def set_wait_time_on_sharp_corners(print_organizer, threshold=0.5 * math.pi, wait_time=0.3):
"""
Sets a wait time at the sharp corners of the path, based on the angle threshold.
Parameters
----------
print_organizer: :class:`compas_slicer.print_organization.BasePrintOrganizer`
threshold: float
angle_threshold
wait_time: float
Time in seconds to introduce to add as a wait time
"""
number_of_wait_points = 0
for printpoint, i, j, k in print_organizer.printpoints_indices_iterator():
neighbors = print_organizer.get_printpoint_neighboring_items('layer_%d' % i, 'path_%d' % j, k)
prev_ppt = neighbors[0]
next_ppt = neighbors[1]
if prev_ppt and next_ppt:
v_to_prev = normalize_vector(Vector.from_start_end(printpoint.pt, prev_ppt.pt))
v_to_next = normalize_vector(Vector.from_start_end(printpoint.pt, next_ppt.pt))
a = abs(Vector(*v_to_prev).angle(v_to_next))
if a < threshold:
printpoint.wait_time = wait_time
printpoint.blend_radius = 0.0 # 0.0 blend radius for points where the robot will wait
number_of_wait_points += 1
logger.info('Added wait times for %d points' % number_of_wait_points)
def is_cww(pt_A: Tuple[float], pt_B: Tuple[float], pt_C: Tuple[float]) -> bool:
""" Checks if vector AB is oriented clockwise or counter-clockwise to
vector AC.
Parameters
----------
pt_a, pt_b, pt_c : list or tuple of floats
Returns
-------
bool
>>> is_cww((20,30), (40,10), (12,25))
False
"""
# create the two vectors, but one is rotated 90 degrees
# based on https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/45412/
vector_AC = Vector.from_start_end((*pt_A, 0), (*pt_C, 0))
rot_B = rotate_points_xy([pt_B], radians(90), pt_A)
rotated_AB = Vector.from_start_end((*pt_A, 0), *rot_B)
# positive dot product ccw
angle_between = dot_vectors_xy(rotated_AB, vector_AC)
if angle_between > 0:
return True
if angle_between < 0:
return False
raise ValueError('Vectors have the same direction')
def is_ccw(A, B, C):
Vector_AB = Vector.from_start_end(A, B)
Vector_AC = Vector.from_start_end(A, C)
#Tests whether rotation from AB onto AC is ccw in the xy-plane
angle = Vector.angle_signed(Vector_AB, Vector_AC, (0, 0, 1))
if angle < 0:
return False
else:
return True
def get_area(polygon):
center = polygon.center
Atot = 0
points = polygon.points
points.append(points[0])
for i in range(len(points) - 1):
u = Vector.from_start_end(points[i], points[i + 1])
v = Vector.from_start_end(points[i], center)
uxv = u.cross(v)
Atot += uxv.length / 2
return Atot
def get_normal_of_path_on_xy_plane(k, point, path, mesh):
"""
Finds the normal of the curve that lies on the xy plane at the point with index k
Parameters
----------
k: int, index of the point
point: :class: 'compas.geometry.Point'
path: :class: 'compas_slicer.geometry.Path'
mesh: :class: 'compas.datastructures.Mesh'
Returns
----------
:class: 'compas.geometry.Vector'
"""
# find mesh normal is not really needed in the 2D case of planar slicer
# instead we only need the normal of the curve based on the neighboring pts
if (0 < k < len(path.points) - 1) or path.is_closed:
prev_pt = path.points[k - 1]
next_pt = path.points[(k + 1) % len(path.points)]
v1 = np.array(normalize_vector(Vector.from_start_end(prev_pt, point)))
v2 = np.array(normalize_vector(Vector.from_start_end(point, next_pt)))
v = (v1 + v2) * 0.5
normal = [-v[1], v[0],
v[2]] # rotate 90 degrees COUNTER-clockwise on the xy plane
else:
if k == 0:
next_pt = path.points[k + 1]
v = normalize_vector(Vector.from_start_end(point, next_pt))
normal = [-v[1], v[0], v[2]
] # rotate 90 degrees COUNTER-clockwise on the xy plane
else: # k == len(path.points)-1:
prev_pt = path.points[k - 1]
v = normalize_vector(Vector.from_start_end(point, prev_pt))
normal = [v[1], -v[0],
v[2]] # rotate 90 degrees clockwise on the xy plane
if length_vector(normal) == 0:
# When the neighboring elements happen to cancel out, then search for the true normal,
# and project it on the xy plane for consistency
normal = get_closest_mesh_normal_to_pt(mesh, point)
normal = [normal[0], normal[1], 0]
normal = normalize_vector(normal)
normal = Vector(*list(normal))
return normal
def convex_polygon_area_compas(polygon_vertices):
"""Compute the area of a convex polygon using compas.
