def test_multiply_all_bias_variables(self):
     grads_and_vars = self._create_grads_and_vars()
     regex_list = ['.*/biases']
     multiplier = 0.0
     grads_and_vars = variables_helper.multiply_gradients_matching_regex(
         grads_and_vars, regex_list, multiplier)
     exp_output = [(1.0, 1.0), (0.0, 2.0), (3.0, 3.0), (0.0, 4.0)]
     init_op = tf.global_variables_initializer()
     with self.test_session() as sess:
         sess.run(init_op)
         output = sess.run(grads_and_vars)
         self.assertItemsEqual(output, exp_output)
Exemplo n.º 2
0
def train(create_tensor_dict_fn, create_model_fn, train_config, input_config, master, task,
          num_clones, worker_replicas, clone_on_cpu, ps_tasks, worker_job_name,
          is_chief, train_dir, save_interval_secs=3600, log_every_n_steps=1000):
    """Training function for detection models.

    Args:
      create_tensor_dict_fn: a function to create a tensor input dictionary.
      create_model_fn: a function that creates a DetectionModel and generates
                       losses.
      train_config: a train_pb2.TrainConfig protobuf.
      input_config: a input_reader.InputReader protobuf.
      master: BNS name of the TensorFlow master to use.
      task: The task id of this training instance.
      num_clones: The number of clones to run per machine.
      worker_replicas: The number of work replicas to train with.
      clone_on_cpu: True if clones should be forced to run on CPU.
      ps_tasks: Number of parameter server tasks.
      worker_job_name: Name of the worker job.
      is_chief: Whether this replica is the chief replica.
      train_dir: Directory to write checkpoints and training summaries to.
      save_interval_secs: Interval in seconds to save a check point file.
      log_every_n_steps: The frequency, in terms of global steps, that the loss and global step are logged
    """

    detection_model = create_model_fn()

    preprocess_input_options = [
        preprocessor_input_builder.build(step)
        for step in input_config.preprocess_input_options]

    data_augmentation_options = [
        preprocessor_builder.build(step)
        for step in train_config.data_augmentation_options]

    with tf.Graph().as_default():
        # Build a configuration specifying multi-GPU and multi-replicas.
        deploy_config = model_deploy.DeploymentConfig(
            num_clones=num_clones,
            clone_on_cpu=clone_on_cpu,
            replica_id=task,
            num_replicas=worker_replicas,
            num_ps_tasks=ps_tasks,
            worker_job_name=worker_job_name)

        # Place the global step on the device storing the variables.
        with tf.device(deploy_config.variables_device()):
            global_step = slim.create_global_step()

        with tf.device(deploy_config.inputs_device()):
            input_queue = _create_input_queue(train_config.batch_size // num_clones,
                                              create_tensor_dict_fn,
                                              train_config.batch_queue_capacity,
                                              train_config.num_batch_queue_threads,
                                              train_config.prefetch_queue_capacity,
                                              data_augmentation_options,
                                              preprocess_input_options)

        # Gather initial summaries.
        summaries = set(tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.SUMMARIES))
        global_summaries = set([])

        if detection_model.is_rbbox:
            model_fn = functools.partial(_create_losses_rbbox,
                                         create_model_fn=create_model_fn)
        else:
            model_fn = functools.partial(_create_losses,
                                         create_model_fn=create_model_fn)
        clones = model_deploy.create_clones(deploy_config, model_fn, [input_queue])
        first_clone_scope = clones[0].scope

        # Gather update_ops from the first clone. These contain, for example,
        # the updates for the batch_norm variables created by model_fn.
        update_ops = tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.UPDATE_OPS, first_clone_scope)

        with tf.device(deploy_config.optimizer_device()):
            training_optimizer = optimizer_builder.build(train_config.optimizer,
                                                         global_summaries)

        sync_optimizer = None
        if train_config.sync_replicas:
            training_optimizer = tf.SyncReplicasOptimizer(
                training_optimizer,
                replicas_to_aggregate=train_config.replicas_to_aggregate,
                total_num_replicas=train_config.worker_replicas)
            sync_optimizer = training_optimizer

        # Create ops required to initialize the model from a given checkpoint.
        init_fn = None
        if train_config.fine_tune_checkpoint:
            var_map = detection_model.restore_map(
                from_detection_checkpoint=train_config.from_detection_checkpoint)
            available_var_map = (variables_helper.
                get_variables_available_in_checkpoint(
                var_map, train_config.fine_tune_checkpoint))
            init_saver = tf.train.Saver(available_var_map)

            def initializer_fn(sess):
                init_saver.restore(sess, train_config.fine_tune_checkpoint)

            init_fn = initializer_fn

        with tf.device(deploy_config.optimizer_device()):
            total_loss, grads_and_vars = model_deploy.optimize_clones(
                clones, training_optimizer, regularization_losses=None)
            total_loss = tf.check_numerics(total_loss, 'LossTensor is inf or nan.')

