def balance_class_balance(path="images/class_balance.png"):
data = load_game()
y = data["outcome"]
oz = ClassBalance(labels=["draw", "loss", "win"])
oz.fit(y)
return oz.poof(outpath=path)
def balance():
X, y = load_occupancy()
_, _, y_train, y_test = tts(X, y, test_size=0.2)
oz = ClassBalance(ax=newfig(), labels=["unoccupied", "occupied"])
oz.fit(y_train, y_test)
savefig(oz, "class_balance")
def balance_class_balance(path="images/class_balance.png"):
data = load_game()
y = data["outcome"]
oz = ClassBalance(labels=["draw", "loss", "win"])
oz.fit(y)
return oz.poof(outpath=path)
def target_visualizer(self,
classes=None,
params={'BalancedBinningReference': {
'bins': 5
}}):
LOGGER.info('Initializing target visualizer')
if os.path.isdir(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'visualizer/')) == False:
os.makedirs(os.path.join(os.getcwd(), 'visualizer/'))
visualizers = []
y = self.y.squeeze()
try:
LOGGER.info('Visualizer BalancedBinningReference')
visualizer = BalancedBinningReference()
if visualizer.__class__.__name__ in params.keys():
visualizer = BalancedBinningReference(
**params[visualizer.__class__.__name__])
visualizer.fit(y)
visualizer.show(outpath=os.path.join(
os.getcwd(),
f"visualizer/{visualizer.__class__.__name__}.png"))
plt.cla()
except:
LOGGER.warn('ERROR BalancedBinning')
try:
LOGGER.info('Visualizer CLassBalance')
visualizer = ClassBalance()
if visualizer.__class__.__name__ in params.keys():
visualizer = ClassBalance(
**params[visualizer.__class__.__name__])
visualizer.fit(y)
visualizer.show(outpath=os.path.join(
os.getcwd(),
f"visualizer/{visualizer.__class__.__name__}.png"))
plt.cla()
except:
LOGGER.warn('ERROR ClassBalance')
try:
LOGGER.info('Visualizer Feature Correlation')
visualizer = FeatureCorrelation(
method='mutual_info-classification',
feature_names=self.X.columns.tolist(),
sort=True)
if visualizer.__class__.__name__ in params.keys():
visualizer = FeatureCorrelation(
**params[visualizer.__class__.__name__])
visualizer.fit(self.X, y)
visualizer.show(outpath=os.path.join(
os.getcwd(),
f"visualizer/{visualizer.__class__.__name__}.png"))
plt.cla()
except:
LOGGER.warn('ERROR FeatureCorrelation')
def compare_class_balance(path="images/class_balance_compare.png"):
data = load_occupancy()
features = ["temperature", "relative_humidity", "light", "C02", "humidity"]
classes = ['unoccupied', 'occupied']
# Extract the numpy arrays from the data frame
X = data[features]
y = data["occupancy"]
# Create the train and test data
_, _, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2)
# Instantiate the classification model and visualizer
visualizer = ClassBalance(labels=classes)
visualizer.fit(y_train, y_test)
return visualizer.poof(outpath=path)
def compare_class_balance(path="images/class_balance_compare.png"):
data = load_occupancy()
features = ["temperature", "relative_humidity", "light", "C02", "humidity"]
classes = ['unoccupied', 'occupied']
# Extract the numpy arrays from the data frame
X = data[features]
y = data["occupancy"]
# Create the train and test data
_, _, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2)
# Instantiate the classification model and visualizer
visualizer = ClassBalance(labels=classes)
visualizer.fit(y_train, y_test)
return visualizer.poof(outpath=path)
def Imbalance(y):
""" Imabalance between the labels
Parameters
----------
y: vector of labels
Returns
-------
- A plot with the class imbalances for Ebola positive or negative
"""
# Instantiate the visualizer
visualizer = ClassBalance(labels=['Ebola negative', 'Ebola positive'])
visualizer.fit(y) # Fit the data to the visualizer
#visualizer.show('class_balance') # Finalize and render the figure
plt.show()
def Imbalance_out(y):
""" Imabalance between the labels
Parameters
----------
y: vector of labels
Returns
-------
- A plot with the class imbalances for the outcome
"""