Parameters
----------
polygon : sequence
The XY coordinates of the vertices/corners of the polygon.
The vertices are assumed to be in order.
The polygon is assumed to be closed:
the first and last vertex in the sequence should not be the same.
Returns
-------
float
The area of the polygon.
"""
polygon = Polygon(polygon_vertices)
if not polygon.is_convex:
sys.exit("the polygon is not convex.")
vectors = []
centroid = polygon.centroid
area = 0.0
for p in polygon.points:
vectors.append(Vector.from_start_end(centroid, p))
for i in range(len(vectors)):
area += cross_vectors(vectors[i - 1], vectors[i])[2] / 2
return area
def convex_polygon_area(polygon):
"""Compute the area of a convex polygon.
Parameters
----------
polygon: compas.geometry.Polygon
An ordered list of points of a convex polygon.
Returns
-------
Float
Area of the polygon.
"""
# find vectors from centroid to all corner points.
centroid = polygon.centroid
vectors = []
for vertex in polygon:
vectors.append(Vector.from_start_end(centroid, vertex))
areas = []
# the magnitude of the cross product equals the area of a parallelogram, thus half of it equals the triangle.
for u, v in pairwise(vectors + vectors[:1]):
uxv = u.cross(v)
a = uxv.length / 2
areas.append(a)
return sum(areas)
def set_blend_radius(print_organizer, d_fillet=10, buffer=0.3):
"""Sets the blend radius (filleting) for the robotic motion.
Parameters
----------
print_organizer: :class:`compas_slicer.slicers.BasePrintOrganizer`
d_fillet: float
Value to attempt to fillet with. Defaults to 10 mm.
buffer: float
Buffer to make sure that the blend radius is never too big.
Defaults to 0.3.
"""
logger.info("Setting blend radius")
for printpoint, i, j, k in print_organizer.printpoints_indices_iterator():
layer_key = 'layer_%d' % i
path_key = 'path_%d' % j
neighboring_items = print_organizer.get_printpoint_neighboring_items(
layer_key, path_key, k)
if not printpoint.wait_time:
radius = d_fillet
if neighboring_items[0]:
radius = min(
radius,
norm_vector(
Vector.from_start_end(neighboring_items[0].pt,
printpoint.pt)) * buffer)
if neighboring_items[1]:
radius = min(
radius,
norm_vector(
Vector.from_start_end(neighboring_items[1].pt,
printpoint.pt)) * buffer)
radius = round(radius, 5)
else:
radius = 0.0 # 0.0 blend radius for points where the robot will pause and wait
printpoint.blend_radius = radius
def find_zero_crossing_data(self, u, v):
""" Finds the position of the zero-crossing on the edge u,v. """
dist_a, dist_b = self.mesh.vertex[u]['scalar_field'], self.mesh.vertex[
v]['scalar_field']
if abs(dist_a) + abs(dist_b) > 0:
v_coords_a, v_coords_b = self.mesh.vertex_coordinates(
u), self.mesh.vertex_coordinates(v)
vec = Vector.from_start_end(v_coords_a, v_coords_b)
vec = scale_vector(vec, abs(dist_a) / (abs(dist_a) + abs(dist_b)))
pt = add_vectors(v_coords_a, vec)
return pt
def from_bounding_box(cls, bbox):
"""Construct a box from the result of a bounding box calculation.
Parameters
----------
bbox : list[[float, float, float] | :class:`compas.geometry.Point`]
A list of 8 point locations, representing the corners of the bounding box.
Positions 0, 1, 2, 3 are the bottom corners.
Positions 4, 5, 6, 7 are the top corners.
Both the top and bottom face are oriented in CCW direction, starting at the bottom, left-most point.
Returns
-------
:class:`compas.geometry.Box`
The box shape.