            # Optionally multiply bias gradients by train_config.bias_grad_multiplier.
            if train_config.bias_grad_multiplier:
                biases_regex_list = ['.*/biases']
                grads_and_vars = variables_helper.multiply_gradients_matching_regex(
                    grads_and_vars,
                    biases_regex_list,
                    multiplier=train_config.bias_grad_multiplier)

            # Optionally freeze some layers by setting their gradients to be zero.
            if train_config.freeze_variables:
                grads_and_vars = variables_helper.freeze_gradients_matching_regex(
                    grads_and_vars, train_config.freeze_variables)

            # Optionally clip gradients
            if train_config.gradient_clipping_by_norm > 0:
                with tf.name_scope('clip_grads'):
                    grads_and_vars = slim.learning.clip_gradient_norms(
                        grads_and_vars, train_config.gradient_clipping_by_norm)

            # Create gradient updates.
            grad_updates = training_optimizer.apply_gradients(grads_and_vars,
                                                              global_step=global_step)
            update_ops.append(grad_updates)

            update_op = tf.group(*update_ops)
            with tf.control_dependencies([update_op]):
                train_tensor = tf.identity(total_loss, name='train_op')

        # Add summaries.
        for model_var in slim.get_model_variables():
            global_summaries.add(tf.summary.histogram(model_var.op.name, model_var))
        for loss_tensor in tf.losses.get_losses():
            global_summaries.add(tf.summary.scalar(loss_tensor.op.name, loss_tensor))
        global_summaries.add(
            tf.summary.scalar('TotalLoss', tf.losses.get_total_loss()))

        # Add the summaries from the first clone. These contain the summaries
        # created by model_fn and either optimize_clones() or _gather_clone_loss().
        summaries |= set(tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.SUMMARIES,
                                           first_clone_scope))
        summaries |= global_summaries

        # Merge all summaries together.
        summary_op = tf.summary.merge(list(summaries), name='summary_op')

        # Soft placement allows placing on CPU ops without GPU implementation.
        session_config = tf.ConfigProto(allow_soft_placement=True,
                                        log_device_placement=False)

        # Save checkpoints regularly.
        keep_checkpoint_every_n_hours = train_config.keep_checkpoint_every_n_hours
        saver = tf.train.Saver(
            max_to_keep=None,
            keep_checkpoint_every_n_hours=keep_checkpoint_every_n_hours)

        slim.learning.train(
            train_tensor,
            logdir=train_dir,
            log_every_n_steps=log_every_n_steps,
            master=master,
            is_chief=is_chief,
            session_config=session_config,
            startup_delay_steps=train_config.startup_delay_steps,
            init_fn=init_fn,
            summary_op=summary_op,
            number_of_steps=(train_config.num_steps if train_config.num_steps else None),
            save_summaries_secs=240,
            save_interval_secs=save_interval_secs,
            sync_optimizer=sync_optimizer,
            saver=saver)
Exemplo n.º 3
0
def train(train_config,
          train_dir,
          master,
          task=0,
          num_clones=1,
          worker_replicas=1,
          clone_on_cpu=False,
          ps_tasks=0,
          worker_job_name='lonely_worker',
          is_chief=True):
    """Training function for detection models.

