, 6, 8)) == True
assert Quaternion.arc_coplanar(q1, Quaternion(2, 7, 4, 1)) == False
assert Quaternion.arc_coplanar(q1, Quaternion(w, x, y, z)) == None
raises(ValueError, lambda: Quaternion.arc_coplanar(q1, q0))
assert Quaternion.vector_coplanar(Quaternion(0, 8, 12, 16),
Quaternion(0, 4, 6, 8),
Quaternion(0, 2, 3, 4)) == True
assert Quaternion.vector_coplanar(Quaternion(0, 0, 0, 0),
Quaternion(0, 4, 6, 8),
Quaternion(0, 2, 3, 4)) == True
assert Quaternion.vector_coplanar(Quaternion(0, 8, 2, 6),
Quaternion(0, 1, 6, 6),
Quaternion(0, 0, 3, 4)) == False
assert Quaternion.vector_coplanar(Quaternion(0, 1, 3, 4),
Quaternion(0, 4, w, 6),
Quaternion(0, 6, 8, 1)) == None
raises(ValueError,
lambda: Quaternion.vector_coplanar(q0, Quaternion(0, 4, 6, 8), q1))
assert Quaternion(0, 1, 2, 3).parallel(Quaternion(0, 2, 4, 6)) == True
assert Quaternion(0, 1, 2, 3).parallel(Quaternion(0, 2, 2, 6)) == False
assert Quaternion(0, 1, 2, 3).parallel(Quaternion(w, x, y, 6)) == None
raises(ValueError, lambda: q0.parallel(q1))
assert Quaternion(0, 1, 2, 3).orthogonal(Quaternion(0, -2, 1, 0)) == True
assert Quaternion(0, 2, 4, 7).orthogonal(Quaternion(0, 2, 2, 6)) == False
assert Quaternion(0, 2, 4, 7).orthogonal(Quaternion(w, x, y, 6)) == None
raises(ValueError, lambda: q0.orthogonal(q1))
assert q1.index_vector() == Quaternion(0, 2 * sqrt(870) / 29,
3 * sqrt(870) / 29,
4 * sqrt(870) / 29)
assert Quaternion(0, 3, 9, 4).index_vector() == Quaternion(0, 3, 9, 4)
assert Quaternion(4, 3, 9, 4).mensor() == log(sqrt(122))
assert Quaternion(3, 3, 0, 2).mensor() == log(sqrt(22))
assert q0.is_zero_quaternion() == True
assert q1.is_zero_quaternion() == False
assert Quaternion(w, 0, 0, 0).is_zero_quaternion() == None
def test_arg_rewrite():
assert arg(1 + I) == atan2(1, 1)
x = Symbol('x', real=True)
y = Symbol('y', real=True)
assert arg(x + I * y).rewrite(atan2) == atan2(y, x)
def test_implicit():
x, y = symbols('x,y')
assert fcode(sin(x)) == " sin(x)"
assert fcode(atan2(x, y)) == " atan2(x, y)"
assert fcode(conjugate(x)) == " conjg(x)"
def _eval_rewrite_as_atan2(self, arg):
x, y = re(self.args[0]), im(self.args[0])
return atan2(y, x)
def _eval_rewrite_as_atan2(self, arg, **kwargs):
x, y = self.args[0].as_real_imag()
return atan2(y, x)
def test_twave():
A1, phi1, A2, phi2, f = symbols('A1, phi1, A2, phi2, f')
n = Symbol('n') # Refractive index
t = Symbol('t') # Time
x = Symbol('x') # Spatial variable
E = Function('E')
w1 = TWave(A1, f, phi1)
w2 = TWave(A2, f, phi2)
assert w1.amplitude == A1
assert w1.frequency == f
assert w1.phase == phi1
assert w1.wavelength == c / (f * n)
assert w1.time_period == 1 / f
assert w1.angular_velocity == 2 * pi * f
assert w1.wavenumber == 2 * pi * f * n / c
assert w1.speed == c / n
w3 = w1 + w2
assert w3.amplitude == sqrt(A1**2 + 2 * A1 * A2 * cos(phi1 - phi2) + A2**2)
assert w3.frequency == f
assert w3.phase == atan2(A1 * sin(phi1) + A2 * sin(phi2),
A1 * cos(phi1) + A2 * cos(phi2))
assert w3.wavelength == c / (f * n)
assert w3.time_period == 1 / f
assert w3.angular_velocity == 2 * pi * f
assert w3.wavenumber == 2 * pi * f * n / c
assert w3.speed == c / n