# Instantiate the visualizer
visualizer = ClassBalance(labels=['Survival', 'Death'])
visualizer.fit(y) # Fit the data to the visualizer
#visualizer.show('class_balance') # Finalize and render the figure
plt.show()
def balance_yellowbrick(
X,
y,
features,
):
plt.switch_backend('agg')
plt.clf()
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X[features],
y,
stratify=y,
test_size=0.01)
X = pd.DataFrame(X_test, columns=features)
y = pd.Series(y_test)
visualizer = ClassBalance()
visualizer.fit(y)
visualizer.finalize()
return plt
hr = pd.read_csv("F:/COLLEGE/ML Project/Employee Turnover/Turnover.csv")
hr.profile_report(title="Data Report")
pd.crosstab(hr.department, hr.quit).plot(kind='bar')
plt.title("Turnover Frequency on Salary Bracket")
plt.xlabel('Department')
plt.ylabel('Frequency of Turnover')
cat_vars = ['department', 'salary']
for var in cat_vars:
cat_list = pd.get_dummies(hr[var], prefix=var)
hr = hr.join(cat_list)
print(hr.head())
hr.drop(columns=['department', 'salary'], axis=1, inplace=True)
#balance class
visualizer = ClassBalance(labels=['stayed', 'left']).fit(hr.quit)
visualizer.show()
X = hr.loc[:, hr.columns != 'quit']
y = hr.quit
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X,
y,
random_state=0,
test_size=0.2,
stratify=y)
@interact
def plot_tree(crit=['gini', 'entropy'],
split=['best', 'random'],
depth=IntSlider(min=1, max=30, value=2, continuous_update=False),
min_split=IntSlider(min=2,
cat_vars = ['department', 'salary']
for var in cat_vars:
cat_list = pd.get_dummies(hr[var], prefix = var)
hr = hr.join(cat_list)
hr.head()
hr.drop(columns = ['department', 'salary'], axis = 1, inplace = True)
#Task 4: Visualize class imbalance
from yellowbrick.target import ClassBalance
plt.style.use("ggplot")
plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (12,8)
visualizer = ClassBalance(labels = ['stayed','quit']).fit(hr.quit)
visualizer.show()
#Task 5: Create traning and tests sets
X = hr.loc[:, hr.columns != 'quit']
y = hr.quit
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y,random_state = 0, test_size=0.2,stratify=y)
#Task 6 : Build an interactive decision tree classifer
from sklearn import tree
from sklearn.tree import DecisionTreeClassifier
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
def main():
script, fname, model = argcheck()
df = filecheck(fname)
print(df.head(5))
#Data stats
#Printing the number of rows and columns
print(df.info())
print("The number of rows")
print(len(df))
print("The number of columns")
print(len(df.columns))
print("Dataframe shape")
print(df.shape)
#Data preprocessing - step 1(Check for any null - N/A values)
print("\n-------Data Preprocessing - Step 1--------")
print("------------------------------------------")
print("Checking for any N/A values")
print(df.isna().values.any())
#Check for any Null values
print("Checking for any null values")
print(df.isnull().values.any())
#Data Preprocessing - step 2(Addressing class imbalance problem)
print("\n-------Data Preprocessing - Step 2--------")
print("------------------------------------------")
Y = pd.DataFrame(data=df['Activity'])
X = df.drop(['Activity'], axis=1)
print("Before applying SMOTE algorithm")
print("Unique values and count of target column 'Activity -'")
print(df.groupby('Activity').nunique())
unique_labels, frequency = np.unique(Y, return_counts=True)
#Generating class balance chart before applying SMOTE. The chart is generated as 'Class-balance-Before-SMOTE.png' in the 'output directory'
print("The class balance is generated as 'Class-balance-Before-SMOTE.png'")
visualizer1 = ClassBalance(labels=unique_labels, size=(1400, 1000))
visualizer1.fit(Y.values.ravel())
visualizer1.show("output/Class-balance-Before-SMOTE.png")
#Solving the class imbalance problem by oversampling the data
smote = SMOTE(random_state=1)
X_1, Y_1 = smote.fit_resample(X, Y)
print("After applying SMOTE algorithm")
