def test_batch_validation() -> None:
ms: List[String] = []
Qs: List[int] = []
sigs: List[ssa.SSASig] = []
err_msg = "no signatures provided"
with pytest.raises(BTClibValueError, match=err_msg):
ssa.assert_batch_as_valid(ms, Qs, sigs)
assert not ssa.batch_verify(ms, Qs, sigs)
# valid size for String input to sign, not for Octets input to _sign
msg_size = 16
ms.append(secrets.token_bytes(msg_size))
q, Q = ssa.gen_keys()
Qs.append(Q)
sigs.append(ssa.sign(ms[0], q))
# test with only 1 sig
ssa.assert_batch_as_valid(ms, Qs, sigs)
assert ssa.batch_verify(ms, Qs, sigs)
for _ in range(3):
m = secrets.token_bytes(msg_size)
ms.append(m)
q, Q = ssa.gen_keys()
Qs.append(Q)
sigs.append(ssa.sign(m, q))
ssa.assert_batch_as_valid(ms, Qs, sigs)
assert ssa.batch_verify(ms, Qs, sigs)
ms.append(ms[0])
sigs.append(sigs[1])
Qs.append(Qs[0])
err_msg = "signature verification failed"
with pytest.raises(BTClibRuntimeError, match=err_msg):
ssa.assert_batch_as_valid(ms, Qs, sigs)
assert not ssa.batch_verify(ms, Qs, sigs)
sigs[-1] = sigs[0] # valid again
ms.append(ms[0]) # add extra message
err_msg = "mismatch between number of pubkeys "
with pytest.raises(BTClibValueError, match=err_msg):
ssa.assert_batch_as_valid(ms, Qs, sigs)
assert not ssa.batch_verify(ms, Qs, sigs)
ms.pop() # valid again
sigs.append(sigs[0]) # add extra sig
err_msg = "mismatch between number of pubkeys "
with pytest.raises(BTClibValueError, match=err_msg):
ssa.assert_batch_as_valid(ms, Qs, sigs)
assert not ssa.batch_verify(ms, Qs, sigs)
sigs.pop() # valid again
ms = [reduce_to_hlen(m, hf) for m in ms]
ms[0] = ms[0][:-1]
err_msg = "invalid size: 31 bytes instead of 32"
with pytest.raises(BTClibValueError, match=err_msg):
ssa._assert_batch_as_valid(ms, Qs, sigs)
assert not ssa._batch_verify(ms, Qs, sigs)
def test_crack_prvkey() -> None:
ec = CURVES["secp256k1"]
q, x_Q = ssa.gen_keys()
msg1 = "Paolo is afraid of ephemeral random numbers"
m_1 = reduce_to_hlen(msg1)
k = ssa._det_nonce(m_1, q)
sig1 = ssa._sign(m_1, q, k)
msg2 = "and Paolo is right to be afraid"
m_2 = reduce_to_hlen(msg2)
# reuse same k
sig2 = ssa._sign(m_2, q, k)
qc, kc = ssa.crack_prvkey(msg1, sig1, msg2, sig2, x_Q)
assert q == qc
assert k in (kc, ec.n - kc)
with pytest.raises(BTClibValueError, match="not the same r in signatures"):
ssa._crack_prvkey(m_1, sig1, m_2, (16, sig1[1]), x_Q)
with pytest.raises(BTClibValueError, match="identical signatures"):
ssa._crack_prvkey(m_1, sig1, m_1, sig1, x_Q)
def test_bip340_vectors(self):
"""BIP340 (Schnorr) test vectors
https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0340/test-vectors.csv
"""
fname = "bip340_test_vectors.csv"
filename = path.join(path.dirname(__file__), "test_data", fname)
with open(filename, newline='') as csvfile:
reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
# skip column headers while checking that there are 7 columns
_, _, _, _, _, _, _ = reader.__next__()
for row in reader:
(index, seckey, pubkey, mhd, sig, result, comment) = row
errmsg = f"Test vector #{int(index)}"
if seckey != '':
seckey = bytes.fromhex(seckey)
_, pubkey_actual = ssa.gen_keys(seckey)
self.assertEqual(pubkey,
hex(pubkey_actual).upper()[2:], errmsg)
sig_actual = ssa.serialize(*ssa.sign(mhd, seckey))
self.assertEqual(sig, sig_actual.hex().upper(), errmsg)
result = result == 'TRUE'
if comment:
errmsg += ": " + comment
result_actual = ssa.verify(mhd, pubkey, sig)
self.assertEqual(result, result_actual, errmsg)
def test_point_from_bip340pubkey() -> None:
q, x_Q = ssa.gen_keys()
