def calculate_LM_loss(self, sequence):
# Renew the computation graph
dy.renew_cg()
# Initialize the RNN
f_init = self.RNN.initial_state()
# Initialize the parameters
W_exp = dy.parameter(self.W_sm)
b_exp = dy.parameter(self.b_sm)
# Get the ids for ICD codes
wids = [self.vw.w2i[w] for w in sequence]
#print wids
#print wids[0]
#print dy.lookup(self.lookup, wids[0])
# Start the RNN
s = f_init.add_input(dy.lookup(self.lookup, wids[-1]))
# Feed the vectors into the RNN and predict the next code
losses = []
for wid in wids:
score = W_exp * s.output() + b_exp
loss = dy.pickneglogsoftmax(score, wid)
losses.append(loss)
s = s.add_input(self.lookup[wid])
return dy.esum(losses)
def build_tagging_graph_lvl1(words, tags, builders):
dy.renew_cg()
f_init, b_init = [b.initial_state() for b in builders]
wembs = [E[w] for w in words]
wembs = [dy.noise(we, 0.1) for we in wembs]
fw = [x.output() for x in f_init.add_inputs(wembs)]
bw = [x.output() for x in b_init.add_inputs(reversed(wembs))]
# fw_rnn_hidden_outs = [x.value() for x in fw]
# bw_rnn_hidden_outs = [x.value() for x in bw]
# print ("Transducing")
# fw_rnn_hidden_outs = f_init.transduce(wembs)
# bw_rnn_hidden_outs = b_init.transduce(reversed(wembs))
if MLP:
H = dy.parameter(pH)
O = dy.parameter(pO)
else:
O = dy.parameter(pO)
errs = []
for f, b, t in zip(fw, reversed(bw), tags):
f_b = dy.concatenate([f, b])
if MLP:
r_t = O * (dy.tanh(H * f_b))
else:
r_t = O * f_b
err = dy.pickneglogsoftmax(r_t, t)
errs.append(err)
return {'err': dy.esum(errs), 'fw': fw, 'bw': bw}
def softmax(
edges,
labels_exprs,
label_dict, # type: Dictionary
is_train):
labeled_edges = []
loss = dn.scalarInput(0.0)
for edge, r_scores_expr in zip(edges, labels_exprs):
head, label, modifier = edge
if head == 0:
if not is_train:
labeled_edges.append(
graph_utils.Edge(edge.source, "ROOT", edge.target))
continue
if is_train:
gold_label_index = label_dict.word_to_int[label]
loss += dn.pickneglogsoftmax(r_scores_expr, gold_label_index)
else:
label_index = np.argmax(r_scores_expr.value())
label = label_dict.int_to_word[label_index]
labeled_edges.append(
graph_utils.Edge(edge.source, label, edge.target))
if is_train:
return loss
else:
return labeled_edges
def trainAlgo(train_tokens, train_labels, num_epochs, num_batches_training,
batch_size, w2i, embedding_parameters, pW, pb, modelPath,
RNN_unit, trainer, RNN_model):
# i = epoch index
# j = batch index
# k = sentence index (inside batch j)
# l = token index (inside sentence k)
epoch_losses = []
overall_accuracies = []
sentence_accuracies = []
start_train_time = time.clock()
for i in range(num_epochs):
epoch_loss = []
print("Starting epoch: " + str(i + 1))
start_epoch_time = time.clock()
for j in range(num_batches_training):
# begin a clean computational graph
dy.renew_cg()
# build the batch
batch_tokens = train_tokens[j * batch_size:(j + 1) * batch_size]
batch_labels = train_labels[j * batch_size:(j + 1) * batch_size]
# iterate through the batch
for k in range(len(batch_tokens)):
# prepare input: words to indexes
seq_of_idxs = words2indexes(batch_tokens[k], w2i)
# make a forward pass
preds = forward_pass(seq_of_idxs, embedding_parameters, pW, pb,
RNN_unit)
# calculate loss for each token in each example
loss = [
dy.pickneglogsoftmax(preds[l], batch_labels[k][l])
for l in range(len(preds))
]
# sum the loss for each token
sent_loss = dy.esum(loss)
# backpropogate the loss for the sentence
sent_loss.backward()
trainer.update()
epoch_loss.append(sent_loss.npvalue())
# print("epoch: " + str(i+1) + " batch: " + str(j+1) + " loss: " + str(np.average(epoch_loss)) + "\r")
# record epoch loss
epoch_losses.append(np.sum(epoch_loss))
print("Train loss after epoch: " + str(i + 1) + " loss: " +
str(np.average(epoch_loss)))
print("Epoch " + str(i + 1) + " Time Taken: " +
str(time.clock() - start_epoch_time))
# get accuracy on test set
# # print("Train loss after epoch {}".format(i + 1))
# epoch_predictions = test(train_tokens, train_labels, num_batches_training, w2i, embedding_parameters, pW, pb)
# epoch_overall_accuracy, epoch_sentence_accuracy = evaluate(epoch_predictions, train_labels)
# overall_accuracies.append(epoch_overall_accuracy)
# sentence_accuracies.append(epoch_sentence_accuracy)
print("Training Completed. Time taken: " +
str(time.clock() - start_train_time))
print("Saving model in " + str(modelPath))
RNN_model.save(modelPath)
print("Done!")