X_1_df = pd.DataFrame(data=X_1, columns=X.columns)
Y_1_df = pd.DataFrame(data=Y_1, columns=Y.columns)
print("The new shape of the X dataframe")
print(X_1_df.shape)
print("The new shape of the Y dataframe")
print(Y_1_df.shape)
unique, frequency = np.unique(Y_1, return_counts=True)
# print unique values array
print("Unique Values of new Y dataframe:", unique)
# print frequency array
print("Frequency Values of new Y dataframe:", frequency)
#Generating class balance chart after applying SMOTE. The chart is generated as 'Class-balance-After-SMOTE.png' in the 'output directory'
print("The class balance is generated as 'Class-balance-After-SMOTE.png'")
visualizer2 = ClassBalance(labels=unique_labels, size=(1400, 1000))
visualizer2.fit(Y_1_df.values.ravel())
visualizer2.show("output/Class-balance-After-SMOTE.png")
#Data Preprocessing - step 3(Label Encoding)
print("\n-------Data Preprocessing - Step 3--------")
print("------------------------------------------")
#Convert the string labels to integers
# 0- 'LAYING'
# 1 - 'SITTING'
# 2 - 'STANDING'
# 3 - 'WALKING'
# 4 - 'WALKING_DOWNSTAIRS'
# 5 - 'WALKING_UPSTAIRS'
label_encoder = preprocessing.LabelEncoder()
Y_1_df['Activity'] = label_encoder.fit_transform(Y_1_df['Activity'])
print("After label encoding, the target values are")
classes = Y_1_df['Activity'].unique()
print(Y_1_df['Activity'])
#Data Preprocessing - step 4(Covariance/Correlation, standardization)
print("\n-------Data Preprocessing - Step 4--------")
print("------------------------------------------")
#Covariance and correlation - Task 1(Preeti)
dfCov = np.cov(X_1_df, Y_1_df, rowvar=False, bias=True)
print(dfCov)
#Calculates Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients
dfCorr = np.corrcoef(X_1_df, Y_1_df, rowvar=False, bias=True)
print("Correlation coefficient obtained : ", dfCorr)
#Data preprocessing - Step 5(Splitting the training and testing dataset) (JunYong or Preeti)
print(
"\n-------Data Preprocessing - Step 5(Splitting into training and testing dataset)--------"
)
print("------------------------------------------")
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X_1_df,
Y_1_df,
random_state=1,
test_size=0.2)
#Data preprocessing - Step 6(Standardize the dataset)
print("\n-------Data Preprocessing - Step 6--------")
print("------------------------------------------")
sc_X = preprocessing.StandardScaler()
X_trainscaled = sc_X.fit_transform(X_train)
X_testscaled = sc_X.transform(X_test)
print("Mean of the standardized training set : ",
X_trainscaled.mean(axis=0))
print("std of the standardized training set : ", X_trainscaled.std(axis=0))
print("Mean of the standardized test set : ", X_testscaled.mean(axis=0))
print("std of the standardized test set : ", X_testscaled.std(axis=0))
# Execute different model module based on input from user
if model == 'decisiontree':
decisiontree.decisionTreeTest(X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test,
classes, X_1_df, Y_1_df)
elif model == 'svm':
svm.svmLinearTest(X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test, classes, X_1_df,
Y_1_df)
elif model == 'svmnonlinear':
svmnonlinear.svmNonLinearTest(X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test, X_1_df,
Y_1_df)
elif model == 'naivebayes':
naiveBayes.naiveBayesClassifierTest(X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test,
X_1_df, Y_1_df)
elif model == 'logisticregression':
logisticregression.logisticRegressionTest(X_train, X_test, y_train,
y_test, X_1_df, Y_1_df)
elif model == 'knn':
knn.knnTest(X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test, X_1_df, Y_1_df)
elif model == 'bagging':
bagging.baggingTest(X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test, X_1_df, Y_1_df)
elif model == 'adaboost':
adaboost.adaboostTest(X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test, X_1_df, Y_1_df)
elif model == 'randomforest':
randomforest.randomForestTest(X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test, X_1_df,
Y_1_df)
elif model == 'ensemblevote':
ensemble.ensembleClassifier(X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test, X_1_df,
Y_1_df)
else:
print("please enter the correct classifier name")
sys.exit()
# =============================================================================
#morg_2_train_strs_broken
#morg_2_test_strs_broken
#activ_inact_train
#activ_inact_test
frames = [morg_2_train_strs_broken, activ_inact_train]
import pandas as pd
dfrad = pd.concat(frames, axis=1)
dfrad = dfrad.dropna()
#dfrad.iloc[:,[2048]]
#dfrad.iloc[:,:100]
#CLASS BALANCE - No balanced
from yellowbrick.target import ClassBalance
visCB = ClassBalance(labels=[1, 0])
visCB.fit(dfrad['activities']) #Fit the data to the visualizer
visCB.show() #Finalize and render the figure
#RANK 2D "Pearson correlation" -No balanced
from yellowbrick.features import Rank2D
visualizer = Rank2D(algorithm='pearson')
visualizer.fit(dfrad.iloc[:, :50],
dfrad['activities']) # Fit the data to the visualizer
visualizer.transform(dfrad.iloc[:, :50]) # Transform the data
visualizer.show() # Finalize and render the figure
#MANIFOLD - No balanced
from yellowbrick.features import Manifold
classes = [1, 0]
from sklearn import preprocessing
def visualizeClassImbalance(labels_train, lables_test=None):
visualizer = ClassBalance(labels=["boring", "interesting"])
visualizer.fit(labels_train, lables_test)
visualizer.poof()
def draw_class_balance(self):
visualizer = ClassBalance(labels=self.le.classes_)
visualizer.fit(self.training_labels)
visualizer.poof()
y = df['eventdeath']
display(X.shape)
display(y.shape)
#%%
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from yellowbrick.target import ClassBalance
_, y_counts = np.unique(y, return_counts=True)
class_labels = ["survived", "deceased"]
fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(9,4.5))
ax1.pie(y_counts, explode=(0, 0.05), labels = class_labels)
visualizer = ClassBalance(labels = class_labels, ax = ax2)
visualizer.fit(y)
visualizer.finalize()
plt.show()
#%%
print("Number of missing values:", X.isna().sum().sum())
#%%
X["timerecurrence"].describe()
#%%
# for column in X.columns[2:16]:
# plt.scatter(X[column], y)
# plt.xlabel(column)
# %%
pd.crosstab(hr.salary,hr.quit).plot(kind='bar')
plt.title('TurnOver Frequency on Salary Bracket')
plt.xlabel('Salary')
plt.ylabel('Frequency of TurnOver')
plt.show()
# %%
pd.crosstab(hr.department,hr.quit).plot(kind='bar')
plt.title('TurnOver Frequency for Department')
plt.xlabel('Department')
plt.ylabel('Frequency of TurnOver')
plt.show()
# %%
hr.drop(columns=['department','salary'],axis=1,inplace=True)
# %%
visualizer = ClassBalance(labels=['stayed','quit'])
visualizer.fit(hr.quit)
visualizer.show()
# %%
X = hr.loc[:,hr.columns!='quit']
y = hr.quit
X_train,X_test,y_train,y_test = train_test_split(X,y,test_size=0.2,random_state=0,stratify=y)
# %%
@interact
def plot_tree(crit=['gini','entropy'],
split=['best','random'],
depth = IntSlider(min=1,max=30,value=2,continous_update=False),
min_split=IntSlider(min=2,max=5,value=2,continous_update=False),
min_leaf=IntSlider(min=1,max=5,value=1,continous_update=False)):
estimator = DecisionTreeClassifier(random_state=0,criterion=crit,splitter=split,max_depth=depth,min_samples_split=min_split,min_samples_leaf=min_leaf)
estimator.fit(X_train,y_train)
# código pronto y_top25 = top_p(test_y) y_top25.mean() # In[69]: # código pronto from yellowbrick.target import ClassBalance visualizer = ClassBalance(labels=["75%", "25%"]) visualizer.fit(y_top25) visualizer.show() # ## Para saber mais: agrupando # # O `yellowbrick` possui uma função para visualizar possíveis binnings. O código a seguir mostra 4 sugestões de pontos para agrupamento. Não usaremos a sugestão do yellowbrick pois no nosso caso o cliente já definiu que queria os X% do topo. # In[70]: # código pronto from yellowbrick.target import BalancedBinningReference
#
# ### Task 4: Visualize Class Imbalance
# ---
# In[16]:
from yellowbrick.target import ClassBalance # machine learning diagnostic library
plt.style.use("ggplot")
plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (12, 8)
# In[17]:
# SHOW THE TARGET VARIABLES IN 1 AND 0 IN THE FORM OF STAYED OR QUIT
visualizer = ClassBalance(labels=['stayed', 'quit']).fit(
data.quit) # fit(target_variable)
visualizer.show()
# ### Task 5: Create Training and Test Sets
# ---
# In[18]:
x = data.loc[:, data.columns != 'quit']
y = data.quit
# In[19]:
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
# since the dataset is unbalanced, lets stratify the target variables
def class_balance(classes, y):
from yellowbrick.target import ClassBalance
visualizer = ClassBalance(labels=classes)
visualizer.fit(y)
visualizer.poof()
def describe(
context: MLClientCtx,
table: Union[DataItem, str],
label_column: str,
class_labels: List[str],
key: str = "table-summary",
) -> None:
"""Summarize a table
TODO: merge with dask version
:param context: the function context
:param table: pandas dataframe
:param key: key of table summary in artifact store
"""
_gcf_clear(plt)
base_path = context.artifact_path
os.makedirs(base_path, exist_ok=True)
os.makedirs(base_path + "/plots", exist_ok=True)
print(f'TABLE {table}')
table = pd.read_parquet(str(table))
header = table.columns.values
# describe table
sumtbl = table.describe()
sumtbl = sumtbl.append(len(table.index) - table.count(), ignore_index=True)
sumtbl.insert(
0, "metric",
["count", "mean", "std", "min", "25%", "50%", "75%", "max", "nans"])
sumtbl.to_csv(os.path.join(base_path, key + ".csv"), index=False)
context.log_artifact(key, local_path=key + ".csv")
# plot class balance, record relative class weight
_gcf_clear(plt)
labels = table.pop(label_column)
class_balance_model = ClassBalance(labels=class_labels)
class_balance_model.fit(labels)
scale_pos_weight = class_balance_model.support_[
0] / class_balance_model.support_[1]
#context.log_artifact("scale_pos_weight", f"{scale_pos_weight:0.2f}")
context.log_artifact("scale_pos_weight", str(scale_pos_weight))
class_balance_model.show(
outpath=os.path.join(base_path, "plots/imbalance.png"))
context.log_artifact(PlotArtifact("imbalance", body=plt.gcf()),
local_path="plots/imbalance.html")
# plot feature correlation
_gcf_clear(plt)
tblcorr = table.corr()
ax = plt.axes()
sns.heatmap(tblcorr, ax=ax, annot=False, cmap=plt.cm.Reds)
ax.set_title("features correlation")
plt.savefig(os.path.join(base_path, "plots/corr.png"))
context.log_artifact(PlotArtifact("correlation", body=plt.gcf()),
local_path="plots/corr.html")
# plot histogram
_gcf_clear(plt)
"""
if (ngram.isupper()):
bs[index] = features
else:
o[(index * n_ngrams) + i] = features
bs = bs[~np.all(bs == 0, axis=1)]
o = o[~np.all(o == 0, axis=1)]
binding_sites = bs
other = o
binding_sites_labels = np.ones(binding_sites.shape[0], dtype=np.uint8)
other_labels = np.zeros(other.shape[0], dtype=np.uint8)
X = np.concatenate((binding_sites, other))
y = np.concatenate((binding_sites_labels, other_labels))
# %%
visualizer = ClassBalance(labels=class_names)
visualizer.fit(y)
visualizer.poof()
# %%
visualizer = ParallelCoordinates()
visualizer.fit_transform(X, y)
visualizer.poof()
# %%
visualizer = Rank1D()
visualizer.fit(X, y)
visualizer.transform(X)
visualizer.poof()
# %%
import pandas as pd
import datetime
from yellowbrick.target import ClassBalance
print(datetime.datetime.now())
path = 'data/cleaned_data.csv'
pathr = 'data/resampled.csv'
pathr2 = 'data/resampled_borderline.csv'
pathr3 = 'data/resampled_adasyn.csv'
pathr4 = 'data/resampled_tomek.csv'
randomState = 42
classLabels = ['Not Bankrupt', 'Bankrupt']
df = pd.read_csv(pathr4, index_col=0)
print('Import done.')