Q = mult(q)
# Integer (int)
assert ssa.point_from_bip340pubkey(x_Q) == Q
# Integer (bytes)
assert ssa.point_from_bip340pubkey(x_Q.to_bytes(32, byteorder="big")) == Q
# Integer (hex-str)
assert ssa.point_from_bip340pubkey(
x_Q.to_bytes(32, byteorder="big").hex()) == Q
# tuple Point
assert ssa.point_from_bip340pubkey(Q) == Q
# 33 bytes
assert ssa.point_from_bip340pubkey(bytes_from_point(Q)) == Q
# 33 bytes hex-string
assert ssa.point_from_bip340pubkey(bytes_from_point(Q).hex()) == Q
# 65 bytes
assert ssa.point_from_bip340pubkey(bytes_from_point(Q,
compressed=False)) == Q
# 65 bytes hex-string
assert ssa.point_from_bip340pubkey(
bytes_from_point(Q, compressed=False).hex()) == Q
xpub_data = BIP32KeyData.deserialize(
"xpub6H1LXWLaKsWFhvm6RVpEL9P4KfRZSW7abD2ttkWP3SSQvnyA8FSVqNTEcYFgJS2UaFcxupHiYkro49S8yGasTvXEYBVPamhGW6cFJodrTHy"
)
xpub_data.key = bytes_from_point(Q)
# BIP32KeyData
assert ssa.point_from_bip340pubkey(xpub_data) == Q
# BIP32Key encoded str
xpub = xpub_data.serialize()
assert ssa.point_from_bip340pubkey(xpub) == Q
# BIP32Key str
assert ssa.point_from_bip340pubkey(xpub.decode("ascii")) == Q
def test_bip340_vectors() -> None:
"""BIP340 (Schnorr) test vectors.
https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0340/test-vectors.csv
"""
fname = "bip340_test_vectors.csv"
filename = path.join(path.dirname(__file__), "test_data", fname)
with open(filename, newline="") as csvfile:
reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
# skip column headers while checking that there are 7 columns
_, _, _, _, _, _, _ = reader.__next__()
for row in reader:
(index, seckey, pubkey, m, sig, result, comment) = row
err_msg = f"Test vector #{int(index)}"
if seckey != "":
_, pubkey_actual = ssa.gen_keys(seckey)
assert pubkey == hex(pubkey_actual).upper()[2:], err_msg
sig_actual = ssa.serialize(*ssa._sign(m, seckey))
assert sig == sig_actual.hex().upper(), err_msg
if comment:
err_msg += ": " + comment
# TODO what's worng with xor-ing ?
# assert (result == "TRUE") ^ ssa._verify(m, pubkey, sig), err_msg
if result == "TRUE":
assert ssa._verify(m, pubkey, sig), err_msg
else:
assert not ssa._verify(m, pubkey, sig), err_msg
def test_point_from_bip340pubkey() -> None:
q, x_Q = ssa.gen_keys()
P = mult(q)
# Integer (int)
assert ssa.point_from_bip340pubkey(x_Q) == P
# Integer (bytes)
assert ssa.point_from_bip340pubkey(x_Q.to_bytes(32, byteorder="big")) == P
# Integer (hex-str)
assert ssa.point_from_bip340pubkey(
x_Q.to_bytes(32, byteorder="big").hex()) == P
# tuple Point
assert ssa.point_from_bip340pubkey(P) == P
# 33 bytes
assert ssa.point_from_bip340pubkey(bytes_from_point(P)) == P
# 33 bytes hex-string
assert ssa.point_from_bip340pubkey(bytes_from_point(P).hex()) == P
# 65 bytes
assert ssa.point_from_bip340pubkey(bytes_from_point(P,
compressed=False)) == P
# 65 bytes hex-string
assert ssa.point_from_bip340pubkey(
bytes_from_point(P, compressed=False).hex()) == P
xpub_dict = bip32.deserialize(
"xpub6H1LXWLaKsWFhvm6RVpEL9P4KfRZSW7abD2ttkWP3SSQvnyA8FSVqNTEcYFgJS2UaFcxupHiYkro49S8yGasTvXEYBVPamhGW6cFJodrTHy"
)
xpub_dict["key"] = bytes_from_point(P)
# BIP32KeyDict
assert ssa.point_from_bip340pubkey(xpub_dict) == P
# BIP32Key encoded str
xpub = bip32.serialize(xpub_dict)
assert ssa.point_from_bip340pubkey(xpub) == P
# BIP32Key str
assert ssa.point_from_bip340pubkey(xpub.decode()) == P
def test_signature(self):
"""Basic tests"""
q, x_Q = ssa.gen_keys()
mhd = hf(b'Satoshi Nakamoto').digest()
sig = ssa.sign(mhd, q, None)
