class Trainer(object):
"""A class to wrap training code."""
def __init__(self, args, dataset):
"""Constructor for training algorithm.
Args:
args: From command line, picked up by `argparse`.
dataset: Currently only `data.text.Corpus` is supported.
Initializes:
- Data: train, val and test.
- Model: shared and controller.
- Inference: optimizers for shared and controller parameters.
- Criticism: cross-entropy loss for training the shared model.
"""
self.args = args
self.controller_step = 0
self.cuda = args.cuda
self.dataset = dataset
self.epoch = 0
self.shared_step = 0
self.start_epoch = 0
logger.info('regularizing:')
for regularizer in [('activation regularization',
self.args.activation_regularization),
('temporal activation regularization',
self.args.temporal_activation_regularization),
('norm stabilizer regularization',
self.args.norm_stabilizer_regularization)]:
if regularizer[1]:
logger.info(f'{regularizer[0]}')
self.train_data = utils.batchify(dataset.train, args.batch_size,
self.cuda)
# NOTE(brendan): The validation set data is batchified twice
# separately: once for computing rewards during the Train Controller
# phase (valid_data, batch size == 64), and once for evaluating ppl
# over the entire validation set (eval_data, batch size == 1)
self.valid_data = utils.batchify(dataset.valid, args.batch_size,
self.cuda)
self.eval_data = utils.batchify(dataset.valid, args.test_batch_size,
self.cuda)
self.test_data = utils.batchify(dataset.test, args.test_batch_size,
self.cuda)
self.max_length = self.args.shared_rnn_max_length
if args.use_tensorboard:
self.tb = TensorBoard(args.model_dir)
else:
self.tb = None
self.build_model()
if self.args.load_path:
self.load_model()
shared_optimizer = _get_optimizer(self.args.shared_optim)
controller_optimizer = _get_optimizer(self.args.controller_optim)
self.shared_optim = shared_optimizer(
self.shared.parameters(),
lr=self.shared_lr,
weight_decay=self.args.shared_l2_reg)
self.controller_optim = controller_optimizer(
self.controller.parameters(), lr=self.args.controller_lr)
self.ce = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
def build_model(self):
"""Creates and initializes the shared and controller models."""
if self.args.network_type == 'rnn':
self.shared = models.RNN(self.args, self.dataset)
elif self.args.network_type == 'cnn':
self.shared = models.CNN(self.args, self.dataset)
else:
raise NotImplementedError(f'Network type '
f'`{self.args.network_type}` is not '
f'defined')
self.controller = models.Controller(self.args)
if self.args.num_gpu == 1:
self.shared.cuda()
self.controller.cuda()
elif self.args.num_gpu > 1:
raise NotImplementedError('`num_gpu > 1` is in progress')
def train(self):
"""Cycles through alternately training the shared parameters and the
controller, as described in Section 2.2, Training ENAS and Deriving
Architectures, of the paper.
From the paper (for Penn Treebank):
- In the first phase, shared parameters omega are trained for 400
steps, each on a minibatch of 64 examples.
- In the second phase, the controller's parameters are trained for 2000
steps.
"""
if self.args.shared_initial_step > 0:
self.train_shared(self.args.shared_initial_step)
self.train_controller()
for self.epoch in range(self.start_epoch, self.args.max_epoch):
# 1. Training the shared parameters omega of the child models
self.train_shared()
# 2. Training the controller parameters theta
self.train_controller()
if self.epoch % self.args.save_epoch == 0:
with _get_no_grad_ctx_mgr():
best_dag = self.derive()
self.evaluate(self.eval_data,
best_dag,
'val_best',
max_num=self.args.batch_size * 100)
self.save_model()
if self.epoch >= self.args.shared_decay_after:
utils.update_lr(self.shared_optim, self.shared_lr)
def get_loss(self, inputs, targets, hidden, dags):
"""Computes the loss for the same batch for M models.
This amounts to an estimate of the loss, which is turned into an
estimate for the gradients of the shared model.
"""
if not isinstance(dags, list):
dags = [dags]
loss = 0
for dag in dags:
output, hidden, extra_out = self.shared(inputs, dag, hidden=hidden)
output_flat = output.view(-1, self.dataset.num_tokens)
sample_loss = (self.ce(output_flat, targets) /
self.args.shared_num_sample)
loss += sample_loss
assert len(dags) == 1, 'there are multiple `hidden` for multple `dags`'
return loss, hidden, extra_out
def train_shared(self, max_step=None):
"""Train the language model for 400 steps of minibatches of 64
examples.
Args:
max_step: Used to run extra training steps as a warm-up.
BPTT is truncated at 35 timesteps.
For each weight update, gradients are estimated by sampling M models
from the fixed controller policy, and averaging their gradients
computed on a batch of training data.
"""
model = self.shared
model.train()
self.controller.eval()
hidden = self.shared.init_hidden(self.args.batch_size)
if max_step is None:
max_step = self.args.shared_max_step
else:
max_step = min(self.args.shared_max_step, max_step)
abs_max_grad = 0
abs_max_hidden_norm = 0
step = 0
raw_total_loss = 0
total_loss = 0
train_idx = 0
# TODO(brendan): Why - 1 - 1?
while train_idx < self.train_data.size(0) - 1 - 1:
if step > max_step:
break
dags = self.controller.sample(self.args.shared_num_sample)
inputs, targets = self.get_batch(self.train_data, train_idx,
self.max_length)
loss, hidden, extra_out = self.get_loss(inputs, targets, hidden,
dags)
hidden.detach_()
raw_total_loss += loss.data
loss += _apply_penalties(extra_out, self.args)
# update
self.shared_optim.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
h1tohT = extra_out['hiddens']
new_abs_max_hidden_norm = utils.to_item(
h1tohT.norm(dim=-1).data.max())
if new_abs_max_hidden_norm > abs_max_hidden_norm:
abs_max_hidden_norm = new_abs_max_hidden_norm
logger.info(f'max hidden {abs_max_hidden_norm}')
abs_max_grad = _check_abs_max_grad(abs_max_grad, model)
torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm(model.parameters(),
self.args.shared_grad_clip)
self.shared_optim.step()
total_loss += loss.data
if ((step % self.args.log_step) == 0) and (step > 0):
self._summarize_shared_train(total_loss, raw_total_loss)
raw_total_loss = 0
total_loss = 0
step += 1
self.shared_step += 1
train_idx += self.max_length
def get_reward(self, dag, entropies, hidden, valid_idx=0):
"""Computes the perplexity of a single sampled model on a minibatch of
validation data.
"""
if not isinstance(entropies, np.ndarray):
entropies = entropies.data.cpu().numpy()
inputs, targets = self.get_batch(self.valid_data,
valid_idx,
self.max_length,
volatile=True)
valid_loss, hidden, _ = self.get_loss(inputs, targets, hidden, dag)
valid_loss = utils.to_item(valid_loss.data)
valid_ppl = math.exp(valid_loss)
# TODO: we don't know reward_c
if self.args.ppl_square:
# TODO: but we do know reward_c=80 in the previous paper
R = self.args.reward_c / valid_ppl**2
else:
R = self.args.reward_c / valid_ppl
if self.args.entropy_mode == 'reward':
rewards = R + self.args.entropy_coeff * entropies
elif self.args.entropy_mode == 'regularizer':
rewards = R * np.ones_like(entropies)
else:
raise NotImplementedError(
f'Unkown entropy mode: {self.args.entropy_mode}')
return rewards, hidden
def train_controller(self):
"""Fixes the shared parameters and updates the controller parameters.
The controller is updated with a score function gradient estimator
(i.e., REINFORCE), with the reward being c/valid_ppl, where valid_ppl
is computed on a minibatch of validation data.
A moving average baseline is used.
The controller is trained for 2000 steps per epoch (i.e.,
first (Train Shared) phase -> second (Train Controller) phase).
"""
model = self.controller
model.train()
# TODO(brendan): Why can't we call shared.eval() here? Leads to loss
# being uniformly zero for the controller.
# self.shared.eval()
avg_reward_base = None
baseline = None
adv_history = []
entropy_history = []
reward_history = []
hidden = self.shared.init_hidden(self.args.batch_size)
total_loss = 0
valid_idx = 0
for step in range(self.args.controller_max_step):
# sample models
dags, log_probs, entropies = self.controller.sample(
with_details=True)
# calculate reward
np_entropies = entropies.data.cpu().numpy()
# NOTE(brendan): No gradients should be backpropagated to the
# shared model during controller training, obviously.
with _get_no_grad_ctx_mgr():
rewards, hidden = self.get_reward(dags, np_entropies, hidden,
valid_idx)
# discount
if 1 > self.args.discount > 0:
rewards = discount(rewards, self.args.discount)
reward_history.extend(rewards)
entropy_history.extend(np_entropies)
# moving average baseline
if baseline is None:
baseline = rewards
else:
decay = self.args.ema_baseline_decay
baseline = decay * baseline + (1 - decay) * rewards
adv = rewards - baseline
adv_history.extend(adv)
# policy loss
loss = -log_probs * utils.get_variable(
adv, self.cuda, requires_grad=False)
if self.args.entropy_mode == 'regularizer':
loss -= self.args.entropy_coeff * entropies
loss = loss.sum() # or loss.mean()
# update
self.controller_optim.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
if self.args.controller_grad_clip > 0:
torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm(model.parameters(),
self.args.controller_grad_clip)
self.controller_optim.step()
total_loss += utils.to_item(loss.data)
if ((step % self.args.log_step) == 0) and (step > 0):
self._summarize_controller_train(total_loss, adv_history,
entropy_history,
reward_history,
avg_reward_base, dags)
reward_history, adv_history, entropy_history = [], [], []
total_loss = 0
self.controller_step += 1
prev_valid_idx = valid_idx
valid_idx = ((valid_idx + self.max_length) %
(self.valid_data.size(0) - 1))
# NOTE(brendan): Whenever we wrap around to the beginning of the
# validation data, we reset the hidden states.
if prev_valid_idx > valid_idx:
hidden = self.shared.init_hidden(self.args.batch_size)
def evaluate(self, source, dag, name, batch_size=1, max_num=None):
"""Evaluate on the validation set.
NOTE(brendan): We should not be using the test set to develop the
algorithm (basic machine learning good practices).
"""
self.shared.eval()
self.controller.eval()
data = source[:max_num * self.max_length]
total_loss = 0
hidden = self.shared.init_hidden(batch_size)
pbar = range(0, data.size(0) - 1, self.max_length)
for count, idx in enumerate(pbar):
inputs, targets = self.get_batch(data, idx, volatile=True)
output, hidden, _ = self.shared(inputs,
dag,
hidden=hidden,
is_train=False)
output_flat = output.view(-1, self.dataset.num_tokens)
total_loss += len(inputs) * self.ce(output_flat, targets).data
hidden.detach_()
ppl = math.exp(
utils.to_item(total_loss) / (count + 1) / self.max_length)
val_loss = utils.to_item(total_loss) / len(data)
ppl = math.exp(val_loss)
self.tb.scalar_summary(f'eval/{name}_loss', val_loss, self.epoch)
self.tb.scalar_summary(f'eval/{name}_ppl', ppl, self.epoch)
logger.info(f'eval | loss: {val_loss:8.2f} | ppl: {ppl:8.2f}')
def derive(self, sample_num=None, valid_idx=0):
"""TODO(brendan): We are always deriving based on the very first batch
of validation data? This seems wrong...
