def regression_visualization(model, X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test):
visualizer = PredictionError(model)
visualizer.fit(X_train, y_train)
visualizer.score(X_test, y_test)
plt.title('Score visualization')
plt.legend()
st.pyplot()
def peplot():
X, y = load_concrete()
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = tts(X, y, test_size=0.2)
oz = PredictionError(Lasso(), ax=newfig())
oz.fit(X_train, y_train)
oz.score(X_test, y_test)
savefig(oz, "prediction_error")
def prediction_error_plot(lin_model,x_train, y_train, x_test, y_test):
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(16,12))
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(111)
visualizer_pred_err = PredictionError(lin_model, ax=ax1)
visualizer_pred_err.fit(x_train, y_train) # Fit the training data to the visualizer
visualizer_pred_err.score(x_test, y_test) # Evaluate the model on the test data
visualizer_pred_err.show()
def visualiza_erros(train_x,train_y,test_x,test_y):
visualizer = PredictionError(LinearRegression())
visualizer.fit(train_x, train_y)
visualizer.score(test_x, test_y)
visualizer.poof()
visualizer = ResidualsPlot(LinearRegression())
visualizer.fit(train_x, train_y)
visualizer.score(test_x, test_y)
visualizer.poof()
def log_prediction_error_chart(regressor,
X_train,
X_test,
y_train,
y_test,
experiment=None):
"""Log prediction error chart.
Make sure you created an experiment by using ``neptune.create_experiment()`` before you use this method.
Tip:
Check `Neptune documentation <https://docs.neptune.ai/integrations/scikit_learn.html>`_ for the full example.
Args:
regressor (:obj:`regressor`):
| Fitted sklearn regressor object
X_train (:obj:`ndarray`):
| Training data matrix
X_test (:obj:`ndarray`):
| Testing data matrix
y_train (:obj:`ndarray`):
| The regression target for training
y_test (:obj:`ndarray`):
| The regression target for testing
experiment (:obj:`neptune.experiments.Experiment`, optional, default is ``None``):
| Neptune ``Experiment`` object to control to which experiment you log the data.
| If ``None``, log to currently active, and most recent experiment.
Returns:
``None``
Examples:
.. code:: python3
rfr = RandomForestRegressor()
rfr.fit(X_train, y_train)
neptune.init('my_workspace/my_project')
neptune.create_experiment()
log_prediction_error_chart(rfr, X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test)
"""
assert is_regressor(regressor), 'regressor should be sklearn regressor.'
exp = _validate_experiment(experiment)
try:
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
visualizer = PredictionError(regressor, is_fitted=True, ax=ax)
visualizer.fit(X_train, y_train)
visualizer.score(X_test, y_test)
visualizer.finalize()
exp.log_image('charts_sklearn', fig, image_name='Prediction Error')
plt.close(fig)
except Exception as e:
print('Did not log prediction error chart. Error: {}'.format(e))
def visualize_prediction_error(self, model_info): model = model_info['model'] X_train = model_info['X_train'] X_test = model_info['X_test'] Y_train = model_info['Y_train'] Y_test = model_info['Y_test'] visualizer = PredictionError(model) visualizer.fit(X_train, Y_train) # Fit the training data to the visualizer visualizer.score(X_test, Y_test) # Evaluate the model on the test data
def regression_sanity_check(model, X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test):
fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(nrows=1, ncols=2, figsize=(20, 10))
plt.sca(ax1)
visualizer = ResidualsPlot(model, ax=ax1)
visualizer.fit(X_train, y_train)
visualizer.score(X_test, y_test)
plt.sca(ax2)
visualizer2 = PredictionError(model, ax=ax2)
visualizer2.fit(X_train, y_train)
visualizer2.score(X_test, y_test)
visualizer.finalize()
visualizer2.poof()
def create_prediction_error_chart(regressor, X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test):
"""Create prediction error chart.
Tip:
Check Sklearn-Neptune integration
`documentation <https://docs-beta.neptune.ai/essentials/integrations/machine-learning-frameworks/sklearn>`_
for the full example.