    Args:
    train_config: configuration of parameters for model training.
    train_dir: Directory to write checkpoints and training summaries to.
    master: BNS name of the TensorFlow master to use.
    task: The task id of this training instance.
    num_clones: The number of clones to run per machine.
    worker_replicas: The number of work replicas to train with.
    clone_on_cpu: True if clones should be forced to run on CPU.
    ps_tasks: Number of parameter server tasks.
    worker_job_name: Name of the worker job.
    is_chief: Whether this replica is the chief replica.
    """

    with tf.Graph().as_default():
        # Build a configuration specifying multi-GPU and multi-replicas.
        deploy_config = model_deploy.DeploymentConfig(
            num_clones=num_clones,
            clone_on_cpu=clone_on_cpu,
            replica_id=task,
            num_replicas=worker_replicas,
            num_ps_tasks=ps_tasks,
            worker_job_name=worker_job_name)

        # Place the global step on the device storing the variables.
        with tf.device(deploy_config.variables_device()):
            global_step = tf.train.create_global_step()

        with tf.device(deploy_config.inputs_device()):
            train_config.batch_size = train_config.batch_size // num_clones
            train_config['input_path'] = train_config.train_file_path
            input_queue = input_queue_generator(train_config)
        # Gather initial summaries.
        summaries = set(tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.SUMMARIES))
        global_summaries = set([])

        # get num of classes
        num_classes = len(get_label_map_dict(train_config.label_map_file))
        model_fn = partial(_create_losses,
                           num_classes=num_classes,
                           train_config=train_config)
        clones = model_deploy.create_clones(deploy_config, model_fn,
                                            [input_queue])
        first_clone_scope = clones[0].scope

        # Gather update_ops from the first clone. These contain, for example,
        # the updates for the batch_norm variables created by model_fn.
        update_ops = tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.UPDATE_OPS,
                                       first_clone_scope)

        with tf.device(deploy_config.optimizer_device()):
            training_optimizer = _create_optimizer(train_config.optimizer,
                                                   train_config.lr,
                                                   train_config.decay_steps,
                                                   global_summaries)
        # Create ops required to initialize the model from a given checkpoint.
        init_fn = None
        if train_config.fine_tune_checkpoint:
            var_map = {}
            for variable in tf.all_variables():
                if variable.op.name.startswith("Retina_FPN"):
                    var_name = variable.op.name
                    var_map[var_name] = variable
            available_var_map = (
                variables_helper.get_variables_available_in_checkpoint(
                    var_map, train_config.fine_tune_checkpoint))
            init_saver = tf.train.Saver(available_var_map)

            def initializer_fn(sess):
                init_saver.restore(sess, train_config.fine_tune_checkpoint)

            init_fn = initializer_fn

        with tf.device(deploy_config.optimizer_device()):
            total_loss, grads_and_vars = model_deploy.optimize_clones(
                clones, training_optimizer, regularization_losses=None)
            total_loss = tf.check_numerics(total_loss,
                                           'LossTensor is inf or nan.')

            # Optionally multiply bias gradients by train_config.bias_grad_multiplier.
            if train_config.bias_grad_multiplier:
                biases_regex_list = ['.*/biases']
                grads_and_vars = variables_helper.multiply_gradients_matching_regex(
                    grads_and_vars,
                    biases_regex_list,
                    multiplier=train_config.bias_grad_multiplier)

            # Optionally freeze some layers by setting their gradients to be zero.
            if train_config.freeze_variables:
                grads_and_vars = variables_helper.freeze_gradients_matching_regex(
                    grads_and_vars, train_config.freeze_variables)

            # Optionally clip gradients
            if train_config.gradient_clipping_by_norm > 0:
                with tf.name_scope('clip_grads'):
                    grads_and_vars = slim.learning.clip_gradient_norms(
                        grads_and_vars, train_config.gradient_clipping_by_norm)

            # Create gradient updates.
            grad_updates = training_optimizer.apply_gradients(
                grads_and_vars, global_step=global_step)
            update_ops.append(grad_updates)

            update_op = tf.group(*update_ops)
            with tf.control_dependencies([update_op]):
                train_tensor = tf.identity(total_loss, name='train_op')

        # Add summaries.
        for model_var in slim.get_model_variables():
            global_summaries.add(
                tf.summary.histogram(model_var.op.name, model_var))
        for loss_tensor in tf.losses.get_losses():
            global_summaries.add(
                tf.summary.scalar(loss_tensor.op.name, loss_tensor))
            global_summaries.add(
                tf.summary.scalar('TotalLoss', tf.losses.get_total_loss()))

        # Add the summaries from the first clone. These contain the summaries
        # created by model_fn and either optimize_clones() or _gather_clone_loss().
        summaries |= set(
            tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.SUMMARIES, first_clone_scope))
        summaries |= global_summaries