def Train(instances, itercount):
dy.renew_cg()
ontoparser.initialize_graph_nodes(train=True)
loss = []
errors = 0.0
for instance in instances:
fexpr, sexpr, groundtruth = instance
# context insensitive embeddings or local embeddings
subtype = [sb.lower()
for sb in fexpr.split()] #if sb.lower() not in stop]
supertype = [sp.lower()
for sp in sexpr.split()] #if sp.lower() not in stop]
fembs, DSTATUS_X = ontoparser.get_linear_embd(subtype)
sembs, DSTATUS_Y = ontoparser.get_linear_embd(supertype)
#if (DSTATUS_X is False) or (DSTATUS_Y is False): continue
fembs = fembs[0] if len(fembs) == 1 else dy.average(fembs)
sembs = sembs[0] if len(sembs) == 1 else dy.average(sembs)
x = dy.concatenate([fembs, sembs])
#e_dist = dy.squared_distance(fembs, sembs)
e_dist = 1 - distance.cosine(fembs.npvalue(), sembs.npvalue())
#weighted_x = x * e_dist
output = ontoparser.W2 * (dy.rectify(ontoparser.W1 * x) +
ontoparser.b1) + ontoparser.b2
prediction = np.argmax(output.npvalue())
loss.append(
dy.pickneglogsoftmax(output, ontoparser.meta.tdmaps[groundtruth]))
#if ((ontoparser.meta.rmaps[prediction] == "Hypernym") and ("Hypernym" != groundtruth)) and (e_dist < 0.5):
# loss[-1] += -log(0.6)
errors += 0 if groundtruth == ontoparser.meta.rmaps[prediction] else 1
return loss, errors
def build_tagging_graph_lvl2(embeds, words, tags, builders):
# dy.renew_cg()
f_init, b_init = [b.initial_state() for b in builders]
# wembs = [E[w] for w in words]
# wembs = [dy.noise(we,0.1) for we in wembs]
fw = [x.output() for x in f_init.add_inputs(embeds)]
bw = [x.output() for x in b_init.add_inputs(reversed(embeds))]
# fw = [x.output() for x in f_init.add_inputs(wembs)]
# bw = [x.output() for x in b_init.add_inputs(reversed(wembs))]
# fw = f_init.transduce(embeds)
# bw = b_init.transduce(reversed(embeds))
if MLP:
H = dy.parameter(pH)
O = dy.parameter(pO)
else:
O = dy.parameter(pO)
errs = []
for f, b, t in zip(fw, reversed(bw), tags):
f_b = dy.concatenate([f, b])
if MLP:
r_t = O * (dy.tanh(H * f_b))
else:
r_t = O * f_b
err = dy.pickneglogsoftmax(r_t, t)
errs.append(err)
return dy.esum(errs)
def calc_lm_loss(sent):
dy.renew_cg()
# parameters -> expressions
W_exp = dy.parameter(W_sm)
b_exp = dy.parameter(b_sm)
# initialize the RNN
f_init = RNN.initial_state()
# get the word ids
wids = [vw.w2i[w] for w in sent]
# start the rnn by inputting "<s>"
s = f_init.add_input(WORDS_LOOKUP[wids[-1]])
# feed word vectors into the RNN and predict the next word
losses = []
for wid in wids:
# calculate the softmax and loss
score = W_exp * s.output() + b_exp
loss = dy.pickneglogsoftmax(score, wid)
losses.append(loss)
# update the state of the RNN
s = s.add_input(WORDS_LOOKUP[wid])
return dy.esum(losses)
def decode_to_loss(self, vectors, output):
w = dy.parameter(self.w_softmax)
b = dy.parameter(self.b_softmax)
w1 = dy.parameter(self.attention_source)
output = list(output)
encoded_states = dy.concatenate_cols(vectors)
prev_output_embeddings = self.target_lookup[self.eos_target]
current_state = self.decoder.initial_state().add_input(
dy.concatenate(
[dy.vecInput(self.hidden_size * 2), prev_output_embeddings]))
losses = []
attentional_component = w1 * encoded_states
for next_word in output:
vector = dy.concatenate([
self.attention(encoded_states, current_state,
attentional_component), prev_output_embeddings
])
current_state = current_state.add_input(vector)
s = dy.affine_transform([b, w, current_state.output()])
item_loss = dy.pickneglogsoftmax(s, next_word)
losses.append(item_loss)
prev_output_embeddings = self.target_lookup[next_word]
loss = dy.esum(losses)
return loss
def sent_loss_precalc(words, tags, vecs):
errs = []
for v, t in zip(vecs, tags):
tid = vt.w2i[t]
err = dy.pickneglogsoftmax(v, tid)
errs.append(err)
return dy.esum(errs)
def encode(self, instance, wids):
dy.renew_cg()
W_y = dy.parameter(self.W_y)
b_y = dy.parameter(self.b_y)
# print "chceking wids here",wids["about"]
src_sent = instance.split()
#print "printing src sentnce length", len(src_sent)
losses = []
total_words = 0
# Encoder
enc_state = self.enc_builder.initial_state()
for current_word in src_sent:
state = enc_state.add_input(self.src_lookup[wids[current_word]])
encoded = (W_y * state.output()) + b_y
dec_state = self.dec_builder.initial_state()
dec_state = self.dec_builder.initial_state(encoded)
errs = []
# Calculate losses for decoding
for (cw, nw) in zip(src_sent, src_sent[1:]):
dec_state = dec_state.add_input(
self.tgt_lookup[wids[current_word]])
decoded = dec_state.output()
ystar = (W_y * dec_state.output()) + b_y
print "current word is >>>>>>>", cw
print "next word shud be", nw
#loss = dy.pickneglogsoftmax(ystar, wids[nw])
for wid in wids:
loss = dy.pickneglogsoftmax(ystar, wids[wid])
print "Loss for ", wid, " w.r.t ", nw, " is ", loss.value()
def build_nnlm_graph(self, dictionary):
dy.renew_cg()
M = self.model.add_lookup_parameters((len(self.wids), self.EMB_SIZE))
W_mh = self.model.add_parameters(
(self.HID_SIZE, self.EMB_SIZE * (self.N - 1)))
b_hh = self.model.add_parameters((self.HID_SIZE))
W_hs = self.model.add_parameters((len(self.wids), self.HID_SIZE))
b_s = self.model.add_parameters((len(self.wids)))
w_xh = dy.parameter(W_mh)
b_h = dy.parameter(b_hh)
W_hy = dy.parameter(W_hs)
b_y = dy.parameter(b_s)
errs = []
for context, next_word in dictionary:
#print context, next_word
k = M[self.wids[context.split()[0]]]
kk = M[self.wids[context.split()[1]]]