self.assertEqual(sig, ssa.deserialize(sig))
ssa._verify(mhd, x_Q, sig, ec, hf)
self.assertTrue(ssa.verify(mhd, x_Q, sig))
fmhd = hf(b'Craig Wright').digest()
self.assertRaises(AssertionError, ssa._verify, fmhd, x_Q, sig, ec, hf)
fssasig = (sig[0], sig[1], sig[1])
self.assertRaises(ValueError, ssa._verify, mhd, x_Q, fssasig, ec, hf)
# y(sG - eP) is not a quadratic residue
_, fQ = ssa.gen_keys(0x2)
self.assertRaises(AssertionError, ssa._verify, mhd, fQ, sig, ec, hf)
_, fQ = ssa.gen_keys(0x4)
self.assertRaises(AssertionError, ssa._verify, mhd, fQ, sig, ec, hf)
# not ec.pIsThreeModFour
self.assertRaises(ValueError, ssa._verify, mhd, x_Q, sig, secp224k1,
hf)
# verify: message of wrong size
wrongmhd = mhd[:-1]
self.assertRaises(ValueError, ssa._verify, wrongmhd, x_Q, sig, ec, hf)
# ssa._verify(wrongmhd, x_Q, sig)
# sign: message of wrong size
self.assertRaises(ValueError, ssa.sign, wrongmhd, q, None)
# ssa.sign(wrongmhd, q, None)
# invalid (zero) challenge e
self.assertRaises(ValueError, ssa._recover_pubkeys, 0, sig[0], sig[1],
ec)
# ssa._recover_pubkeys(0, sig)
# not a BIP340 public key
self.assertRaises(ValueError, ssa._to_bip340_point,
["not", "a BIP340", "public key"])
def test_sign_to_contract_ssa() -> None:
m = sha256(b"to be signed").digest()
c = sha256(b"to be committed").digest()
prvkey, pub = ssa.gen_keys()
ssa_sig, ssa_receipt = ecssa_commit_sign(c, m, prvkey)
ssa._assert_as_valid(m, pub, ssa_sig, ec, sha256)
assert verify_commit(c, ssa_receipt)
k = 1 + secrets.randbelow(ec.n - 1)
ssa_sig, ssa_receipt = ecssa_commit_sign(c, m, prvkey, k)
ssa._assert_as_valid(m, pub, ssa_sig, ec, sha256)
assert verify_commit(c, ssa_receipt)
def test_signtocontract():
m = b"to be signed"
c = b"to be committed"
prv, pub = dsa.gen_keys()
dsa_sig, dsa_receipt = ecdsa_commit_sign(c, m, prv, None)
dsa.assert_as_valid(m, pub, dsa_sig, ec, sha256)
assert verify_commit(c, dsa_receipt)
# 32 bytes message for ECSSA
m = sha256(m).digest()
prv, pub = ssa.gen_keys()
ssa_sig, ssa_receipt = ecssa_commit_sign(c, m, prv, None)
ssa.assert_as_valid(m, pub, ssa_sig, ec, sha256)
assert verify_commit(c, ssa_receipt)
def test_signtocontract(self):
m = b"to be signed"
c = b"to be committed"
prv, pub = dsa.gen_keys()
dsa_sig, dsa_receipt = ecdsa_commit_sign(c, m, prv, None)
self.assertIsNone(dsa._verify(m, pub, dsa_sig, ec, sha256))
self.assertTrue(verify_commit(c, dsa_receipt))
# 32 bytes message for ECSSA
m = sha256(m).digest()
prv, pub = ssa.gen_keys()
ssa_sig, ssa_receipt = ecssa_commit_sign(c, m, prv, None)
self.assertIsNone(ssa._verify(m, pub, ssa_sig, ec, sha256))
self.assertTrue(verify_commit(c, ssa_receipt))
def test_bip340_vectors() -> None:
"""BIP340 (Schnorr) test vectors.
https://github.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0340/test-vectors.csv
"""
fname = "bip340_test_vectors.csv"
filename = path.join(path.dirname(__file__), "test_data", fname)
with open(filename, newline="") as csvfile:
reader = csv.reader(csvfile)
# skip column headers while checking that there are 7 columns
_, _, _, _, _, _, _, _ = reader.__next__()
for row in reader:
(index, seckey, pubkey, aux_rand, m, sig, result, comment) = row
err_msg = f"Test vector #{int(index)}"
try:
if seckey != "":
_, pubkey_actual = ssa.gen_keys(seckey)
assert pubkey == hex(pubkey_actual).upper()[2:], err_msg
k = ssa._det_nonce(m, seckey, aux_rand)
sig_actual = ssa._sign(m, seckey, k)
ssa._assert_as_valid(m, pubkey, sig_actual)
assert ssa.deserialize(sig) == sig_actual, err_msg
if comment:
err_msg += ": " + comment
# TODO what's wrong with xor-ing ?
# assert (result == "TRUE") ^ ssa._verify(m, pubkey, sig), err_msg
if result == "TRUE":
ssa._assert_as_valid(m, pubkey, sig)
assert ssa._verify(m, pubkey, sig), err_msg
else:
assert not ssa._verify(m, pubkey, sig), err_msg
except Exception as e: # pragma: no cover # pylint: disable=broad-except
print(err_msg) # pragma: no cover
raise e # pragma: no cover
dsa_prv, dsa_pub = dsa.gen_keys()
print("prv", hex(dsa_prv))
print("pub", hex(dsa_pub[0]), hex(dsa_pub[1]))
dsa_sig = dsa.sign(msg, dsa_prv)
print("r:", hex(dsa_sig[0]))
print("s:", hex(dsa_sig[1]))
dsa_valid = dsa.verify(msg, dsa_pub, dsa_sig)
print("valid ECDSA sig:", dsa_valid)
# ECSSA
print("\n ECSSA")
ssa_prv, ssa_pub = ssa.gen_keys()
print("prv", hex(ssa_prv))
print("pub", hex(ssa_pub))
ssa_sig = ssa.sign(msg, ssa_prv)
print("r:", hex(ssa_sig[0]))
print("s:", hex(ssa_sig[1]))
ssa_valid = ssa.verify(msg, ssa_pub, ssa_sig)
print("valid ECSSA sig:", ssa_valid)
# ECBMS
print("\n ECBMS")
bms_prv, bms_pub = bms.gen_keys()
print("prv", bms_prv)
def test_threshold() -> None:
"testing 2-of-3 threshold signature (Pedersen secret sharing)"
ec = CURVES["secp256k1"]
# parameters
m = 2
H = second_generator(ec)
# FIRST PHASE: key pair generation ###################################
# 1.1 signer one acting as the dealer
commits1: List[Point] = []
q1, _ = ssa.gen_keys()
q1_prime, _ = ssa.gen_keys()
commits1.append(double_mult(q1_prime, H, q1, ec.G))
# sharing polynomials
f1 = [q1]
f1_prime = [q1_prime]
for i in range(1, m):
f1.append(ssa.gen_keys()[0])
f1_prime.append(ssa.gen_keys()[0])
commits1.append(double_mult(f1_prime[i], H, f1[i], ec.G))
# shares of the secret
alpha12 = 0 # share of q1 belonging to signer two
alpha12_prime = 0
alpha13 = 0 # share of q1 belonging to signer three
alpha13_prime = 0
for i in range(m):
alpha12 += (f1[i] * pow(2, i)) % ec.n
alpha12_prime += (f1_prime[i] * pow(2, i)) % ec.n
alpha13 += (f1[i] * pow(3, i)) % ec.n
alpha13_prime += (f1_prime[i] * pow(3, i)) % ec.n
# signer two verifies consistency of his share
RHS = INF
for i in range(m):
RHS = ec.add(RHS, mult(pow(2, i), commits1[i]))
t = double_mult(alpha12_prime, H, alpha12, ec.G)
assert t == RHS, "signer one is cheating"
# signer three verifies consistency of his share
RHS = INF
for i in range(m):
RHS = ec.add(RHS, mult(pow(3, i), commits1[i]))
t = double_mult(alpha13_prime, H, alpha13, ec.G)
assert t == RHS, "signer one is cheating"
# 1.2 signer two acting as the dealer
commits2: List[Point] = []
q2, _ = ssa.gen_keys()
q2_prime, _ = ssa.gen_keys()
commits2.append(double_mult(q2_prime, H, q2, ec.G))
# sharing polynomials
f2 = [q2]
f2_prime = [q2_prime]
for i in range(1, m):
f2.append(ssa.gen_keys()[0])
f2_prime.append(ssa.gen_keys()[0])
commits2.append(double_mult(f2_prime[i], H, f2[i], ec.G))
# shares of the secret
alpha21 = 0 # share of q2 belonging to signer one
alpha21_prime = 0
alpha23 = 0 # share of q2 belonging to signer three
alpha23_prime = 0
for i in range(m):
alpha21 += (f2[i] * pow(1, i)) % ec.n
alpha21_prime += (f2_prime[i] * pow(1, i)) % ec.n
alpha23 += (f2[i] * pow(3, i)) % ec.n
alpha23_prime += (f2_prime[i] * pow(3, i)) % ec.n
# signer one verifies consistency of his share
RHS = INF
for i in range(m):
RHS = ec.add(RHS, mult(pow(1, i), commits2[i]))
t = double_mult(alpha21_prime, H, alpha21, ec.G)
assert t == RHS, "signer two is cheating"
# signer three verifies consistency of his share
RHS = INF
for i in range(m):
RHS = ec.add(RHS, mult(pow(3, i), commits2[i]))
t = double_mult(alpha23_prime, H, alpha23, ec.G)
assert t == RHS, "signer two is cheating"
# 1.3 signer three acting as the dealer
commits3: List[Point] = []