        # Merge all summaries together.
        summary_op = tf.summary.merge(list(summaries), name='summary_op')

        # Soft placement allows placing on CPU ops without GPU implementation.
        gpu_memory_fraction = 0.8
        gpu_options = tf.GPUOptions(
            per_process_gpu_memory_fraction=gpu_memory_fraction,
            allow_growth=True)
        session_config = tf.ConfigProto(allow_soft_placement=True,
                                        log_device_placement=False,
                                        gpu_options=gpu_options)

        # Save checkpoints regularly.
        keep_checkpoint_every_n_hours = train_config.keep_checkpoint_every_n_hours
        saver = tf.train.Saver(
            keep_checkpoint_every_n_hours=keep_checkpoint_every_n_hours)

        slim.learning.train(train_tensor,
                            logdir=train_dir,
                            master=master,
                            is_chief=is_chief,
                            session_config=session_config,
                            startup_delay_steps=15,
                            init_fn=init_fn,
                            summary_op=summary_op,
                            number_of_steps=None,
                            save_summaries_secs=120,
                            sync_optimizer=None,
                            saver=saver)
Exemplo n.º 4
0
def train(create_tensor_dict_fn_list, create_model_fn, train_config, master,
          task, num_clones, worker_replicas, clone_on_cpu, ps_tasks,
          worker_job_name, is_chief, train_dir):
    """Training function for models.
  Args:
    create_tensor_dict_fn: a function to create a tensor input dictionary.
    create_model_fn: a function that creates a DetectionModel and generates
                     losses.
    train_config: a train_pb2.TrainConfig protobuf.
    master: BNS name of the TensorFlow master to use.
    task: The task id of this training instance.
    num_clones: The number of clones to run per machine.
    worker_replicas: The number of work replicas to train with.
    clone_on_cpu: True if clones should be forced to run on CPU.
    ps_tasks: Number of parameter server tasks.
    worker_job_name: Name of the worker job.
    is_chief: Whether this replica is the chief replica.
    train_dir: Directory to write checkpoints and training summaries to.
  """
    data_augmentation_options = [
        preprocessor_builder.build(step)
        for step in train_config.data_augmentation_options
    ]

    with tf.Graph().as_default():
        # Build a configuration specifying multi-GPU and multi-replicas.
        deploy_config = model_deploy.DeploymentConfig(
            num_clones=num_clones,
            clone_on_cpu=clone_on_cpu,
            replica_id=task,
            num_replicas=worker_replicas,
            num_ps_tasks=ps_tasks,
            worker_job_name=worker_job_name)

        # Place the global step on the device storing the variables.
        with tf.device(deploy_config.variables_device()):
            global_step = tf.train.create_global_step()

        with tf.device(deploy_config.inputs_device()), \
             tf.name_scope('Input'):
            input_queue_list = []
            for i, create_tensor_dict_fn in enumerate(
                    create_tensor_dict_fn_list):
                input_queue_list.append(
                    _create_input_queue(
                        train_config.batch_size[i] // num_clones,
                        create_tensor_dict_fn,
                        train_config.batch_queue_capacity,
                        train_config.num_batch_queue_threads,
                        train_config.prefetch_queue_capacity,
                        data_augmentation_options))

        # Gather initial summaries.
        summaries = set(tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.SUMMARIES))
        global_summaries = set([])

        model_fn = functools.partial(_create_losses,
                                     create_model_fn=create_model_fn)
        clones = model_deploy.create_clones(deploy_config, model_fn,
                                            [input_queue_list])
        first_clone_scope = clones[0].scope

        # Gather update_ops from the first clone. These contain, for example,
        # the updates for the batch_norm variables created by model_fn.
        update_ops = tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.UPDATE_OPS,
                                       first_clone_scope)

        with tf.device(deploy_config.optimizer_device()), \
             tf.name_scope('Optimizer'):
            training_optimizer = optimizer_builder.build(
                train_config.optimizer, global_summaries)

        sync_optimizer = None
        if train_config.sync_replicas:
            training_optimizer = tf.train.SyncReplicasOptimizer(
                training_optimizer,
                replicas_to_aggregate=train_config.replicas_to_aggregate,
                total_num_replicas=train_config.worker_replicas)
            sync_optimizer = training_optimizer