Args:
regressor (:obj:`regressor`):
| Fitted sklearn regressor object
X_train (:obj:`ndarray`):
| Training data matrix
X_test (:obj:`ndarray`):
| Testing data matrix
y_train (:obj:`ndarray`):
| The regression target for training
y_test (:obj:`ndarray`):
| The regression target for testing
Returns:
``neptune.types.File`` object that you can assign to run's ``base_namespace``.
Examples:
.. code:: python3
import neptune.new.integrations.sklearn as npt_utils
rfr = RandomForestRegressor()
rfr.fit(X_train, y_train)
run = neptune.init(project='my_workspace/my_project')
run['prediction_error'] = npt_utils.create_prediction_error_chart(rfr, X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test)
"""
assert is_regressor(regressor), 'regressor should be sklearn regressor.'
chart = None
try:
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
visualizer = PredictionError(regressor, is_fitted=True, ax=ax)
visualizer.fit(X_train, y_train)
visualizer.score(X_test, y_test)
visualizer.finalize()
chart = neptune.types.File.as_image(fig)
plt.close(fig)
except Exception as e:
print('Did not log prediction error chart. Error: {}'.format(e))
return chart
def testFunc9(savepath='Results/bikeshare_Ridge_PredictionError.png'):
'''
基于共享单车数据使用AlphaSelection
'''
data = pd.read_csv('fixtures/bikeshare/bikeshare.csv')
X = data[[
"season", "month", "hour", "holiday", "weekday", "workingday",
"weather", "temp", "feelslike", "humidity", "windspeed"
]]
Y = data["riders"]
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, Y, test_size=0.3)
visualizer = PredictionError(Ridge(alpha=3.181))
visualizer.fit(X_train, y_train)
visualizer.score(X_test, y_test)
visualizer.poof(outpath=savepath)
def perror(ax):
from sklearn.linear_model import LassoCV
from yellowbrick.regressor import PredictionError
features = [
'cement', 'slag', 'ash', 'water', 'splast', 'coarse', 'fine', 'age'
]
splits = load_data('concrete', cols=features, target='strength', tts=True)
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = splits
estimator = LassoCV()
visualizer = PredictionError(estimator, ax=ax)
visualizer.fit(X_train, y_train)
visualizer.score(X_test, y_test)
return visualizer
def prediction_error_plot(self) -> None:
"""Plot the actual targets from the dataset against the predicted values
generated by our model. This allows us to see how much variance is in the model.
"""
visualizer = PredictionError(self.trained_model)
visualizer.fit(self.X_train,
self.y_train) # Fit the training data to the visualizer
visualizer.score(self.X_test,
self.y_test) # Evaluate the model on the test data
save_dir = f"{self.plots_dir}/prediction_error_plot_{self.model_id}.png"
visualizer.show(outpath=save_dir)
if not LOCAL:
upload_to_s3(save_dir,
f'plots/prediction_error_plot_{self.model_id}.png',
bucket=S3_BUCKET_NAME)
plt.clf()
def lasso_regression(X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test, plot):
"""
Perfomring a lasso regression with built in CV and plotting the feature importance
"""
# Fit the ridge regression
reg = LassoCV()
reg.fit(X_train, y_train)
print("Best alpha using built-in LassoCV: %f" % reg.alpha_)
print("Best score using built-in LassoCV: %f" % reg.score(X_train, y_train))
coef = pd.Series(reg.coef_, index=X_train.columns)
print(
"Lasso picked "
+ str(sum(coef != 0))
+ " variables and eliminated the other "
+ str(sum(coef == 0))
+ " variables"
)
# Extract the feature importance
imp_coef = coef.sort_values()
# Plot the feature importance
if plot:
plt.rcParams["figure.figsize"] = (8.0, 10.0)
imp_coef.plot(kind="barh")
plt.title("Feature importance using Lasso Model")
plt.show()
# Plotting the prediction error
visualizer = PredictionError(reg, size=(1080, 720))
visualizer.fit(X_train, y_train) # Fit the training data to the visualizer
visualizer.score(X_test, y_test) # Evaluate the model on the test data
visualizer.show() # Finalize and render the figure
# Visualizing the regression
visualizer = ResidualsPlot(reg, size=(1080, 720))
