def _sample_n(self, n, seed=None):
a = array_ops.ones_like(self.a_b_sum, dtype=self.dtype) * self.a
b = array_ops.ones_like(self.a_b_sum, dtype=self.dtype) * self.b
gamma1_sample = random_ops.random_gamma([n], a, dtype=self.dtype, seed=seed)
gamma2_sample = random_ops.random_gamma([n], b, dtype=self.dtype, seed=seed)
beta_sample = gamma1_sample / (gamma1_sample + gamma2_sample)
return beta_sample
def loop_fn(i):
alphas_i = array_ops.gather(alphas, i)
# Test both scalar and non-scalar params and shapes.
return (random_ops.random_gamma(alpha=alphas_i[0, 0], shape=[]),
random_ops.random_gamma(alpha=alphas_i, shape=[]),
random_ops.random_gamma(alpha=alphas_i[0, 0], shape=[3]),
random_ops.random_gamma(alpha=alphas_i, shape=[3]))
def sample_n(self, n, seed=None, name="sample_n"):
"""Sample `n` observations from the Beta Distributions.
Args:
n: `Scalar` `Tensor` of type `int32` or `int64`, the number of
observations to sample.
seed: Python integer, the random seed.
name: The name to give this op.
Returns:
samples: `[n, ...]`, a `Tensor` of `n` samples for each
of the distributions determined by broadcasting the hyperparameters.
"""
with ops.name_scope(self.name):
with ops.name_scope(name, values=[self.a, self.b, n]):
a = array_ops.ones_like(self._a_b_sum, dtype=self.dtype) * self.a
b = array_ops.ones_like(self._a_b_sum, dtype=self.dtype) * self.b
n = ops.convert_to_tensor(n, name="n")
gamma1_sample = random_ops.random_gamma(
[n,], a, dtype=self.dtype, seed=seed)
gamma2_sample = random_ops.random_gamma(
[n,], b, dtype=self.dtype, seed=seed)
beta_sample = gamma1_sample / (gamma1_sample + gamma2_sample)
n_val = tensor_util.constant_value(n)
final_shape = tensor_shape.vector(n_val).concatenate(
self._a_b_sum.get_shape())
beta_sample.set_shape(final_shape)
return beta_sample
def _sample_n(self, n, seed=None):
a = array_ops.ones_like(self.a_b_sum, dtype=self.dtype) * self.a
b = array_ops.ones_like(self.a_b_sum, dtype=self.dtype) * self.b
gamma1_sample = random_ops.random_gamma(
[n,], a, dtype=self.dtype, seed=seed)
gamma2_sample = random_ops.random_gamma(
[n,], b, dtype=self.dtype,
seed=distribution_util.gen_new_seed(seed, "beta"))
beta_sample = gamma1_sample / (gamma1_sample + gamma2_sample)
return beta_sample
def testShape(self):
# Fully known shape.
rnd = random_ops.random_gamma([150], 2.0)
self.assertEqual([150], rnd.get_shape().as_list())
rnd = random_ops.random_gamma([150], 2.0, beta=[3.0, 4.0])
self.assertEqual([150, 2], rnd.get_shape().as_list())
rnd = random_ops.random_gamma([150], array_ops.ones([1, 2, 3]))
self.assertEqual([150, 1, 2, 3], rnd.get_shape().as_list())
rnd = random_ops.random_gamma([20, 30], array_ops.ones([1, 2, 3]))
self.assertEqual([20, 30, 1, 2, 3], rnd.get_shape().as_list())
rnd = random_ops.random_gamma(
[123], array_ops.placeholder(
dtypes.float32, shape=(2,)))
self.assertEqual([123, 2], rnd.get_shape().as_list())
# Partially known shape.
rnd = random_ops.random_gamma(
array_ops.placeholder(
dtypes.int32, shape=(1,)), array_ops.ones([7, 3]))
self.assertEqual([None, 7, 3], rnd.get_shape().as_list())
rnd = random_ops.random_gamma(
array_ops.placeholder(
dtypes.int32, shape=(3,)), array_ops.ones([9, 6]))
self.assertEqual([None, None, None, 9, 6], rnd.get_shape().as_list())
# Unknown shape.
rnd = random_ops.random_gamma(
array_ops.placeholder(dtypes.int32),
array_ops.placeholder(dtypes.float32))
self.assertIs(None, rnd.get_shape().ndims)
rnd = random_ops.random_gamma([50], array_ops.placeholder(dtypes.float32))
self.assertIs(None, rnd.get_shape().ndims)
def testNoCSE(self):
"""CSE = constant subexpression eliminator.