        # Create ops required to initialize the model from a given checkpoint.
        init_fn = None
        '''
    if train_config.fine_tune_checkpoint:
      var_map = detection_model.restore_map(
        from_detection_checkpoint=train_config.from_detection_checkpoint
      )
      available_var_map = variables_helper.get_variables_available_in_checkpoint(
        var_map,
        train_config.fine_tune_checkpoint
      )
      init_saver = tf.train.Saver(available_var_map)
      def initializer_fn(sess):
        init_saver.restore(sess, train_config.fine_tune_checkpoint)
      init_fn = initializer_fn
     '''
        if train_config.fine_tune_checkpoint:
            all_vars = tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.TRAINABLE_VARIABLES)
            restore_vars = [
                var for var in all_vars
                if (var.name.split('/')[0] == 'FeatureExtractor'
                    and var.name.split('/')[1] == 'Convnet')
            ]
            pre_train_saver = tf.train.Saver(restore_vars)

            def load_pretrain(scaffold, sess):
                pre_train_saver.restore(sess,
                                        train_config.fine_tune_checkpoint)
        else:
            load_pretrain = None

        with tf.device(deploy_config.optimizer_device()), \
             tf.variable_scope('OptimizeClones'):
            total_loss, grads_and_vars = model_deploy.optimize_clones(
                clones, training_optimizer, regularization_losses=None)
            total_loss = tf.check_numerics(total_loss,
                                           'LossTensor is inf or nan.')

            # Optionally multiply bias gradients by train_config.bias_grad_multiplier.
            if train_config.bias_grad_multiplier:
                biases_regex_list = [r'.*bias(?:es)?', r'.*beta']
                grads_and_vars = variables_helper.multiply_gradients_matching_regex(
                    grads_and_vars,
                    biases_regex_list,
                    multiplier=train_config.bias_grad_multiplier)

            # Optionally freeze some layers by setting their gradients to be zero.
            if train_config.freeze_variables:
                grads_and_vars = variables_helper.freeze_gradients_matching_regex(
                    grads_and_vars, train_config.freeze_variables)

            # Optionally clip gradients
            if train_config.gradient_clipping_by_norm > 0:
                with tf.name_scope('clip_grads'):
                    grads_and_vars = tf.contrib.training.clip_gradient_norms(
                        grads_and_vars, train_config.gradient_clipping_by_norm)

            # Create gradient updates.
            grad_updates = training_optimizer.apply_gradients(
                grads_and_vars, global_step=global_step)
            update_ops.append(grad_updates)

            update_op = tf.group(*update_ops)
            with tf.control_dependencies([update_op]):
                train_tensor = tf.identity(total_loss, name='train_op')

        # Add summaries.
        for (grad, var) in grads_and_vars:
            var_name = var.op.name
            grad_name = 'grad/' + var_name
            global_summaries.add(tf.summary.histogram(grad_name, grad))
            global_summaries.add(tf.summary.histogram(var_name, var))
        # for model_var in tf.contrib.framework.get_model_variables():
        #   global_summaries.add(tf.summary.histogram(model_var.op.name, model_var))
        for loss_tensor in tf.losses.get_losses():
            global_summaries.add(
                tf.summary.scalar(loss_tensor.op.name, loss_tensor))
        global_summaries.add(
            tf.summary.scalar('TotalLoss', tf.losses.get_total_loss()))

        # Add the summaries from the first clone. These contain the summaries
        # created by model_fn and either optimize_clones() or _gather_clone_loss().
        summaries |= set(
            tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.SUMMARIES, first_clone_scope))
        summaries |= global_summaries

        # Merge all summaries together.
        summary_op = tf.summary.merge(list(summaries), name='summary_op')

        # Soft placement allows placing on CPU ops without GPU implementation.
        session_config = tf.ConfigProto(allow_soft_placement=True,
                                        log_device_placement=False)

        # Save checkpoints regularly.
        keep_checkpoint_every_n_hours = train_config.keep_checkpoint_every_n_hours
        saver = tf.train.Saver(
            keep_checkpoint_every_n_hours=keep_checkpoint_every_n_hours)