assert simplify(w3.rewrite(sin) - w2.rewrite(sin) - w1.rewrite(sin)) == 0
assert w3.rewrite('pde') == epsilon * mu * Derivative(E(
x, t), t, t) + Derivative(E(x, t), x, x)
assert w3.rewrite(
cos) == sqrt(A1**2 + 2 * A1 * A2 * cos(phi1 - phi2) +
A2**2) * cos(pi * f * n * x * s /
(149896229 * m) - 2 * pi * f * t +
atan2(A1 * sin(phi1) + A2 * sin(phi2),
A1 * cos(phi1) + A2 * cos(phi2)))
assert w3.rewrite(
exp) == sqrt(A1**2 + 2 * A1 * A2 * cos(phi1 - phi2) + A2**2) * exp(
I * (-2 * pi * f * t + atan2(A1 * sin(phi1) + A2 * sin(phi2),
A1 * cos(phi1) + A2 * cos(phi2)) +
pi * s * f * n * x / (149896229 * m)))
w4 = TWave(A1, None, 0, 1 / f)
assert w4.frequency == f
w5 = w1 - w2
assert w5.amplitude == sqrt(A1**2 - 2 * A1 * A2 * cos(phi1 - phi2) + A2**2)
assert w5.frequency == f
assert w5.phase == atan2(A1 * sin(phi1) - A2 * sin(phi2),
A1 * cos(phi1) - A2 * cos(phi2))
assert w5.wavelength == c / (f * n)
assert w5.time_period == 1 / f
assert w5.angular_velocity == 2 * pi * f
assert w5.wavenumber == 2 * pi * f * n / c
assert w5.speed == c / n
assert simplify(w5.rewrite(sin) - w1.rewrite(sin) + w2.rewrite(sin)) == 0
assert w5.rewrite('pde') == epsilon * mu * Derivative(E(
x, t), t, t) + Derivative(E(x, t), x, x)
assert w5.rewrite(cos) == sqrt(
A1**2 - 2 * A1 * A2 * cos(phi1 - phi2) +
A2**2) * cos(-2 * pi * f * t + atan2(A1 * sin(phi1) - A2 * sin(phi2),
A1 * cos(phi1) - A2 * cos(phi2)) +
pi * s * f * n * x / (149896229 * m))
assert w5.rewrite(
exp) == sqrt(A1**2 - 2 * A1 * A2 * cos(phi1 - phi2) + A2**2) * exp(
I * (-2 * pi * f * t + atan2(A1 * sin(phi1) - A2 * sin(phi2),
A1 * cos(phi1) - A2 * cos(phi2)) +
pi * s * f * n * x / (149896229 * m)))
w6 = 2 * w1
assert w6.amplitude == 2 * A1
assert w6.frequency == f
assert w6.phase == phi1
w7 = -w6
assert w7.amplitude == -2 * A1
assert w7.frequency == f
assert w7.phase == phi1
raises(ValueError, lambda: TWave(A1))
raises(ValueError, lambda: TWave(A1, f, phi1, t))
def test_re():
x, y = symbols('x,y')
a, b = symbols('a,b', real=True)
r = Symbol('r', real=True)
i = Symbol('i', imaginary=True)
assert re(nan) is nan
assert re(oo) is oo
assert re(-oo) is -oo
assert re(0) == 0
assert re(1) == 1
assert re(-1) == -1
assert re(E) == E
assert re(-E) == -E
assert unchanged(re, x)
assert re(x * I) == -im(x)
assert re(r * I) == 0
assert re(r) == r
assert re(i * I) == I * i
assert re(i) == 0
assert re(x + y) == re(x) + re(y)
assert re(x + r) == re(x) + r
assert re(re(x)) == re(x)
assert re(2 + I) == 2
assert re(x + I) == re(x)
assert re(x + y * I) == re(x) - im(y)
assert re(x + r * I) == re(x)
assert re(log(2 * I)) == log(2)
assert re((2 + I)**2).expand(complex=True) == 3
assert re(conjugate(x)) == re(x)
assert conjugate(re(x)) == re(x)
assert re(x).as_real_imag() == (re(x), 0)
assert re(i * r * x).diff(r) == re(i * x)
assert re(i * r * x).diff(i) == I * r * im(x)
assert re(
sqrt(a +
b * I)) == (a**2 + b**2)**Rational(1, 4) * cos(atan2(b, a) / 2)
assert re(a * (2 + b * I)) == 2 * a
assert re((1 + sqrt(a + b*I))/2) == \
(a**2 + b**2)**Rational(1, 4)*cos(atan2(b, a)/2)/2 + S.Half
assert re(x).rewrite(im) == x - S.ImaginaryUnit * im(x)