SetIsStateful() should prevent two identical random ops from getting
merged.
"""
for dtype in dtypes.float16, dtypes.float32, dtypes.float64:
for use_gpu in [False, True]:
with self.cached_session(use_gpu=use_gpu):
rnd1 = random_ops.random_gamma([24], 2.0, dtype=dtype)
rnd2 = random_ops.random_gamma([24], 2.0, dtype=dtype)
diff = rnd2 - rnd1
self.assertGreater(np.linalg.norm(diff.eval()), 0.1)
def testPositive(self):
n = int(10e3)
for dt in [dtypes.float16, dtypes.float32, dtypes.float64]:
with self.cached_session():
x = random_ops.random_gamma(shape=[n], alpha=0.001, dtype=dt, seed=0)
self.assertEqual(0, math_ops.reduce_sum(math_ops.cast(
math_ops.less_equal(x, 0.), dtype=dtypes.int64)).eval())
def _sample_n(self, n, seed):
batch_shape = self.batch_shape_tensor()
event_shape = self.event_shape_tensor()
batch_ndims = array_ops.shape(batch_shape)[0]
ndims = batch_ndims + 3 # sample_ndims=1, event_ndims=2
shape = array_ops.concat([[n], batch_shape, event_shape], 0)
# Complexity: O(nbk**2)
x = random_ops.random_normal(shape=shape,
mean=0.,
stddev=1.,
dtype=self.dtype,
seed=seed)
# Complexity: O(nbk)
# This parametrization is equivalent to Chi2, i.e.,
# ChiSquared(k) == Gamma(alpha=k/2, beta=1/2)
expanded_df = self.df * array_ops.ones(
self.scale_operator.batch_shape_tensor(),
dtype=self.df.dtype.base_dtype)
g = random_ops.random_gamma(shape=[n],
alpha=self._multi_gamma_sequence(
0.5 * expanded_df, self.dimension),
beta=0.5,
dtype=self.dtype,
seed=distribution_util.gen_new_seed(
seed, "wishart"))
# Complexity: O(nbk**2)
x = array_ops.matrix_band_part(x, -1, 0) # Tri-lower.
# Complexity: O(nbk)
x = array_ops.matrix_set_diag(x, math_ops.sqrt(g))
# Make batch-op ready.
# Complexity: O(nbk**2)
perm = array_ops.concat([math_ops.range(1, ndims), [0]], 0)
x = array_ops.transpose(x, perm)
shape = array_ops.concat([batch_shape, [event_shape[0]], [-1]], 0)
x = array_ops.reshape(x, shape)
# Complexity: O(nbM) where M is the complexity of the operator solving a
# vector system. E.g., for LinearOperatorDiag, each matmul is O(k**2), so
# this complexity is O(nbk**2). For LinearOperatorLowerTriangular,
# each matmul is O(k^3) so this step has complexity O(nbk^3).
x = self.scale_operator.matmul(x)
# Undo make batch-op ready.
# Complexity: O(nbk**2)
shape = array_ops.concat([batch_shape, event_shape, [n]], 0)
x = array_ops.reshape(x, shape)
perm = array_ops.concat([[ndims - 1], math_ops.range(0, ndims - 1)], 0)
x = array_ops.transpose(x, perm)
if not self.cholesky_input_output_matrices:
# Complexity: O(nbk^3)
x = math_ops.matmul(x, x, adjoint_b=True)
return x
def _sample_n(self, n, seed=None):
return 1. / random_ops.random_gamma(
shape=[n],
alpha=self.concentration,
beta=self.rate,
dtype=self.dtype,
seed=seed)
def _sample_n(self, n, seed=None):
n_draws = math_ops.cast(self.n, dtype=dtypes.int32)
if self.n.get_shape().ndims is not None:
if self.n.get_shape().ndims != 0:
raise NotImplementedError(
"Sample only supported for scalar number of draws.")
elif self.validate_args:
is_scalar = check_ops.assert_rank(
n_draws, 0,
message="Sample only supported for scalar number of draws.")