q3, _ = ssa.gen_keys()
q3_prime, _ = ssa.gen_keys()
commits3.append(double_mult(q3_prime, H, q3, ec.G))
# sharing polynomials
f3 = [q3]
f3_prime = [q3_prime]
for i in range(1, m):
f3.append(ssa.gen_keys()[0])
f3_prime.append(ssa.gen_keys()[0])
commits3.append(double_mult(f3_prime[i], H, f3[i], ec.G))
# shares of the secret
alpha31 = 0 # share of q3 belonging to signer one
alpha31_prime = 0
alpha32 = 0 # share of q3 belonging to signer two
alpha32_prime = 0
for i in range(m):
alpha31 += (f3[i] * pow(1, i)) % ec.n
alpha31_prime += (f3_prime[i] * pow(1, i)) % ec.n
alpha32 += (f3[i] * pow(2, i)) % ec.n
alpha32_prime += (f3_prime[i] * pow(2, i)) % ec.n
# signer one verifies consistency of his share
RHS = INF
for i in range(m):
RHS = ec.add(RHS, mult(pow(1, i), commits3[i]))
t = double_mult(alpha31_prime, H, alpha31, ec.G)
assert t == RHS, "signer three is cheating"
# signer two verifies consistency of his share
RHS = INF
for i in range(m):
RHS = ec.add(RHS, mult(pow(2, i), commits3[i]))
t = double_mult(alpha32_prime, H, alpha32, ec.G)
assert t == RHS, "signer three is cheating"
# shares of the secret key q = q1 + q2 + q3
alpha1 = (alpha21 + alpha31) % ec.n
alpha2 = (alpha12 + alpha32) % ec.n
alpha3 = (alpha13 + alpha23) % ec.n
for i in range(m):
alpha1 += (f1[i] * pow(1, i)) % ec.n
alpha2 += (f2[i] * pow(2, i)) % ec.n
alpha3 += (f3[i] * pow(3, i)) % ec.n
# 1.4 it's time to recover the public key
# each participant i = 1, 2, 3 shares Qi as follows
# Q = Q1 + Q2 + Q3 = (q1 + q2 + q3) G
A1: List[Point] = []
A2: List[Point] = []
A3: List[Point] = []
for i in range(m):
A1.append(mult(f1[i]))
A2.append(mult(f2[i]))
A3.append(mult(f3[i]))
# signer one checks others' values
RHS2 = INF
RHS3 = INF
for i in range(m):
RHS2 = ec.add(RHS2, mult(pow(1, i), A2[i]))
RHS3 = ec.add(RHS3, mult(pow(1, i), A3[i]))
assert mult(alpha21) == RHS2, "signer two is cheating"
assert mult(alpha31) == RHS3, "signer three is cheating"
# signer two checks others' values
RHS1 = INF
RHS3 = INF
for i in range(m):
RHS1 = ec.add(RHS1, mult(pow(2, i), A1[i]))
RHS3 = ec.add(RHS3, mult(pow(2, i), A3[i]))
assert mult(alpha12) == RHS1, "signer one is cheating"
assert mult(alpha32) == RHS3, "signer three is cheating"
# signer three checks others' values
RHS1 = INF
RHS2 = INF
for i in range(m):
RHS1 = ec.add(RHS1, mult(pow(3, i), A1[i]))
RHS2 = ec.add(RHS2, mult(pow(3, i), A2[i]))
assert mult(alpha13) == RHS1, "signer one is cheating"
assert mult(alpha23) == RHS2, "signer two is cheating"
# commitment at the global sharing polynomial
A: List[Point] = []
for i in range(m):
A.append(ec.add(A1[i], ec.add(A2[i], A3[i])))
# aggregated public key
Q = A[0]
if Q[1] % 2:
# print('Q has been negated')
A[1] = ec.negate(A[1]) # pragma: no cover
alpha1 = ec.n - alpha1 # pragma: no cover
alpha2 = ec.n - alpha2 # pragma: no cover
alpha3 = ec.n - alpha3 # pragma: no cover
Q = ec.negate(Q) # pragma: no cover
# SECOND PHASE: generation of the nonces' pair ######################
# Assume signer one and three want to sign
msg = "message to sign"
# 2.1 signer one acting as the dealer
commits1 = []
k1 = ssa.det_nonce(msg, q1, ec, hf)
k1_prime = ssa.det_nonce(msg, q1_prime, ec, hf)
commits1.append(double_mult(k1_prime, H, k1, ec.G))
# sharing polynomials
f1 = [k1]
f1_prime = [k1_prime]
for i in range(1, m):
f1.append(ssa.gen_keys()[0])
f1_prime.append(ssa.gen_keys()[0])
commits1.append(double_mult(f1_prime[i], H, f1[i], ec.G))
# shares of the secret
beta13 = 0 # share of k1 belonging to signer three
beta13_prime = 0
for i in range(m):
beta13 += (f1[i] * pow(3, i)) % ec.n
beta13_prime += (f1_prime[i] * pow(3, i)) % ec.n