assert (x + re(y)).rewrite(re, im) == x + y - S.ImaginaryUnit * im(y)
a = Symbol('a', algebraic=True)
t = Symbol('t', transcendental=True)
x = Symbol('x')
assert re(a).is_algebraic
assert re(x).is_algebraic is None
assert re(t).is_algebraic is False
assert re(S.ComplexInfinity) is S.NaN
n, m, l = symbols('n m l')
A = MatrixSymbol('A', n, m)
assert re(A) == (S.Half) * (A + conjugate(A))
A = Matrix([[1 + 4 * I, 2], [0, -3 * I]])
assert re(A) == Matrix([[1, 2], [0, 0]])
A = ImmutableMatrix([[1 + 3 * I, 3 - 2 * I], [0, 2 * I]])
assert re(A) == ImmutableMatrix([[1, 3], [0, 0]])
X = SparseMatrix([[2 * j + i * I for i in range(5)] for j in range(5)])
assert re(X) - Matrix([[0, 0, 0, 0, 0], [2, 2, 2, 2, 2], [4, 4, 4, 4, 4],
[6, 6, 6, 6, 6], [8, 8, 8, 8, 8]
]) == Matrix.zeros(5)
assert im(X) - Matrix([[0, 1, 2, 3, 4], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4],
[0, 1, 2, 3, 4], [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
]) == Matrix.zeros(5)
X = FunctionMatrix(3, 3, Lambda((n, m), n + m * I))
assert re(X) == Matrix([[0, 0, 0], [1, 1, 1], [2, 2, 2]])
def test_transformation_equations():
x, y, z = symbols('x y z')
# Str
a = CoordSys3D('a',
transformation='spherical',
variable_names=["r", "theta", "phi"])
r, theta, phi = a.base_scalars()
assert r == a.r
assert theta == a.theta
assert phi == a.phi
raises(AttributeError, lambda: a.x)
raises(AttributeError, lambda: a.y)
raises(AttributeError, lambda: a.z)
assert a.transformation_to_parent() == (r * sin(theta) * cos(phi),
r * sin(theta) * sin(phi),
r * cos(theta))
assert a.lame_coefficients() == (1, r, r * sin(theta))
assert a.transformation_from_parent_function()(
x, y, z) == (sqrt(x**2 + y**2 + z**2),
acos((z) / sqrt(x**2 + y**2 + z**2)), atan2(y, x))
a = CoordSys3D('a',
transformation='cylindrical',
variable_names=["r", "theta", "z"])
r, theta, z = a.base_scalars()
assert a.transformation_to_parent() == (r * cos(theta), r * sin(theta), z)
assert a.lame_coefficients() == (1, a.r, 1)
assert a.transformation_from_parent_function()(x, y,
z) == (sqrt(x**2 + y**2),
atan2(y, x), z)
a = CoordSys3D('a', 'cartesian')
assert a.transformation_to_parent() == (a.x, a.y, a.z)
assert a.lame_coefficients() == (1, 1, 1)
assert a.transformation_from_parent_function()(x, y, z) == (x, y, z)
# Variables and expressions
# Cartesian with equation tuple:
x, y, z = symbols('x y z')
a = CoordSys3D('a', ((x, y, z), (x, y, z)))
a._calculate_inv_trans_equations()
assert a.transformation_to_parent() == (a.x1, a.x2, a.x3)
assert a.lame_coefficients() == (1, 1, 1)
assert a.transformation_from_parent_function()(x, y, z) == (x, y, z)
r, theta, z = symbols("r theta z")
# Cylindrical with equation tuple:
a = CoordSys3D('a', [(r, theta, z), (r * cos(theta), r * sin(theta), z)],
variable_names=["r", "theta", "z"])
r, theta, z = a.base_scalars()
assert a.transformation_to_parent() == (r * cos(theta), r * sin(theta), z)
assert a.lame_coefficients() == (
sqrt(sin(theta)**2 + cos(theta)**2),
sqrt(r**2 * sin(theta)**2 + r**2 * cos(theta)**2), 1
) # ==> this should simplify to (1, r, 1), tests are too slow with `simplify`.