n_draws = control_flow_ops.with_dependencies([is_scalar], n_draws)
k = self.event_shape()[0]
unnormalized_logits = array_ops.reshape(
math_ops.log(random_ops.random_gamma(
shape=[n],
alpha=self.alpha,
dtype=self.dtype,
seed=seed)),
shape=[-1, k])
draws = random_ops.multinomial(
logits=unnormalized_logits,
num_samples=n_draws,
seed=distribution_util.gen_new_seed(seed, salt="dirichlet_multinomial"))
x = math_ops.reduce_sum(array_ops.one_hot(draws, depth=k),
reduction_indices=-2)
final_shape = array_ops.concat([[n], self.batch_shape(), [k]], 0)
return array_ops.reshape(x, final_shape)
def _sample_n(self, n, seed=None):
gamma_sample = random_ops.random_gamma(
shape=[n],
alpha=self.concentration,
dtype=self.dtype,
seed=seed)
return gamma_sample / math_ops.reduce_sum(gamma_sample, -1, keep_dims=True)
def _testCompareToExplicitDerivative(self, dtype):
"""Compare to the explicit reparameterization derivative.
Verifies that the computed derivative satisfies
dsample / dalpha = d igammainv(alpha, u) / dalpha,
where u = igamma(alpha, sample).
Args:
dtype: TensorFlow dtype to perform the computations in.
"""
delta = 1e-3
np_dtype = dtype.as_numpy_dtype
try:
from scipy import misc # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
from scipy import special # pylint: disable=g-import-not-at-top
alpha_val = np.logspace(-2, 3, dtype=np_dtype)
alpha = constant_op.constant(alpha_val)
sample = random_ops.random_gamma([], alpha, np_dtype(1.0), dtype=dtype)
actual = gradients_impl.gradients(sample, alpha)[0]
(sample_val, actual_val) = self.evaluate((sample, actual))
u = special.gammainc(alpha_val, sample_val)
expected_val = misc.derivative(
lambda alpha_prime: special.gammaincinv(alpha_prime, u),
alpha_val, dx=delta * alpha_val)
self.assertAllClose(actual_val, expected_val, rtol=1e-3, atol=1e-3)
except ImportError as e:
tf_logging.warn("Cannot use special functions in a test: %s" % str(e))
def _sample_n(self, n, seed=None):
"""See the documentation for tf.random_gamma for more details."""
return random_ops.random_gamma([n],
self.alpha,
beta=self.beta,
dtype=self.dtype,
seed=seed)
def testQuadraticLoss(self):
"""Statistical test for the gradient.
The equation (5) of https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.08498 says
d/dalpha E_{sample ~ Gamma(alpha, 1)} f(sample)
= E_{sample ~ Gamma(alpha, 1)} df(sample)/dalpha.
Choose a quadratic loss function f(sample) = (sample - t)^2.
Then, the lhs can be computed analytically:
d/dalpha E_{sample ~ Gamma(alpha, 1)} f(sample)
= d/dalpha [ (alpha + alpha^2) - 2 * t * alpha + t^2 ]
= 1 + 2 * alpha - 2 * t.
We compare the Monte-Carlo estimate of the expectation with the
true gradient.
"""
num_samples = 1000
t = 0.3
alpha = 0.5
expected = 1 + 2 * alpha - 2 * t
alpha = constant_op.constant(alpha)
sample = random_ops.random_gamma([num_samples], alpha, 1.0)
loss = math_ops.reduce_mean(math_ops.square(sample - t))
dloss_dalpha = gradients_impl.gradients(loss, alpha)[0]
dloss_dalpha_val = self.evaluate(dloss_dalpha)
self.assertAllClose(expected, dloss_dalpha_val, atol=1e-1, rtol=1e-1)
def func():
with self.session(use_gpu=use_gpu, graph=ops.Graph()) as sess:
rng = random_ops.random_gamma(
[num], alpha, beta=beta, dtype=dtype, seed=seed)
ret = np.empty([10, num])
for i in xrange(10):
ret[i, :] = sess.run(rng)
return ret
def testGradientsShapeWithOneSamplePerParameter(self): shape = [] alpha = array_ops.ones([2, 2]) beta = array_ops.ones([1, 2]) sample = random_ops.random_gamma(shape, alpha, beta) grads_alpha, grads_beta = gradients_impl.gradients(sample, [alpha, beta]) self.assertAllEqual(grads_alpha.shape, alpha.shape) self.assertAllEqual(grads_beta.shape, beta.shape)