visualizer.fit(X_train, y_train) # Fit the training data to the visualizer
visualizer.score(X_test, y_test) # Evaluate the model on the test data
visualizer.show() # Finalize and render the figure
# Using the test data to calculate a score
y_pred = reg.predict(X_test)
# Return metrics
return {
"name": "Lasso Regression",
"R squared": reg.score(X_test, y_test),
"RMSE": rmse(y_test, y_pred),
"R squared training": reg.score(X_train, y_train),
"MAE": mean_absolute_error(y_test, y_pred),
}
def showError():
# Load the data
df = load_data('concrete')
feature_names = [
'cement', 'slag', 'ash', 'water', 'splast', 'coarse', 'fine', 'age'
]
target_name = 'strength'
# Get the X and y data from the DataFrame
X = df[feature_names].as_matrix()
y = df[target_name].as_matrix()
# Create the train and test data
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2)
# Instantiate the linear model and visualizer
lasso = Lasso()
visualizer = PredictionError(lasso)
visualizer.fit(X_train, y_train) # Fit the training data to the visualizer
visualizer.score(X_test, y_test) # Evaluate the model on the test data
g = visualizer.poof() # Draw/show/poof the data
def test_prepredict_regressor(self):
"""
Test the prepredict estimator with a prediction error plot
"""
# Make prepredictions
X, y = self.continuous.X, self.continuous.y
y_pred = LinearRegression().fit(X.train, y.train).predict(X.test)
# Create prepredict estimator with prior predictions
estimator = PrePredict(y_pred, REGRESSOR)
assert estimator.fit(X.train, y.train) is estimator
assert estimator.predict(X.train) is y_pred
assert estimator.score(X.test, y.test) == pytest.approx(0.9999983124154966, rel=1e-2)
# Test that a visualizer works with the pre-predictions.
viz = PredictionError(estimator)
viz.fit(X.train, y.train)
viz.score(X.test, y.test)
viz.finalize()
self.assert_images_similar(viz, tol=10.0)
def regression(fname="regression.png"):
"""
Create figures for regression models
"""
_, axes = plt.subplots(ncols=2, figsize=(18, 6))
alphas = np.logspace(-10, 1, 300)
data = load_concrete(split=True)
# Plot prediction error in the middle
oz = PredictionError(LassoCV(alphas=alphas), ax=axes[0])
oz.fit(data.X.train, data.y.train)
oz.score(data.X.test, data.y.test)
oz.finalize()
# Plot residuals on the right
oz = ResidualsPlot(RidgeCV(alphas=alphas), ax=axes[1])
oz.fit(data.X.train, data.y.train)
oz.score(data.X.test, data.y.test)
oz.finalize()
# Save figure
path = os.path.join(FIGURES, fname)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig(path)
def regression(fname="regression.png"):
"""
Create figures for regression models
"""
_, axes = plt.subplots(ncols=2, figsize=(18, 6))
alphas = np.logspace(-10, 1, 300)
data = load_concrete(split=True)
# Plot prediction error in the middle
oz = PredictionError(LassoCV(alphas=alphas), ax=axes[0])
oz.fit(data.X.train, data.y.train)
oz.score(data.X.test, data.y.test)
oz.finalize()
# Plot residuals on the right
oz = ResidualsPlot(RidgeCV(alphas=alphas), ax=axes[1])
oz.fit(data.X.train, data.y.train)
oz.score(data.X.test, data.y.test)
oz.finalize()
# Save figure
path = os.path.join(FIGURES, fname)
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig(path)
def evaluate_results_time_series(df,
time_period_col,
model,
target,
path_to_save_report,
max_features=None,
plot_since_period=0):
mean_error = []
with PdfPages(path_to_save_report) as pdf:
for period in range(df[time_period_col].min() + 1,
df[time_period_col].max() + 1):
train = df[df.time_period < period]
test = df[df.time_period == period]
X_train, X_test = train.drop(target, 1), test.drop(target, 1)
y_train, y_test = train[target], test[target]
#model.fit(X_train, y_train)
y_pred = model.predict(X_test)
error = rmse(y_test, y_pred)
mean_error.append(error)
if period >= plot_since_period:
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(22, 5))
title = fig.suptitle(
'Period {} - Error {} - Train size: {} / Test size: {}'.