"""
hidden = self.shared.init_hidden(self.args.batch_size)
if sample_num is None:
sample_num = self.args.derive_num_sample
dags, _, entropies = self.controller.sample(sample_num,
with_details=True)
max_R = 0
best_dag = None
for dag in dags:
R, _ = self.get_reward(dag, entropies, hidden, valid_idx)
if R.max() > max_R:
max_R = R.max()
best_dag = dag
logger.info(f'derive | max_R: {max_R:8.6f}')
fname = (f'{self.epoch:03d}-{self.controller_step:06d}-'
f'{max_R:6.4f}-best.png')
path = os.path.join(self.args.model_dir, 'networks', fname)
utils.draw_network(best_dag, path)
self.tb.image_summary('derive/best', [path], self.epoch)
return best_dag
@property
def shared_lr(self):
degree = max(self.epoch - self.args.shared_decay_after + 1, 0)
return self.args.shared_lr * (self.args.shared_decay**degree)
@property
def controller_lr(self):
return self.args.controller_lr
def get_batch(self, source, idx, length=None, volatile=False):
# code from
# https://github.com/pytorch/examples/blob/master/word_language_model/main.py
length = min(length if length else self.max_length,
len(source) - 1 - idx)
data = Variable(source[idx:idx + length], volatile=volatile)
target = Variable(source[idx + 1:idx + 1 + length].view(-1),
volatile=volatile)
return data, target
@property
def shared_path(self):
return f'{self.args.model_dir}/shared_epoch{self.epoch}_step{self.shared_step}.pth'
@property
def controller_path(self):
return f'{self.args.model_dir}/controller_epoch{self.epoch}_step{self.controller_step}.pth'
def get_saved_models_info(self):
paths = glob.glob(os.path.join(self.args.model_dir, '*.pth'))
paths.sort()
def get_numbers(items, delimiter, idx, replace_word, must_contain=''):
return list(
set([
int(name.split(delimiter)[idx].replace(replace_word, ''))
for name in basenames if must_contain in name
]))
basenames = [
os.path.basename(path.rsplit('.', 1)[0]) for path in paths
]
epochs = get_numbers(basenames, '_', 1, 'epoch')
shared_steps = get_numbers(basenames, '_', 2, 'step', 'shared')
controller_steps = get_numbers(basenames, '_', 2, 'step', 'controller')
epochs.sort()
shared_steps.sort()
controller_steps.sort()
return epochs, shared_steps, controller_steps
def save_model(self):
torch.save(self.shared.state_dict(), self.shared_path)
logger.info(f'[*] SAVED: {self.shared_path}')
torch.save(self.controller.state_dict(), self.controller_path)
logger.info(f'[*] SAVED: {self.controller_path}')
epochs, shared_steps, controller_steps = self.get_saved_models_info()
for epoch in epochs[:-self.args.max_save_num]:
paths = glob.glob(
os.path.join(self.args.model_dir, f'*_epoch{epoch}_*.pth'))
for path in paths:
utils.remove_file(path)
def load_model(self):
epochs, shared_steps, controller_steps = self.get_saved_models_info()
if len(epochs) == 0:
logger.info(f'[!] No checkpoint found in {self.args.model_dir}...')
return
self.epoch = self.start_epoch = max(epochs)
self.shared_step = max(shared_steps)
self.controller_step = max(controller_steps)
if self.args.num_gpu == 0:
map_location = lambda storage, loc: storage
else:
map_location = None
self.shared.load_state_dict(
torch.load(self.shared_path, map_location=map_location))
logger.info(f'[*] LOADED: {self.shared_path}')
self.controller.load_state_dict(
torch.load(self.controller_path, map_location=map_location))
logger.info(f'[*] LOADED: {self.controller_path}')
def _summarize_controller_train(self, total_loss, adv_history,
entropy_history, reward_history,
avg_reward_base, dags):
"""Logs the controller's progress for this training epoch."""
cur_loss = total_loss / self.args.log_step
avg_adv = np.mean(adv_history)
avg_entropy = np.mean(entropy_history)
avg_reward = np.mean(reward_history)
if avg_reward_base is None:
avg_reward_base = avg_reward
logger.info(f'| epoch {self.epoch:3d} | lr {self.controller_lr:.5f} '
f'| R {avg_reward:.5f} | entropy {avg_entropy:.4f} '
f'| loss {cur_loss:.5f}')
# Tensorboard
if self.tb is not None:
self.tb.scalar_summary('controller/loss', cur_loss,
self.controller_step)
self.tb.scalar_summary('controller/reward', avg_reward,
self.controller_step)
self.tb.scalar_summary('controller/reward-B_per_epoch',
avg_reward - avg_reward_base,
self.controller_step)
self.tb.scalar_summary('controller/entropy', avg_entropy,
self.controller_step)
self.tb.scalar_summary('controller/adv', avg_adv,
self.controller_step)
paths = []
for dag in dags:
fname = (f'{self.epoch:03d}-{self.controller_step:06d}-'
f'{avg_reward:6.4f}.png')
path = os.path.join(self.args.model_dir, 'networks', fname)
utils.draw_network(dag, path)
paths.append(path)
self.tb.image_summary('controller/sample', paths,
self.controller_step)
def _summarize_shared_train(self, total_loss, raw_total_loss):
"""Logs a set of training steps."""
cur_loss = utils.to_item(total_loss) / self.args.log_step
# NOTE(brendan): The raw loss, without adding in the activation
# regularization terms, should be used to compute ppl.
cur_raw_loss = utils.to_item(raw_total_loss) / self.args.log_step
ppl = math.exp(cur_raw_loss)
logger.info(f'| epoch {self.epoch:3d} '
f'| lr {self.shared_lr:4.2f} '
f'| raw loss {cur_raw_loss:.2f} '
f'| loss {cur_loss:.2f} '
f'| ppl {ppl:8.2f}')
# Tensorboard
if self.tb is not None:
self.tb.scalar_summary('shared/loss', cur_loss, self.shared_step)
self.tb.scalar_summary('shared/perplexity', ppl, self.shared_step)
class Trainer(object):
def __init__(self, args, dataset):
self.args = args
self.cuda = args.cuda
self.dataset = dataset
self.train_data = batchify(dataset.train, args.batch_size, self.cuda)
self.valid_data = batchify(dataset.valid, args.batch_size, self.cuda)
self.test_data = batchify(dataset.test, args.test_batch_size,
self.cuda)
self.max_length = self.args.shared_rnn_max_length
if args.use_tensorboard:
self.tb = TensorBoard(args.model_dir)
else:
self.tb = None
self.build_model()
if self.args.load_path:
self.load_model()
def build_model(self):
self.start_epoch = self.epoch = 0
self.shared_step, self.controller_step = 0, 0
if self.args.network_type == 'rnn':
self.shared = RNN(self.args, self.dataset)
elif self.args.network_type == 'cnn':
self.shared = CNN(self.args, self.dataset)
else:
raise NotImplemented(
f"Network type `{self.args.network_type}` is not defined")
self.controller = Controller(self.args)
if self.args.num_gpu == 1:
self.shared.cuda()
self.controller.cuda()
elif self.args.num_gpu > 1:
raise NotImplemented("`num_gpu > 1` is in progress")
self.ce = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
def train(self):
shared_optimizer = get_optimizer(self.args.shared_optim)
controller_optimizer = get_optimizer(self.args.controller_optim)
self.shared_optim = shared_optimizer(
self.shared.parameters(),
lr=self.shared_lr,
weight_decay=self.args.shared_l2_reg)
self.controller_optim = controller_optimizer(
self.controller.parameters(), lr=self.args.controller_lr)
hidden = self.shared.init_hidden(self.args.batch_size)
for self.epoch in range(self.start_epoch, self.args.max_epoch):
# 1. Training the shared parameters ω of the child models
hidden = self.train_shared(hidden)
# 2. Training the controller parameters θ
self.train_controller()
if self.epoch % self.args.save_epoch == 0:
if self.epoch > 0:
best_dag = self.derive()
loss, ppl = self.test(self.test_data, best_dag,
"test_best")
self.save_model()
if self.epoch >= self.args.shared_decay_after:
update_lr(self.shared_optim, self.shared_lr)
def get_loss(self, inputs, targets, hidden, dags, with_hidden=False):
if type(dags) != list:
dags = [dags]
loss = 0
for dag in dags:
# previous hidden is useless
output, hidden = self.shared(inputs, hidden, dag)
output_flat = output.view(-1, self.dataset.num_tokens)
sample_loss = self.ce(output_flat,
targets) / self.args.shared_num_sample
loss += sample_loss
if with_hidden:
assert len(
dags) == 1, "there are multiple `hidden` for multple `dags`"
return loss, hidden
else:
return loss
def train_shared(self, hidden):
total_loss = 0
model = self.shared
model.train()
step, train_idx = 0, 0
pbar = tqdm(total=self.train_data.size(0), desc="train_shared")
while train_idx < self.train_data.size(0) - 1 - 1:
if step > self.args.shared_max_step:
break
dags = self.controller.sample(self.args.shared_num_sample)
inputs, targets = self.get_batch(self.train_data, train_idx,
self.max_length)
loss = self.get_loss(inputs, targets, hidden, dags)
# update
self.shared_optim.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
t.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm(model.parameters(),
self.args.shared_grad_clip)
self.shared_optim.step()
total_loss += loss.data
pbar.set_description(f"train_shared| loss: {loss.data[0]:5.3f}")
if step % self.args.log_step == 0 and step > 0:
cur_loss = total_loss[0] / self.args.log_step
ppl = math.exp(cur_loss)
logger.info(
f'| epoch {self.epoch:3d} | lr {self.shared_lr:4.2f} '
f'| loss {cur_loss:.2f} | ppl {ppl:8.2f}')
# Tensorboard
if self.tb is not None:
self.tb.scalar_summary("shared/loss", cur_loss,
self.shared_step)
self.tb.scalar_summary("shared/perplexity", ppl,
self.shared_step)
total_loss = 0
step += 1
self.shared_step += 1
train_idx += self.max_length
pbar.update(self.max_length)
def get_reward(self, dag, valid_idx=None):
if valid_idx:
valid_idx = 0
inputs, targets = self.get_batch(self.valid_data, valid_idx,
self.max_length)
valid_loss = self.get_loss(inputs, targets, None, dag)
valid_ppl = math.exp(valid_loss.data[0])
R = self.args.reward_c / valid_ppl
return R
def train_controller(self):
total_loss = 0
model = self.controller
model.train()
pbar = trange(self.args.controller_max_step, desc="train_controller")
baseline = None
reward_history, adv_history, entropy_history = [], [], []
valid_idx = 0
for step in pbar:
# sample models
dags, log_probs, entropies = self.controller.sample(
with_details=True)
# calculate reward
R = self.get_reward(dags, valid_idx)
reward_history.append(R)
entropy_history.extend(entropies)
# moving average baseline
if baseline is None:
baseline = R
else:
decay = self.args.ema_baseline_decay
baseline = decay * baseline + (1 - decay) * R
adv = R - baseline
adv_history.append(adv)
pbar.set_description(
f"train_controller| R: {R:8.6f} | R-b: {adv:8.6f}")
rewards = [0] * (2 * (self.args.num_blocks - 1)) + [adv]
# discount
if self.args.discount == 1:
rewards = [adv] * len(log_probs)
elif self.args.discount > 0:
rewards = discount(rewards, self.args.discount)
#rewards = (rewards - rewards.mean()) / (rewards.std() + np.finfo(np.float32).eps)
# policy loss
loss = 0
for log_prob, reward, entropy in zip(log_probs, rewards,
entropies):
loss = loss - log_prob * reward - self.args.entropy_coeff * entropy
# update
self.controller_optim.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
self.controller_optim.step()
total_loss += loss.data
if step % self.args.log_step == 0 and step > 0:
cur_loss = total_loss[0][0] / self.args.log_step
avg_reward = np.mean(reward_history)
avg_entropy = np.mean(entropy_history)
avg_adv = np.mean(adv_history)
logger.info(
f'| epoch {self.epoch:3d} | lr {self.controller_lr:.5f} '
f'| R {avg_reward:.5f} | entropy {avg_entropy:.4f} '
f'| loss {cur_loss:.5f}')
# Tensorboard
if self.tb is not None:
self.tb.scalar_summary("controller/loss", cur_loss,
self.controller_step)
self.tb.scalar_summary("controller/reward", avg_reward,
self.controller_step)
self.tb.scalar_summary("controller/entropy", avg_entropy,
self.controller_step)
self.tb.scalar_summary("controller/adv", avg_adv,
self.controller_step)
paths = []
for dag in dags:
fname = f"{self.epoch:03d}-{self.controller_step:06d}-{avg_reward:6.4f}.png"
path = os.path.join(self.args.model_dir, "networks",
fname)
draw_network(dag, path)
paths.append(path)
self.tb.image_summary("controller/sample", paths,
self.controller_step)
reward_history, adv_history, entropy_history = [], [], []
self.controller_step += 1
valid_idx = (valid_idx +
self.max_length) % (self.valid_data.size(0) - 1)
def test(self, source, dag, name, batch_size=1):
self.shared.eval()
self.controller.eval()
total_loss = 0
hidden = self.shared.init_hidden(batch_size)
pbar = trange(0, source.size(0) - 1, self.max_length, desc="test")
for count, idx in enumerate(pbar):
data, targets = self.get_batch(source, idx, evaluation=True)
output, hidden = self.shared(data, hidden, dag)
output_flat = output.view(-1, self.dataset.num_tokens)
total_loss += len(data) * self.ce(output_flat, targets).data
hidden = detach(hidden)
ppl = math.exp(total_loss[0] / (count + 1) / self.max_length)
pbar.set_description(f"test| ppl: {ppl:8.2f}")
test_loss = total_loss[0] / len(source)
ppl = math.exp(test_loss)
self.tb.scalar_summary(f"test/{name}_loss", test_loss, self.epoch)
self.tb.scalar_summary(f"test/{name}_ppl", ppl, self.epoch)
return test_loss, ppl
def derive(self, valid_idx=0, sample_num=None):
if sample_num is None:
sample_num = self.args.derive_num_sample
dags = self.controller.sample(sample_num)
max_R, best_dag = 0, None
pbar = tqdm(dags, desc="derive")
for dag in pbar:
R = self.get_reward(dag, valid_idx)
if R > max_R:
max_R = R
best_dag = dag
pbar.set_description(f"derive| max_R: {max_R:8.6f}")
fname = f"{self.epoch:03d}-{self.controller_step:06d}-{max_R:6.4f}-best.png"
path = os.path.join(self.args.model_dir, "networks", fname)
draw_network(best_dag, path)
self.tb.image_summary("derive/best", [path], self.epoch)
return best_dag
@property
def shared_lr(self):
degree = max(self.epoch - self.args.shared_decay_after + 1, 0)
return self.args.shared_lr * (self.args.shared_decay**degree)
@property
def controller_lr(self):
return self.args.controller_lr
def get_batch(self, source, idx, length=None, evaluation=False):
# code from https://github.com/pytorch/examples/blob/master/word_language_model/main.py
length = min(length if length else self.max_length,
len(source) - 1 - idx)
data = Variable(source[idx:idx + length], volatile=evaluation)
target = Variable(source[idx + 1:idx + 1 + length].view(-1))
return data, target
@property
def shared_path(self):
return f'{self.args.model_dir}/shared_epoch{self.epoch}_step{self.shared_step}.pth'
@property
def controller_path(self):
return f'{self.args.model_dir}/controller_epoch{self.epoch}_step{self.controller_step}.pth'
def get_saved_models_info(self):
paths = glob(os.path.join(self.args.model_dir, '*.pth'))
paths.sort()
def get_numbers(items, delimiter, idx, replace_word, must_contain=''):
return list(
set([
int(name.split(delimiter)[idx].replace(replace_word, ''))
for name in basenames if must_contain in name
]))
basenames = [
os.path.basename(path.rsplit('.', 1)[0]) for path in paths
]
epochs = get_numbers(basenames, '_', 1, 'epoch')
shared_steps = get_numbers(basenames, '_', 2, 'step', 'shared')
controller_steps = get_numbers(basenames, '_', 2, 'step', 'controller')
epochs.sort()
shared_steps.sort()
controller_steps.sort()
return epochs, shared_steps, controller_steps
def save_model(self):
t.save(self.shared.state_dict(), self.shared_path)
logger.info(f"[*] SAVED: {self.shared_path}")
t.save(self.controller.state_dict(), self.controller_path)
logger.info(f"[*] SAVED: {self.controller_path}")
epochs, shared_steps, controller_steps = self.get_saved_models_info()
for epoch in epochs[:-self.args.max_save_num]:
paths = glob(
os.path.join(self.args.model_dir, f'*_epoch{epoch}_*.pth'))
for path in paths:
remove_file(path)
def load_model(self):
epochs, shared_steps, controller_steps = self.get_saved_models_info()
if len(epochs) == 0:
logger.info(f"[!] No checkpoint found in {self.args.model_dir}...")
return
self.start_epoch = max(epochs)
self.shared_step = max(shared_steps)
self.controller_step = max(controller_steps)
if self.args.num_gpu == 0:
map_location = lambda storage, loc: storage
else:
map_location = None
self.shared.load_state_dict(
t.load(self.shared_path, map_location=map_location))
logger.info(f"[*] LOADED: {self.shared_path}")
self.controller.load_state_dict(
t.load(self.controller_path, map_location=map_location))
logger.info(f"[*] LOADED: {self.controller_path}")
class Trainer(object):
"""A class to wrap training code."""
def __init__(self, args, dataset):
"""Constructor for training algorithm.
Args:
args: From command line, picked up by `argparse`.
dataset: Currently only `data.text.Corpus` is supported.
Initializes:
- Data: train, val and test.
- Model: shared and controller.
- Inference: optimizers for shared and controller parameters.
- Criticism: cross-entropy loss for training the shared model.
"""
self.args = args
self.controller_step = 0
self.cuda = args.cuda
self.dataset = dataset
self.epoch = 0
self.shared_step = 0
self.start_epoch = 0
logger.info('regularizing:')
for regularizer in [('activation regularization',
self.args.activation_regularization),
('temporal activation regularization',
self.args.temporal_activation_regularization),
('norm stabilizer regularization',
self.args.norm_stabilizer_regularization)]:
if regularizer[1]:
logger.info('{0}'.format(regularizer[0]))
self.train_data = utils.batchify(dataset.train, args.batch_size,
self.cuda)
# NOTE(brendan): The validation set data is batchified twice
# separately: once for computing rewards during the Train Controller
# phase (valid_data, batch size == 64), and once for evaluating ppl
# over the entire validation set (eval_data, batch size == 1)
self.valid_data = utils.batchify(dataset.valid, args.batch_size,
self.cuda)
self.eval_data = utils.batchify(dataset.valid, args.test_batch_size,
self.cuda)
self.test_data = utils.batchify(dataset.test, args.test_batch_size,
self.cuda)
self.max_length = self.args.shared_rnn_max_length # default=35
if args.use_tensorboard:
self.tb = TensorBoard(args.model_dir)
else:
self.tb = None
self.build_model() # 创建一个模型存入self.shared中，这里可以是RNN或CNN，再创建一个Controler
if self.args.load_path:
self.load_model()
shared_optimizer = _get_optimizer(self.args.shared_optim)
controller_optimizer = _get_optimizer(self.args.controller_optim)
self.shared_optim = shared_optimizer(
self.shared.parameters(),
lr=self.shared_lr,
weight_decay=self.args.shared_l2_reg)
self.controller_optim = controller_optimizer(
self.controller.parameters(), lr=self.args.controller_lr)
self.ce = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
def build_model(self):
"""Creates and initializes the shared and controller models."""
if self.args.network_type == 'rnn':
self.shared = models.RNN(self.args, self.dataset)
elif self.args.network_type == 'cnn':
self.shared = models.CNN(self.args, self.dataset)
else:
raise NotImplementedError(
'Network type `{0}` is not defined'.format(
self.args.network_type))
self.controller = models.Controller(
self.args
) # 构建了一个orward：Embedding（130,100）->lstm（100,100）->decoder的列表，对应25个decoder
if self.args.num_gpu == 1:
self.shared.cuda()
self.controller.cuda()
elif self.args.num_gpu > 1:
raise NotImplementedError('`num_gpu > 1` is in progress')
def train(self, single=False):
"""Cycles through alternately training the shared parameters and the
controller, as described in Section 2.2, Training ENAS and Deriving
Architectures, of the paper.
From the paper (for Penn Treebank):
- In the first phase, shared parameters omega are trained for 400
steps, each on a minibatch of 64 examples.
- In the second phase, the controller's parameters are trained for 2000
steps.
Args:
single (bool): If True it won't train the controller and use the
same dag instead of derive().
"""
dag = utils.load_dag(self.args) if single else None # 初始训练dag=None
if self.args.shared_initial_step > 0: # self.args.shared_initial_step default=0
self.train_shared(self.args.shared_initial_step)
self.train_controller()
for self.epoch in range(
self.start_epoch,
self.args.max_epoch): # start_epoch=0,max_epoch=150
# 1. Training the shared parameters omega of the child models
# 训练RNN，先用Controller随机生成一个dag，然后用这个dag构建一个RNNcell，然后用这个RNNcell去做下一个词预测，得到loss
self.train_shared(dag=dag)
# 2. Training the controller parameters theta
if not single:
self.train_controller()
if self.epoch % self.args.save_epoch == 0:
with _get_no_grad_ctx_mgr():
best_dag = dag if dag else self.derive()
self.evaluate(self.eval_data,
best_dag,
'val_best',
max_num=self.args.batch_size * 100)
self.save_model()
#应该是逐渐降低学习率
if self.epoch >= self.args.shared_decay_after:
utils.update_lr(self.shared_optim, self.shared_lr)
def get_loss(self, inputs, targets, hidden, dags):
"""
:param inputs:输入数据，[35,64]
:param targets: 目标数据（相当于标签）[35,64] 输入的词后移一个词
:param hidden: 隐藏层参数
:param dags: RNN 的cell结构
:return: decoded(35,64,10000),hidden(64,1000),extra_out{dropped_output(35,64,1000),h1tohT(35,64,1000),raw_output(35,64,1000)
"""
"""Computes the loss for the same batch for M models.
This amounts to an estimate of the loss, which is turned into an
estimate for the gradients of the shared model.
"""
if not isinstance(dags, list):
dags = [dags]
loss = 0
for dag in dags:
# decoded(35,64,10000),hidden(64,1000),extra_out{dropped_output(35,64,1000),h1tohT(35,64,1000),raw_output(35,64,1000)
output, hidden, extra_out = self.shared(
inputs, dag, hidden=hidden) # RNN.forward
output_flat = output.view(-1,
self.dataset.num_tokens) # (2240,10000)
# self.ce=nn.CrossEntropyLoss() target(2240) shared_num_sample=1
sample_loss = (self.ce(output_flat, targets) /
self.args.shared_num_sample)
loss += sample_loss
assert len(dags) == 1, 'there are multiple `hidden` for multple `dags`'
return loss, hidden, extra_out
def train_shared(self, max_step=None, dag=None):
"""Train the language model for 400 steps of minibatches of 64
examples.
Args:
max_step: Used to run extra training steps as a warm-up.
dag: If not None, is used instead of calling sample().