def _sample_n(self, n, seed=None):
expanded_concentration1 = array_ops.ones_like(
self.total_concentration, dtype=self.dtype) * self.concentration1
expanded_concentration0 = array_ops.ones_like(
self.total_concentration, dtype=self.dtype) * self.concentration0
gamma1_sample = random_ops.random_gamma(
shape=[n],
alpha=expanded_concentration1,
dtype=self.dtype,
seed=seed)
gamma2_sample = random_ops.random_gamma(
shape=[n],
alpha=expanded_concentration0,
dtype=self.dtype,
seed=distribution_util.gen_new_seed(seed, "beta"))
beta_sample = gamma1_sample / (gamma1_sample + gamma2_sample)
return beta_sample
def testGradientsShape(self): shape = [2, 3] alpha = array_ops.ones([2, 2]) beta = array_ops.ones([1, 2]) sample = random_ops.random_gamma(shape, alpha, beta, seed=12345) grads_alpha, grads_beta = gradients_impl.gradients(sample, [alpha, beta]) self.assertAllEqual(grads_alpha.shape, alpha.shape) self.assertAllEqual(grads_beta.shape, beta.shape)
def _sample_n(self, n, seed):
batch_shape = self.batch_shape()
event_shape = self.event_shape()
batch_ndims = array_ops.shape(batch_shape)[0]
ndims = batch_ndims + 3 # sample_ndims=1, event_ndims=2
shape = array_ops.concat(((n,), batch_shape, event_shape), 0)
# Complexity: O(nbk^2)
x = random_ops.random_normal(shape=shape,
mean=0.,
stddev=1.,
dtype=self.dtype,
seed=seed)
# Complexity: O(nbk)
# This parametrization is equivalent to Chi2, i.e.,
# ChiSquared(k) == Gamma(alpha=k/2, beta=1/2)
g = random_ops.random_gamma(shape=(n,),
alpha=self._multi_gamma_sequence(
0.5 * self.df, self.dimension),
beta=0.5,
dtype=self.dtype,
seed=distribution_util.gen_new_seed(
seed, "wishart"))
# Complexity: O(nbk^2)
x = array_ops.matrix_band_part(x, -1, 0) # Tri-lower.
# Complexity: O(nbk)
x = array_ops.matrix_set_diag(x, math_ops.sqrt(g))
# Make batch-op ready.
# Complexity: O(nbk^2)
perm = array_ops.concat((math_ops.range(1, ndims), (0,)), 0)
x = array_ops.transpose(x, perm)
shape = array_ops.concat((batch_shape, (event_shape[0], -1)), 0)
x = array_ops.reshape(x, shape)
# Complexity: O(nbM) where M is the complexity of the operator solving a
# vector system. E.g., for OperatorPDDiag, each matmul is O(k^2), so
# this complexity is O(nbk^2). For OperatorPDCholesky, each matmul is
# O(k^3) so this step has complexity O(nbk^3).
x = self.scale_operator_pd.sqrt_matmul(x)
# Undo make batch-op ready.
# Complexity: O(nbk^2)
shape = array_ops.concat((batch_shape, event_shape, (n,)), 0)
x = array_ops.reshape(x, shape)
perm = array_ops.concat(((ndims - 1,), math_ops.range(0, ndims - 1)), 0)
x = array_ops.transpose(x, perm)
if not self.cholesky_input_output_matrices:
# Complexity: O(nbk^3)
x = math_ops.matmul(x, x, adjoint_b=True)
return x
def _sample_n(self, n, seed=None):
# The sampling method comes from the well known fact that if X ~ Normal(0,
# 1), and Z ~ Chi2(df), then X / sqrt(Z / df) ~ StudentT(df).
shape = array_ops.concat(0, ([n], self.batch_shape()))
normal_sample = random_ops.random_normal(
shape, dtype=self.dtype, seed=seed)
half = constant_op.constant(0.5, self.dtype)
df = self.df * array_ops.ones(self.batch_shape(), dtype=self.dtype)
gamma_sample = random_ops.random_gamma(
[n,], half * df, beta=half, dtype=self.dtype,
seed=distribution_util.gen_new_seed(seed, salt="student_t"))
samples = normal_sample / math_ops.sqrt(gamma_sample / df)
return samples * self.sigma + self.mu
def _sample_n(self, n, seed=None):