        scaffold = tf.train.Scaffold(init_fn=load_pretrain,
                                     summary_op=summary_op,
                                     saver=saver)
        stop_hook = tf.train.StopAtStepHook(
            num_steps=(train_config.num_steps
                       if train_config.num_steps else None), )
        profile_hook = profile_session_run_hooks.ProfileAtStepHook(
            at_step=200, checkpoint_dir=train_dir)
        tf.contrib.training.train(
            train_tensor,
            train_dir,
            master=master,
            is_chief=is_chief,
            scaffold=scaffold,
            hooks=[stop_hook, profile_hook],
            chief_only_hooks=None,
            save_checkpoint_secs=train_config.save_checkpoint_secs,
            save_summaries_steps=train_config.save_summaries_steps,
            config=session_config)
Exemplo n.º 5
0
def train(create_tensor_dict_fn,
          create_model_fn,
          train_config,
          master,
          task,
          num_clones,
          worker_replicas,
          clone_on_cpu,
          ps_tasks,
          worker_job_name,
          is_chief,
          train_dir,
          graph_hook_fn=None):
    """Training function for detection models.

  Args:
    create_tensor_dict_fn: a function to create a tensor input dictionary.
    create_model_fn: a function that creates a DetectionModel and generates
                     losses.
    train_config: a train_pb2.TrainConfig protobuf.
    master: BNS name of the TensorFlow master to use.
    task: The task id of this training instance.
    num_clones: The number of clones to run per machine.
    worker_replicas: The number of work replicas to train with.
    clone_on_cpu: True if clones should be forced to run on CPU.
    ps_tasks: Number of parameter server tasks.
    worker_job_name: Name of the worker job.
    is_chief: Whether this replica is the chief replica.
    train_dir: Directory to write checkpoints and training summaries to.
    graph_hook_fn: Optional function that is called after the inference graph is
      built (before optimization). This is helpful to perform additional changes
      to the training graph such as adding FakeQuant ops. The function should
      modify the default graph.

  Raises:
    ValueError: If both num_clones > 1 and train_config.sync_replicas is true.
  """

    detection_model = create_model_fn()
    data_augmentation_options = [
        preprocessor_builder.build(step)
        for step in train_config.data_augmentation_options
    ]

    with tf.Graph().as_default():
        # Build a configuration specifying multi-GPU and multi-replicas.
        deploy_config = model_deploy.DeploymentConfig(
            num_clones=num_clones,
            clone_on_cpu=clone_on_cpu,
            replica_id=task,
            num_replicas=worker_replicas,
            num_ps_tasks=ps_tasks,
            worker_job_name=worker_job_name)

        # Place the global step on the device storing the variables.
        with tf.device(deploy_config.variables_device()):
            global_step = slim.create_global_step()

        if num_clones != 1 and train_config.sync_replicas:
            raise ValueError('In Synchronous SGD mode num_clones must ',
                             'be 1. Found num_clones: {}'.format(num_clones))
        batch_size = train_config.batch_size // num_clones
        if train_config.sync_replicas:
            batch_size //= train_config.replicas_to_aggregate

        with tf.device(deploy_config.inputs_device()):
            input_queue = create_input_queue(
                batch_size, create_tensor_dict_fn,
                train_config.batch_queue_capacity,
                train_config.num_batch_queue_threads,
                train_config.prefetch_queue_capacity,
                data_augmentation_options)

        # Gather initial summaries.
        # TODO(rathodv): See if summaries can be added/extracted from global tf
        # collections so that they don't have to be passed around.
        summaries = set(tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.SUMMARIES))
        global_summaries = set([])

        model_fn = functools.partial(_create_losses,
                                     create_model_fn=create_model_fn,
                                     train_config=train_config)
        clones = model_deploy.create_clones(deploy_config, model_fn,
                                            [input_queue])
        first_clone_scope = clones[0].scope

        if graph_hook_fn:
            with tf.device(deploy_config.variables_device()):
                graph_hook_fn()

        # Gather update_ops from the first clone. These contain, for example,
        # the updates for the batch_norm variables created by model_fn.
        update_ops = tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.UPDATE_OPS,
                                       first_clone_scope)

        with tf.device(deploy_config.optimizer_device()):
            training_optimizer, optimizer_summary_vars = optimizer_builder.build(
                train_config.optimizer)
            for var in optimizer_summary_vars:
                tf.summary.scalar(var.op.name, var, family='LearningRate')

        sync_optimizer = None
        if train_config.sync_replicas:
            training_optimizer = tf.train.SyncReplicasOptimizer(
                training_optimizer,
                replicas_to_aggregate=train_config.replicas_to_aggregate,
                total_num_replicas=worker_replicas)
            sync_optimizer = training_optimizer

        with tf.device(deploy_config.optimizer_device()):
            regularization_losses = (
                None if train_config.add_regularization_loss else [])
            total_loss, grads_and_vars = model_deploy.optimize_clones(
                clones,
                training_optimizer,
                regularization_losses=regularization_losses)
            total_loss = tf.check_numerics(total_loss,
                                           'LossTensor is inf or nan.')