#print k , kk
#print k.value()
x = k.value() + kk.value()
#print x
h_val = dy.tanh(w_xh * dy.inputVector(x) + b_h)
y_val = W_hy * h_val + b_y
err = dy.pickneglogsoftmax(y_val, self.wids[next_word])
errs.append(err)
gen_err = dy.esum(errs)
return gen_err
def sent_loss(self, words, tags, ltags):
self.eval = False
vecs = self.build_tagging_graph(words, ltags)
for v, t in zip(vecs, tags):
tid = self.meta.t2i[t]
err = dy.pickneglogsoftmax(v, tid)
self.loss.append(err)
def calc_loss(sent):
dy.renew_cg()
# Transduce all batch elements with an LSTM
src = sent[0]
trg = sent[1]
#initialize the LSTM
init_state_src = LSTM_SRC_BUILDER.initial_state()
#get the output of the first LSTM
src_output = init_state_src.add_inputs([LOOKUP_SRC[x]
for x in src])[-1].output()
#now step through the output sentence
all_losses = []
current_state = LSTM_TRG_BUILDER.initial_state().set_s(
[src_output, dy.tanh(src_output)])
prev_word = trg[0]
W_sm = dy.parameter(W_sm_p)
b_sm = dy.parameter(b_sm_p)
for next_word in trg[1:]:
#feed the current state into the
current_state = current_state.add_input(LOOKUP_TRG[prev_word])
output_embedding = current_state.output()
s = dy.affine_transform([b_sm, W_sm, output_embedding])
all_losses.append(dy.pickneglogsoftmax(s, next_word))
prev_word = next_word
return dy.esum(all_losses)
def train():
# i = epoch index
# j = batch index
# k = sentence index (inside batch j)
# l = token index (inside sentence k)
for i in range(num_epochs):
random.seed(i+100)
random.shuffle(train_tokens)
random.seed(i+100)
random.shuffle(train_labels)
for j in range(num_batches_training):
# begin a clean computational graph
dy.renew_cg()
# build the batch
batch_tokens = train_tokens[j*batch_size:(j+1)*batch_size]
batch_labels = train_labels[j*batch_size:(j+1)*batch_size]
# iterate through the batch
for k in range(len(batch_tokens)):
# prepare input: words to indexes
seq_of_idxs = words2indexes(batch_tokens[k], w2i)
# make a forward pass
preds = forward_pass(seq_of_idxs)
# calculate loss for each token in each example
loss = [dy.pickneglogsoftmax(preds[l], batch_labels[k][l]) for l in range(len(preds))]
# sum the loss for each token
sent_loss = dy.esum(loss)
# backpropogate the loss for the sentence
sent_loss.backward()
trainer.update()
def decode(self, states, y, encoded_input, train=False):
def sample(probs):
return np.argmax(probs)
s = self.decoder_rnn.initial_state()
start_encoded = self.l2e["sep"].encode("<s>")
out = []
loss = dy.scalarInput(0.)
#s = s.add_input(states[-1]) #s.add_input(dy.concatenate([start_encoded, states[-1]]))
s = s.add_input(dy.concatenate([start_encoded, states[-1]]))
generated_string = []
for char in y:
true_char_encoded = self.l2e["l"].encode(char)
scores = self.predict_letter(s.output())
generated_string.append(scores)
weighted_states = self.attend(s.output(), states, encoded_input)
#s = s.add_input(weighted_states) #s.add_input(dy.concatenate([true_char_encoded, weighted_states]))
s = s.add_input(
dy.concatenate([true_char_encoded, weighted_states]))
if char in self.C2I:
loss += dy.pickneglogsoftmax(scores, self.C2I[char])
return loss, generated_string
def calc_loss(sent):
dy.renew_cg()
# Transduce all batch elements with an LSTM
src = sent[0]
trg = sent[1]
#initialize the LSTM
init_state_src = LSTM_SRC_BUILDER.initial_state()
#get the output of the first LSTM
src_output = init_state_src.add_inputs([LOOKUP_SRC[x] for x in src])[-1].output()
#now step through the output sentence
all_losses = []
current_state = LSTM_TRG_BUILDER.initial_state().set_s([src_output, dy.tanh(src_output)])
prev_word = trg[0]
W_sm = dy.parameter(W_sm_p)
b_sm = dy.parameter(b_sm_p)
for next_word in trg[1:]:
#feed the current state into the
current_state = current_state.add_input(LOOKUP_TRG[prev_word])
output_embedding = current_state.output()
s = dy.affine_transform([b_sm, W_sm, output_embedding])
all_losses.append(dy.pickneglogsoftmax(s, next_word))
prev_word = next_word
return dy.esum(all_losses)
def train_sentence(self, words, word_idxs):
dy.renew_cg()
forward_init, backward_init = [
b.initial_state() for b in self.builders
]
embed_words = words.tensor
# entities = words.ents
forward = forward_init.transduce(embed_words)
backward = backward_init.transduce(reversed(embed_words))
errors = []
encodings = []
good = bad = 0.0
for f, b, tag in zip(forward, backward, word_idxs):
r_t = self(dy.concatenate([f, b]))
temp_val = dy.softmax(r_t).value()
chosen = np.argmax(temp_val)
encodings.append(temp_val)
good += 1 if chosen == tag else 0
bad += 1 if chosen != tag else 0
error = dy.pickneglogsoftmax(r_t, tag)
errors.append(error)
sum_errors = dy.esum(errors)
loss = sum_errors.scalar_value()
sum_errors.backward()
self.trainer.update()
accuracy = 100 * (good / (good + bad))
print(str(accuracy), str(loss))
return encodings
def calc_lm_loss(sent):
dy.renew_cg()
# parameters -> expressions
W_exp = dy.parameter(W_sm)
b_exp = dy.parameter(b_sm)
# initialize the RNN
f_init = RNN.initial_state()
# get the wids and masks for each step
tot_words = len(sent)
# start the rnn by inputting "<s>"
s = f_init.add_input(WORDS_LOOKUP[S])
# feed word vectors into the RNN and predict the next word
losses = []
for wid in sent:
# calculate the softmax and loss
score = W_exp * s.output() + b_exp
loss = dy.pickneglogsoftmax(score, wid)
losses.append(loss)