BPTT is truncated at 35 timesteps. #基于时间的反向传播算法BPTT(Back Propagation Trough Time)
For each weight update, gradients are estimated by sampling M models
from the fixed controller policy, and averaging their gradients
computed on a batch of training data.
"""
model = self.shared # model.RNN
model.train(
) # set RNN.training属性为true 即当前训练的是RNN而不训练Controller https://pytorch.org/docs/stable/_modules/torch/nn/modules/module.html#Module.train
self.controller.eval(
) # Sets the module in evaluation mode. This is equivalent with self.train(False).
# 功能：初始化variable，即全零的Tensor
hidden = self.shared.init_hidden(self.args.batch_size)
if max_step is None:
max_step = self.args.shared_max_step # shared_max_step=150
else:
max_step = min(self.args.shared_max_step, max_step)
abs_max_grad = 0
abs_max_hidden_norm = 0
step = 0
raw_total_loss = 0 # 用于统计结果的，和计算过程无关
total_loss = 0
train_idx = 0
# TODO(brendan): Why - 1 - 1?为什么-1-1？
# TODO(为什么-1-1)这里的train_idx是批次的编号，一共14524个batch（每个batch有64个词）为了训练输入数据不可能取最后一个batch
# TODO(为什么-1-1)因为如果是最后一个batch就没有target了，因此最后一个batch是倒数第二个，而倒数第二个的下标是 size-2
# self.train_data.size(0) 14524
while train_idx < self.train_data.size(0) - 1 - 1:
if step > max_step:
break
# Controller负责sample一个dag出来，是一个list，里面有一个defaultdict，存储了dag的连接信息
# 这一步只是提取Controller的值，并没有训练，初始的时候也是随机得出来的一个dag
dags = dag if dag else self.controller.sample(
batch_size=self.args.shared_num_sample
) # shared_num_sample:default=1
# 提取一个max_length长度的数据集（35,64），35个批次，每个批次64个词，组成一个训练批次
# input是训练数据，target是每个输入的词后面的词，用于训练RNN的
inputs, targets = self.get_batch(self.train_data, train_idx,
self.max_length) # max_length=35
# get_loss完成了由dag生成的RNNcell的前向计算
loss, hidden, extra_out = self.get_loss(inputs, targets, hidden,
dags)
# Detaches the Tensor from the graph that created it, making it a leaf. Views cannot be detached in-place.
hidden.detach_()
raw_total_loss += loss.data
# 根据命令行参数加一下正则惩罚项
loss += _apply_penalties(extra_out, self.args)
# update
self.shared_optim.zero_grad()
loss.backward() # 反向更新
h1tohT = extra_out['hiddens']
# 和日志有关，和计算无关
new_abs_max_hidden_norm = utils.to_item(
h1tohT.norm(dim=-1).data.max())
if new_abs_max_hidden_norm > abs_max_hidden_norm:
abs_max_hidden_norm = new_abs_max_hidden_norm
logger.info('max hidden {0}'.format(abs_max_hidden_norm))
# 函数的功能是获取Tensor图中的最大梯度，来检测是否出现梯度爆炸，但好像后面没有使用
abs_max_grad = _check_abs_max_grad(abs_max_grad, model)
# Clips gradient norm of an iterable of parameters.
# The norm is computed over all gradients together, as if they were concatenated into a single vector.
# Gradients are modified in-place.
torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm(
model.parameters(),
self.args.shared_grad_clip) # shared_grad_clip=0.25
self.shared_optim.step() # Performs a single optimization step.
total_loss += loss.data
# 和log有关
if ((step % self.args.log_step) == 0) and (step > 0):
self._summarize_shared_train(total_loss, raw_total_loss)
raw_total_loss = 0
total_loss = 0
step += 1
self.shared_step += 1
train_idx += self.max_length # max_length:35，下一个batch
def get_reward(self, dag, entropies, hidden, valid_idx=0):
"""Computes the perplexity of a single sampled model on a minibatch of
validation data.
计算模型的PPL：每个词的条件预测概率（即已知前n个词预测第n+1个词的概率）的累积的倒数开N（全体词的数量）次方
"""
if not isinstance(entropies, np.ndarray):
entropies = entropies.data.cpu().numpy()
inputs, targets = self.get_batch(self.valid_data,
valid_idx,
self.max_length,
volatile=True)
valid_loss, hidden, _ = self.get_loss(inputs, targets, hidden,
dag) #RNN.forward
valid_loss = utils.to_item(valid_loss.data)
valid_ppl = math.exp(valid_loss) #计算PPL
# TODO: we don't know reward_c
if self.args.ppl_square: #default:false
# TODO: but we do know reward_c=80 in the previous paper
R = self.args.reward_c / valid_ppl**2
else:
R = self.args.reward_c / valid_ppl #这个值的作用在NAS(Zoph and Le, 2017) page 8 states that c is a constant
if self.args.entropy_mode == 'reward': #entroy_mode：default：reward
rewards = R + self.args.entropy_coeff * entropies # entropy_coeff：default=1e-4
elif self.args.entropy_mode == 'regularizer':
rewards = R * np.ones_like(entropies)
else:
raise NotImplementedError('Unkown entropy mode: {0}'.format(
self.args.entropy_mode))
return rewards, hidden
def train_controller(self):
"""Fixes the shared parameters and updates the controller parameters.
The controller is updated with a score function gradient estimator
(i.e., REINFORCE), with the reward being c/valid_ppl, where valid_ppl
is computed on a minibatch of validation data.
A moving average baseline is used.
The controller is trained for 2000 steps per epoch (i.e.,
first (Train Shared) phase -> second (Train Controller) phase).
"""
model = self.controller
model.train() # 设置Controller的train属性为true，当前训练Controller
# 这里为什么不调用hared.eval()? 这是因为会导致Controller的loss一直为零。
# self.shared.eval()，上面的解释应该是Brendon这个人测试之后的结论
avg_reward_base = None
baseline = None
# 这几个是用于统计信息的
adv_history = []
entropy_history = []
reward_history = []
hidden = self.shared.init_hidden(self.args.batch_size)
total_loss = 0
valid_idx = 0
for step in range(self.args.controller_max_step): #controller_max_step
# sample models
#dags:list([1])(defaultdict([25])),log_probs:Tensor.size([23]),entropies:Tensor.size([23])交叉熵：-ylogy
dags, log_probs, entropies = self.controller.sample(
with_details=True)
# calculate reward
np_entropies = entropies.data.cpu().numpy()
# NOTE(brendan): No gradients should be backpropagated to the
# shared model during controller training, obviously.
"""
with 语句实质是上下文管理。
1、上下文管理协议。包含方法__enter__() 和 __exit__()，支持该协议对象要实现这两个方法。
2、上下文管理器，定义执行with语句时要建立的运行时上下文，负责执行with语句块上下文中的进入与退出操作。
3、进入上下文的时候执行__enter__方法，如果设置as var语句，var变量接受__enter__()方法返回值。
4、如果运行时发生了异常，就退出上下文管理器。调用管理器__exit__方法。
"""
# 创建了一个torch.no_grad()的上下文，执行get_reward的时候是不需要计算梯度的，执行完get_reward在恢复计算梯度模式
with _get_no_grad_ctx_mgr():
rewards, hidden = self.get_reward(dags, np_entropies, hidden,
valid_idx)
# discount 默认未启用
if 1 > self.args.discount > 0: #discout:default=1
rewards = discount(rewards, self.args.discount)
reward_history.extend(rewards)
entropy_history.extend(np_entropies)
# moving average baseline
if baseline is None:
baseline = rewards
else:
decay = self.args.ema_baseline_decay #****ema_baseline_decay:default=0.95 very important
baseline = decay * baseline + (1 - decay) * rewards
adv = rewards - baseline
adv_history.extend(adv)
# policy loss
loss = -log_probs * utils.get_variable(
adv, self.cuda, requires_grad=False)
if self.args.entropy_mode == 'regularizer': #entropy_mode:default='reward'
loss -= self.args.entropy_coeff * entropies
loss = loss.sum() # or loss.mean()
# update
self.controller_optim.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
if self.args.controller_grad_clip > 0:
torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm(model.parameters(),
self.args.controller_grad_clip)
self.controller_optim.step()
total_loss += utils.to_item(loss.data)
if ((step % self.args.log_step) == 0) and (step > 0):
self._summarize_controller_train(total_loss, adv_history,
entropy_history,
reward_history,
avg_reward_base, dags)
reward_history, adv_history, entropy_history = [], [], []
total_loss = 0
self.controller_step += 1
prev_valid_idx = valid_idx
valid_idx = ((valid_idx + self.max_length) %
(self.valid_data.size(0) - 1))
# NOTE(brendan): Whenever we wrap around to the beginning of the
# validation data, we reset the hidden states.
if prev_valid_idx > valid_idx:
hidden = self.shared.init_hidden(self.args.batch_size)
def evaluate(self, source, dag, name, batch_size=1, max_num=None):
"""Evaluate on the validation set.
NOTE(brendan): We should not be using the test set to develop the
algorithm (basic machine learning good practices).
"""
self.shared.eval()
self.controller.eval()
data = source[:max_num * self.max_length]
total_loss = 0
hidden = self.shared.init_hidden(batch_size)
pbar = range(0, data.size(0) - 1, self.max_length)
for count, idx in enumerate(pbar):
inputs, targets = self.get_batch(data, idx, volatile=True)
output, hidden, _ = self.shared(inputs,
dag,
hidden=hidden,
is_train=False)
output_flat = output.view(-1, self.dataset.num_tokens)
total_loss += len(inputs) * self.ce(output_flat, targets).data
hidden.detach_()
ppl = math.exp(
utils.to_item(total_loss) / (count + 1) / self.max_length)
val_loss = utils.to_item(total_loss) / len(data)
ppl = math.exp(val_loss)
self.tb.scalar_summary('eval/{0}_loss'.format(name), val_loss,
self.epoch)
self.tb.scalar_summary('eval/{0}_ppl'.format(name), ppl, self.epoch)
logger.info('eval | loss: {0:8.2f} | ppl: {1:8.2f}'.format(
val_loss, ppl))
def derive(self, sample_num=None, valid_idx=0):
"""TODO(brendan): We are always deriving based on the very first batch
of validation data? This seems wrong...