format(period, round(error, 5), len(y_train), len(y_test)),
fontsize=14)
fig.subplots_adjust(top=0.85, wspace=0.1)
ax1 = fig.add_subplot(1, 2, 1)
visualizer = PredictionError(model, ax=ax1, line_color="red")
visualizer.score(X_test, y_test)
visualizer.finalize()
ax2 = fig.add_subplot(1, 2, 2)
visualizer = ResidualsPlot(model, ax=ax2)
visualizer.fit(X_train, y_train)
visualizer.score(X_test, y_test)
visualizer.finalize()
#ax3 = fig.add_subplot(1,3,3)
#visualize.plot_coefficients(model, X_train)
# plt.show()
pdf.savefig(fig)
plt.close()
_logger.info('Period %d - Error %.5f' % (period, error))
else:
_logger.info('Period %d - Error %.5f' % (period, error))
_logger.info('Mean Error = %.5f' % np.mean(mean_error))
return model, X_train, y_train, X_test, y_test, mean_error
scores = cross_validation.cross_val_score(clf, X_train, y_train, cv=5)
print(scores)
print("Accuracy: %0.2f (+/- %0.2f)" % (scores.mean(), scores.std() / 2))
model = LinearRegression()
model.fit(X_train, y_train)
yhat = model.predict(X_test)
r2 = r2_score(y_test, yhat)
me = mse(y_test, yhat)
print("r2={:0.3f} MSE={:0.3f}".format(r2, me))
from yellowbrick.regressor import PredictionError
# Instantiate the visualizer
visualizer = PredictionError(LinearRegression())
# Fit
visualizer.fit(X_train, y_train)
# Score and visualize
visualizer.score(X_test, y_test)
visualizer.poof()
from yellowbrick.regressor import ResidualsPlot
model = ResidualsPlot(LinearRegression())
model.fit(X_train, y_train)
model.score(X_test, y_test)
model.poof()
model = ElasticNetCV(alphas=alphas)
model.fit(X_train, y_train)
yhat = model.predict(X_test)
r2 = r2_score(y_test, yhat)
acc_gbr.append(abs(y_pred_gbr[i] - Y_test[i]) / Y_test[i])
final_s_gbr = sum(acc_gbr) / len(acc_gbr)
acc_train_gbr = []
for i in range(0, len(y_pred_train_gbr)):
acc_train_gbr.append(abs(y_pred_train_gbr[i] - Y_train[i]) / Y_train[i])
final_s_train_gbr = sum(acc_train_gbr) / len(acc_train_gbr)
final_acc_gbr = (1 - final_s_train_gbr) * 100
print("Accuracy of GradientBoostRegression is")
print(final_acc_gbr)
print("The mean absolute error of GradientBoost ")
mae_gbr = mean_absolute_error(Y_test, y_pred_gbr)
print(mae_gbr)
model = Lasso()
visualizer1 = PredictionError(modelgb)
visualizer1.fit(X_train, Y_train) # Fit the training data to the visualizer
visualizer1.score(X_test, Y_test) # Evaluate the model on the test data
g = visualizer1.poof()
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestRegressor
rfregressor = RandomForestRegressor(n_estimators=100, random_state=0)
modelrfr = rfregressor.fit(X_train, Y_train)
y_pred_rfr = rfregressor.predict(X_test)
y_pred_train_rfr = rfregressor.predict(X_train)
y_pred_train_rfr = y_pred_train_rfr.tolist()
acc_rfr = []
for i in range(0, len(y_pred_rfr)):
acc_rfr.append(abs(y_pred_rfr[i] - Y_test[i]) / Y_test[i])
final_s_rfr = sum(acc_rfr) / len(acc_rfr)
Koefisien yang paling besar dari model adalah GrLivArea sebesar 0.3154, artinya harga rumah sensitif dengan kolom ini. Apabila
terjadi peningkatan terhadap nilai GrLivArea, harga rumah akan meningkat lebih tinggi dibandingkan apabila terjadi kenaikan pada feature yang lain dengan kenaikan yang sama.