# Here we use the fact that if:
# lam ~ Gamma(concentration=total_count, rate=(1-probs)/probs)
# then X ~ Poisson(lam) is Negative Binomially distributed.
rate = random_ops.random_gamma(
shape=[n],
alpha=self.total_count,
beta=math_ops.exp(-self.logits),
dtype=self.dtype,
seed=seed)
return random_ops.random_poisson(
rate,
shape=[],
dtype=self.dtype,
seed=distribution_util.gen_new_seed(seed, "negative_binom"))
def testGradientsUnknownShape(self):
shape = array_ops.placeholder(dtypes.int32)
alpha = array_ops.placeholder(dtypes.float32)
beta = array_ops.placeholder(dtypes.float32)
sample = random_ops.random_gamma(shape, alpha, beta)
grads_alpha, grads_beta = gradients_impl.gradients(sample, [alpha, beta])
alpha_val = np.ones([1, 2])
beta_val = np.ones([2, 1])
with self.cached_session() as sess:
grads_alpha_val, grads_beta_val = sess.run(
[grads_alpha, grads_beta],
{alpha: alpha_val, beta: beta_val, shape: [2, 1]})
self.assertAllEqual(grads_alpha_val.shape, alpha_val.shape)
self.assertAllEqual(grads_beta_val.shape, beta_val.shape)
def _sample_n(self, n, seed=None):
# The sampling method comes from the fact that if:
# X ~ Normal(0, 1)
# Z ~ Chi2(df)
# Y = X / sqrt(Z / df)
# then:
# Y ~ StudentT(df).
shape = array_ops.concat_v2([[n], self.batch_shape()], 0)
normal_sample = random_ops.random_normal(
shape, dtype=self.dtype, seed=seed)
df = self.df * array_ops.ones(self.batch_shape(), dtype=self.dtype)
gamma_sample = random_ops.random_gamma(
[n], 0.5 * df, beta=0.5, dtype=self.dtype,
seed=distribution_util.gen_new_seed(seed, salt="student_t"))
samples = normal_sample / math_ops.sqrt(gamma_sample / df)
return samples * self.sigma + self.mu
def sample_n(self, n, seed=None, name="sample_n"):
"""Draws `n` samples from the Gamma distribution(s).
See the doc for tf.random_gamma for further detail.
Args:
n: `Scalar` `Tensor` of type `int32` or `int64`, the number of
observations to sample.
seed: Python integer, the random seed for this operation.
name: Optional name for the operation.
Returns:
samples: a `Tensor` of shape `(n,) + self.batch_shape + self.event_shape`
with values of type `self.dtype`.
"""
with ops.name_scope(self.name, values=[n, self.alpha, self._beta]):
return random_ops.random_gamma([n], self.alpha, beta=self._beta, dtype=self.dtype, seed=seed, name=name)
def _sample_n(self, n, seed=None):
n_draws = math_ops.cast(self.total_count, dtype=dtypes.int32)
k = self.event_shape_tensor()[0]
unnormalized_logits = array_ops.reshape(
math_ops.log(random_ops.random_gamma(
shape=[n],
alpha=self.concentration,
dtype=self.dtype,
seed=seed)),
shape=[-1, k])
draws = random_ops.multinomial(
logits=unnormalized_logits,
num_samples=n_draws,
seed=distribution_util.gen_new_seed(seed, salt="dirichlet_multinomial"))
x = math_ops.reduce_sum(array_ops.one_hot(draws, depth=k), -2)
final_shape = array_ops.concat([[n], self.batch_shape_tensor(), [k]], 0)
return array_ops.reshape(x, final_shape)
def testAverageAlphaGradient(self):
"""Statistical test for the gradient.
Using the equation (5) of https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.08498, we have
1 = d/dalpha E_{sample ~ Gamma(alpha, 1)} sample
= E_{sample ~ Gamma(alpha, 1)} dsample/dalpha.
Here we verify that the rhs is fairly close to one.
The convergence speed is not great, so we use many samples and loose bounds.
"""
num_samples = 1000
alpha = constant_op.constant([0.8, 1e1, 1e3], dtype=dtypes.float32)
sample = random_ops.random_gamma([num_samples], alpha)
# We need to average the gradients, which is equivalent to averaging the
# samples and then doing backprop.
mean_sample = math_ops.reduce_mean(sample, axis=0)
dsample_dalpha = gradients_impl.gradients(mean_sample, alpha)[0]
dsample_dalpha_val = self.evaluate(dsample_dalpha)
self.assertAllClose(dsample_dalpha_val, [1.0] * 3, atol=1e-1, rtol=1e-1)
def sample(self, n, seed=None, name="sample"):
"""Draws `n` samples from these InverseGamma distribution(s).