            # Optionally multiply bias gradients by train_config.bias_grad_multiplier.
            if train_config.bias_grad_multiplier:
                biases_regex_list = ['.*/biases']
                grads_and_vars = variables_helper.multiply_gradients_matching_regex(
                    grads_and_vars,
                    biases_regex_list,
                    multiplier=train_config.bias_grad_multiplier)

            # Optionally freeze some layers by setting their gradients to be zero.
            if train_config.freeze_variables:
                grads_and_vars = variables_helper.freeze_gradients_matching_regex(
                    grads_and_vars, train_config.freeze_variables)

            # Optionally clip gradients
            if train_config.gradient_clipping_by_norm > 0:
                with tf.name_scope('clip_grads'):
                    grads_and_vars = slim.learning.clip_gradient_norms(
                        grads_and_vars, train_config.gradient_clipping_by_norm)

            # Create gradient updates.
            grad_updates = training_optimizer.apply_gradients(
                grads_and_vars, global_step=global_step)
            update_ops.append(grad_updates)
            update_op = tf.group(*update_ops, name='update_barrier')
            with tf.control_dependencies([update_op]):
                train_tensor = tf.identity(total_loss, name='train_op')

        # Add summaries.
        for model_var in slim.get_model_variables():
            global_summaries.add(
                tf.summary.histogram('ModelVars/' + model_var.op.name,
                                     model_var))
        for loss_tensor in tf.losses.get_losses():
            global_summaries.add(
                tf.summary.scalar('Losses/' + loss_tensor.op.name,
                                  loss_tensor))
        global_summaries.add(
            tf.summary.scalar('Losses/TotalLoss', tf.losses.get_total_loss()))

        # Add the summaries from the first clone. These contain the summaries
        # created by model_fn and either optimize_clones() or _gather_clone_loss().
        summaries |= set(
            tf.get_collection(tf.GraphKeys.SUMMARIES, first_clone_scope))
        summaries |= global_summaries

        # Merge all summaries together.
        summary_op = tf.summary.merge(list(summaries), name='summary_op')

        # Soft placement allows placing on CPU ops without GPU implementation.
        session_config = tf.ConfigProto(allow_soft_placement=True,
                                        log_device_placement=False)

        # Save checkpoints regularly.
        keep_checkpoint_every_n_hours = train_config.keep_checkpoint_every_n_hours
        saver = tf.train.Saver(
            keep_checkpoint_every_n_hours=keep_checkpoint_every_n_hours)

        # Create ops required to initialize the model from a given checkpoint.
        init_fn = None
        if train_config.fine_tune_checkpoint:
            if not train_config.fine_tune_checkpoint_type:
                # train_config.from_detection_checkpoint field is deprecated. For
                # backward compatibility, fine_tune_checkpoint_type is set based on
                # from_detection_checkpoint.
                if train_config.from_detection_checkpoint:
                    train_config.fine_tune_checkpoint_type = 'detection'
                else:
                    train_config.fine_tune_checkpoint_type = 'classification'
            var_map = detection_model.restore_map(
                fine_tune_checkpoint_type=train_config.
                fine_tune_checkpoint_type,
                load_all_detection_checkpoint_vars=(
                    train_config.load_all_detection_checkpoint_vars))
            available_var_map = (
                variables_helper.get_variables_available_in_checkpoint(
                    var_map,
                    train_config.fine_tune_checkpoint,
                    include_global_step=False))
            init_saver = tf.train.Saver(available_var_map)

            def initializer_fn(sess):
                init_saver.restore(sess, train_config.fine_tune_checkpoint)

            init_fn = initializer_fn

        slim.learning.train(
            train_tensor,
            logdir=train_dir,
            master=master,
            is_chief=is_chief,
            session_config=session_config,
            startup_delay_steps=train_config.startup_delay_steps,
            init_fn=init_fn,
            summary_op=summary_op,
            number_of_steps=(train_config.num_steps
                             if train_config.num_steps else None),
            save_summaries_secs=120,
            sync_optimizer=sync_optimizer,
            saver=saver)