# update the state of the RNN
wemb = WORDS_LOOKUP[wid]
s = s.add_input(wemb)
return dy.esum(losses), tot_words
def Train(sentence, epoch, dynamic=True):
parser.eval = False
if parser.meta.palgo in ['standard', 'swap']:
configuration = Configuration(sentence, standard=True)
else:
configuration = Configuration(sentence)
pr_bi_exps, pos_errs = parser.feature_extraction(sentence[1:-1])
while not parser.transitionSystem.inFinalState(configuration):
xo = parser.predict(configuration, pr_bi_exps)
if parser.meta.palgo in ['swap', 'standard']: # Static Oracle
goldTransitionFunc, goldLabel = parser.transitionSystem.LabelledAction(configuration)
goldTransition = goldTransitionFunc.__name__
parser.loss.append(dy.pickneglogsoftmax(xo, parser.meta.td2i[(goldTransition, goldLabel)]))
goldTransitionFunc(configuration, goldLabel)
else: # Dynamic Oracle
output_probs = dy.softmax(xo).npvalue()
ranked_actions = sorted(zip(output_probs, range(len(output_probs))), reverse=True)
pscore, paction = ranked_actions[0]
#{0: <bound method arceager.SHIFT>}
validTransitions, allmoves = parser.transitionSystem.get_valid_transitions(configuration)
while parser.transitionSystem.action_cost(\
configuration, parser.meta.i2td[paction], parser.meta.transitions, validTransitions) > 500:
ranked_actions = ranked_actions[1:]
pscore, paction = ranked_actions[0]
gaction = None
for i,(score, ltrans) in enumerate(ranked_actions):
cost = parser.transitionSystem.action_cost(\
configuration, parser.meta.i2td[ltrans], parser.meta.transitions, validTransitions)
if cost == 0:
gaction = ltrans
need_update = (i > 0)
break
gtransitionstr, goldLabel = parser.meta.i2td[gaction]
ptransitionstr, predictedLabel = parser.meta.i2td[paction]
if dynamic and (epoch > 2) and (np.random.random() < 0.9):
predictedTransitionFunc = allmoves[parser.meta.transitions[ptransitionstr]]
predictedTransitionFunc(configuration, predictedLabel)
else:
goldTransitionFunc = allmoves[parser.meta.transitions[gtransitionstr]]
goldTransitionFunc(configuration, goldLabel)
parser.loss.append(dy.pickneglogsoftmax(xo, parser.meta.td2i[(gtransitionstr, goldLabel)])) #NOTE original
parser.loss.extend(pos_errs)
def calc_loss(words, tags, holder):
vecs = build_graph(words, holder)
losses = []
for v, t in zip(vecs, tags):
tid = holder.tag2index[t]
loss = dy.pickneglogsoftmax(v, tid)
losses.append(loss)
return dy.esum(losses)
def get_loss(self, sentence):
scores = self.propogate(sentence)
errs = []
for i, score in enumerate(scores):
root_err = dy.pickneglogsoftmax(score, 0)
errs.append(root_err)
return dy.esum(errs)
def sent_loss(words, tags):
vecs = build_tagging_graph(words)
errs = []
for v,t in zip(vecs,tags):
tid = vt.w2i[t]
err = dy.pickneglogsoftmax(v, tid)
errs.append(err)
return dy.esum(errs)
def create_network_return_loss(self,
inputs,
expected_output,
dropout=False):
out = self(inputs, dropout)
loss = dy.pickneglogsoftmax(out, expected_output)
# loss = -dy.log(dy.pick(out, expected_output))
return loss
def sent_loss(words, tags):
vecs = build_tagging_graph(words)
losses = []
for v, t in zip(vecs, tags):
tid = vt.w2i[t]
loss = dy.pickneglogsoftmax(v, tid) # cross entropy loss
losses.append(loss)
return dy.esum(losses) # esum is max pooling?
def calc_loss(self, context, ref_action):
scores = self.get_scores(context)
# single mode
if not Batcher.is_batched(ref_action):
return dy.pickneglogsoftmax(scores, ref_action)
# minibatch mode
else:
return dy.pickneglogsoftmax_batch(scores, ref_action)
def sent_loss(words, tags):
vecs = build_tagging_graph(words)
errs = []
for v,t in zip(vecs,tags):
tid = vt.w2i[t]
err = dy.pickneglogsoftmax(v, tid)
errs.append(err)
return dy.esum(errs)
def calc_loss(sent):
dy.renew_cg()
# Transduce all batch elements with an LSTM
src = sent[0]
trg = sent[1]
# initialize the LSTM
init_state_src = LSTM_SRC_BUILDER.initial_state()
# get the output of the first LSTM
src_output = init_state_src.add_inputs([LOOKUP_SRC[x]
for x in src])[-1].output()
# Now compute mean and standard deviation of source hidden state.
W_mean = dy.parameter(W_mean_p)
V_mean = dy.parameter(V_mean_p)
b_mean = dy.parameter(b_mean_p)
W_var = dy.parameter(W_var_p)
V_var = dy.parameter(V_var_p)
b_var = dy.parameter(b_var_p)
# The mean vector from the encoder.
mu = mlp(src_output, W_mean, V_mean, b_mean)
# This is the diagonal vector of the log co-variance matrix from the encoder
# (regard this as log variance is easier for furture implementation)
log_var = mlp(src_output, W_var, V_var, b_var)
# Compute KL[N(u(x), sigma(x)) || N(0, I)]
# 0.5 * sum(1 + log(sigma^2) - mu^2 - sigma^2)
kl_loss = -0.5 * dy.sum_elems(1 + log_var -
dy.pow(mu, dy.inputVector([2])) -
dy.exp(log_var))
z = reparameterize(mu, log_var)
# now step through the output sentence
all_losses = []
current_state = LSTM_TRG_BUILDER.initial_state().set_s([z, dy.tanh(z)])
prev_word = trg[0]
W_sm = dy.parameter(W_sm_p)
b_sm = dy.parameter(b_sm_p)
for next_word in trg[1:]:
# feed the current state into the
current_state = current_state.add_input(LOOKUP_TRG[prev_word])
output_embedding = current_state.output()
s = dy.affine_transform([b_sm, W_sm, output_embedding])
all_losses.append(dy.pickneglogsoftmax(s, next_word))
prev_word = next_word
softmax_loss = dy.esum(all_losses)
return kl_loss, softmax_loss
def train(self, epochs=30):
n = self.generator.get_train_size()
print "size of training set: ", n
print "Training..."