Perhatikan juga terdapat feature dengan nilai koefisien yang negatif (ExterQual_TA dan ExterQual_Fa), artinya apabila feature ini meningkat maka harga rumah akan menjadi lebih turun.
'''
'''
#### 2. Residual Plot
'''
st.write('')
visualizer_residual = ResidualsPlot(model_lr)
visualizer_residual.fit(X_train, y_train)
visualizer_residual.score(X_test, y_test)
visualizer_residual.finalize()
st.pyplot()
'''
Residual berdistribusi paling banyak pada nilai 0. Akan tetapi, masih terdapat nilai residual yang cukup tinggi. Hal ini menyebabkan distribusi dari residual tidak sepenuhnya normal, tetapi menjadi skew.
'''
'''
#### 3. Prediction Error
'''
st.write('')
visualizer_prediction_error = PredictionError(model_lr)
visualizer_prediction_error.fit(X_train, y_train)
visualizer_prediction_error.score(X_test, y_test)
visualizer_prediction_error.finalize()
st.pyplot()
'''
Antara garis best fit dengan garis identity tidak begitu jauh, sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa model yang dibuat optimal.
'''
def predict():
filename = request.form['name']
regressor = pickle.load(open(filename, 'rb'))
temp_array = list()
if request.method == 'POST':
batting_team = request.form['batting-team']
if batting_team == 'Chennai Super Kings':
temp_array = temp_array + [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
elif batting_team == 'Delhi Daredevils':
temp_array = temp_array + [0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
elif batting_team == 'Kings XI Punjab':
temp_array = temp_array + [0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
elif batting_team == 'Kolkata Knight Riders':
temp_array = temp_array + [0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0]
elif batting_team == 'Mumbai Indians':
temp_array = temp_array + [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0]
elif batting_team == 'Rajasthan Royals':
temp_array = temp_array + [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0]
elif batting_team == 'Royal Challengers Bangalore':
temp_array = temp_array + [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0]
elif batting_team == 'Sunrisers Hyderabad':
temp_array = temp_array + [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1]
bowling_team = request.form['bowling-team']
if bowling_team == 'Chennai Super Kings':
temp_array = temp_array + [1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
elif bowling_team == 'Delhi Daredevils':
temp_array = temp_array + [0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
elif bowling_team == 'Kings XI Punjab':
temp_array = temp_array + [0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0]
elif bowling_team == 'Kolkata Knight Riders':
temp_array = temp_array + [0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0]
elif bowling_team == 'Mumbai Indians':
temp_array = temp_array + [0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0]
elif bowling_team == 'Rajasthan Royals':
temp_array = temp_array + [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0]
elif bowling_team == 'Royal Challengers Bangalore':
temp_array = temp_array + [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0]
elif bowling_team == 'Sunrisers Hyderabad':
temp_array = temp_array + [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1]
overs = float(request.form['overs'])
runs = int(request.form['runs'])
wickets = int(request.form['wickets'])
runs_in_prev_5 = int(request.form['runs_in_prev_5'])
wickets_in_prev_5 = int(request.form['wickets_in_prev_5'])
temp_array = temp_array + [overs, runs,
wickets, runs_in_prev_5, wickets_in_prev_5]
data = np.array([temp_array])
my_prediction = int(regressor.predict(data)[0])
model = regressor
visualizer_pe = PredictionError(model)
visualizer_pe.fit(X_train, y_train)
visualizer_pe.score(X_test, y_test)
vpe = visualizer_pe.poof()
return render_template('prediction.html', lower_limit=my_prediction-10, upper_limit=my_prediction+5, vpe=vpe)
def scikit_learn_method(x,
y,
min_x,
max_x,
max_y,
ln_bool,
df=all_scopus,
test_size=0.2,
random_state=0):
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/42988348/typeerror-cannot-convert-the-series-to-class-float
if ln_bool:
y = np.log(y)
# set random_state = 0 for consistent seed
x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(x,
y,
test_size=0.2,
random_state=0)
# reshape (-1, 1) - gives us 1 sample; no need to reshape y
# https://datatofish.com/dropna/
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18691084/what-does-1-mean-in-numpy-reshape
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/53723928/attributeerror-series-object-has-no-attribute-reshape
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/35082140/preprocessing-in-scikit-learn-single-sample-depreciation-warning
x_train = x_train.values.reshape(-1, 1)
x_test = x_test.values.reshape(-1, 1)
model_withOutliers = LinearRegression()
model_withOutliers = model_withOutliers.fit(x_train, y_train)
print('y-hat = %sx + %s' %
(model_withOutliers.coef_[0], model_withOutliers.intercept_))
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41635448/how-can-i-draw-scatter-trend-line-on-matplot-python-pandas/41635626
from sklearn.metrics import r2_score
plt.scatter(x, y) # with outliers
plt.title('With outliers')
m, b = model_withOutliers.coef_[0], model_withOutliers.intercept_
plt.plot(x, m * x + b)
plt.show()
text = f"$y={m:0.3f}\;x{b:+0.3f}$\n$R^2 = {r2_score(y, m * x + b):0.3f}$"
plt.gca().text(0.05,
0.95,
text,
transform=plt.gca().transAxes,
fontsize=14,
verticalalignment='bottom')
# https://www.scikit-yb.org/en/latest/api/regressor/peplot.html
from sklearn.linear_model import Lasso
from yellowbrick.regressor import PredictionError
lasso_model = Lasso()
visualizer = PredictionError(lasso_model)
visualizer.fit(x_train, y_train) # Fit the training data to the visualizer
visualizer.score(x_test, y_test) # Evaluate the model on the test data
visualizer.show()
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/28876243/how-to-delete-the-current-row-in-pandas-dataframe-during-df-iterrows
plt.xlim(min_x, max_x) # without outliers
plt.ylim(0, max_y)
plt.title('Without outliers')
plt.scatter(x, y)
plt.show()
text = f"$y={m:0.3f}\;x{b:+0.3f}$\n$R^2 = {r2_score(y, m*x+b):0.3f}$"
plt.gca().text(0.05,
0.95,
text,
transform=plt.gca().transAxes,
fontsize=14,
verticalalignment='bottom')
y_pred_with_outliers = model_withOutliers.predict(x_test)
sum_outliers = 0
for i in range(len(df)):
squared_with_outliers = (y_test - y_pred_with_outliers)**2
sum_outliers += squared_with_outliers
mean = sum_outliers / len(df)
rms = mean**0.5
rms_value = 0
for element in rms:
rms_value += element
rms_value = rms_value / len(rms)
print('Root mean squared, with outliers:', rms_value)
from sklearn.linear_model import Lasso
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from yellowbrick.regressor import PredictionError
if __name__ == '__main__':
# Load the regression data set
df = pd.read_csv("../../../examples/data/concrete/concrete.csv")
feature_names = [
'cement', 'slag', 'ash', 'water', 'splast', 'coarse', 'fine', 'age'
]
target_name = 'strength'
# Get the X and y data from the DataFrame
X = df[feature_names].as_matrix()
y = df[target_name].as_matrix()
# Create the train and test data
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2)
# Instantiate the linear model and visualizer
lasso = Lasso()
visualizer = PredictionError(lasso)
visualizer.fit(X_train, y_train) # Fit the training data to the visualizer
visualizer.score(X_test, y_test) # Evaluate the model on the test data
g = visualizer.poof(
outpath="images/prediction_error.png") # Draw/show/poof the data
import pandas as pd
from sklearn.linear_model import Lasso
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
from yellowbrick.regressor import PredictionError
if __name__ == '__main__':
# Load the regression data set
df = pd.read_csv("../../../examples/data/concrete/concrete.csv")
feature_names = ['cement', 'slag', 'ash', 'water', 'splast', 'coarse', 'fine', 'age']
target_name = 'strength'
# Get the X and y data from the DataFrame
X = df[feature_names]
y = df[target_name]
# Create the train and test data
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2)
# Instantiate the linear model and visualizer
lasso = Lasso()
visualizer = PredictionError(lasso)
visualizer.fit(X_train, y_train) # Fit the training data to the visualizer
visualizer.score(X_test, y_test) # Evaluate the model on the test data
g = visualizer.poof(outpath="images/prediction_error.png") # Draw/show/poof the data
print(results)
# How does our model perform on the test data?
score_model(lasso)
# What do our residuals look like?
from yellowbrick.regressor import ResidualsPlot
resplot = ResidualsPlot(lasso)
resplot.fit(Xtrain, ytrain)
resplot.score(Xtest, ytest)
g = resplot.poof()
# What does our prediction error look like?
from yellowbrick.regressor import PredictionError
prederr = PredictionError(lasso)
prederr.fit(Xtrain, ytrain)
prederr.score(Xtrain, ytrain)
g = prederr.poof()
# Next, we pull out our fitted values (yhat) and actuals (ytest) to see how they compare.
# We also calculate our residuals by subtracting our fitted values from the actuals.
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
lasso.fit(Xtrain, ytrain)
yhat = lasso.predict(Xtest)
resid = ytest - yhat
data = pd.DataFrame({
't': range(1,
len(yhat) + 1),
#fitting lasso regression and making predictions
lasso = Lasso(alpha=14)
lasso.fit(X_train, y_train)
predictions3 = lasso.predict(X_test)
score3 = lasso.score(X_test, y_test)
#assessing performance of lasso
mae3 = MAE(y_test, predictions3)
mse3 = MSE(y_test, predictions3)
rmse3 = mse3**(1 / 2)
#feature importance
lasso_coef = lasso.fit(X, y).coef_
#visualizing regression model
visualizer = PredictionError(lasso)
visualizer.fit(X_train, y_train)
visualizer.score(X_test, y_test)
visualizer.show()
#visualizing regression residuals plot
visualizer2 = ResidualsPlot(lasso)
visualizer2.fit(X_train, y_train)
visualizer2.score(X_test, y_test)
visualizer2.show()
print('Linear Regression Score: ', score1)
print('Ridge Regression Score: ', score2)
print('Lasso Regression Score: ', score3)
np.sum(sel_.estimator_.coef_ == 0)))
# Model building
# Lasso
regressor = Lasso(alpha=0.005, random_state=0)
regressor.fit(X_train, y_train)
prediction_Lasso = regressor.predict(
scaler.transform(np.array(values_topredict)))
# Random Forest Regressor
regressor1 = RandomForestRegressor(n_estimators=300, random_state=0)
regressor1.fit(X_train, y_train)
prediction_RFR = regressor1.predict(
scaler.transform(np.array(values_topredict)))
visualiser = PredictionError(regressor)
visualiser.fit(X_train, y_train)
visualiser.score(X_test, y_test)
visualiser.poof()
visualiser1 = PredictionError(regressor1)
visualiser1.fit(X_train, y_train)
visualiser1.score(X_test, y_test)
visualiser1.poof()
y_pred1 = regressor1.predict(X_test)
importance = pd.Series(np.abs(regressor.coef_.ravel()))
importance.index = df.columns.values.tolist()[:20]
importance.sort_values(inplace=True, ascending=False)
importance.plot.bar()
plt.ylabel('Lasso Coefficients')
from sklearn.linear_model import Ridge from yellowbrick.regressor import PredictionError import bikeshare visualizer = PredictionError(Ridge(alpha=3.181)) visualizer.fit(bikeshare.X_train, bikeshare.y_train) visualizer.score(bikeshare.X_test, bikeshare.y_test) visualizer.poof()