# signer three verifies consistency of his share
RHS = INF
for i in range(m):
RHS = ec.add(RHS, mult(pow(3, i), commits1[i]))
t = double_mult(beta13_prime, H, beta13, ec.G)
assert t == RHS, "signer one is cheating"
# 2.2 signer three acting as the dealer
commits3 = []
k3 = ssa.det_nonce(msg, q3, ec, hf)
k3_prime = ssa.det_nonce(msg, q3_prime, ec, hf)
commits3.append(double_mult(k3_prime, H, k3, ec.G))
# sharing polynomials
f3 = [k3]
f3_prime = [k3_prime]
for i in range(1, m):
f3.append(ssa.gen_keys()[0])
f3_prime.append(ssa.gen_keys()[0])
commits3.append(double_mult(f3_prime[i], H, f3[i], ec.G))
# shares of the secret
beta31 = 0 # share of k3 belonging to signer one
beta31_prime = 0
for i in range(m):
beta31 += (f3[i] * pow(1, i)) % ec.n
beta31_prime += (f3_prime[i] * pow(1, i)) % ec.n
# signer one verifies consistency of his share
RHS = INF
for i in range(m):
RHS = ec.add(RHS, mult(pow(1, i), commits3[i]))
t = double_mult(beta31_prime, H, beta31, ec.G)
assert t == RHS, "signer three is cheating"
# 2.3 shares of the secret nonce
beta1 = beta31 % ec.n
beta3 = beta13 % ec.n
for i in range(m):
beta1 += (f1[i] * pow(1, i)) % ec.n
beta3 += (f3[i] * pow(3, i)) % ec.n
# 2.4 it's time to recover the public nonce
# each participant i = 1, 3 shares Qi as follows
B1: List[Point] = []
B3: List[Point] = []
for i in range(m):
B1.append(mult(f1[i]))
B3.append(mult(f3[i]))
# signer one checks values from signer three
RHS3 = INF
for i in range(m):
RHS3 = ec.add(RHS3, mult(pow(1, i), B3[i]))
assert mult(beta31) == RHS3, "signer three is cheating"
# signer three checks values from signer one
RHS1 = INF
for i in range(m):
RHS1 = ec.add(RHS1, mult(pow(3, i), B1[i]))
assert mult(beta13) == RHS1, "signer one is cheating"
# commitment at the global sharing polynomial
B: List[Point] = []
for i in range(m):
B.append(ec.add(B1[i], B3[i]))
# aggregated public nonce
K = B[0]
if K[1] % 2:
# print('K has been negated')
B[1] = ec.negate(B[1]) # pragma: no cover
beta1 = ec.n - beta1 # pragma: no cover
beta3 = ec.n - beta3 # pragma: no cover
K = ec.negate(K) # pragma: no cover
# PHASE THREE: signature generation ###
# partial signatures
e = ssa.challenge(msg, Q[0], K[0], ec, hf)
gamma1 = (beta1 + e * alpha1) % ec.n
gamma3 = (beta3 + e * alpha3) % ec.n
# each participant verifies the other partial signatures
# signer one
RHS3 = ec.add(K, mult(e, Q))
for i in range(1, m):
temp = double_mult(pow(3, i), B[i], e * pow(3, i), A[i])
RHS3 = ec.add(RHS3, temp)
assert mult(gamma3) == RHS3, "signer three is cheating"
# signer three
RHS1 = ec.add(K, mult(e, Q))
for i in range(1, m):
temp = double_mult(pow(1, i), B[i], e * pow(1, i), A[i])
RHS1 = ec.add(RHS1, temp)
assert mult(gamma1) == RHS1, "signer one is cheating"
# PHASE FOUR: aggregating the signature ###
omega1 = 3 * mod_inv(3 - 1, ec.n) % ec.n
omega3 = 1 * mod_inv(1 - 3, ec.n) % ec.n
sigma = (gamma1 * omega1 + gamma3 * omega3) % ec.n
sig = K[0], sigma
assert ssa.verify(msg, Q[0], sig)
# ADDITIONAL PHASE: reconstruction of the private key ###
secret = (omega1 * alpha1 + omega3 * alpha3) % ec.n
assert (q1 + q2 + q3) % ec.n in (secret, ec.n - secret)
def test_signature() -> None:
ec = CURVES["secp256k1"]
msg = "Satoshi Nakamoto"
q, x_Q = ssa.gen_keys(0x01)
sig = ssa.sign(msg, q)
ssa.assert_as_valid(msg, x_Q, sig)
assert ssa.verify(msg, x_Q, sig)
assert sig == ssa.deserialize(sig)
ssa.assert_as_valid(msg, x_Q, sig)
ssa.assert_as_valid(msg, x_Q, ssa.serialize(*sig))
ssa.assert_as_valid(msg, x_Q, ssa.serialize(*sig).hex())
msg_fake = "Craig Wright"
assert not ssa.verify(msg_fake, x_Q, sig)
err_msg = r"y_K is odd|signature verification failed"
with pytest.raises(BTClibRuntimeError, match=err_msg):