"""
hidden = self.shared.init_hidden(self.args.batch_size)
if sample_num is None:
sample_num = self.args.derive_num_sample
dags, _, entropies = self.controller.sample(sample_num,
with_details=True)
max_R = 0
best_dag = None
for dag in dags:
R, _ = self.get_reward(dag, entropies, hidden, valid_idx)
if R.max() > max_R:
max_R = R.max()
best_dag = dag
logger.info('derive | max_R: {0:8.6f}'.format(max_R))
fname = ('{0:03d}-{1:06d}-{2:6.4f}-best.png'.format(
self.epoch, self.controller_step, max_R))
path = os.path.join(self.args.model_dir, 'networks', fname)
#utils.draw_network(best_dag, path)
#self.tb.image_summary('derive/best', [path], self.epoch)
return best_dag
@property
def shared_lr(self):
degree = max(self.epoch - self.args.shared_decay_after + 1, 0)
return self.args.shared_lr * (self.args.shared_decay**degree)
@property #将类方法转换为类属性，可以用 . 直接获取属性值或者对属性进行赋值
def controller_lr(self):
return self.args.controller_lr
def get_batch(self, source, idx, length=None, volatile=False):
"""
这个函数的作用是从数据集中取得length长度的数据组成一个Variable（这个操作在pytorch中已经过时了，可以直接使用Tensor来生成计算，而不用
再使用Variable来封装Tensor来计算
这里的batch指的是取词窗口组成的batch，length是最多取多少个batch_size的词
:param source:数据集train_data
:param idx: 当前数据样本索引值
:param length:max_length=35？
:param volatile（易变的）:Volatile is recommended for purely inference mode, when you’re sure you won’t be even calling .backward()
设定volatie选项为true的话则只是取值模式，而不会进行反向计算
:return:
"""
# code from
# https://github.com/pytorch/examples/blob/master/word_language_model/main.py
length = min(length if length else self.max_length,
len(source) - 1 - idx)
#UserWarning: volatile was removed and now has no effect. Use `with torch.no_grad():` instead.
data = Variable(source[idx:idx + length],
volatile=volatile) # shape(35,64) 取35个批次，每个批次64个词
target = Variable(source[idx + 1:idx + 1 + length].view(-1),
volatile=volatile) # view（35,64）->(2240)
# 这里target=data+1的意思是从data中推断下一个词
return data, target
@property
def shared_path(self):
return '{0}/shared_epoch{1:d}_step{2:d}.pth'.format(
self.args.model_dir, self.epoch, self.shared_step)
@property
def controller_path(self):
return '{}/controller_epoch{}_step{}.pth'.format(
self.args.model_dir, self.epoch, self.controller_step)
def get_saved_models_info(self):
paths = glob.glob(os.path.join(self.args.model_dir, '*.pth'))
paths.sort()
def get_numbers(items, delimiter, idx, replace_word, must_contain=''):
return list(
set([
int(name.split(delimiter)[idx].replace(replace_word, ''))
for name in basenames if must_contain in name
]))
basenames = [
os.path.basename(path.rsplit('.', 1)[0]) for path in paths
]
epochs = get_numbers(basenames, '_', 1, 'epoch')
shared_steps = get_numbers(basenames, '_', 2, 'step', 'shared')
controller_steps = get_numbers(basenames, '_', 2, 'step', 'controller')
epochs.sort()
shared_steps.sort()
controller_steps.sort()
return epochs, shared_steps, controller_steps
def save_model(self):
torch.save(self.shared.state_dict(), self.shared_path)
logger.info('[*] SAVED: {0}'.format(self.shared_path))
torch.save(self.controller.state_dict(), self.controller_path)
logger.info('[*] SAVED: {0}'.format(self.controller_path))
epochs, shared_steps, controller_steps = self.get_saved_models_info()
for epoch in epochs[:-self.args.max_save_num]:
paths = glob.glob(
os.path.join(self.args.model_dir,
'*_epoch{0}_*.pth'.format(epoch)))
for path in paths:
utils.remove_file(path)
def load_model(self):
epochs, shared_steps, controller_steps = self.get_saved_models_info()
if len(epochs) == 0:
logger.info('[!] No checkpoint found in {0}...'.format(
self.args.model_dir))
return
self.epoch = self.start_epoch = max(epochs)
self.shared_step = max(shared_steps)
self.controller_step = max(controller_steps)
if self.args.num_gpu == 0:
map_location = lambda storage, loc: storage
else:
map_location = None
self.shared.load_state_dict(
torch.load(self.shared_path, map_location=map_location))
logger.info('[*] LOADED: {0}'.format(self.shared_path))
self.controller.load_state_dict(
torch.load(self.controller_path, map_location=map_location))
logger.info('[*] LOADED: {0}'.format(self.controller_path))
def _summarize_controller_train(self, total_loss, adv_history,
entropy_history, reward_history,
avg_reward_base, dags):
"""Logs the controller's progress for this training epoch."""
cur_loss = total_loss / self.args.log_step
avg_adv = np.mean(adv_history)
avg_entropy = np.mean(entropy_history)
avg_reward = np.mean(reward_history)
if avg_reward_base is None:
avg_reward_base = avg_reward
logger.info(
'| epoch {0:3d} | lr {1:.5f} | R {2:.5f} | entropy {3:.4f} | loss {:.5f}'
.format(self.epoch, self.controller_lr, avg_reward, avg_entropy,
cur_loss))
# Tensorboard
if self.tb is not None:
self.tb.scalar_summary('controller/loss', cur_loss,
self.controller_step)
self.tb.scalar_summary('controller/reward', avg_reward,
self.controller_step)
self.tb.scalar_summary('controller/reward-B_per_epoch',
avg_reward - avg_reward_base,
self.controller_step)
self.tb.scalar_summary('controller/entropy', avg_entropy,
self.controller_step)
self.tb.scalar_summary('controller/adv', avg_adv,
self.controller_step)
paths = []
for dag in dags:
fname = ('{0:03d}-{1:06d}-{2:6.4f}.png'.format(
self.epoch, self.controller_step, avg_reward))
path = os.path.join(self.args.model_dir, 'networks', fname)
utils.draw_network(dag, path)
paths.append(path)
self.tb.image_summary('controller/sample', paths,
self.controller_step)
def _summarize_shared_train(self, total_loss, raw_total_loss):
"""Logs a set of training steps."""
cur_loss = utils.to_item(total_loss) / self.args.log_step
# NOTE(brendan): The raw loss, without adding in the activation
# regularization terms, should be used to compute ppl.
cur_raw_loss = utils.to_item(raw_total_loss) / self.args.log_step
ppl = math.exp(cur_raw_loss)
logger.info(
'| epoch {0:3d} | lr {1:4.2f} | raw loss {2:.2f} | loss {3:.2f} | ppl {4:8.2f}'
.format(self.epoch, self.shared_lr, cur_raw_loss, cur_loss, ppl))
# Tensorboard
if self.tb is not None:
self.tb.scalar_summary('shared/loss', cur_loss, self.shared_step)
self.tb.scalar_summary('shared/perplexity', ppl, self.shared_step)
class Trainer(object):
"""A class to wrap training code."""
def __init__(self, args, dataset):
"""Constructor for training algorithm.
Args:
args: From command line, picked up by `argparse`.
dataset: Currently only `data.text.Corpus` is supported.
Initializes:
- Data: train, val and test.
- Model: shared and controller.
- Inference: optimizers for shared and controller parameters.
- Criticism: cross-entropy loss for training the shared model.
"""
self.args = args
self.controller_step = 0
self.cuda = args.cuda
self.device = gpu = torch.device("cuda:0")
self.dataset = dataset
self.epoch = 0
self.shared_step = 0
self.start_epoch = 0
self.compute_fisher = False
logger.info('regularizing:')
for regularizer in [('activation regularization',
self.args.activation_regularization),
('temporal activation regularization',
self.args.temporal_activation_regularization),
('norm stabilizer regularization',
self.args.norm_stabilizer_regularization)]:
if regularizer[1]:
logger.info(f'{regularizer[0]}')
self.image_dataset = isinstance(dataset, Image)
if self.image_dataset:
self._train_data = dataset.train
self._valid_data = dataset.valid
self._test_data = dataset.test
self._eval_data = dataset.valid
self.train_data = wrap_iterator_with_name(self._train_data,
'train')
self.valid_data = wrap_iterator_with_name(self._valid_data,
'valid')
self.test_data = wrap_iterator_with_name(self._test_data, 'test')
self.eval_data = wrap_iterator_with_name(self._eval_data, 'eval')
self.max_length = 0
else:
self.train_data = utils.batchify(dataset.train, args.batch_size,
self.cuda)
self.valid_data = utils.batchify(dataset.valid, args.batch_size,
self.cuda)
self.eval_data = utils.batchify(dataset.valid,
args.test_batch_size, self.cuda)
self.test_data = utils.batchify(dataset.test, args.test_batch_size,
self.cuda)
self.max_length = self.args.shared_rnn_max_length
self.train_data_size = self.train_data.size(
0) if not self.image_dataset else len(self.train_data)
self.valid_data_size = self.valid_data.size(
0) if not self.image_dataset else len(self.valid_data)
self.test_data_size = self.test_data.size(
0) if not self.image_dataset else len(self.test_data)
# Visualization
if args.use_tensorboard:
self.tb = TensorBoard(args.model_dir)
else:
self.tb = None
self.draw_network = utils.draw_network
self.build_model()
if self.args.load_path:
self.load_model()
shared_optimizer = _get_optimizer(self.args.shared_optim)
controller_optimizer = _get_optimizer(self.args.controller_optim)
# As fisher information, and it should be seen by this model, to get the loss.
self.shared_optim = shared_optimizer(
self.shared.parameters(),
lr=self.shared_lr,
weight_decay=self.args.shared_l2_reg)
self.controller_optim = controller_optimizer(
self.controller.parameters(), lr=self.args.controller_lr)
self.ce = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
self.top_k_acc = top_k_accuracy
def build_model(self):
"""Creates and initializes the shared and controller models."""
if self.args.network_type == 'rnn':
self.shared = models.RNN(self.args, self.dataset)
self.controller = models.Controller(self.args)
elif self.args.network_type == 'micro_cnn':
self.shared = models.CNN(self.args, self.dataset)
self.controller = models.CNNMicroController(self.args)
else:
raise NotImplementedError(f'Network type '
f'`{self.args.network_type}` is not '
f'defined')
if self.args.num_gpu == 1:
if torch.__version__ == '0.3.1':
self.shared.cuda()
self.controller.cuda()
else:
self.shared.to(self.device)
self.controller.to(self.device)
elif self.args.num_gpu > 1:
raise NotImplementedError('`num_gpu > 1` is in progress')
def train(self):
"""Cycles through alternately training the shared parameters and the
controller, as described in Section 2.2, Training ENAS and Deriving
Architectures, of the paper.
From the paper (for Penn Treebank):
- In the first phase, shared parameters omega are trained for 400
steps, each on a minibatch of 64 examples.
- In the second phase, the controller's parameters are trained for 2000
steps.
"""
if self.args.shared_initial_step > 0:
self.train_shared(self.args.shared_initial_step)
self.train_controller()
for self.epoch in range(self.start_epoch, self.args.max_epoch):
if self.epoch >= self.args.start_using_fisher:
self.compute_fisher = True
if self.args.set_fisher_zero_per_iter > 0 \
and self.epoch % self.args.set_fisher_zero_per_iter == 0:
self.shared.set_fisher_zero()
# 1. Training the shared parameters omega of the child models
self.train_shared()
# 2. Training the controller parameters theta
if self.args.train_controller:
if self.epoch < self.args.stop_training_controller:
self.train_controller()
if self.epoch % self.args.save_epoch == 0:
with _get_no_grad_ctx_mgr():
best_dag = self.derive()
self.evaluate(self.eval_data,
best_dag,
'val_best',
max_num=self.args.batch_size * 100)
self.save_model()
if self.epoch >= self.args.shared_decay_after:
utils.update_lr(self.shared_optim, self.shared_lr)
def get_loss(self, inputs, targets, dags, **kwargs):
"""Computes the loss for the same batch for M models.
This amounts to an estimate of the loss, which is turned into an
estimate for the gradients of the shared model.
We store, compute the new WPL.
:param **kwargs: passed into self.shared(, such as hidden)
"""
if not isinstance(dags, list):
dags = [dags]
loss = 0
for dag in dags:
output, hidden, extra_out = self.shared(inputs, dag, **kwargs)
output_flat = output.view(-1, self.dataset.num_classes)
sample_loss = (self.ce(output_flat, targets) /
self.args.shared_num_sample)
# Get WPL part
if self.compute_fisher:
wpl = self.shared.compute_weight_plastic_loss_with_update_fisher(
dag)
wpl = 0.5 * wpl
loss += sample_loss + wpl
rest_loss = wpl
else:
loss += sample_loss
rest_loss = Variable(torch.zeros(1))
# logger.info(f'Loss {loss.data[0]} = '
# f'sample_loss {sample_loss.data[0]}')
#assert len(dags) == 1, 'there are multiple `hidden` for multple `dags`'
return loss, sample_loss, rest_loss, hidden, extra_out
def train_shared(self, max_step=None):
"""Train the language model for 400 steps of minibatches of 64
examples.