iteration = 0
losses = []
loss_avg = 0.
for i, batch in enumerate(self.generator.generate(mode="train")):
dy.renew_cg()
for j, training_example in enumerate(batch):
x, y, data_sample = training_example
preds = self._predict(x, training=True)
loss = dy.scalarInput(0.)
for agr, pred in zip(self.agreements, preds):
true_number = y[agr]
loss += dy.pickneglogsoftmax(pred, true_number)
losses.append(loss)
if iteration % n % 2500 == 0:
print "{}/{}".format(iteration % n, n)
iteration += 1
#stopping criteria
if iteration > epochs * n:
return
# report progress.
if iteration % n == 0:
print "EPOCH {} / {}".format(iteration / n, epochs)
print "Average loss: {}".format(loss_avg / n)
loss_avg = 0.
self.evaluate(mode="dev")
#self.collector.collect()
losses = []
if losses:
loss_sum = dy.esum(losses)
loss_sum.forward()
loss_sum.backward()
self.trainer.update()
loss_avg += loss_sum.value()
losses = []
def Train(sentence, epoch, dynamic=True):
loss = []
totalError = 0
parser.eval = False
configuration = Configuration(sentence)
pr_bi_exps, pos_errs = parser.feature_extraction(sentence[1:-1])
while not parser.isFinalState(configuration):
rfeatures = parser.basefeaturesEager(configuration.nodes,
configuration.stack,
configuration.b0)
xi = dy.concatenate([
pr_bi_exps[id - 1] if id > 0 else parser.pad
for id, rform in rfeatures
])
xh = parser.pr_W1 * xi
xh = dy.rectify(xh) + parser.pr_b1
xo = parser.pr_W2 * xh + parser.pr_b2
output_probs = dy.softmax(xo).npvalue()
ranked_actions = sorted(zip(output_probs, range(len(output_probs))),
reverse=True)
pscore, paction = ranked_actions[0]
validTransitions, allmoves = parser.get_valid_transitions(
configuration) #{0: <bound method arceager.SHIFT>}
while parser.action_cost(configuration, parser.meta.i2td[paction],
parser.meta.transitions,
validTransitions) > 500:
ranked_actions = ranked_actions[1:]
pscore, paction = ranked_actions[0]
gaction = None
for i, (score, ltrans) in enumerate(ranked_actions):
cost = parser.action_cost(configuration, parser.meta.i2td[ltrans],
parser.meta.transitions,
validTransitions)
if cost == 0:
gaction = ltrans
need_update = (i > 0)
break
gtransitionstr, goldLabel = parser.meta.i2td[gaction]
ptransitionstr, predictedLabel = parser.meta.i2td[paction]
if dynamic and (epoch > 2) and (np.random.random() < 0.9):
predictedTransitionFunc = allmoves[
parser.meta.transitions[ptransitionstr]]
predictedTransitionFunc(configuration, predictedLabel)
else:
goldTransitionFunc = allmoves[
parser.meta.transitions[gtransitionstr]]
goldTransitionFunc(configuration, goldLabel)
loss.append(
dy.pickneglogsoftmax(
xo,
parser.meta.td2i[(gtransitionstr, goldLabel)])) #NOTE original
if need_update: totalError += 1
return dy.esum(loss) + dy.esum(pos_errs), totalError
def train(self, train_file, epochs):
loss_values = []
for i in range(epochs):
print 'started epoch', (i + 1)
losses = []
train_data = open(train_file, 'r').read().strip().split('\n')
# shuffle the training data.
random.shuffle(train_data)
step = 0
for line in train_data:
fields = line.strip().split(' ')
# label here means action y, lazy to modify original start code
features, label = fields[:-1], fields[-1]
gold_label = self.vocab.action2id(label)
result = self.build_graph(features)
# getting loss with respect to negative log softmax function and the gold label.
loss = dynet.pickneglogsoftmax(result, gold_label)
# appending to the minibatch losses
losses.append(loss)
step += 1
if len(losses) >= self.properties.minibatch_size:
# now we have enough loss values to get loss for minibatch
minibatch_loss = dynet.esum(losses) / len(losses)
# calling dynet to run forward computation for all minibatch items
minibatch_loss.forward()
# getting float value of the loss for current minibatch
minibatch_loss_value = minibatch_loss.value()
# printing info and plotting
loss_values.append(minibatch_loss_value)
if len(loss_values) % 10 == 0:
progress = round(100 * float(step) / len(train_data),
2)
print 'current minibatch loss', minibatch_loss_value, 'progress:', progress, '%'
# calling dynet to run backpropagation
minibatch_loss.backward()
# calling dynet to change parameter values with respect to current backpropagation
self.updater.update()
# empty the loss vector
losses = []
# refresh the memory of dynet
dynet.renew_cg()
# there are still some minibatch items in the memory but they are smaller than the minibatch size
# so we ask dynet to forget them
dynet.renew_cg()
def _build_lm_graph(self, sent):
state = self.builder.initial_state()
errs = []
for (cw, nw) in zip(sent, sent[1:]):
emb = dy.lookup(self.embs, cw)
state = state.add_input(emb)
scores = self._get_scores(state)
errs.append(dy.pickneglogsoftmax(scores, nw))
return errs
def sent_loss(self, sent):
words, tags = map(list, zip(*sent))
vecs = self.build_tagging_graph(words)
errs = []
for v, t in zip(vecs, tags):
tid = self.vt.w2i[t]
err = dy.pickneglogsoftmax(v, tid)
errs.append(err)
return dy.esum(errs)
def calc_loss(sent):
dy.renew_cg()
# Transduce all batch elements with an LSTM
src = sent[0]
trg = sent[1]
# initialize the LSTM
init_state_src = LSTM_SRC_BUILDER.initial_state()
# get the output of the first LSTM
src_output = init_state_src.add_inputs([LOOKUP_SRC[x] for x in src])[-1].output()