ssa.assert_as_valid(msg_fake, x_Q, sig)
_, x_Q_fake = ssa.gen_keys(0x02)
assert not ssa.verify(msg, x_Q_fake, sig)
with pytest.raises(BTClibRuntimeError, match=err_msg):
ssa.assert_as_valid(msg, x_Q_fake, sig)
_, x_Q_fake = ssa.gen_keys(0x4)
assert not ssa.verify(msg, x_Q_fake, sig)
with pytest.raises(BTClibRuntimeError, match=err_msg):
ssa.assert_as_valid(msg, x_Q_fake, sig)
err_msg = "not a BIP340 public key"
with pytest.raises(BTClibValueError, match=err_msg):
ssa.assert_as_valid(msg, INF, sig) # type: ignore
with pytest.raises(BTClibValueError, match=err_msg):
ssa.point_from_bip340pubkey(INF) # type: ignore
sig_fake = (sig[0], sig[1], sig[1])
assert not ssa.verify(msg, x_Q, sig_fake) # type: ignore
err_msg = "too many values to unpack "
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=err_msg):
ssa.assert_as_valid(msg, x_Q, sig_fake) # type: ignore
sig_invalid = ec.p, sig[1]
assert not ssa.verify(msg, x_Q, sig_invalid)
err_msg = "x-coordinate not in 0..p-1: "
with pytest.raises(BTClibValueError, match=err_msg):
ssa.assert_as_valid(msg, x_Q, sig_invalid)
sig_invalid = sig[0], ec.p
assert not ssa.verify(msg, x_Q, sig_invalid)
err_msg = "scalar s not in 0..n-1: "
with pytest.raises(BTClibValueError, match=err_msg):
ssa.assert_as_valid(msg, x_Q, sig_invalid)
m_fake = b"\x00" * 31
err_msg = "invalid size: 31 bytes instead of 32"
with pytest.raises(BTClibValueError, match=err_msg):
ssa._assert_as_valid(m_fake, x_Q, sig)
with pytest.raises(BTClibValueError, match=err_msg):
ssa._sign(m_fake, q)
err_msg = "private key not in 1..n-1: "
with pytest.raises(BTClibValueError, match=err_msg):
ssa.sign(msg, 0)
# ephemeral key not in 1..n-1
err_msg = "private key not in 1..n-1: "
with pytest.raises(BTClibValueError, match=err_msg):
ssa._sign(reduce_to_hlen(msg, hf), q, 0)
with pytest.raises(BTClibValueError, match=err_msg):
ssa._sign(reduce_to_hlen(msg, hf), q, ec.n)
err_msg = "invalid zero challenge"
with pytest.raises(BTClibValueError, match=err_msg):
ssa.__recover_pubkey(0, sig[0], sig[1], ec)
def test_musig() -> None:
"""testing 3-of-3 MuSig.
https://github.com/ElementsProject/secp256k1-zkp/blob/secp256k1-zkp/src/modules/musig/musig.md
https://blockstream.com/2019/02/18/musig-a-new-multisignature-standard/
https://eprint.iacr.org/2018/068
https://blockstream.com/2018/01/23/musig-key-aggregation-schnorr-signatures.html
https://medium.com/@snigirev.stepan/how-schnorr-signatures-may-improve-bitcoin-91655bcb4744
"""
ec = CURVES["secp256k1"]
m = hf(b"message to sign").digest()
# the signers private and public keys,
# including both the curve Point and the BIP340-Schnorr public key
q1, x_Q1_int = ssa.gen_keys()
x_Q1 = x_Q1_int.to_bytes(ec.psize, "big")
q2, x_Q2_int = ssa.gen_keys()
x_Q2 = x_Q2_int.to_bytes(ec.psize, "big")
q3, x_Q3_int = ssa.gen_keys()
x_Q3 = x_Q3_int.to_bytes(ec.psize, "big")
# (non interactive) key setup
# this is MuSig core: the rest is just Schnorr signature additivity
# 1. lexicographic sorting of public keys
keys: List[bytes] = []
keys.append(x_Q1)
keys.append(x_Q2)
keys.append(x_Q3)
keys.sort()
# 2. coefficients
prefix = b"".join(keys)
a1 = int_from_bits(hf(prefix + x_Q1).digest(), ec.nlen) % ec.n
a2 = int_from_bits(hf(prefix + x_Q2).digest(), ec.nlen) % ec.n
a3 = int_from_bits(hf(prefix + x_Q3).digest(), ec.nlen) % ec.n
# 3. aggregated public key
Q1 = mult(q1)
Q2 = mult(q2)
Q3 = mult(q3)
Q = ec.add(double_mult(a1, Q1, a2, Q2), mult(a3, Q3))
if Q[1] % 2:
# print("Q has been negated")
a1 = ec.n - a1 # pragma: no cover
a2 = ec.n - a2 # pragma: no cover
a3 = ec.n - a3 # pragma: no cover
# ready to sign: nonces and nonce commitments
k1, _ = ssa.gen_keys()