Examples
--------
>>> from compas.geometry import bounding_box
>>> bbox = bounding_box([[0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [1.0, 1.0, 1.0]])
>>> box = Box.from_bounding_box(bbox)
>>> box.width
1.0
>>> box.height
1.0
>>> box.depth
1.0
"""
a = bbox[0]
b = bbox[1]
d = bbox[3]
e = bbox[4]
xaxis = Vector.from_start_end(a, b)
yaxis = Vector.from_start_end(a, d)
zaxis = Vector.from_start_end(a, e)
xsize = xaxis.length
ysize = yaxis.length
zsize = zaxis.length
frame = Frame(centroid_points(bbox), xaxis, yaxis)
return cls(frame, xsize, ysize, zsize)
def get_layer_ppts(self, layer, base_boundary):
""" Creates the PrintPoints of a single layer."""
max_layer_height = get_param(self.parameters,
key='max_layer_height',
defaults_type='layers')
min_layer_height = get_param(self.parameters,
key='min_layer_height',
defaults_type='layers')
avg_layer_height = get_param(self.parameters, 'avg_layer_height',
'layers')
all_pts = [pt for path in layer.paths for pt in path.points]
closest_fks, projected_pts = utils.pull_pts_to_mesh_faces(
self.slicer.mesh, all_pts)
normals = [
Vector(*self.slicer.mesh.face_normal(fkey)) for fkey in closest_fks
]
count = 0
crv_to_check = Path(
base_boundary.points,
True) # creation of fake path for the lower boundary
layer_ppts = {}
for i, path in enumerate(layer.paths):
layer_ppts['path_%d' % i] = []
for p in path.points:
cp = closest_point_on_polyline(p,
Polyline(crv_to_check.points))
d = distance_point_point(cp, p)
ppt = PrintPoint(pt=p,
layer_height=avg_layer_height,
mesh_normal=normals[count])
ppt.closest_support_pt = Point(*cp)
ppt.distance_to_support = d
ppt.layer_height = max(min(d, max_layer_height),
min_layer_height)
ppt.up_vector = Vector(
*normalize_vector(Vector.from_start_end(cp, p)))
ppt.frame = ppt.get_frame()
layer_ppts['path_%d' % i].append(ppt)
count += 1
crv_to_check = path
return layer_ppts
def get_up_vectors(self):
""" Finds the up_vectors of each point of the boundary. A smoothing step is also included. """
up_vectors = []
for i, p in enumerate(self.points):
v1 = Vector.from_start_end(p,
self.points[(i + 1) % len(self.points)])
cross = v1.cross(self.normals[i])
v = Vector(*normalize_vector(cross))
if v[2] < 0:
v.scale(-1)
up_vectors.append(v)
up_vectors = utils.smooth_vectors(up_vectors,
strength=0.4,
iterations=3)
return up_vectors
def seams_smooth(slicer, smooth_distance):
"""Smooths the seams (transition between layers)
by removing points within a certain distance.
Parameters
----------
slicer: :class:`compas_slicer.slicers.BaseSlicer`
An instance of one of the compas_slicer.slicers classes.
smooth_distance: float
Distance (in mm) to perform smoothing
"""
logger.info("Smoothing seams with a distance of %i mm" % smooth_distance)
for i, layer in enumerate(slicer.layers):
if len(layer.paths) == 1 or isinstance(
layer, compas_slicer.geometry.VerticalLayer):
for path in layer.paths:
pt0 = path.points[0]
# only points in the first half of a path should be evaluated
half_of_path = path.points[:int(len(path.points) / 2)]
for point in half_of_path:
if distance_point_point(pt0, point) < smooth_distance:
# remove points if within smooth_distance
path.points.pop(0)
else:
# create new point at a distance of the
# 'smooth_distance' from the first point,
# so that all seams are of equal length
vect = Vector.from_start_end(pt0, point)
vect.unitize()
new_pt = pt0 + (vect * smooth_distance)
path.points.insert(0, new_pt)
break
else:
logger.warning(
"Smooth seams only works for layers consisting out of a single path, or for vertical layers."
"\nPaths were not changed, seam smoothing skipped for layer %i"
% i)
class SkeletonVol(Mesh):
""" SkeletonVol is typologically constructed low poly mesh.
It construct a branch like volumetric mesh from input lines.