# Now compute mean and standard deviation of source hidden state.
W_mean = dy.parameter(W_mean_p)
V_mean = dy.parameter(V_mean_p)
b_mean = dy.parameter(b_mean_p)
W_var = dy.parameter(W_var_p)
V_var = dy.parameter(V_var_p)
b_var = dy.parameter(b_var_p)
# The mean vector from the encoder.
mu = mlp(src_output, W_mean, V_mean, b_mean)
# This is the diagonal vector of the log co-variance matrix from the encoder
# (regard this as log variance is easier for furture implementation)
log_var = mlp(src_output, W_var, V_var, b_var)
# Compute KL[N(u(x), sigma(x)) || N(0, I)]
# 0.5 * sum(1 + log(sigma^2) - mu^2 - sigma^2)
kl_loss = -0.5 * dy.sum_elems(1 + log_var - dy.pow(mu, dy.inputVector([2])) - dy.exp(log_var))
z = reparameterize(mu, log_var)
# now step through the output sentence
all_losses = []
current_state = LSTM_TRG_BUILDER.initial_state().set_s([z, dy.tanh(z)])
prev_word = trg[0]
W_sm = dy.parameter(W_sm_p)
b_sm = dy.parameter(b_sm_p)
for next_word in trg[1:]:
# feed the current state into the
current_state = current_state.add_input(LOOKUP_TRG[prev_word])
output_embedding = current_state.output()
s = dy.affine_transform([b_sm, W_sm, output_embedding])
all_losses.append(dy.pickneglogsoftmax(s, next_word))
prev_word = next_word
softmax_loss = dy.esum(all_losses)
return kl_loss, softmax_loss
def transduce(seq,Y):
seq = [E[i] for i in seq]
fw = fwR.initial_state().transduce(seq)
# this UNUSED part affects strategy 2
XXX = fwR2.initial_state().transduce([E[3],E[5]])
W = W_.expr()
outs = [W*z for z in fw]
losses = [dy.pickneglogsoftmax(o,y) for o,y in zip(outs,Y)]
s = dy.esum(losses)
return s
def calc_sent_loss(sent):
# Create a computation graph
dy.renew_cg()
# The initial history is equal to end of sentence symbols
hist = [S] * N
# Step through the sentence, including the end of sentence token
all_losses = []
for next_word in sent + [S]:
s = calc_score_of_history(hist)
all_losses.append(dy.pickneglogsoftmax(s, next_word))
hist = hist[1:] + [next_word]
return dy.esum(all_losses)
def sent_lm_loss(self, sent):
rnn_cur = self.rnn.initial_state()
losses = []
prev_word = self.start
for word in sent:
x_t = self.embeddings[prev_word]
rnn_cur = rnn_cur.add_input(x_t)
logits = dy.affine_transform([self.lb,
self.h2l,
rnn_cur.output()])
losses.append(dy.pickneglogsoftmax(logits, word))
prev_word = word
return dy.esum(losses)
def BuildLMGraph(self, sent):
dy.renew_cg()
init_state = self.builder.initial_state()
errs = [] # will hold expressions
es=[]
state = init_state
inputs = [self.lookup[int(cw)] for cw in sent[:-1]]
expected_outputs = [int(nw) for nw in sent[1:]]
outputs = state.transduce(inputs)
r_ts = ((self.bias + (self.R * y_t)) for y_t in outputs)
errs = [dy.pickneglogsoftmax(r_t, eo) for r_t, eo in zip(r_ts, expected_outputs)]
nerr = dy.esum(errs)
return nerr
def calc_sent_loss(sent):
# Create a computation graph
dy.renew_cg()
#add padding to the sentence equal to the size of the window
#as we need to predict the eos as well, the future window at that point is N past it
padded_sent = [S] * N + sent + [S] * N
padded_emb = [W_c_p[x] for x in padded_sent]
# Step through the sentence
all_losses = []
for i in range(N,len(sent)+N):
c = dy.esum(padded_emb[i-N:i] + padded_emb[i+1:i+N+1])
s = W_w * c
all_losses.append(dy.pickneglogsoftmax(s, padded_sent[i]))
return dy.esum(all_losses)
def build_lm_graph(self, sent):
dy.renew_cg()
init_state = self.builder.initial_state()
errs = [] # will hold expressions
es=[]
state = init_state
for (cw,nw) in zip(sent,sent[1:]):
# assume word is already a word-id
x_t = dy.lookup(self.lookup, int(cw))
state = state.add_input(x_t)
y_t = state.output()
r_t = self.bias + (self.R * y_t)
err = dy.pickneglogsoftmax(r_t, int(nw))
errs.append(err)
nerr = dy.esum(errs)
return nerr
def calc_reinforce_loss(words, tags, delta):
dy.renew_cg()
# Transduce all batch elements with an LSTM
word_reps = LSTM.transduce([LOOKUP[x] for x in words])
# Softmax scores
W = dy.parameter(W_sm)
b = dy.parameter(b_sm)
#calculate the probability distribution
scores = [dy.affine_transform([b, W, x]) for x in word_reps]
losses = [dy.pickneglogsoftmax(score, tag) for score, tag in zip(scores, tags)]
probs = [-dy.exp(loss).as_array() for loss in losses]
#then take samples from the probability distribution
samples = [np.random.choice(range(len(x)), p=x) for x in probs]
#calculate accuracy=reward
correct = [sample == tag for sample, tag in zip(samples, tags)]
r_i = float(sum(correct))/len(correct)
r = dy.constant((1), r_i)
# Reward baseline for each word
W_bl = dy.parameter(W_bl_p)
b_bl = dy.parameter(b_bl_p)
r_b = [dy.affine_transform([b_bl, W_bl, dy.nobackprop(x)]) for x in word_reps]
#we need to take the value in order to break the computation graph
#as the reward portion is trained seperatley and not backpropogated through during the overall score
rewards_over_baseline = [(r - dy.nobackprop(x)) for x in r_b]
#the scores for training the baseline
baseline_scores = [dy.square(r - x) for x in r_b]
#then calculate the reinforce scores using reinforce
reinforce_scores = [r_s*score for r_s, score in zip(rewards_over_baseline, scores)]
#we want the first len(sent)-delta scores from xent then delta scores from reinforce
#for mixer
if len(scores) > delta:
mixer_scores = scores[:len(scores)-delta] + reinforce_scores[delta-1:]
else:
mixer_scores = reinforce_scores
return dy.esum(mixer_scores), dy.esum(baseline_scores)
def loss(self, input_, y):
if self.batched:
return dy.pickneglogsoftmax_batch(input_, y)
return dy.pickneglogsoftmax(input_, y)
def calc_loss(scores, tags):
losses = [dy.pickneglogsoftmax(score, tag) for score, tag in zip(scores, tags)]
return dy.esum(losses)
def train(self, train_file, epochs):
# matplotlib config
loss_values = []
plt.ion()
ax = plt.gca()
ax.set_xlim([0, 10])
ax.set_ylim([0, 3])
plt.title("Loss over time")
plt.xlabel("Minibatch")
plt.ylabel("Loss")
for i in range(epochs):
print('started epoch', (i+1))
losses = []
train_data = open(train_file, 'r').read().strip().split('\n')
