def fprop(self):
if self.phase == 'train':
# Calculate batch mean
tmp = ca.mean(self.x.out, axis=0, keepdims=True)
# Center input
ca.subtract(self.x.out, tmp, self._tmp_batch_centered)
# Update running mean
tmp *= 1 - self.momentum
self.running_mean *= self.momentum
self.running_mean += tmp
# Calculate batch variance
ca.power(self._tmp_batch_centered, 2, self.out)
ca.mean(self.out, axis=0, keepdims=True,
out=self._tmp_batch_inv_std)
# Calculate 1 / E([x - E(x)]^2)
self._tmp_batch_inv_std += self.eps
ca.sqrt(self._tmp_batch_inv_std, self._tmp_batch_inv_std)
ca.power(self._tmp_batch_inv_std, -1, self._tmp_batch_inv_std)
# Normalize input
ca.multiply(self._tmp_batch_centered, self._tmp_batch_inv_std,
self.out)
# Update running std
self.running_std *= self.momentum
ca.multiply(self._tmp_batch_inv_std, 1-self.momentum, tmp)
self.running_std += tmp
elif self.phase == 'test':
ca.subtract(self.x.out, self.running_mean, self.out)
self.out *= self.running_std
else:
raise ValueError('Invalid phase: %s' % self.phase)
if self.affine:
self.out *= self.gamma.array
self.out += self.beta.array
def monitor(self):
if not self._monitor:
return
val_mean_abs = np.array(ca.mean(ca.fabs(self._array)))
grad_mean_abs = np.array(ca.mean(ca.fabs(self._tmp_grad_array)))
step_mean_abs = np.array(ca.mean(ca.fabs(self._tmp_last_step)))
logger.info("%s:\t%.1e [%.1e, %.1e]" % (self.name, val_mean_abs, grad_mean_abs, step_mean_abs))
def bprop(self):
ca.multiply(self._tmp_batch_centered, self.out_grad, self.x.out_grad)
tmp = ca.mean(self.x.out_grad, axis=0, keepdims=True)
ca.multiply(self._tmp_batch_centered, tmp, self.x.out_grad)
self.x.out_grad *= -1
self.x.out_grad *= self._tmp_batch_inv_std
self.x.out_grad *= self._tmp_batch_inv_std
ca.mean(self.out_grad, axis=0, keepdims=True, out=tmp)
self.x.out_grad += self.out_grad
self.x.out_grad -= tmp
self.x.out_grad *= self._tmp_batch_inv_std
if self.affine:
self.x.out_grad *= self.gamma.array
# Normalized input
self._tmp_batch_centered *= self._tmp_batch_inv_std
self._tmp_batch_centered *= self.out_grad
ca.sum(self._tmp_batch_centered,
axis=0,
keepdims=True,
out=self.gamma.grad_array)
ca.sum(self.out_grad,
axis=0,
keepdims=True,
out=self.beta.grad_array)
def bprop(self):
ca.multiply(self._tmp_batch_centered, self.out_grad, self.x.out_grad)
tmp = ca.mean(ca.mean(self.x.out_grad, axis=0, keepdims=True),
axis=(2, 3), keepdims=True)
ca.multiply(self._tmp_batch_centered, tmp, self.x.out_grad)
self.x.out_grad *= -1
self.x.out_grad *= self._tmp_batch_inv_std
self.x.out_grad *= self._tmp_batch_inv_std
tmp = ca.mean(ca.mean(self.out_grad, axis=0, keepdims=True),
axis=(2, 3), keepdims=True)
self.x.out_grad += self.out_grad
self.x.out_grad -= tmp
self.x.out_grad *= self._tmp_batch_inv_std
if self.affine:
self.x.out_grad *= self.gamma.array
# Normalized input
self._tmp_batch_centered *= self._tmp_batch_inv_std
self._tmp_batch_centered *= self.out_grad
ca.sum(ca.sum(self._tmp_batch_centered, axis=(2, 3),
keepdims=True), axis=0, keepdims=True,
out=self.gamma.grad_array)
ca.sum(ca.sum(self.out_grad, axis=(2, 3), keepdims=True), axis=0,
keepdims=True, out=self.beta.grad_array)
def fprop(self):
if self.phase == 'train':
# Calculate batch mean
tmp = ca.mean(self.x.out, axis=0, keepdims=True)
# Center input
ca.subtract(self.x.out, tmp, self._tmp_batch_centered)
# Update running mean
tmp *= 1 - self.momentum
self.running_mean *= self.momentum
self.running_mean += tmp
# Calculate batch variance
ca.power(self._tmp_batch_centered, 2, self.out)
ca.mean(self.out,
axis=0,
keepdims=True,
out=self._tmp_batch_inv_std)
# Calculate 1 / E([x - E(x)]^2)
self._tmp_batch_inv_std += self.eps
ca.sqrt(self._tmp_batch_inv_std, self._tmp_batch_inv_std)
ca.power(self._tmp_batch_inv_std, -1, self._tmp_batch_inv_std)
# Normalize input
ca.multiply(self._tmp_batch_centered, self._tmp_batch_inv_std,
self.out)
# Update running std
self.running_std *= self.momentum
ca.multiply(self._tmp_batch_inv_std, 1 - self.momentum, tmp)
self.running_std += tmp
elif self.phase == 'test':
ca.subtract(self.x.out, self.running_mean, self.out)
self.out *= self.running_std
else:
raise ValueError('Invalid phase: %s' % self.phase)
if self.affine:
self.out *= self.gamma.array
self.out += self.beta.array
def bprop(self):
ca.multiply(self._tmp_batch_centered, self.grad_array,
self.x.grad_array)
tmp = ca.mean(ca.mean(self.x.grad_array, axis=0, keepdims=True),
axis=(2, 3), keepdims=True)
ca.multiply(self._tmp_batch_centered, tmp, self.x.grad_array)
self.x.grad_array *= -1
self.x.grad_array *= self._tmp_batch_inv_std
self.x.grad_array *= self._tmp_batch_inv_std
tmp = ca.mean(ca.mean(self.grad_array, axis=0, keepdims=True),
axis=(2, 3), keepdims=True)
self.x.grad_array += self.grad_array
self.x.grad_array -= tmp
self.x.grad_array *= self._tmp_batch_inv_std
if self.affine:
self.x.grad_array *= self.gamma.array
# Normalized input
self._tmp_batch_centered *= self._tmp_batch_inv_std
self._tmp_batch_centered *= self.grad_array
ca.sum(ca.sum(self._tmp_batch_centered, axis=(2, 3),
keepdims=True), axis=0, keepdims=True,
out=self.gamma.grad_array)
ca.sum(ca.sum(self.grad_array, axis=(2, 3), keepdims=True), axis=0,
keepdims=True, out=self.beta.grad_array)
def monitor(self):
if not self._monitor:
return
val_mean_abs = np.array(ca.mean(ca.fabs(self._array)))
grad_mean_abs = np.array(ca.mean(ca.fabs(self._tmp_grad_array)))
step_mean_abs = np.array(ca.mean(ca.fabs(self._tmp_step)))
log.info('%s:\t%.1e [%.1e, %.1e]', self.name, val_mean_abs,
grad_mean_abs, step_mean_abs)
def monitor(self):
for param, step in zip(self.params, self.steps):
if param.monitor:
val_mean_abs = np.array(ca.mean(ca.fabs(param.values)))
grad_mean_abs = np.array(ca.mean(ca.fabs(param.grad())))
step_mean_abs = np.array(ca.mean(ca.fabs(step)))
logger.info('%s:\t%.1e [%.1e, %.1e]'
% (param.name, val_mean_abs, grad_mean_abs,
step_mean_abs))
def monitor(self):
for param, step in zip(self.params, self.steps):
if param.monitor:
val_mean_abs = np.array(ca.mean(ca.fabs(param.values)))
grad_mean_abs = np.array(ca.mean(ca.fabs(param.grad())))
step_mean_abs = np.array(ca.mean(ca.fabs(step)))
logger.info(
'%s:\t%.1e [%.1e, %.1e]' %
(param.name, val_mean_abs, grad_mean_abs, step_mean_abs))
def train_epoch(self):
batch_losses = []
for batch in self.feed.batches():
loss = np.array(ca.mean(self.model.update(*batch)))
for param, state in zip(self.params, self.learn_rule_states):
self.learn_rule.step(param, state)
batch_losses.append(loss)
epoch_loss = np.mean(batch_losses)
return epoch_loss
def train_epoch(self):
batch_losses = []
for batch in self.feed.batches():
loss = np.array(ca.mean(self.model.update(*batch)))
for param, state in zip(self.params, self.learn_rule_states):
self.learn_rule.step(param, state)
batch_losses.append(loss)
epoch_loss = np.mean(batch_losses)
return epoch_loss
def fprop(self):
if self.phase == 'train':
# Calculate batch mean
tmp = ca.mean(ca.mean(self.x.array, axis=0, keepdims=True),
axis=(2, 3), keepdims=True)
# Center input
ca.subtract(self.x.array, tmp, self._tmp_batch_centered)
# Update running mean
tmp *= 1 - self.momentum
self.running_mean *= self.momentum
self.running_mean += tmp
# Calculate batch variance
ca.power(self._tmp_batch_centered, 2, self.array)
ca.mean(ca.mean(self.array, axis=0, keepdims=True), axis=(2, 3),
keepdims=True, out=self._tmp_batch_inv_std)
# Calculate 1 / E([x - E(x)]^2)
self._tmp_batch_inv_std += self.eps
ca.sqrt(self._tmp_batch_inv_std, self._tmp_batch_inv_std)
ca.power(self._tmp_batch_inv_std, -1, self._tmp_batch_inv_std)
# Normalize input
ca.multiply(self._tmp_batch_centered, self._tmp_batch_inv_std,
self.array)
# Update running std
self.running_std *= self.momentum
ca.multiply(self._tmp_batch_inv_std, 1-self.momentum, tmp)
self.running_std += tmp
if self.noise_std > 0.0:
noise = ca.random.normal(scale=self.noise_std,
size=self.shape)
ca.add(self.array, noise, self.array)
elif self.phase == 'test':
ca.subtract(self.x.array, self.running_mean, self.array)
self.array *= self.running_std
else:
raise ValueError('Invalid phase: %s' % self.phase)
if self.affine:
self.array *= self.gamma.array
self.array += self.beta.array
def bprop(self):
ca.multiply(self._tmp_batch_centered, self.grad_array,
self.x.grad_array)
tmp = ca.mean(self.x.grad_array, axis=0, keepdims=True)
ca.multiply(self._tmp_batch_centered, tmp, self.x.grad_array)
self.x.grad_array *= -1
self.x.grad_array *= self._tmp_batch_inv_std
self.x.grad_array *= self._tmp_batch_inv_std
ca.mean(self.grad_array, axis=0, keepdims=True, out=tmp)
self.x.grad_array += self.grad_array
self.x.grad_array -= tmp
self.x.grad_array *= self._tmp_batch_inv_std
if self.affine:
self.x.grad_array *= self.gamma.array
# Normalized input
self._tmp_batch_centered *= self._tmp_batch_inv_std
self._tmp_batch_centered *= self.grad_array
ca.sum(self._tmp_batch_centered, axis=0, keepdims=True,
out=self.gamma.grad_array)
ca.sum(self.grad_array, axis=0, keepdims=True,
out=self.beta.grad_array)
def test_reduce():
a_np = np.random.normal(size=(1024, ))
a_ca = ca.array(a_np)
c_np = np.sum(a_np)
c_ca = ca.sum(a_ca)
print(np.allclose(c_np, np.array(c_ca)))
c_np = np.mean(a_np)
c_ca = ca.mean(a_ca)
print(np.allclose(c_np, np.array(c_ca)))
a_np = np.random.normal(size=(5, 5))
a_ca = ca.array(a_np)
c_np = np.sum(a_np)
c_ca = ca.sum(a_ca)
print(np.allclose(c_np, np.array(c_ca)))
c_np = np.sum(a_np, axis=0)
c_ca = ca.sum(a_ca, axis=0)
print(np.allclose(c_np, np.array(c_ca)))
c_np = np.sum(a_np, axis=1)
c_ca = ca.sum(a_ca, axis=1)
print(np.allclose(c_np, np.array(c_ca)))
a_np = np.random.normal(size=(5, 7, 11))
a_ca = ca.array(a_np)
c_np = np.sum(a_np, axis=0)
c_ca = ca.sum(a_ca, axis=0)
print(np.allclose(c_np, np.array(c_ca)))
c_np = np.sum(a_np, axis=2)
c_ca = ca.sum(a_ca, axis=2)
print(np.allclose(c_np, np.array(c_ca)))
c_np = np.sum(a_np, axis=(0, 1))
c_ca = ca.sum(a_ca, axis=(0, 1))
print(np.allclose(c_np, np.array(c_ca)))
c_np = np.sum(a_np, axis=(1, 2))
c_ca = ca.sum(a_ca, axis=(1, 2))
print(np.allclose(c_np, np.array(c_ca)))
c_np = np.argmin(a_np, axis=0)
c_ca = ca.argmin(a_ca, axis=0)
print(np.allclose(c_np, np.array(c_ca)))
c_np = np.argmin(a_np, axis=2)
c_ca = ca.argmin(a_ca, axis=2)
print(np.allclose(c_np, np.array(c_ca)))
def test_reduce():
a_np = np.random.normal(size=(1024,))
a_ca = ca.array(a_np)
c_np = np.sum(a_np)
c_ca = ca.sum(a_ca)
print(np.allclose(c_np, np.array(c_ca)))
c_np = np.mean(a_np)
c_ca = ca.mean(a_ca)
print(np.allclose(c_np, np.array(c_ca)))
a_np = np.random.normal(size=(5, 5))
a_ca = ca.array(a_np)
c_np = np.sum(a_np)
c_ca = ca.sum(a_ca)
print(np.allclose(c_np, np.array(c_ca)))
c_np = np.sum(a_np, axis=0)
c_ca = ca.sum(a_ca, axis=0)
print(np.allclose(c_np, np.array(c_ca)))
c_np = np.sum(a_np, axis=1)
c_ca = ca.sum(a_ca, axis=1)
print(np.allclose(c_np, np.array(c_ca)))
a_np = np.random.normal(size=(5, 7, 11))
a_ca = ca.array(a_np)
c_np = np.sum(a_np, axis=0)
c_ca = ca.sum(a_ca, axis=0)
print(np.allclose(c_np, np.array(c_ca)))
c_np = np.sum(a_np, axis=2)
c_ca = ca.sum(a_ca, axis=2)
print(np.allclose(c_np, np.array(c_ca)))
c_np = np.sum(a_np, axis=(0, 1))
c_ca = ca.sum(a_ca, axis=(0, 1))
print(np.allclose(c_np, np.array(c_ca)))
c_np = np.sum(a_np, axis=(1, 2))
c_ca = ca.sum(a_ca, axis=(1, 2))
print(np.allclose(c_np, np.array(c_ca)))
c_np = np.argmin(a_np, axis=0)
c_ca = ca.argmin(a_ca, axis=0)
print(np.allclose(c_np, np.array(c_ca)))
c_np = np.argmin(a_np, axis=2)
c_ca = ca.argmin(a_ca, axis=2)
print(np.allclose(c_np, np.array(c_ca)))
def train(self, model, input, error_fun=None):
input = Input.from_any(input)
model.setup(**input.shapes)
params = [p for p in model.params
if not isinstance(p, SharedParameter)]
self.learn_rule.learn_rate /= input.batch_size
learn_rule_states = [self.learn_rule.init_state(p) for p in params]
n_params = np.sum([p.array.size for p in params])
log.info('SGD: Model contains %i parameters.', n_params)
log.info('SGD: %d gradient updates per epoch.', input.epoch_size)
epoch = 0
converged = False
patience = self.min_epochs
best_score = np.inf
start_time = time.clock()
while epoch < self.max_epochs and not converged:
epoch += 1
batch_losses = []
for batch in input.batches():
loss = np.array(ca.mean(model.update(**batch)))
batch_losses.append(loss)
# Update gradient
for param, state in zip(params, learn_rule_states):
self.learn_rule.step(param, state)
epoch_loss = np.mean(batch_losses)
if error_fun is not None:
error = error_fun()
if error < best_score:
improvement = error / best_score
if improvement < self.improvement_thresh:
# increase patience on significant improvement
patience = max(patience, epoch*self.patience_incr)
best_score = error
log.info('epoch %d/%d, loss %f, error %.4f', epoch,
patience, epoch_loss, error)
for param in params:
param.monitor()
if patience <= epoch:
log.info('SGD: Converged on validation set.')
converged = True
else:
if epoch_loss < best_score:
improvement = epoch_loss / best_score
if improvement < self.improvement_thresh:
# increase patience on significant improvement
patience = max(patience, epoch*self.patience_incr)
best_score = epoch_loss
log.info('epoch %d/%d, loss %f', epoch, patience, epoch_loss)
for param in params:
param.monitor()
if patience <= epoch:
log.info('SGD: Converged on training set.')
converged = True
end_time = time.clock()
if not converged:
log.info('SGD: Stopped by max_epochs.')
duration = float(end_time - start_time)
log.info('SGD: Optimization ran for %.2f minutes (%d epochs, '
'%.1f s/epoch)', duration/60, epoch, duration/epoch)
def fprop(self):
ca.mean(self.x.out, axis=self.axis, out=self.out,
keepdims=self.keepdims)
def train(self, model, input, valid_error_fun=None):
input = Input.from_any(input)
model._setup(input)
params = model._params
self.learn_rule._setup(params, input.batch_size)
n_params = np.sum([p.array.size for p in params])
logger.info("SGD: Model contains %i parameters." % n_params)
logger.info("SGD: %d mini-batch gradient updates per epoch." % input.n_batches)
epoch = 0
converged = False
patience = self.min_epochs
best_score = np.inf
start_time = time.clock()
while epoch < self.max_epochs and not converged:
epoch += 1
batch_costs = []
for batch in input.batches("train"):
cost = np.array(ca.mean(model._update(batch)))
batch_costs.append(cost)
# Update gradient
self.learn_rule.step()
epoch_cost = np.mean(batch_costs)
if valid_error_fun is not None:
val_error = valid_error_fun()
if val_error < best_score:
improvement = val_error / best_score
if improvement < self.improvement_thresh:
# increase patience on significant improvement
patience = max(patience, epoch * self.patience_incr)
best_score = val_error
logger.info(
"epoch %d/%d" % (epoch, patience) + ", cost %f" % epoch_cost + ", val_error %.4f" % val_error
)
for p in params:
p.monitor()
if patience <= epoch:
logger.info("SGD: Converged on validation set.")
converged = True
else:
if epoch_cost < best_score:
improvement = epoch_cost / best_score
if improvement < self.improvement_thresh:
# increase patience on significant improvement
patience = max(patience, epoch * self.patience_incr)
best_score = epoch_cost
logger.info("epoch %d/%d" % (epoch, patience) + ", cost %f" % epoch_cost)
for p in params:
p.monitor()
if patience <= epoch:
logger.info("SGD: Converged on training set.")
converged = True
end_time = time.clock()
if not converged:
logger.info("SGD: Stopped by max_epochs.")
duration = float(end_time - start_time)
logger.info(
"SGD: Optimization ran for %.2f minutes " % (duration / 60)
+ "(%d epochs, %.1f s/epoch)" % (epoch, duration / epoch)
)
def fprop(self):
ca.mean(self.x.out,
axis=self.axis,
out=self.out,
keepdims=self.keepdims)
def loss(self, y, y_pred):
y_pred = ca.maximum(y_pred, _FLT_MIN)
return -ca.mean(y*ca.log(y_pred) + (1 - y)*ca.log(1 - y_pred), axis=1)
def loss(self, pred, target):
return ca.mean((target - pred) ** 2, axis=1)
def loss(self, y, y_pred):
return ca.mean((y - y_pred)**2, axis=1)
def loss(self, y, y_pred):
return ca.mean((y-y_pred)**2, axis=1)
def loss(self, y, y_pred):
return ca.mean(-ca.sum(y*ca.log(y_pred+self.eps) +
(1-y) * ca.log(1-y_pred+self.eps), axis=1))
def loss(self, pred, target):
return ca.mean((target-pred)**2, axis=1)
def train(self, model, input, valid_error_fun=None):
input = to_input(input)
model._setup(input)
params = model._params()
self.learn_rule._setup(params, input.batch_size)
n_params = np.sum([p.array.size for p in params])
logger.info('SGD: Model contains %i parameters.' % n_params)
logger.info('SGD: %d mini-batch gradient updates per epoch.'
% input.n_batches)
epoch = 0
converged = False
patience = self.min_epochs
best_score = np.inf
start_time = time.clock()
while epoch < self.max_epochs and not converged:
epoch += 1
batch_costs = []
for batch in input.supervised_batches():
cost = np.array(ca.mean(model._update(batch)))
batch_costs.append(cost)
# Update gradient
self.learn_rule.step()
epoch_cost = np.mean(batch_costs)
if valid_error_fun is not None:
val_error = valid_error_fun()
if val_error < best_score:
improvement = val_error / best_score
if improvement < self.improvement_thresh:
# increase patience on significant improvement
patience = max(patience, epoch*self.patience_incr)
best_score = val_error
logger.info('epoch %d/%d' % (epoch, patience)
+ ', cost %f' % epoch_cost
+ ', val_error %.4f' % val_error)
self.learn_rule.monitor()
if patience <= epoch:
logger.info('SGD: Converged on validation set.')
converged = True
else:
if epoch_cost < best_score:
improvement = epoch_cost / best_score
if improvement < self.improvement_thresh:
# increase patience on significant improvement
patience = max(patience, epoch*self.patience_incr)
best_score = epoch_cost
logger.info('epoch %d/%d' % (epoch, patience)
+ ', cost %f' % epoch_cost)
self.learn_rule.monitor()
if patience <= epoch:
logger.info('SGD: Converged on training set.')
converged = True
end_time = time.clock()
if not converged:
logger.info('SGD: Stopped by max_epochs.')
duration = float(end_time - start_time)
logger.info('SGD: Optimization ran for %.2f minutes ' % (duration/60)
+ '(%d epochs, %.1f s/epoch)' % (epoch, duration/epoch))
def loss(self, pred, target):
pred = ca.maximum(pred, _FLT_MIN)
return -ca.mean(target*ca.log(pred) + (1 - target)*ca.log(1 - pred),
axis=1)
def fprop(self):
ca.mean(self.x.array, axis=self.axis, out=self.array,
keepdims=self.keepdims)