"""
def __init__(self):
super(SkeletonVol, self).__init__()
@classmethod
def from_skeleton_lines(cls, lines=[]):
skeleton_vol = cls()
network = Network.from_lines(lines)
convex_hull_mesh = get_convex_hull_mesh(points)
def get_convex_hull_mesh(points):
faces = convex_hull(points)
vertices = list(set(flatten(faces)))
i_index = {i: index for index, i in enumerate(vertices)}
vertices = [points[index] for index in vertices]
faces = [[i_index[i] for i in face] for face in faces]
faces = unify_cycles(vertices, faces)
mesh = Mesh.from_vertices_and_faces(vertices, faces)
return mesh
guids = compas_rhino.select_lines()
lines = compas_rhino.get_line_coordinates(guids)
network = Network.from_lines(lines)
leafs = []
joints = []
for key in network.node:
if network.is_leaf(key):
leafs.append(key)
else:
joints.append(key)
pt_center = network.node_coordinates(joints[0])
pts = [network.node_coordinates(key) for key in leafs]
convex_hull_mesh = get_convex_hull_mesh(pts)
mesh = Mesh()
# for key in convex_hull_mesh.vertices():
# mesh.add_vertex(key)
# mesh.vertex[key].update(convex_hull_mesh.vertex[key])
descdent_tree = copy.deepcopy(convex_hull_mesh.halfedge)
for u, v in convex_hull_mesh.edges():
descdent_tree[u][v] = {'jp': None, 'lp': None}
descdent_tree[v][u] = {'jp': None, 'lp': None}
# current_key = convex_hull_mesh.number_of_vertices()
current_key = 0
for fkey in convex_hull_mesh.faces():
f_centroid = convex_hull_mesh.face_centroid(fkey)
vec = Vector.from_start_end(pt_center, f_centroid)
# if the branches has a 'convex' corner,
# flip the vec to the corresponding face.
f_normal = convex_hull_mesh.face_normal(fkey)
angle = angle_vectors(f_normal, vec, False)
if angle > math.pi * 0.5:
pln = Plane(pt_center, f_normal)
pt_mirror = mirror_point_plane(f_centroid, pln)
vec = Vector.from_start_end(pt_center, pt_mirror)
vec.unitize()
vec.scale(joint_width)
pt = add_vectors(pt_center, vec)
face = convex_hull_mesh.face[fkey]
v_keys = face + [face[0]]
for u, v in pairwise(v_keys):
descdent_tree[u][v].update({'jp': current_key})
mesh.add_vertex(current_key)
mesh.vertex[current_key].update({'x': pt[0], 'y': pt[1], 'z': pt[2]})
current_key += 1
for key in convex_hull_mesh.vertices():
nbrs = convex_hull_mesh.vertex_neighbors(key)
for nbr in nbrs:
halfedge = (key, nbr)
pt_joint_descendent = mesh.vertex_coordinates(
descdent_tree[key][nbr]['jp'])
vec_edge = Vector.from_start_end(
pt_center, convex_hull_mesh.vertex_coordinates(key))
pln_end = Plane(convex_hull_mesh.vertex_coordinates(key), vec_edge)
pt = project_point_plane(pt_joint_descendent, pln_end)
vec_leaf = Vector.from_start_end(
convex_hull_mesh.vertex_coordinates(key), pt)
vec_leaf.unitize()
vec_leaf.scale(leaf_width)
pt = add_vectors(convex_hull_mesh.vertex_coordinates(key),
vec_leaf)
descdent_tree[key][nbr].update({'lp': current_key})
mesh.add_vertex(current_key)
mesh.vertex[current_key].update({
'x': pt[0],
'y': pt[1],
'z': pt[2]
})
current_key += 1
for key in convex_hull_mesh.vertices():
nbrs = convex_hull_mesh.vertex_neighbors(key, ordered=True)
v_keys = nbrs + [nbrs[0]]
for a, b in pairwise(v_keys):
face = [
descdent_tree[key][a]['lp'], descdent_tree[key][a]['jp'],
descdent_tree[key][b]['jp'], descdent_tree[key][b]['lp']
]
mesh.add_face(face)
fixed = list(mesh.vertices_where({'vertex_degree': 3}))
fixed = list(mesh.vertices())
mesh = mesh_subdivide_catmullclark(mesh, k=1, fixed=fixed)
# mesh = mesh_subdivide_quad(mesh, k=1)
mesh_smooth_centroid(mesh, fixed=fixed)
artist = MeshArtist(mesh)
artist.draw_mesh()
mesh = Mesh()
for key in convex_hull_mesh.vertices():
mesh.add_vertex(key)
mesh.vertex[key].update(convex_hull_mesh.vertex[key])
descdent_tree = copy.deepcopy(convex_hull_mesh.halfedge)
for u, v in convex_hull_mesh.edges():
descdent_tree[u][v] = {'jp': None, 'lp': None}
descdent_tree[v][u] = {'jp': None, 'lp': None}
current_key = convex_hull_mesh.number_of_vertices()
for fkey in convex_hull_mesh.faces():
f_centroid = convex_hull_mesh.face_centroid(fkey)
vec = Vector.from_start_end(pt_center, f_centroid)