# Definitions with `lambda`:
# Cartesian with `lambda`
a = CoordSys3D('a', lambda x, y, z: (x, y, z))
assert a.transformation_to_parent() == (a.x1, a.x2, a.x3)
assert a.lame_coefficients() == (1, 1, 1)
a._calculate_inv_trans_equations()
assert a.transformation_from_parent_function()(x, y, z) == (x, y, z)
# Spherical with `lambda`
a = CoordSys3D(
'a',
lambda r, theta, phi:
(r * sin(theta) * cos(phi), r * sin(theta) * sin(phi), r * cos(theta)),
variable_names=["r", "theta", "phi"])
r, theta, phi = a.base_scalars()
assert a.transformation_to_parent() == (r * sin(theta) * cos(phi),
r * sin(phi) * sin(theta),
r * cos(theta))
assert a.lame_coefficients() == (
sqrt(
sin(phi)**2 * sin(theta)**2 + sin(theta)**2 * cos(phi)**2 +
cos(theta)**2),
sqrt(r**2 * sin(phi)**2 * cos(theta)**2 + r**2 * sin(theta)**2 +
r**2 * cos(phi)**2 * cos(theta)**2),
sqrt(r**2 * sin(phi)**2 * sin(theta)**2 +
r**2 * sin(theta)**2 * cos(phi)**2)
) # ==> this should simplify to (1, r, sin(theta)*r), `simplify` is too slow.
# Cylindrical with `lambda`
a = CoordSys3D('a',
lambda r, theta, z: (r * cos(theta), r * sin(theta), z),
variable_names=["r", "theta", "z"])
r, theta, z = a.base_scalars()
assert a.transformation_to_parent() == (r * cos(theta), r * sin(theta), z)
assert a.lame_coefficients() == (
sqrt(sin(theta)**2 + cos(theta)**2),
sqrt(r**2 * sin(theta)**2 + r**2 * cos(theta)**2), 1
) # ==> this should simplify to (1, a.x, 1)
raises(
TypeError, lambda: CoordSys3D('a',
transformation={
x: x * sin(y) * cos(z),
y: x * sin(y) * sin(z),
z: x * cos(y)
}))
def test_create_new():
a = CoordSys3D('a')
c = a.create_new('c', transformation='spherical')
assert c._parent == a
assert c.transformation_to_parent() == \
(c.r*sin(c.theta)*cos(c.phi), c.r*sin(c.theta)*sin(c.phi), c.r*cos(c.theta))
assert c.transformation_from_parent() == \
(sqrt(a.x**2 + a.y**2 + a.z**2), acos(a.z/sqrt(a.x**2 + a.y**2 + a.z**2)), atan2(a.y, a.x))
def _eval_rewrite_as_atan2(self, arg):
x, y = re(self.args[0]), im(self.args[0])
return atan2(y, x)
def test_sympy__functions__elementary__trigonometric__atan2():
from sympy.functions.elementary.trigonometric import atan2
assert _test_args(atan2(2, 3))
def test_gauss_opt():
mat = RayTransferMatrix(1, 2, 3, 4)
assert mat == Matrix([[1, 2], [3, 4]])
assert mat == RayTransferMatrix(Matrix([[1, 2], [3, 4]]))
assert [mat.A, mat.B, mat.C, mat.D] == [1, 2, 3, 4]
d, f, h, n1, n2, R = symbols('d f h n1 n2 R')
lens = ThinLens(f)
assert lens == Matrix([[1, 0], [-1 / f, 1]])
assert lens.C == -1 / f
assert FreeSpace(d) == Matrix([[1, d], [0, 1]])
assert FlatRefraction(n1, n2) == Matrix([[1, 0], [0, n1 / n2]])
assert CurvedRefraction(R, n1, n2) == Matrix([[1, 0],
[(n1 - n2) / (R * n2),
n1 / n2]])
assert FlatMirror() == Matrix([[1, 0], [0, 1]])
assert CurvedMirror(R) == Matrix([[1, 0], [-2 / R, 1]])
assert ThinLens(f) == Matrix([[1, 0], [-1 / f, 1]])
mul = CurvedMirror(R) * FreeSpace(d)
mul_mat = Matrix([[1, 0], [-2 / R, 1]]) * Matrix([[1, d], [0, 1]])
assert mul.A == mul_mat[0, 0]
