def test_batching_wave_functions_and_parameters():
N = 3
d = 13
qc = QuantumCircuit(N, [RX(wires=[
0,
]), RX(wires=[
1,
])],
batch_params=True,
device="CPU")
psi = tf.placeholder(dtype=tf.complex64,
shape=(None, *[2 for _ in range(N)]))
theta = tf.convert_to_tensor([np.pi, np.pi])
with pytest.raises(
AssertionError,
match=
"expected tensor with 3 dimensions, received tensor with shape"):
qc.set_parameters(theta)
qc.set_parameters(tf.reshape(theta, (1, 2, 1)))
with pytest.raises(
AssertionError,
match=
"We cannot have a batch of wave functions and a batch of parameters at the same time"
):
qc.circuit(psi)
def test_batch_params_batch_dim():
N = 3
qc = QuantumCircuit(N, [RX(wires=[
0,
]), RX(wires=[
1,
])],
batch_params=True)
with pytest.raises(
AssertionError,
match="batch_params=True, but no external input provided."):
qc.circuit(qc.phi)
def test_batch_params_argument():
N = 3
theta = tf.placeholder(dtype=tf.float32, shape=(None, 2, 1))
qc = QuantumCircuit(N, [RX(wires=[
0,
]), RX(wires=[
1,
])])
with pytest.raises(
AssertionError,
match=
" pass the batch_params=True argument to the QuantumCircuit class to enable batches of parameters."
):
qc.set_parameters(theta)
qc.circuit(qc.phi)
def test_batching_works_correctly():
N = 2
qc = QuantumCircuit(N, [Hadamard(wires=[
0,
]), Hadamard(wires=[
1,
])],
device="CPU")
obs = [Observable("x", wires=[
0,
]), Observable("x", wires=[
1,
])]
phi = tf.placeholder(dtype=tf.complex64,
shape=(None, *[2 for _ in range(N)]))
expval_layer = ExpectationValue(obs)
phi_batch = qc.circuit(phi)
expvals = expval_layer(phi_batch)
# four basis states
states = np.eye(int(2**N))
qc.initialize()
out_batch = qc._sess.run(
[expvals], feed_dict={phi: states.reshape(-1,
*[2 for _ in range(N)])})[0]
out_batch = out_batch.reshape((-1, ))
assert np.allclose(out_batch, np.array([1, 1, 1, -1, -1, 1, -1, -1]))
def test_phase():
dev = qml.device("default.qubit", analytic=True, wires=1)
theta = 0.2
@qml.qnode(dev)
def circuit():
qml.PhaseShift(theta, wires=[
0,
])
return (qml.expval(qml.PauliX(0)))
qc = QuantumCircuit(2, [
Phase(wires=[
0,
], value=[
theta,
]),
],
device="CPU")
obs = [Observable("x", wires=[
0,
])]
phi = qc.circuit(qc.phi)
expval_layer = ExpectationValue(obs)
qc.initialize()
qc_tf = qc._sess.run(expval_layer(phi))
qc_tf = qc_tf.flatten()
qc_pl = circuit()
assert all(np.isclose(qc_pl, qc_tf))
def sampling_double_qubit():
qc = QuantumCircuit(2, [Hadamard(wires=[
0,
]), Hadamard(wires=[
1,
])],
device='CPU')
obs = [
Observable("x", wires=[
0,
]),
Observable("z", wires=[
0,
]),
Observable("x", wires=[
1,
]),
Observable("z", wires=[
1,
])
]
phi = qc.circuit(qc.phi)
qc.initialize()
expval_layer = SampleExpectationValue(obs, number_of_samples=200)
expvals = qc._sess.run(expval_layer(phi))
print(expvals.shape)
for e in expvals:
print(e)
def test_toffoli():
dev = qml.device("default.qubit", analytic=True, wires=3)
@qml.qnode(dev)
def circuitx():
qml.Hadamard(wires=0)
qml.Hadamard(wires=1)
qml.Hadamard(wires=2)
qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 1, 2])
return qml.expval(qml.PauliX(2))
@qml.qnode(dev)
def circuity():
qml.Hadamard(wires=0)
qml.Hadamard(wires=1)
qml.Hadamard(wires=2)
qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 1, 2])
return qml.expval(qml.PauliY(2))
@qml.qnode(dev)
def circuitz():
qml.Hadamard(wires=0)
qml.Hadamard(wires=1)
qml.Hadamard(wires=2)
qml.Toffoli(wires=[0, 1, 2])
return qml.expval(qml.PauliZ(2))
qc_pl = np.array([circuitx(), circuity(), circuitz()])
qc = QuantumCircuit(3, [
Hadamard(wires=[
0,
]),
Hadamard(wires=[
1,
]),
Hadamard(wires=[
2,
]),
Toffoli(wires=[0, 2, 1])
],
device="CPU")
obs = [
Observable("x", wires=[
2,
]),
Observable("y", wires=[
2,
]),
Observable("z", wires=[
2,
])
]
phi = qc.circuit(qc.phi)
expval_layer = ExpectationValue(obs)
qc.initialize()
qc_tf = qc._sess.run(expval_layer(phi))
qc_tf = qc_tf.flatten()
assert all(np.isclose(qc_pl, qc_tf))
def test_batching_wave_functions():
N = 3
d = 13
qc = QuantumCircuit(N, [Hadamard(wires=[
0,
]), Hadamard(wires=[
1,
])],
device="CPU")
psi = tf.placeholder(dtype=tf.complex64,
shape=(None, *[2 for _ in range(N)]))
phi_dim_1 = qc.circuit(qc.phi)
phi_batch = qc.circuit(psi)
qc.initialize()
phi_feed = np.zeros([2 for _ in range(N)])
phi_feed[0, ] = 1
phi_feed = np.stack([phi_feed for _ in range(d)]).astype(np.complex64)
out_1, out_batch = qc._sess.run([phi_dim_1, phi_batch],
feed_dict={psi: phi_feed})
def test_batching_learning_observables():
N = 3
d = 13
qc = QuantumCircuit(N, [Hadamard(wires=[
0,
]), Hadamard(wires=[
1,
])],
device="CPU")
psi = tf.placeholder(dtype=tf.complex64,
shape=(None, *[2 for _ in range(N)]))
phi_dim_1 = qc.circuit(qc.phi)
phi_batch = qc.circuit(psi)
qc.initialize()
obs = [
Observable("x", wires=[
0,
]),
Observable("x", wires=[
1,
]),
Observable("x", wires=[
2,
]),
Observable("y", wires=[
0,
]),
Observable("y", wires=[
1,
]),
Observable("y", wires=[
2,
])
]
expval_layer = ExpectationValue(obs)
phi_feed = np.zeros([2 for _ in range(N)])
phi_feed[0, ] = 1
phi_feed = np.stack([phi_feed for _ in range(d)]).astype(np.complex64)
out_1, out_batch = qc._sess.run(
[expval_layer(phi_dim_1),
expval_layer(phi_batch)],
feed_dict={psi: phi_feed})
def test_rotations_and_cnot():
dev = qml.device("default.qubit", analytic=True, wires=2)
theta = 0.1
phi = 0.2
@qml.qnode(dev)
def circuitx():
qml.RX(theta, wires=0)
qml.RY(phi, wires=1)
qml.CNOT(wires=[1, 0])
return qml.expval(qml.PauliX(0))
@qml.qnode(dev)
def circuity():
qml.RX(theta, wires=0)
qml.RY(phi, wires=1)
qml.CNOT(wires=[1, 0])
return qml.expval(qml.PauliY(0))
@qml.qnode(dev)
def circuitz():
qml.RX(theta, wires=0)
qml.RY(phi, wires=1)
qml.CNOT(wires=[1, 0])
return qml.expval(qml.PauliZ(0))
qc_pl = np.array([circuitx(), circuity(), circuitz()])
qc = QuantumCircuit(2, [
RX(wires=[
0,
], value=[theta]),
RY(wires=[
1,
], value=[phi]),
CNOT(wires=[1, 0])
],
device="CPU")
obs = [
Observable("x", wires=[
0,
]),
Observable("y", wires=[
0,
]),
Observable("z", wires=[
0,
])
]
phi = qc.circuit(qc.phi)
expval_layer = ExpectationValue(obs)
qc.initialize()
qc_tf = qc._sess.run(expval_layer(phi))
qc_tf = qc_tf.flatten()
assert all(np.isclose(qc_pl, qc_tf))
def sampling_single_qubit():
qc = QuantumCircuit(1, [Hadamard(wires=[
0,
])], device='CPU')
obs = [Observable("x", wires=[
0,
]), Observable("z", wires=[
0,
])]
phi = qc.circuit(qc.phi)
expval_layer = SampleExpectationValue(obs)
qc.initialize()
expvals = qc._sess.run(expval_layer(phi))
print(expvals)
def test_tutorial_1():
gates = [Hadamard(wires=[
0,
]), PauliZ(wires=[
0,
])]
qc = QuantumCircuit(nqubits=1, gates=gates, device="CPU")
qc.initialize()
phi = qc.circuit(qc.phi)
qc_tf = qc._sess.run(phi)
obs = [Observable("x", wires=[
0,
])]
expval_layer = ExpectationValue(obs)
measurements = qc._sess.run(expval_layer(phi))
def test_tutorial_2():
gates = [
Hadamard(wires=[
0,
]),
Phase(wires=[
0,
], value=[np.pi / 8]),
Hadamard(wires=[
1,
]),
Phase(wires=[
1,
], value=[np.pi / 8]),
CNOT(wires=[0, 1])
]
qc = QuantumCircuit(nqubits=2, gates=gates, tensorboard=True, device="CPU")
phi = qc.circuit(qc.phi)
qc.circuit.summary()
obs = [
Observable("X", wires=[
0,
]),
Observable("x", wires=[
1,
]),
Observable("y", wires=[
0,
]),
Observable("y", wires=[
1,
]),
Observable("z", wires=[
0,
]),
Observable("z", wires=[
1,
])
]
expval_layer = ExpectationValue(obs)
qc.initialize()
measurements = qc._sess.run(expval_layer(phi))
def test_hybrid_neural_network_gradient_tracking():
N = 2
gates = [RX(wires=[
0,
]), RX(wires=[
1,
])]
qc = QuantumCircuit(N, gates=gates, tensorboard=True, device="CPU")
# Make a neural network
NN = tf.keras.Sequential([
tf.keras.layers.Dense(qc.nparams * 10,
activation=tf.keras.activations.tanh),
tf.keras.layers.Dense(2, activation=tf.keras.activations.tanh),
tf.keras.layers.Lambda(lambda x: x * 2 * np.pi)
])
x_in = tf.ones((qc.nparams, 1)) * 0.01
theta = NN(x_in)
theta = tf.reduce_mean(theta, axis=0)
theta = tf.reshape(theta, (1, -1, 1))
qc.set_parameters(theta)
phi = qc.circuit(qc.phi)
obs = Observable("x", wires=[
0,
]), Observable("x", wires=[
1,
]), Observable("z", wires=[
1,
])
expval_layer = ExpectationValue(obs)
expvals = expval_layer(phi)
# Get energy for each timstep
energy = tf.reduce_sum(expvals)
opt = tf.compat.v1.train.AdamOptimizer(0.0001)
grads = opt.compute_gradients(energy)
qc.initialize()
g = qc._sess.run(grads)
def test_pauli_x():
dev = qml.device("default.qubit", analytic=True, wires=1)
@qml.qnode(dev)
def circuitx():
qml.PauliX(wires=0)
return qml.expval(qml.PauliX(0))
@qml.qnode(dev)
def circuity():
qml.PauliX(wires=0)
return qml.expval(qml.PauliY(0))
@qml.qnode(dev)
def circuitz():
qml.PauliX(wires=0)
return qml.expval(qml.PauliZ(0))
qc_pl = np.array([circuitx(), circuity(), circuitz()])
qc = QuantumCircuit(1, [PauliX(wires=[
0,
])], device="CPU")
obs = [
Observable("x", wires=[
0,
]),
Observable("y", wires=[
0,
]),
Observable("z", wires=[
0,
])
]
phi = qc.circuit(qc.phi)
expval_layer = ExpectationValue(obs)
qc.initialize()
qc_tf = qc._sess.run(expval_layer(phi))
qc_tf = qc_tf.flatten()
assert all(np.isclose(qc_pl, qc_tf))
def test_swap():
dev = qml.device("default.qubit", analytic=True, wires=2)
theta = 0.2
phi = 0.2
delta = 0.2
@qml.qnode(dev)
def circuit():
qml.Rot(theta, phi, delta, wires=0)
qml.Rot(theta, phi, delta, wires=1)
qml.SWAP(wires=[0, 1])
return (
qml.expval(qml.PauliX(0)),
qml.expval(qml.PauliX(1)),
)
qc = QuantumCircuit(2, [
R3(wires=[
0,
], value=[theta, phi, delta]),
R3(wires=[
1,
], value=[theta, phi, delta]),
Swap(wires=[0, 1])
],
device="CPU")
obs = [Observable("x", wires=[
0,
]), Observable("x", wires=[
1,
])]
psi = qc.circuit(qc.phi)
expval_layer = ExpectationValue(obs)
qc.initialize()
qc_tf = qc._sess.run(expval_layer(psi))
qc_tf = qc_tf.flatten()
qc_pl = circuit()
assert all(np.isclose(qc_pl, qc_tf))
def test_multiple_thetas():
N = 3
d = 13
theta = tf.placeholder(dtype=tf.float32, shape=(None, 2, 1))
qc = QuantumCircuit(N, [RX(wires=[
0,
]), RX(wires=[
1,
])],
batch_params=True,
device="CPU")
qc.set_parameters(theta)
phi_dim_1 = qc.circuit(qc.phi)
obs = [
Observable("x", wires=[
0,
]),
Observable("x", wires=[
1,
]),
Observable("x", wires=[
2,
]),
Observable("y", wires=[
0,
]),
Observable("y", wires=[
1,
]),
Observable("y", wires=[
2,
])
]
expval_layer = ExpectationValue(obs)
expvals_dim_1 = expval_layer(phi_dim_1)
qc.initialize()
qc._sess.run([expvals_dim_1], feed_dict={theta: np.random.randn(d, 2, 1)})
def test_same_wire_gates():
qc = QuantumCircuit(2, [RX(wires=[
0,
]) for i in range(10)], device="CPU")
qc.initialize()
qc.circuit(qc.phi)