# if the branches has a 'convex' corner,
# flip the vec to the corresponding face.
f_normal = convex_hull_mesh.face_normal(fkey)
angle = angle_vectors(f_normal, vec, False)
if angle > math.pi * 0.5:
# vec.scale(-1)
pln = Plane(pt_center, f_normal)
pt_mirror = mirror_point_plane(f_centroid, pln)
vec = Vector.from_start_end(pt_center, pt_mirror)
# angle = math.pi - angle
vec.unitize()
# dist = joint_width / math.cos(angle)
from compas.geometry import Frame from compas.geometry import Plane from compas.geometry import Vector a = Vector(1, 0, 0) b = Vector.from_start_end([1, 0, 0], [2, 0, 0]) assert a == b a = Plane([0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 1]) b = Plane.from_three_points([0, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0], [0, 1, 0]) assert a == b a = Frame([0, 0, 0], [3, 0, 0], [0, 2, 0]) b = Frame.from_points([0, 0, 0], [5, 0, 0], [1, 2, 0]) assert a == b
data['positive_y_axis'] = is_positive_y
# distance from plane - Scalar value (per vertex)
mesh.update_default_vertex_attributes({'dist_from_plane': 0.0})
plane = (Point(0.0, 0.0, -30.0), Vector(0.0, 0.5, 0.5))
for v_key, data in mesh.vertices(data=True):
v_coord = mesh.vertex_coordinates(v_key, axes='xyz')
data['dist_from_plane'] = distance_point_plane(v_coord, plane)
# direction towards point - Vector value (per vertex)
mesh.update_default_vertex_attributes({'direction_to_pt': 0.0})
pt = Point(4.0, 1.0, 0.0)
for v_key, data in mesh.vertices(data=True):
v_coord = mesh.vertex_coordinates(v_key, axes='xyz')
data['direction_to_pt'] = np.array(
normalize_vector(Vector.from_start_end(v_coord, pt)))
# --------------- Slice mesh
slicer = PlanarSlicer(mesh, slicer_type="default", layer_height=5.0)
slicer.slice_model()
simplify_paths_rdp_igl(slicer, threshold=1.0)
slicer_utils.save_to_json(slicer.to_data(), OUTPUT_PATH,
'slicer_data.json')
# --------------- Create printpoints
print_organizer = PlanarPrintOrganizer(slicer)
print_organizer.create_printpoints()
# --------------- Transfer mesh attributes to printpoints
transfer_mesh_attributes_to_printpoints(mesh,
print_organizer.printpoints_dict)
3. Define a function for computing the cross products of two same-length arrays of vectors by
a. Prototype in pure Python (loop over the arrays).
b. Make Numpy equivalent without loops.
"""
# 2. Use the cross product to compute the area of a convex, 2D polygon from the following set of points,
# and compare your result with using the compas function area_triangle.
from compas.geometry import Vector
from compas.geometry import area_triangle
a = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0]
b = [1.0, 0.0, 0.0]
c = [0.0, 1.0, 0.0]
ab = Vector.from_start_end(a, b) #Vector1
ac = Vector.from_start_end(a, c) #Vector2
#compute the cross product using the Vector function cross cp = a.cross(b)
x = #...
#take te length of the vector
L = #...
#and divide L by 2
A1 = #...
print(A1)
#now compute the area by using the area_triangle function of compas
A2 = #...
print(A2)
from compas.geometry import Vector from compas.geometry import area_triangle a = [0.0, 0.0, 0.0] b = [1.0, 0.0, 0.0] c = [0.0, 1.0, 0.0] ab = Vector.from_start_end(a, b) ac = Vector.from_start_end(a, c) L = ab.cross(ac).length A = area_triangle([a, b, c]) print(0.5 * L == A)