Args:
max_step: Used to run extra training steps as a warm-up.
BPTT is truncated at 35 timesteps.
For each weight update, gradients are estimated by sampling M models
from the fixed controller policy, and averaging their gradients
computed on a batch of training data.
"""
valid_ppls = []
valid_ppls_after = []
model = self.shared
model.train()
self.controller.eval()
hidden = self.shared.init_training(self.args.batch_size)
v_hidden = self.shared.init_training(self.args.batch_size)
if max_step is None:
max_step = self.args.shared_max_step
else:
max_step = min(self.args.shared_max_step, max_step)
abs_max_grad = 0
abs_max_hidden_norm = 0
step = 0
raw_total_loss = 0
total_loss = 0
total_sample_loss = 0
total_rest_loss = 0
train_idx = 0
valid_idx = 0
def _run_shared_one_batch(inputs, targets, hidden, dags,
raw_total_loss):
# global abs_max_grad
# global abs_max_hidden_norm
# global raw_total_loss
loss, sample_loss, rest_loss, hidden, extra_out = self.get_loss(
inputs, targets, dags, hidden=hidden)
# Detach the hidden
# Because they are input from previous state.
hidden = utils.detach(hidden)
raw_total_loss += sample_loss.data / self.args.num_batch_per_iter
penalty_loss = _apply_penalties(extra_out, self.args)
loss += penalty_loss
rest_loss += penalty_loss
return loss, sample_loss, rest_loss, hidden, extra_out, raw_total_loss
def _clip_gradient(abs_max_grad, abs_max_hidden_norm):
h1tohT = extra_out['hiddens']
new_abs_max_hidden_norm = utils.to_item(
h1tohT.norm(dim=-1).data.max())
if new_abs_max_hidden_norm > abs_max_hidden_norm:
abs_max_hidden_norm = new_abs_max_hidden_norm
logger.info(f'max hidden {abs_max_hidden_norm}')
abs_max_grad = _check_abs_max_grad(abs_max_grad, model)
torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm(model.parameters(),
self.args.shared_grad_clip)
return abs_max_grad, abs_max_hidden_norm
def _evaluate_valid(dag):
hidden_eval = self.shared.init_training(self.args.batch_size)
inputs_eval, targets_eval = self.get_batch(self.valid_data,
0,
self.max_length,
volatile=True)
_, valid_loss_eval, _, _, _ = self.get_loss(inputs_eval,
targets_eval,
dag,
hidden=hidden_eval)
valid_loss_eval = utils.to_item(valid_loss_eval.data)
valid_ppl_eval = math.exp(valid_loss_eval)
# return valid_ppl_eval
dags_eval = []
while train_idx < self.train_data_size - 1 - 1:
if step > max_step:
break
dags = self.controller.sample(self.args.shared_num_sample)
dags_eval.append(dags[0])
for b in range(0, self.args.num_batch_per_iter):
# For each model, do the update for 30 batches.
inputs, targets = self.get_batch(self.train_data, train_idx,
self.max_length)
loss, sample_loss, rest_loss, hidden, extra_out, raw_total_loss = \
_run_shared_one_batch(
inputs, targets, hidden, dags, raw_total_loss)
# update with complete logic
# First, normally we compute one loss and do update accordingly.
# if in the last batch, we compute the fisher information
# based on two kinds of loss, complete or ce-loss only.
self.shared_optim.zero_grad()
# If it is the last training batch. Update the Fisher information
if self.compute_fisher and (not self.args.shared_valid_fisher):
if b == self.args.num_batch_per_iter - 1:
sample_loss.backward()
if self.args.shared_ce_fisher:
self.shared.update_fisher(dags[0])
rest_loss.backward()
else:
rest_loss.backward()
self.shared.update_fisher(dags[0])
else:
loss.backward()
else:
loss.backward()
abs_max_grad, abs_max_hidden_norm = _clip_gradient(
abs_max_grad, abs_max_hidden_norm)
self.shared_optim.step()
total_loss += loss.data / self.args.num_batch_per_iter
total_sample_loss += sample_loss.data / self.args.num_batch_per_iter
total_rest_loss += rest_loss.data / self.args.num_batch_per_iter
train_idx = ((train_idx + self.max_length) %
(self.train_data_size - 1))
if self.epoch > self.args.start_evaluate_diff:
valid_ppl_eval = _evaluate_valid(dags[0])
valid_ppls.append(valid_ppl_eval)
logger.info(
f'Step {step}'
f'Loss {utils.to_item(total_loss) / (step + 1):.5f} = '
f'sample_loss {utils.to_item(total_sample_loss) / (step + 1):.5f} + '
f'wpl {utils.to_item(total_rest_loss) / (step + 1):.5f}')
if ((step % self.args.log_step) == 0) and (step > 0):
self._summarize_shared_train(total_loss, raw_total_loss)
raw_total_loss = 0
total_loss = 0
total_sample_loss = 0
total_rest_loss = 0
if self.compute_fisher:
# Update with the validation dataset for fisher information after each step,
# with update the optimal weights.
v_inputs, v_targets = self.get_batch(self.valid_data,
valid_idx,
self.max_length)
v_loss, v_sample_loss, _, v_hidden, v_extra_out, _ = _run_shared_one_batch(
v_inputs, v_targets, v_hidden, dags, 0)
self.shared_optim.zero_grad()
if self.args.shared_ce_fisher:
v_sample_loss.backward()
else:
v_loss.backward()
self.shared.update_fisher(dags[0], self.epoch)
self.shared.update_optimal_weights()
valid_idx = ((valid_idx + self.max_length) %
(self.valid_data_size - 1))
step += 1
self.shared_step += 1
if self.epoch > self.args.start_evaluate_diff:
for arch in dags_eval:
valid_ppl_eval = _evaluate_valid(arch)
valid_ppls_after.append(valid_ppl_eval)
logger.info(f'valid_ppl {valid_ppl_eval}')
diff = np.array(valid_ppls_after) - np.array(valid_ppls)
logger.info(f'Mean_diff {np.mean(diff)}')
logger.info(f'Max_diff {np.amax(diff)}')
self.tb.scalar_summary(f'Mean difference', np.mean(diff),
self.epoch)
self.tb.scalar_summary(f'Max difference', np.amax(diff),
self.epoch)
self.tb.scalar_summary(f'Mean valid_ppl after training',
np.mean(np.array(valid_ppls_after)),
self.epoch)
self.tb.scalar_summary(f'Mean valid_ppl before training',
np.mean(np.array(valid_ppls)), self.epoch)
self.tb.scalar_summary(f'std_diff', np.std(np.array(diff)),
self.epoch)
def get_reward(self, dags, entropies, hidden, valid_idx=None):
"""
Computes the reward of a single sampled model or multiple on a minibatch of
validation data.
"""
if not isinstance(entropies, np.ndarray):
entropies = entropies.data.cpu().numpy()
if valid_idx is None:
valid_idx = 0
inputs, targets = self.get_batch(self.valid_data,
valid_idx,
self.max_length,
volatile=True)
_, valid_loss, _, hidden, _ = self.get_loss(inputs,
targets,
dags,
hidden=hidden)
valid_loss = utils.to_item(valid_loss.data)
valid_ppl = math.exp(valid_loss)
if self.args.ppl_square:
R = self.args.reward_c / valid_ppl**2
else:
R = self.args.reward_c / valid_ppl
if self.args.entropy_mode == 'reward':
rewards = R + self.args.entropy_coeff * entropies
elif self.args.entropy_mode == 'regularizer':
rewards = R * np.ones_like(entropies)
else:
raise NotImplementedError(
f'Unkown entropy mode: {self.args.entropy_mode}')
return rewards, hidden
def train_controller(self):
"""Fixes the shared parameters and updates the controller parameters.
The controller is updated with a score function gradient estimator
(i.e., REINFORCE), with the reward being c/valid_ppl, where valid_ppl
is computed on a minibatch of validation data.
A moving average baseline is used.
The controller is trained for 2000 steps per epoch (i.e.,
first (Train Shared) phase -> second (Train Controller) phase).
"""
model = self.controller
model.train()
avg_reward_base = None
baseline = None
adv_history = []
entropy_history = []
reward_history = []
hidden = self.shared.init_training(self.args.batch_size)
total_loss = 0
valid_idx = 0
for step in range(self.args.controller_max_step):
# print("************ train controller ****************")
# sample models
dags, log_probs, entropies = self.controller.sample(
batch_size=self.args.policy_batch_size, with_details=True)
# calculate reward
np_entropies = entropies.data.cpu().numpy()
with _get_no_grad_ctx_mgr():
rewards, hidden = self.get_reward(dags, np_entropies, hidden,
valid_idx)
# discount
if 1 > self.args.discount > 0:
rewards = discount(rewards, self.args.discount)
reward_history.extend(rewards)
entropy_history.extend(np_entropies)
# moving average baseline
if baseline is None:
baseline = rewards
else:
decay = self.args.ema_baseline_decay
baseline = decay * baseline + (1 - decay) * rewards
adv = rewards - baseline
adv_history.extend(adv)
# policy loss
loss = -log_probs * utils.get_variable(
adv, self.cuda, requires_grad=False)
if self.args.entropy_mode == 'regularizer':
loss -= self.args.entropy_coeff * entropies
loss = loss.sum() # or loss.mean()
# update
self.controller_optim.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
if self.args.controller_grad_clip > 0:
torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm(model.parameters(),
self.args.controller_grad_clip)
self.controller_optim.step()
total_loss += utils.to_item(loss.data)
if ((step % self.args.log_step) == 0) and (step > 0):
self._summarize_controller_train(total_loss, adv_history,
entropy_history,
reward_history,
avg_reward_base, dags)
reward_history, adv_history, entropy_history = [], [], []
total_loss = 0
self.controller_step += 1
prev_valid_idx = valid_idx
valid_idx = ((valid_idx + self.max_length) %
(self.valid_data_size - 1))
if prev_valid_idx > valid_idx:
hidden = self.shared.init_training(self.args.batch_size)
def evaluate(self, source, dag, name, batch_size=1, max_num=None):
"""Evaluate on the validation set.
"""
self.shared.eval()
self.controller.eval()
if self.image_dataset:
data = source
else:
data = source[:max_num * self.max_length]
total_loss = 0
hidden = self.shared.init_training(batch_size)
pbar = range(0, self.valid_data_size - 1, self.max_length)
for count, idx in enumerate(pbar):
inputs, targets = self.get_batch(data, idx, volatile=True)
output, hidden, _ = self.shared(inputs,
dag,
hidden=hidden,
is_train=False)
output_flat = output.view(-1, self.dataset.num_classes)
total_loss += len(inputs) * self.ce(output_flat, targets).data
hidden = utils.detach(hidden)
ppl = math.exp(
utils.to_item(total_loss) / (count + 1) / self.max_length)
val_loss = utils.to_item(total_loss) / len(data)
ppl = math.exp(val_loss)
self.tb.scalar_summary(f'eval/{name}_loss', val_loss, self.epoch)
self.tb.scalar_summary(f'eval/{name}_ppl', ppl, self.epoch)
logger.info(f'eval | loss: {val_loss:8.2f} | ppl: {ppl:8.2f}')
def derive(self, sample_num=None, valid_idx=0):
if sample_num is None:
sample_num = self.args.derive_num_sample
dags, _, entropies = self.controller.sample(sample_num,
with_details=True)
max_R = 0
best_dag = None
for dag in dags:
if self.image_dataset:
R, _ = self.get_reward([dag], entropies, valid_idx)
else:
hidden = self.shared.init_training(self.args.batch_size)
R, _ = self.get_reward(dag, entropies, hidden, valid_idx)
if R.max() > max_R:
max_R = R.max()
best_dag = dag
logger.info(f'derive | max_R: {max_R:8.6f}')
fname = (f'{self.epoch:03d}-{self.controller_step:06d}-'
f'{max_R:6.4f}-best.png')
path = os.path.join(self.args.model_dir, 'networks', fname)
success = self.draw_network(best_dag, path)
if success:
self.tb.image_summary('derive/best', [path], self.epoch)
return best_dag
def reset_dataloader_by_name(self, name):
""" Works for only reset _DataLoaderIter by DataLoader with name """
try:
new_iter = wrap_iterator_with_name(
iter(getattr(self, f'_{name}_data')), name)
setattr(self, f'{name}_data', new_iter)
except Exception as e:
print(e)
return new_iter
@property
def shared_lr(self):
degree = max(self.epoch - self.args.shared_decay_after + 1, 0)
return self.args.shared_lr * (self.args.shared_decay**degree)
@property
def controller_lr(self):
return self.args.controller_lr
def get_batch(self, source, idx, length=None, volatile=False):
# code from
# https://github.com/pytorch/examples/blob/master/word_language_model/main.py
if not self.image_dataset:
length = min(length if length else self.max_length,
len(source) - 1 - idx)
data = Variable(source[idx:idx + length], volatile=volatile)
target = Variable(source[idx + 1:idx + 1 + length].view(-1),
volatile=volatile)
else:
# Try the dataloader logic.
# type is _DataLoaderIter
try:
data, target = next(source)
except StopIteration as e:
print(f'{e}')
name = source.name
source = self.reset_dataloader_by_name(name)
data, target = next(source)
# data.to(self.device)
return data.to(self.device), target.to(self.device)
return data, target
@property
def shared_path(self):
return f'{self.args.model_dir}/shared_epoch{self.epoch}_step{self.shared_step}.pth'
@property
def controller_path(self):
return f'{self.args.model_dir}/controller_epoch{self.epoch}_step{self.controller_step}.pth'
def get_saved_models_info(self):
paths = glob.glob(os.path.join(self.args.model_dir, '*.pth'))
paths.sort()
def get_numbers(items, delimiter, idx, replace_word, must_contain=''):
return list(
set([
int(name.split(delimiter)[idx].replace(replace_word, ''))
for name in basenames if must_contain in name
]))
basenames = [
os.path.basename(path.rsplit('.', 1)[0]) for path in paths
]
epochs = get_numbers(basenames, '_', 1, 'epoch')
shared_steps = get_numbers(basenames, '_', 2, 'step', 'shared')
controller_steps = get_numbers(basenames, '_', 2, 'step', 'controller')
epochs.sort()
shared_steps.sort()
controller_steps.sort()
return epochs, shared_steps, controller_steps
def save_model(self):
torch.save(self.shared.state_dict(), self.shared_path)
logger.info(f'[*] SAVED: {self.shared_path}')
torch.save(self.controller.state_dict(), self.controller_path)
logger.info(f'[*] SAVED: {self.controller_path}')
epochs, shared_steps, controller_steps = self.get_saved_models_info()
for epoch in epochs[:-self.args.max_save_num]:
paths = glob.glob(
os.path.join(self.args.model_dir, f'*_epoch{epoch}_*.pth'))
for path in paths:
utils.remove_file(path)
def load_model(self):
epochs, shared_steps, controller_steps = self.get_saved_models_info()
if len(epochs) == 0:
logger.info(f'[!] No checkpoint found in {self.args.model_dir}...')
return
self.epoch = self.start_epoch = max(epochs)
self.shared_step = max(shared_steps)
self.controller_step = max(controller_steps)
if self.args.num_gpu == 0:
map_location = lambda storage, loc: storage
else:
map_location = None
self.shared.load_state_dict(
torch.load(self.shared_path, map_location=map_location))
logger.info(f'[*] LOADED: {self.shared_path}')
self.controller.load_state_dict(
torch.load(self.controller_path, map_location=map_location))
logger.info(f'[*] LOADED: {self.controller_path}')
def _summarize_controller_train(self, total_loss, adv_history,
entropy_history, reward_history,
avg_reward_base, dags):
"""Logs the controller's progress for this training epoch."""
cur_loss = total_loss / self.args.log_step
avg_adv = np.mean(adv_history)
avg_entropy = np.mean(entropy_history)
avg_reward = np.mean(reward_history)
if avg_reward_base is None:
avg_reward_base = avg_reward
logger.info(f'| epoch {self.epoch:3d} | lr {self.controller_lr:.5f} '
f'| R {avg_reward:.5f} | entropy {avg_entropy:.4f} '
f'| loss {cur_loss:.5f}')
# Tensorboard
if self.tb is not None:
self.tb.scalar_summary('controller/loss', cur_loss,
self.controller_step)
self.tb.scalar_summary('controller/reward', avg_reward,
self.controller_step)
self.tb.scalar_summary('controller/std/reward',
np.std(reward_history),
self.controller_step)
self.tb.scalar_summary('controller/reward-B_per_epoch',
avg_reward - avg_reward_base,
self.controller_step)
self.tb.scalar_summary('controller/entropy', avg_entropy,
self.controller_step)
self.tb.scalar_summary('controller/adv', avg_adv,
self.controller_step)
paths = []
for dag in dags:
fname = (f'{self.epoch:03d}-{self.controller_step:06d}-'
f'{avg_reward:6.4f}.png')
path = os.path.join(self.args.model_dir, 'networks', fname)
self.draw_network(dag, path)
paths.append(path)
self.tb.image_summary('controller/sample', paths,
self.controller_step)
def _summarize_shared_train(self, total_loss, raw_total_loss):
"""Logs a set of training steps."""
cur_loss = utils.to_item(total_loss) / self.args.log_step
cur_raw_loss = utils.to_item(raw_total_loss) / self.args.log_step
try:
ppl = math.exp(cur_raw_loss)
except RuntimeError as e:
print(f"Got error {e}")
logger.info(f'| epoch {self.epoch:3d} '
f'| lr {self.shared_lr:4.2f} '
f'| raw loss {cur_raw_loss:.2f} '
f'| loss {cur_loss:.2f} '
f'| ppl {ppl:8.2f}')
# Tensorboard
if self.tb is not None:
self.tb.scalar_summary('shared/loss', cur_loss, self.shared_step)
self.tb.scalar_summary('shared/perplexity', ppl, self.shared_step)
class Trainer(object):
"""A class to wrap training code."""
def __init__(self, args, dataset):
"""Constructor for training algorithm.
Args:
args: From command line, picked up by 'argparse'
dataset: Currently only `data.text.Corpus` is supported.
Initializes:
- Data: train, val and test.
- Model: shared and controller.
- Inference: optimizers for shared and controller parameters.
- Criticism: cross-entropy loss for training the shared model.
"""
#TODO 加个检查准确率的
self.args = args
self.controller_step = 0
self.cuda = args.cuda
self.dataset = dataset
self.epoch = 0
self.shared_step = 0
self.start_epoch = 0
print('regularizing:')
for regularizer in [('activation regularization',
self.args.activation_regularization),
('temporal activation regularization',
self.args.temporal_activation_regularization),
('norm stabilizer regularization',
self.args.norm_stabilizer_regularization)]:
if regularizer[1]:
print(f'{regularizer[0]}')
# self.train_data = utils.batchify(dataset.train,
# args.batch_size,
# self.cuda)
# NOTE(brendan): The validation set data is batchified twice
# separately: once for computing rewards during the Train Controller
# phase (valid_data, batch size == 64), and once for evaluating ppl
# over the entire validation set (eval_data, batch size == 1)
self.train_data = dataset.train
self.valid_data = dataset.valid
self.test_data = dataset.test
# self.max_length = self.args.shared_rnn_max_length
if args.use_tensorboard:
self.tb = TensorBoard(args.model_dir)
else:
self.tb = None
#TODO initialize controller and shared model
self.build_model()
# print("11111111")
if self.args.load_path:
print("=======load_path=======")
self.load_model()
shared_optimizer = _get_optimizer(self.args.shared_optim)
controller_optimizer = _get_optimizer(self.args.controller_optim)
print("=======make optimizer========")
self.shared_optim = shared_optimizer(
self.shared.parameters(),
lr=self.shared_lr,
weight_decay=self.args.shared_l2_reg)
print("=======make optimizer========")
self.controller_optim = controller_optimizer(
self.controller.parameters(), lr=self.args.controller_lr)
self.ce = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
print("finish init")
def build_model(self):
"""Creates and initializes the shared and controller models."""
if self.args.network_type == 'rnn':
self.shared = models.RNN(self.args, self.dataset)
elif self.args.network_type == 'cnn':
print("----- begin to init cnn------")
self.shared = models.CNN(self.args, self.dataset)
# self.shared = self.shared.cuda()
else:
raise NotImplementedError(f'Network type '
f'`{self.args.network_type}` is not '
f'defined')
print("---- begin to init controller-----")
self.controller = models.Controller(self.args)
#self.controller = self.controller.cuda()
print("===begin to cuda")
if True:
print("cuda")
self.shared.cuda()
self.controller.cuda()
print("finish cuda")
elif self.args.num_gpu > 1:
raise NotImplementedError('`num_gpu > 1` is in process')
def train(self):
"""Cycles through alternately training the shared parameters and the
controller, as described in Section2.4 Training ENAS and deriving
Architectures, of the paraer.
"""
if self.args.shared_initial_step > 0:
self.train_shared(self.args.shared_initial_step)
self.train_controller()
for self.epoch in range(self.start_epoch, self.args.max_epoch):
# 1. Training the shared parameters omega of the child models
self.train_shared()
# 2. Training the controller parameters theta
#self.train_controller()
if self.epoch == 0:
with _get_no_grad_ctx_mgr():
best_dag = self.derive()
self.evaluate(iter(self.test_data),
best_dag,
'val_best',
max_num=self.args.batch_size * 100)
self.save_model()
if self.epoch % self.args.save_epoch == 0:
with _get_no_grad_ctx_mgr():
best_dag = self.derive()
self.evaluate(iter(self.test_data),
best_dag,
'val_best',
max_num=self.args.batch_size * 100)
self.save_model()
if self.epoch >= self.args.shared_decay_after:
utils.update_lr(self.shared_optim, self.shared_lr)
def get_loss(self, inputs, targets, dags):
"""Computes the loss for the same batch for M models.
This amounts to an estimate of the loss, which is turned into an
estimate for the gradients of the shared model.