assert mul.B == mul_mat[0, 1]
assert mul.C == mul_mat[1, 0]
assert mul.D == mul_mat[1, 1]
angle = symbols('angle')
assert GeometricRay(h, angle) == Matrix([[h], [angle]])
assert FreeSpace(d) * GeometricRay(h, angle) == Matrix([[angle * d + h],
[angle]])
assert GeometricRay(Matrix(((h, ), (angle, )))) == Matrix([[h], [angle]])
assert (FreeSpace(d) * GeometricRay(h, angle)).height == angle * d + h
assert (FreeSpace(d) * GeometricRay(h, angle)).angle == angle
p = BeamParameter(530e-9, 1, w=1e-3)
assert streq(p.q, 1 + 1.88679245283019 * I * pi)
assert streq(N(p.q), 1.0 + 5.92753330865999 * I)
assert streq(N(p.w_0), Float(0.00100000000000000))
assert streq(N(p.z_r), Float(5.92753330865999))
fs = FreeSpace(10)
p1 = fs * p
assert streq(N(p.w), Float(0.00101413072159615))
assert streq(N(p1.w), Float(0.00210803120913829))
w, wavelen = symbols('w wavelen')
assert waist2rayleigh(w, wavelen) == pi * w**2 / wavelen
z_r, wavelen = symbols('z_r wavelen')
assert rayleigh2waist(z_r, wavelen) == sqrt(wavelen * z_r) / sqrt(pi)
a, b, f = symbols('a b f')
assert geometric_conj_ab(a, b) == a * b / (a + b)
assert geometric_conj_af(a, f) == a * f / (a - f)
assert geometric_conj_bf(b, f) == b * f / (b - f)
assert geometric_conj_ab(oo, b) == b
assert geometric_conj_ab(a, oo) == a
s_in, z_r_in, f = symbols('s_in z_r_in f')
assert gaussian_conj(s_in, z_r_in,
f)[0] == 1 / (-1 / (s_in + z_r_in**2 /
(-f + s_in)) + 1 / f)
assert gaussian_conj(
s_in, z_r_in, f)[1] == z_r_in / (1 - s_in**2 / f**2 + z_r_in**2 / f**2)
assert gaussian_conj(
s_in, z_r_in, f)[2] == 1 / sqrt(1 - s_in**2 / f**2 + z_r_in**2 / f**2)
l, w_i, w_o, f = symbols('l w_i w_o f')
assert conjugate_gauss_beams(
l, w_i, w_o, f=f)[0] == f * (-sqrt(w_i**2 / w_o**2 - pi**2 * w_i**4 /
(f**2 * l**2)) + 1)
assert factor(conjugate_gauss_beams(
l, w_i, w_o,
f=f)[1]) == f * w_o**2 * (w_i**2 / w_o**2 -
sqrt(w_i**2 / w_o**2 - pi**2 * w_i**4 /
(f**2 * l**2))) / w_i**2
assert conjugate_gauss_beams(l, w_i, w_o, f=f)[2] == f
z, l, w_0 = symbols('z l w_0', positive=True)
p = BeamParameter(l, z, w=w_0)
assert p.radius == z * (pi**2 * w_0**4 / (l**2 * z**2) + 1)
assert p.w == w_0 * sqrt(l**2 * z**2 / (pi**2 * w_0**4) + 1)
assert p.w_0 == w_0
assert p.divergence == l / (pi * w_0)
assert p.gouy == atan2(z, pi * w_0**2 / l)
assert p.waist_approximation_limit == 2 * l / pi
p = BeamParameter(530e-9, 1, w=1e-3, n=2)
assert streq(p.q, 1 + 3.77358490566038 * I * pi)
assert streq(N(p.z_r), Float(11.8550666173200))
assert streq(N(p.w_0), Float(0.00100000000000000))
def _eval_rewrite_as_atan2(self, arg, **kwargs):
x, y = self.args[0].as_real_imag()
return atan2(y, x)
'R2', 'R2_origin', 'relations_2d', 'R2_r', 'R2_p', 'R3', 'R3_origin',
'relations_3d', 'R3_r', 'R3_c', 'R3_s'
]
###############################################################################
# R2
###############################################################################
R2 = Manifold('R^2', 2) # type: Any
R2_origin = Patch('origin', R2) # type: Any
x, y = symbols('x y', real=True)