# Extract labels from features
y = df['BK']
X = df.drop('BK', axis=1)
# Instantiate Visualizer
viz = ClassBalance(labels=classLabels)
viz.fit(y)
viz.show()
print(viz.support_)
#Task 3: Encode Categorical Features
cat_vars = ['department', 'salary']
for var in cat_vars:
cat_list = pd.get_dummies(hr[var], prefix=var)
hr = hr.join(cat_list)
hr.head()
hr.drop(columns=['department', 'salary'], axis=1, inplace=True)
hr.head()
#Task 4: Visualize Class Imbalance
from yellowbrick.target import ClassBalance
plt.style.use("ggplot")
plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (12, 8)
visualizer = ClassBalance(label=['satyed', 'quit']).fit(hr.quit)
visualizer.show()
#Task 5: Create Training and Test Sets
X = hr.loc[:, hr.columns != 'quit']
y = hr.quit
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split as tts
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = tts(X, Y, stratify=Y)
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X,
y,
random_state=0,
test_size=0.2,
stratify=y)
df.head()
df.drop(columns=['department', 'salary'], axis=1, inplace=True)
df.head()
"""### Now, it's really important to check for Class Imbalance in our dataset here
### Visualize Class Imbalance
---
"""
from yellowbrick.target import ClassBalance
plt.style.use("ggplot")
plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (12,8)
visualizer = ClassBalance(labels=["stayed", "quit"])
visualizer.fit(df.quit)
"""### Create Training and Test Sets
---
"""
x = df.loc[:,df.columns != 'quit']
y = df.quit
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(x, y, random_state =0, test_size=0.2, stratify=y)
"""### Building an Interactive Decision Tree Classifier
---
df.head()
# Dropping categorical variables
df.drop(columns=['department','salary'], axis=1, inplace=True)
"""# Step 4: Visualize Class Imbalance
---
"""
from yellowbrick.target import ClassBalance
plt.style.use("ggplot")
plt.rcParams['figure.figsize'] = (12,8)
visualizer = ClassBalance(labels=["stayed", "quit"])
visualizer.fit(df.quit)
"""# Step 5: Create Training and Test Sets
---
"""
X = df.loc[:, df.columns != 'quit']
y = df.quit
from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size=0.2, random_state=0,
stratify=y)
"""# Step 6: Classification using Decision Tree Classifier
top_10 = top_p(pd.Series([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]), p=0.90).values
if not np.array_equal(top_10, [0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1]):
print("Não retornou o top 10% corretamente, deveria ser", top_10)
# código pronto
y_top25 = top_p(test_y)
y_top25.mean()
# código pronto
from yellowbrick.target import ClassBalance
visualizer = ClassBalance(labels=["75get_ipython().run_line_magic("",", " \"25%\"])")
visualizer.fit(y_top25)
visualizer.poof()
# código pronto
from yellowbrick.target import BalancedBinningReference
visualizer = BalancedBinningReference()
visualizer.fit(train_y)
visualizer.poof()
# código pronto
from sklearn.dummy import DummyClassifier