See the doc for tf.random_gamma for further details on sampling strategy.
Args:
n: Python integer, the number of observations to sample from each
distribution.
seed: Python integer, the random seed for this operation.
name: Optional name for the operation.
Returns:
samples: a `Tensor` of shape `(n,) + self.batch_shape + self.event_shape`
with values of type `self.dtype`.
"""
with ops.name_scope(self.name):
with ops.op_scope([n, self._alpha, self._beta], name):
one = constant_op.constant(1.0, dtype=self.dtype)
return one / random_ops.random_gamma([n], self._alpha, beta=self._beta, dtype=self.dtype, seed=seed)
def sample_n(self, n, seed=None, name="sample_n"):
"""Sample `n` observations from the distributions.
Args:
n: `Scalar`, type int32, the number of observations to sample.
seed: Python integer, the random seed.
name: The name to give this op.
Returns:
samples: `[n, ...]`, a `Tensor` of `n` samples for each
of the distributions determined by broadcasting the hyperparameters.
"""
with ops.name_scope(self.name):
with ops.op_scope([self.alpha, n], name):
gamma_sample = random_ops.random_gamma([n], self.alpha, dtype=self.dtype, seed=seed)
n_val = tensor_util.constant_value(n)
final_shape = tensor_shape.vector(n_val).concatenate(self.alpha.get_shape())
gamma_sample.set_shape(final_shape)
return gamma_sample / math_ops.reduce_sum(gamma_sample, reduction_indices=[-1], keep_dims=True)
def _testCompareToImplicitDerivative(self, dtype):
"""Compare to the implicit reparameterization derivative.
Let's derive the formula we compare to.
Start from the fact that CDF maps a random variable to the Uniform
random variable:
igamma(alpha, sample) = u, where u ~ Uniform(0, 1).
Apply d / dalpha to both sides:
d igamma(alpha, sample) / dalpha
+ d igamma(alpha, sample) / dsample * dsample/dalpha = 0
d igamma(alpha, sample) / dalpha
+ d igamma(alpha, sample) / dsample * dsample / dalpha = 0
dsample/dalpha = - (d igamma(alpha, sample) / dalpha)
/ d igamma(alpha, sample) / dsample
This is the equation (8) of https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.08498
Args:
dtype: TensorFlow dtype to perform the computations in.
"""
np_dtype = dtype.as_numpy_dtype
alpha = constant_op.constant(np.logspace(-2, 3, dtype=np_dtype))
sample = random_ops.random_gamma(
[], alpha, np_dtype(1.0), dtype=dtype, seed=12345)
actual = gradients_impl.gradients(sample, alpha)[0]
sample_sg = array_ops.stop_gradient(sample)
cdf = math_ops.igamma(alpha, sample_sg)
dcdf_dalpha, dcdf_dsample = gradients_impl.gradients(
cdf, [alpha, sample_sg])
# Numerically unstable due to division, do not try at home.
expected = -dcdf_dalpha / dcdf_dsample
(actual_val, expected_val) = self.evaluate((actual, expected))
self.assertAllClose(actual_val, expected_val, rtol=1e-3, atol=1e-3)
def _sample_n(self, n, seed=None):
"""See the documentation for tf.random_gamma for more details."""
return 1. / random_ops.random_gamma(
[n], self.alpha, beta=self.beta, dtype=self.dtype, seed=seed)
def loop_fn(_):
return random_ops.random_gamma([3], alpha=[0.5])
def _sample_n(self, n, seed=None):
return 1. / random_ops.random_gamma(
[n], self.alpha, beta=self.beta, dtype=self.dtype, seed=seed)
def random_gamma(shape): # pylint: disable=invalid-name
return random_ops.random_gamma(shape, 1.0)
def computation():
return random_ops.random_gamma([10], [0.5, 1.5])
def _sample_n(self, n, seed=None):
return random_ops.random_gamma([n],
self.alpha,
beta=self.beta,
dtype=self.dtype,
seed=seed)
def _sample_n(self, n, seed=None):
return 1. / random_ops.random_gamma(shape=[n],
alpha=self.concentration,
beta=self.rate,
dtype=self.dtype,
seed=seed)
def testNpDtypes(self):
self.evaluate(
random_ops.random_gamma([5],
alpha=np.ones([2, 1, 3]),
beta=np.ones([3]),
dtype=np.float32))
def testEmptySamplingNoError(self):
self.evaluate(random_ops.random_gamma(
[5], alpha=np.ones([2, 0, 3]), beta=np.ones([3]), dtype=dtypes.float32))
def computation():
samples = random_ops.random_gamma([10], [0.5, 1.5])
return samples
def _sample_n(self, n, seed=None):
gamma_sample = random_ops.random_gamma(
[n,], self.alpha, dtype=self.dtype, seed=seed)
return gamma_sample / math_ops.reduce_sum(
gamma_sample, reduction_indices=[-1], keep_dims=True)
def sample_n(self, n, seed=None, name='sample'):
# pylint: disable=line-too-long
"""Generate `n` samples.
Complexity: O(nbk^3)
The sampling procedure is based on the [Bartlett decomposition](
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wishart_distribution#Bartlett_decomposition)
and [using a Gamma distribution to generate Chi2 random variates](
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chi-squared_distribution#Gamma.2C_exponential.2C_and_related_distributions).
Args:
n: Scalar. Number of samples to draw from each distribution.
seed: Python integer; random number generator seed.
name: The name of this op.
Returns:
samples: a `Tensor` of shape `(n,) + self.batch_shape + self.event_shape`
with values of type `self.dtype`.
"""
with ops.name_scope(self.name):
with ops.name_scope(name, values=[n] + list(self.inputs.values())):
n = ops.convert_to_tensor(n, name='n')
if n.dtype != dtypes.int32:
raise TypeError('n.dtype=%s which is not int32' % n.dtype)
batch_shape = self.batch_shape()
event_shape = self.event_shape()
batch_ndims = array_ops.shape(batch_shape)[0]
ndims = batch_ndims + 3 # sample_ndims=1, event_ndims=2
shape = array_ops.concat(0, ((n, ), batch_shape, event_shape))
# Complexity: O(nbk^2)
x = random_ops.random_normal(shape=shape,
mean=0.,
stddev=1.,
dtype=self.dtype,
seed=seed)
# Complexity: O(nbk)
# This parametrization is equivalent to Chi2, i.e.,
# ChiSquared(k) == Gamma(alpha=k/2, beta=1/2)
g = random_ops.random_gamma(shape=(n, ),
alpha=self._multi_gamma_sequence(
0.5 * self.df, self.dimension),
beta=0.5,
dtype=self.dtype,
seed=seed)
# Complexity: O(nbk^2)
x = array_ops.batch_matrix_band_part(x, -1, 0) # Tri-lower.
# Complexity: O(nbk)
x = array_ops.batch_matrix_set_diag(x, math_ops.sqrt(g))
# Make batch-op ready.
# Complexity: O(nbk^2)
perm = array_ops.concat(0, (math_ops.range(1, ndims), (0, )))
x = array_ops.transpose(x, perm)
shape = array_ops.concat(0,
(batch_shape, (event_shape[0], -1)))
x = array_ops.reshape(x, shape)
# Complexity: O(nbM) where M is the complexity of the operator solving a
# vector system. E.g., for OperatorPDDiag, each matmul is O(k^2), so
# this complexity is O(nbk^2). For OperatorPDCholesky, each matmul is
# O(k^3) so this step has complexity O(nbk^3).
x = self.scale_operator_pd.sqrt_matmul(x)
# Undo make batch-op ready.
# Complexity: O(nbk^2)
shape = array_ops.concat(0, (batch_shape, event_shape, (n, )))
x = array_ops.reshape(x, shape)
perm = array_ops.concat(
0, ((ndims - 1, ), math_ops.range(0, ndims - 1)))
x = array_ops.transpose(x, perm)
if not self.cholesky_input_output_matrices:
# Complexity: O(nbk^3)
x = math_ops.batch_matmul(x, x, adj_y=True)
# Set shape hints.
if self.scale_operator_pd.get_shape().ndims is not None:
x.set_shape(
tensor_shape.TensorShape(
[tensor_util.constant_value(n)] +
self.scale_operator_pd.get_shape().as_list()))
elif x.get_shape().ndims is not None:
x.get_shape()[0].merge_with(
tensor_shape.TensorDimension(
tensor_util.constant_value(n)))
return x
def random_gamma_with_alpha_beta(shape): # pylint: disable=invalid-name
return random_ops.random_gamma(shape,
alpha=[[1.], [3.], [5.], [6.]],
beta=[[3., 4.]])