r, theta = symbols('rho theta', nonnegative=True)
relations_2d = {
('rectangular', 'polar'): [(x, y), (sqrt(x**2 + y**2), atan2(y, x))],
('polar', 'rectangular'): [(r, theta), (r * cos(theta), r * sin(theta))],
}
R2_r = CoordSystem('rectangular', R2_origin, (x, y), relations_2d) # type: Any
R2_p = CoordSystem('polar', R2_origin, (r, theta), relations_2d) # type: Any
# support deprecated feature
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.simplefilter("ignore")
x, y, r, theta = symbols('x y r theta', cls=Dummy)
R2_r.connect_to(R2_p, [x, y],
[sqrt(x**2 + y**2), atan2(y, x)],
inverse=False,
fill_in_gaps=False)
R2_p.connect_to(R2_r, [r, theta], [r * cos(theta), r * sin(theta)],
def test_im():
x, y = symbols('x,y')
a, b = symbols('a,b', real=True)
r = Symbol('r', real=True)
i = Symbol('i', imaginary=True)
assert im(nan) is nan
assert im(oo * I) is oo
assert im(-oo * I) is -oo
assert im(0) == 0
assert im(1) == 0
assert im(-1) == 0
assert im(E * I) == E
assert im(-E * I) == -E
assert unchanged(im, x)
assert im(x * I) == re(x)
assert im(r * I) == r
assert im(r) == 0
assert im(i * I) == 0
assert im(i) == -I * i
assert im(x + y) == im(x) + im(y)
assert im(x + r) == im(x)
assert im(x + r * I) == im(x) + r
assert im(im(x) * I) == im(x)
assert im(2 + I) == 1
assert im(x + I) == im(x) + 1
assert im(x + y * I) == im(x) + re(y)
assert im(x + r * I) == im(x) + r
assert im(log(2 * I)) == pi / 2
assert im((2 + I)**2).expand(complex=True) == 4
assert im(conjugate(x)) == -im(x)
assert conjugate(im(x)) == im(x)
assert im(x).as_real_imag() == (im(x), 0)
assert im(i * r * x).diff(r) == im(i * x)
assert im(i * r * x).diff(i) == -I * re(r * x)
assert im(
sqrt(a +
b * I)) == (a**2 + b**2)**Rational(1, 4) * sin(atan2(b, a) / 2)
assert im(a * (2 + b * I)) == a * b
assert im((1 + sqrt(a + b*I))/2) == \
(a**2 + b**2)**Rational(1, 4)*sin(atan2(b, a)/2)/2
assert im(x).rewrite(re) == -S.ImaginaryUnit * (x - re(x))
assert (x + im(y)).rewrite(im, re) == x - S.ImaginaryUnit * (y - re(y))
a = Symbol('a', algebraic=True)
t = Symbol('t', transcendental=True)
x = Symbol('x')
assert re(a).is_algebraic
assert re(x).is_algebraic is None
assert re(t).is_algebraic is False
assert im(S.ComplexInfinity) is S.NaN
n, m, l = symbols('n m l')
A = MatrixSymbol('A', n, m)
assert im(A) == (S.One / (2 * I)) * (A - conjugate(A))
A = Matrix([[1 + 4 * I, 2], [0, -3 * I]])
assert im(A) == Matrix([[4, 0], [0, -3]])
A = ImmutableMatrix([[1 + 3 * I, 3 - 2 * I], [0, 2 * I]])
assert im(A) == ImmutableMatrix([[3, -2], [0, 2]])
X = ImmutableSparseMatrix([[i * I + i for i in range(5)]
for i in range(5)])
Y = SparseMatrix([[i for i in range(5)] for i in range(5)])
assert im(X).as_immutable() == Y
X = FunctionMatrix(3, 3, Lambda((n, m), n + m * I))
assert im(X) == Matrix([[0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 2], [0, 1, 2]])
def _eval_rewrite_as_atan2(self, arg, **kwargs):
from sympy.functions.elementary.trigonometric import atan2
x, y = self.args[0].as_real_imag()
return atan2(y, x)