# shuffle the training data.
random.shuffle(train_data)
step = 0
for line in train_data:
fields = line.strip().split()
features, label = fields[:-1], fields[-1]
gold_label = self.vocab.action2id(label)
result = self.build_graph(features)
# getting loss with respect to negative log softmax function and the gold label.
loss = dynet.pickneglogsoftmax(result, gold_label)
# appending to the minibatch losses
losses.append(loss)
step += 1
if len(losses) >= self.properties.minibatch_size:
# now we have enough loss values to get loss for minibatch
minibatch_loss = dynet.esum(losses) / len(losses)
# calling dynet to run forward computation for all minibatch items
minibatch_loss.forward()
# getting float value of the loss for current minibatch
minibatch_loss_value = minibatch_loss.value()
# printing info and plotting
loss_values.append(minibatch_loss_value)
if len(loss_values)%10==0:
ax.set_xlim([0, len(loss_values)+10])
ax.plot(loss_values)
plt.draw()
plt.pause(0.0001)
progress = round(100 * float(step) / len(train_data), 2)
print('current minibatch loss', minibatch_loss_value, 'progress:', progress, '%')
# calling dynet to run backpropagation
minibatch_loss.backward()
# calling dynet to change parameter values with respect to current backpropagation
self.updater.update()
# empty the loss vector
losses = []
# refresh the memory of dynet
dynet.renew_cg()
# there are still some minibatch items in the memory but they are smaller than the minibatch size
# so we ask dynet to forget them
dynet.renew_cg()
def calc_loss(self, scores, axis, true, importance):
ret = [i * dy.pickneglogsoftmax(scores, t) for t, i in zip(true, importance)]
if self.loss == "max_margin":
ret.append(dy.max_dim(dy.log_softmax(scores, restrict=list(set(range(self.num_labels[axis])) - set(true)))))
return ret
def create_network_return_loss(self, inputs, expected_output, dropout=False):
out = self(inputs, dropout)
loss = dy.pickneglogsoftmax(out, expected_output)
# loss = -dy.log(dy.pick(out, expected_output))
return loss
def compute_loss(model, char_lookup, feat_lookup, R, bias, encoder_frnn, encoder_rrnn, decoder_rnn, W_c, W__a, U__a, v__a, lemma, feats, word, alphabet_index, feat_index,
feature_types):
pc.renew_cg()
# read the parameters
# char_lookup = model["char_lookup"]
# feat_lookup = model["feat_lookup"]
# R = pc.parameter(model["R"])
# bias = pc.parameter(model["bias"])
# W_c = pc.parameter(model["W_c"])
# W__a = pc.parameter(model["W__a"])
# U__a = pc.parameter(model["U__a"])
# v__a = pc.parameter(model["v__a"])
R = pc.parameter(R)
bias = pc.parameter(bias)
W_c = pc.parameter(W_c)
W__a = pc.parameter(W__a)
U__a = pc.parameter(U__a)
v__a = pc.parameter(v__a)
blstm_outputs = encode_feats_and_chars(alphabet_index, char_lookup, encoder_frnn, encoder_rrnn, feat_index,
feat_lookup, feats, feature_types, lemma)
# initialize the decoder rnn
s_0 = decoder_rnn.initial_state()
s = s_0
# set prev_output_vec for first lstm step as BEGIN_WORD
prev_output_vec = char_lookup[alphabet_index[BEGIN_WORD]]
loss = []
padded_word = word + END_WORD
# run the decoder through the output sequence and aggregate loss
for i, output_char in enumerate(padded_word):
# get current h of the decoder
s = s.add_input(prev_output_vec)
decoder_rnn_output = s.output()
attention_output_vector, alphas, W = attend(blstm_outputs, decoder_rnn_output, W_c, v__a, W__a, U__a)