K1 = mult(k1)
k2, _ = ssa.gen_keys()
K2 = mult(k2)
k3, _ = ssa.gen_keys()
K3 = mult(k3)
# exchange {K_i} (interactive)
# computes s_i (non interactive)
# WARNING: signers must exchange the nonces commitments {K_i}
# before sharing {s_i}
# same for all signers
K = ec.add(ec.add(K1, K2), K3)
if K[1] % 2:
k1 = ec.n - k1 # pragma: no cover
k2 = ec.n - k2 # pragma: no cover
k3 = ec.n - k3 # pragma: no cover
r = K[0]
e = ssa._challenge(m, Q[0], r, ec, hf)
s_1 = (k1 + e * a1 * q1) % ec.n
s_2 = (k2 + e * a2 * q2) % ec.n
s3 = (k3 + e * a3 * q3) % ec.n
# exchange s_i (interactive)
# finalize signature (non interactive)
s = (s_1 + s_2 + s3) % ec.n
sig = r, s
# check signature is valid
ssa._assert_as_valid(m, Q[0], sig, ec, hf)
def test_signature():
"""Basic tests"""
ec = secp256k1
q, x_Q = ssa.gen_keys(0x1)
mhd = hf(b"Satoshi Nakamoto").digest()
sig = ssa.sign(mhd, q, None)
ssa.assert_as_valid(mhd, x_Q, sig, ec, hf)
assert ssa.verify(mhd, x_Q, sig)
assert sig == ssa.deserialize(sig)
fmhd = hf(b"Craig Wright").digest()
assert not ssa.verify(fmhd, x_Q, sig, ec, hf)
err_msg = "signature verification failed"
with pytest.raises(AssertionError, match=err_msg):
ssa.assert_as_valid(fmhd, x_Q, sig, ec, hf)
_, x_fQ = ssa.gen_keys(0x2)
assert not ssa.verify(mhd, x_fQ, sig, ec, hf)
err_msg = "y_K is not a quadratic residue"
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError, match=err_msg):
ssa.assert_as_valid(mhd, x_fQ, sig, ec, hf)
_, x_fQ = ssa.gen_keys(0x4)
assert not ssa.verify(mhd, x_fQ, sig, ec, hf)
err_msg = "signature verification failed"
with pytest.raises(AssertionError, match=err_msg):
ssa.assert_as_valid(mhd, x_fQ, sig, ec, hf)
err_msg = "not a BIP340 public key"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=err_msg):
ssa.assert_as_valid(mhd, INF, sig, ec, hf)
assert not ssa.verify(mhd, x_Q, sig, secp224k1, hf)
err_msg = "field prime is not equal to 3 mod 4: "
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=err_msg):
ssa.assert_as_valid(mhd, x_Q, sig, secp224k1, hf)
wrongmhd = mhd[:-1]
assert not ssa.verify(wrongmhd, x_Q, sig, ec, hf)
err_msg = "invalid size: 31 bytes instead of 32"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=err_msg):
ssa.assert_as_valid(wrongmhd, x_Q, sig, ec, hf)
fssasig = (sig[0], sig[1], sig[1])
assert not ssa.verify(mhd, x_fQ, fssasig, ec, hf)
err_msg = "too many values to unpack "
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=err_msg):
ssa.assert_as_valid(mhd, x_Q, fssasig, ec, hf)
invalid_sig = ec.p, sig[1]
assert not ssa.verify(mhd, x_Q, invalid_sig)
err_msg = "x-coordinate not in 0..p-1: "
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=err_msg):
ssa.assert_as_valid(mhd, x_Q, invalid_sig, ec, hf)
invalid_sig = sig[0], ec.p
assert not ssa.verify(mhd, x_Q, invalid_sig)
err_msg = "scalar s not in 0..n-1: "
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=err_msg):
ssa.assert_as_valid(mhd, x_Q, invalid_sig, ec, hf)
err_msg = "invalid size: 31 bytes instead of 32"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=err_msg):
ssa.sign(wrongmhd, q, None)
err_msg = "private key not in 1..n-1: "
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=err_msg):
ssa.sign(mhd, 0)
# ephemeral key not in 1..n-1
err_msg = "private key not in 1..n-1: "
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=err_msg):
ssa.sign(mhd, 1, 0)
err_msg = "invalid zero challenge"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=err_msg):
ssa._recover_pubkey(0, sig[0], sig[1], ec)
err_msg = "not a BIP340 public key"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=err_msg):
ssa._to_bip340_point(["not", "a BIP340", "public key"])