"""
if not isinstance(dags, list):
dags = [dags]
loss = 0
for dag in dags:
inputs = Variable(inputs.cuda())
targets = Variable(targets.cuda())
# inputs = inputs.cuda()
#targets = targets.cuda()
#self.shared = self.shared.cuda()
output = self.shared(inputs, dag)
sample_loss = (self.ce(output, targets) /
self.args.shared_num_sample)
loss += sample_loss
assert len(
dags) == 1, 'there are multiple `hidden` for multiple `dags`'
return loss
def train_shared(self, max_step=None):
"""Train the image classification model for 310 steps
"""
#TODO check if it is right that create a new dag for every batch and may be
#one epoch one bathc will improve efficient
model = self.shared
model.train()
self.controller.eval()
if max_step is None:
max_step = self.args.shared_max_step
else:
max_step = min(self.args.shared_max_step, max_step)
step = 0
raw_total_loss = 0
total_loss = 0
# train_idx = 0
train_iter = iter(self.train_data)
#TODO understanding how it train
while True:
if step > max_step:
break
dags = self.controller.sample(self.args.shared_num_sample)
#print(dags)
#TODO use iterator to create batch but need to add StopIteration
#may be have some method to improve
try:
inputs, targets = train_iter.next()
except StopIteration:
print("====>train_shared<====== finish one epoch")
break
train_iter = iter(self.train_data)
#print(dags)
loss = self.get_loss(inputs, targets, dags)
raw_total_loss += loss.data
#TODO understand penality
# loss += _apply_penalties()
self.shared_optim.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
self.shared_optim.step()
total_loss += loss.data
#if step % 20 == 0:
# print("loss, ", total_loss, step, total_loss /(step+1))
if ((step % self.args.log_step) == 0) and (step > 0):
self._summarize_shared_train(total_loss, raw_total_loss)
raw_total_loss = 0
total_loss = 0
step += 1
self.shared_step += 1
# train_idx += self.max_length
def get_reward(self, dag, entropies, data_iter):
"""Computes the perplexity of a single sampled model on a minibatch of
validation data.
"""
if not isinstance(entropies, np.ndarray):
entropies = entropies.data.cpu().numpy()
try:
inputs, targets = data_iter.next()
except StopIteration:
data_iter = iter(self.valid_data)
inputs, targets = data_iter.next()
#TODO 怎么做volidate
valid_loss = self.get_loss(inputs, targets, dag)
# convert valid_loss to numpy ndarray
valid_loss = utils.to_item(valid_loss.data)
valid_ppl = math.exp(valid_loss)
# TODO we don't knoe reward_c
if self.args.ppl_square:
#TODO: but we do know reward_c =80 in the previous paper need to read previous paper
R = self.args.reward_c / valid_ppl**2
else:
R = self.args.reward_c / valid_ppl
if self.args.entropy_mode == 'reward':
rewards = R + self.args.entropy_coeff * entropies
elif self.args.entropy_mode == 'regularizer':
rewards = R * np.ones_like(entropies)
else:
raise NotImplementedError(
f'Unknown entropy mode: {self.args.entropy_mode}')
return rewards
def train_controller(self):
"""Fixes the shared parameters and updates the controller parameters.
The controller is updated with a score function gradient estimator
(i.e., REINFORCE), with the reward being c/valid_ppl. where valid_ppl
is computed on a minibatch of vlaidation data.
A moving average baseline is used.
The controller is trained for 2000 steps per epoch (i.e.,
first (Train Shared) phase -. Second (Train Controller) phase).
"""
model = self.controller
model.train()
avg_reward_base = None
baseline = None
adv_history = []
entropy_history = []
reward_history = []
valid_iter = iter(self.valid_data)
total_loss = 0
for step in range(self.args.controller_max_step):
dags, log_probs, entropies = self.controller.sample(
with_details=True)
#print(dags)
np_entropies = entropies.data.cpu().numpy()
with _get_no_grad_ctx_mgr():
rewards = self.get_reward(dags, np_entropies, valid_iter)
if 1 > self.args.discount > 0:
rewards = discount(rewards, self.args.discount)
reward_history.extend(rewards)
entropy_history.extend(np_entropies)
# moving average baseline
if baseline is None:
baseline = rewards
else:
decay = self.args.ema_baseline_decay
baseline = decay * baseline + (1 - decay) * rewards
adv = rewards - baseline
adv_history.extend(adv)
#policy loss
loss = -log_probs * utils.get_variable(
adv, self.cuda, requires_grad=False)
if self.args.entropy_mode == 'regularizer':
loss -= self.args.entropy_coeff * np_entropies
loss = loss.sum()
self.controller_optim.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
if self.args.controller_grad_clip > 0:
torch.nn.utils.clip_grad_norm(model.parameters(),
self.args.controller_grad_clip)
self.controller_optim.step()
total_loss += utils.to_item(loss.data)
#if step%20 ==0:
# print("total loss", total_loss, step, total_loss / (step+1))
if ((step % self.args.log_step) == 0) and (step > 0):
self._summarize_controller_train(total_loss, adv_history,
entropy_history,
reward_history,
avg_reward_base, dags)
reward_history, adv_history, entropy_history = [], [], []
total_loss = 0
self.controller_step += 1
# prev_valid_idx = valid_idx
# valid_idx = ((valid_idx + self.max_length) %
# (self.valid_data.size(0) - 1))
# NOTE(brendan): Whenever we wrap around to the beginning of the
# validation data, we reset the hidden states.
def evaluate(self, test_iter, dag, name, batch_size=1, max_num=None):
"""Evaluate on the validation set.
(lianqing)what is the data of source ?
NOTE: use validation to check reward but test set is the same as valid set
"""
self.shared.eval()
self.controller.eval()
acc = AverageMeter()
# data = source[:max_num*self.max_length]
total_loss = 0
# pbar = range(0, data.size(0) - 1, self.max_length)
count = 0
while True:
try:
count += 1
inputs, targets = next(test_iter)
except StopIteration:
print("========> finish evaluate on one epoch<======")
break
test_iter = iter(self.test_data)
inputs, targets = next(test_iter)
# inputs = Variable(inputs)
#check if is train the controller will have what difference
inputs = Variable(inputs.cuda())
targets = Variable(targets.cuda())
# inputs = inputs.cuda()
#targets = targets.cuda()
output = self.shared(inputs, dag, is_train=False)
# check is self.loss wil work ?:
total_loss += len(inputs) * self.ce(output, targets).data
ppl = math.exp(utils.to_item(total_loss) / (count + 1))
acc.update(utils.get_accuracy(targets, output))
val_loss = utils.to_item(total_loss) / count
ppl = math.exp(val_loss)
#TODO it's fix for rnn need to fix for cnn
#self.tb.scalar_summary(f'eval/{name}_loss', val_loss, self.epoch)
#self.tb.scalar_summary(f'eval/{name}_ppl', ppl, self.epoch)
print(
f'eval | loss: {val_loss:8.2f} | ppl: {ppl:8.2f} | accuracy: {acc.avg:8.2f}'
)
def derive(self, sample_num=None, valid_iter=None):
"""
pass sample_num is always to 1 test if batch_size > 1 will work ? for controller.sample
"""
if sample_num is None:
sample_num = self.args.derive_num_sample
if valid_iter == None:
valid_iter = iter(self.valid_data)
dags, _, entropies = self.controller.sample(sample_num,
with_details=True)
max_R = 0
best_dag = None
for dag in dags:
R = self.get_reward(dag, entropies, valid_iter)
if R.max() > max_R:
max_R = R.max()
best_dag = dag
print(f'derive | max_R: {max_R:8.6f}')
fname = (f'{self.epoch:03d}-{self.controller_step:06d}-'
f'{max_R:6.4}-best.png')
path = os.path.join(self.args.model_dir, 'networks', fname)
# utils.draw_network(best_dag, path)
# self.tb.image_summary('derive/best', [path], self.epoch)
return best_dag
@property
def shared_lr(self):
degree = max(self.epoch - self.args.shared_decay_after + 1, 0)
return self.args.shared_lr * (self.args.shared_decay**degree)
@property
def controller_lr(self):
return self.args.controller_lr
@property
def shared_path(self):
return f'{self.args.model_dir}/shared_epoch{self.epoch}_step{self.shared_step}.pth'
@property
def controller_path(self):
return f'{self.args.model_dir}/controller_epoch{self.epoch}_step{self.controller_step}.pth'
def get_saved_models_info(self):
paths = glob.glob(os.path.join(self.args.model_dir, '*.pth'))
paths.sort()
def get_numbers(items, delimiter, idx, replace_word, must_contain=''):
return list(
set([
int(name.split(delimiter)[idx].replace(replace_word, ''))
for name in basenames if must_contain in name
]))
basenames = [
os.path.basename(path.rsplit('.', 1)[0]) for path in paths
]
epochs = get_numbers(basenames, '_', 1, 'epoch')
shared_steps = get_numbers(basenames, '_', 2, 'step', 'shared')
controller_steps = get_numbers(basenames, '_', 2, 'step', 'controller')
epochs.sort()
shared_steps.sort()
controller_steps.sort()
return epochs, shared_steps, controller_steps
def save_model(self):
torch.save(self.shared.state_dict(), self.shared_path)
print(f'[*] SAVED: {self.shared_path}')
torch.save(self.controller.state_dict(), self.controller_path)
print(f'[*] SAVED: {self.controller_path}')
epochs, shared_steps, controller_steps = self.get_saved_models_info()
for epoch in epochs[:-self.args.max_save_num]:
paths = glob.glob(
os.path.join(self.args.model_dir, f'*_epoch{epoch}_*.pth'))
for path in paths:
utils.remove_file(path)
def load_model(self):
epochs, shared_steps, controller_steps = self.get_saved_models_info()
if len(epochs) == 0:
print(f'[!] No checkpoint found in {self.args.model_dir}...')
return
self.epoch = self.start_epoch = max(epochs)
self.shared_step = max(shared_steps)
self.controller_step = max(controller_steps)
if self.args.num_gpu == 0:
map_location = lambda storage, loc: storage
else:
map_location = None
self.shared.load_state_dict(
torch.load(self.shared_path, map_location=map_location))
print(f'[*] LOADED: {self.shared_path}')
self.controller.load_state_dict(
torch.load(self.controller_path, map_location=map_location))
print(f'[*] LOADED: {self.controller_path}')
def _summarize_controller_train(self, total_loss, adv_history,
entropy_history, reward_history,
avg_reward_base, dags):
"""Logs the controller's progress for this training epoch."""
cur_loss = total_loss / self.args.log_step
avg_adv = np.mean(adv_history)
avg_entropy = np.mean(entropy_history)
avg_reward = np.mean(reward_history)
if avg_reward_base is None:
avg_reward_base = avg_reward
print(f'| epoch {self.epoch:3d} | lr {self.controller_lr:.5f} '
f'| R {avg_reward:.5f} | entropy {avg_entropy:.4f} '
f'| loss {cur_loss:.5f}')
# Tensorboard
if self.tb is not None:
self.tb.scalar_summary('controller/loss', cur_loss,
self.controller_step)
self.tb.scalar_summary('controller/reward', avg_reward,
self.controller_step)
self.tb.scalar_summary('controller/reward-B_per_epoch',
avg_reward - avg_reward_base,
self.controller_step)
self.tb.scalar_summary('controller/entropy', avg_entropy,
self.controller_step)
self.tb.scalar_summary('controller/adv', avg_adv,
self.controller_step)
paths = []
for dag in dags:
fname = (f'{self.epoch:03d}-{self.controller_step:06d}-'
f'{avg_reward:6.4f}.png')
path = os.path.join(self.args.model_dir, 'networks', fname)
# utils.draw_network(dag, path)
paths.append(path)
self.tb.image_summary('controller/sample', paths,
self.controller_step)
def _summarize_shared_train(self, total_loss, raw_total_loss):
"""Logs a set of training steps."""
cur_loss = utils.to_item(total_loss) / self.args.log_step
# NOTE(brendan): The raw loss, without adding in the activation
# regularization terms, should be used to compute ppl.
cur_raw_loss = utils.to_item(raw_total_loss) / self.args.log_step
ppl = math.exp(cur_raw_loss)
print(f'| epoch {self.epoch:3d} '
f'| lr {self.shared_lr:4.2f} '
f'| raw loss {cur_raw_loss:.2f} '
f'| loss {cur_loss:.2f} '
f'| ppl {ppl:8.2f}')
# Tensorboard
if self.tb is not None:
self.tb.scalar_summary('shared/loss', cur_loss, self.shared_step)
self.tb.scalar_summary('shared/perplexity', ppl, self.shared_step)