# compute output probabilities
# print 'computing readout layer...'
readout = R * attention_output_vector + bias
if output_char in alphabet_index:
current_loss = pc.pickneglogsoftmax(readout, alphabet_index[output_char])
else:
current_loss = pc.pickneglogsoftmax(readout, alphabet_index[UNK])
# print 'computed readout layer'
loss.append(current_loss)
# prepare for the next iteration - "feedback"
# TODO: add "input feeding" - the attention_output_vector is also concatenated to the next decoder input
if output_char in alphabet_index:
prev_output_vec = char_lookup[alphabet_index[output_char]]
else:
prev_output_vec = char_lookup[alphabet_index[UNK]]
total_sequence_loss = pc.esum(loss)
# loss = average(loss)
return total_sequence_loss
b = model.add_parameters((ntags)) # Softmax bias
# A function to calculate scores for one value
def calc_scores(words):
# Create a computation graph, and add parameters
dy.renew_cg()
# Take the sum of all the embedding vectors for each word
score = dy.esum([dy.lookup(W, x) for x in words])
# Add the bias vector and return
return score + b
for ITER in range(100):
# Perform training
random.shuffle(train)
train_loss = 0.0
start = time.time()
for words, tag in train:
my_loss = dy.pickneglogsoftmax(calc_scores(words), tag)
train_loss += my_loss.value()
my_loss.backward()
trainer.update()
print("iter %r: train loss/sent=%.4f, time=%.2fs" % (ITER, train_loss/len(train), time.time()-start))
# Perform testing
test_correct = 0.0
for words, tag in dev:
scores = calc_scores(words).npvalue()
predict = np.argmax(scores)
if predict == tag:
test_correct += 1
print("iter %r: test acc=%.4f" % (ITER, test_correct/len(dev)))
def node_iteration(rel, g, node, opts, assoc_model, trainer, log_file, is_source):
"""
Perform one iteration of trying to score a node's neighbors above negative samples.
"""
# true instances likelihood
trues = targets(g, node) if is_source else sources(g, node)
side = '->' if is_source else '<-'
if len(trues) == 0: return 0.0
if opts.debug:
dy.renew_cg(immediate_compute = True, check_validity = True)
else:
dy.renew_cg()
# compute association score as dynet expression (can't do this above due to staleness)
true_scores = []
for tr in trues:
if is_source:
j_assoc_score = assoc_model.word_assoc_score(node, tr, rel)
else:
j_assoc_score = assoc_model.word_assoc_score(tr, node, rel)
if log_file is not None:
log_file.write('{} {}\tTRUE_{}\t{:.3e}\n'\
.format(node, side, tr, j_assoc_score.scalar_value()))
true_scores.append(j_assoc_score)
# false targets likelihood - negative sampling (uniform)
# collect negative samples
if opts.nll:
sample_scores = [[ts] for ts in true_scores]
else:
margins = []
neg_samples = [np.random.choice(range(N)) for _ in range(opts.neg_samp * len(trues))]
# remove source and true targets if applicable
for t in [node] + trues:
if t in neg_samples:
neg_samples.remove(t)
neg_samples.append(np.random.choice(range(N)))
for (i,ns) in enumerate(neg_samples):
# compute association score as dynet expression
if is_source:
ns_assoc_score = assoc_model.word_assoc_score(node, ns, rel)
else:
ns_assoc_score = assoc_model.word_assoc_score(ns, node, rel)
if log_file is not None:
log_file.write('{} {}\tNEG_{}\t{:.3e}\n'\
.format(node, side, ns, ns_assoc_score.scalar_value()))
corresponding_true = i // opts.neg_samp
if opts.nll:
sample_scores[corresponding_true].append(ns_assoc_score)
else:
# TODO maybe use dy.hinge()
ctt_score = true_scores[corresponding_true]
margin = ctt_score - ns_assoc_score
margins.append(dy.rectify(dy.scalarInput(1.0) - margin))
# compute overall loss
if opts.nll:
if len(sample_scores) == 0:
dy_loss = dy.scalarInput(0.0)
else:
dy_loss = dy.esum([dy.pickneglogsoftmax(dy.concatenate(scrs), 0) for scrs in sample_scores])
else:
if len(margins) == 0:
dy_loss = dy.scalarInput(0.0)
else:
dy_loss = dy.esum(margins)
sc_loss = dy_loss.scalar_value()
if log_file is not None:
log_file.write('{}\tLOSS\t{:.3e}\n'\
.format(node, sc_loss))
# backprop and recompute score
if opts.v > 1:
timeprint('overall loss for relation {}, node {} as {} = {:.6f}'\
.format(rel, node, 'source' if is_source else 'target', sc_loss))
dy_loss.backward()
trainer.update()
return sc_loss
dev_time = 0
report = args.minibatch_size * 30
dev_report = args.minibatch_size * 600
for epoch in range(50):
random.shuffle(training)
print(("Epoch {} starting".format(epoch+1)))
i = 0
while i < len(training):
dy.renew_cg()
mbsize = min(args.minibatch_size, len(training) - i)
minibatch = training[i:i+mbsize]
losses = []
for lbl, img in minibatch:
x = dy.inputVector(img)
logits = classify(x, dropout=True)
loss = dy.pickneglogsoftmax(logits, lbl)
losses.append(loss)
mbloss = dy.esum(losses) / mbsize
mbloss.backward()
sgd.update()
# eloss is an exponentially smoothed loss.
if eloss is None:
eloss = mbloss.scalar_value()
else:
eloss = mbloss.scalar_value() * alpha + eloss * (1.0 - alpha)
# Do dev evaluation here:
if (i > 0) and (i % dev_report == 0):
confusion = [[0 for _ in range(10)] for _ in range(10)]
correct = 0
return ngrams
for ITER in range(10):
# Perform training
random.shuffle(train)
train_loss = 0.0
train_correct = 0.0
start = time.time()
for _, wids, tag in train:
scores = calc_scores(wids)
predict = np.argmax(scores.npvalue())
if predict == tag:
train_correct += 1
my_loss = dy.pickneglogsoftmax(scores, tag)
train_loss += my_loss.value()
my_loss.backward()
trainer.update()
print("iter %r: train loss/sent=%.4f, acc=%.4f, time=%.2fs" % (ITER, train_loss/len(train), train_correct/len(train), time.time()-start))
# Perform testing
test_correct = 0.0
for _, wids, tag in dev:
scores = calc_scores(wids).npvalue()
predict = np.argmax(scores)
if predict == tag:
test_correct += 1
print("iter %r: test acc=%.4f" % (ITER, test_correct/len(dev)))
for words, wids, tag in dev:
