# star and a rectangle (stripe) multiple times to create a copy of
# the United States flag.
#
# As a further example of the way functions allow us to reuse code,
# in this exercise we will import the flag_elements module into
# this program and create a different flag. In the PDF document
# accompanying this file you will find several flags which can be
# constructed easily using the "star" and "stripe" functions already
# defined. Choose one of these and try to draw it.
#
# First we import the two functions we need (make sure a copy of file
# flag_elements.py is in the same folder as this one)
from flag_elements import star, stripe
# Import the turtle graphics functions
from turtle import *
# Set up the drawing environment
setup(600, 400)
##### PUT YOUR CODE FOR DRAWING THE FLAG HERE
bgcolor("red")
penup()
goto(0, 75)
star(150, "yellow")
# Exit gracefully
hideturtle()
done()
title("Seeing Stars")
penup()
# Draw a star for each of a large range of numbers
for star_num in range(100):
# Choose random coords (here being very careful to
# ensure that stars don't go off the edges of the
# screen, remembering that the current coordinate is the
# star's top point, not its centre)
x_pos = randint(-max_coord + (max_size // 2), max_coord - (max_size // 2))
y_pos = randint(-max_coord + max_size, max_coord)
# Choose a random size
size = randint(5, 20)
# Choose a random, interestingly-named colour
# (see http://www.tcl.tk/man/tcl8.4/TkCmd/colors.htm)
colour = choice([
'aquamarine', 'beige', 'bisque', 'blue', 'burlywood', 'coral',
'cornsilk', 'cyan', 'firebrick', 'gold', 'goldenrod', 'honeydew',
'ivory', 'khaki', 'lavender', 'lawn green', 'magenta', 'maroon',
'mint cream', 'misty rose', 'moccasin', 'olive drab', 'orchid',
'papaya whip', 'peach puff', 'peru', 'powder blue', 'salmon', 'tomato',
'turquoise', 'wheat', 'white smoke'
])
# Draw a star at the chosen position in the chosen size and colour
goto(x_pos, y_pos)
star(size, colour)
# Exit gracefully
hideturtle()
done()
from turtle import *
# Here we draw the Panamanian flag as an illustration.
#
# Comment: Since this is such a small example, we've hardwired all
# the numeric constants below. For non-trivial programs, however,
# such "magic numbers" (i.e., unexplained numeric values) are best
# avoided. Named, fixed values should be defined instead.
# Set up the drawing environment
setup(600, 400)
bgcolor("white")
title("Panama")
penup()
# Draw the two rectangles
goto(0, 200)
stripe(300, 200, "red")
goto(-300, 0)
stripe(300, 200, "blue")
# Draw the two stars
goto(-150, 140)
star(80, "blue")
goto(150, -60)
star(80, "red")
# Exit gracefully
hideturtle()
done()
penup()
##### PUT YOUR CODE FOR DRAWING THE FLAG HERE
## Draw the bottom green strip
goto(0, stripe_height)
setheading(90)
stripe_numbers = range(1) #Draw first green bottom stripe
for stripe_no in stripe_numbers:
stripe(flag_width, stripe_height, "dark green")
forward(stripe_height)
for stripe_no in stripe_numbers:
stripe(flag_width, stripe_height, "yellow")
forward(stripe_height)
for stripe_no in stripe_numbers:
stripe(flag_width, stripe_height, "red")
forward(stripe_height)
penup()
goto(200, 400)
pendown()
star(star_height, star_colour)
# Exit gracefully
hideturtle()
done()
# this program and create a different flag. In the PDF document
# accompanying this file you will find several flags which can be
# constructed easily using the "star" and "stripe" functions already
# defined. Choose one of these and try to draw it.
#
# First we import the two functions we need (make sure a copy of file
# flag_elements.py is in the same folder as this one)
from flag_elements import star, stripe
# Import the turtle graphics functions
from turtle import *
from flag_elements import *
# Set up the drawing environment
setup(600, 400)
##### PUT YOUR CODE FOR DRAWING THE FLAG HERE
speed("fast")
stripe(150, 100, "red")
right(90)
forward(75)
right(90)
forward(25)
star(50, "yellow")
# Exit gracefully
hideturtle()
done()
setheading(90) # point north
stripe_numbers = range(7) # draw seven stripes
for stripe_no in stripe_numbers:
stripe(flag_width, stripe_height, "red")
forward(stripe_height * 2) # go up to next red stripe's position
# Draw the blue "union" in the top left
#
goto(0, flag_height) # top left-hand corner of the flag
stripe(union_width, union_height, "blue")
# Draw the stars (to save time, only 30 of them, in a 6 X 5
# matrix, as the US flag appeared in 1848)
#
goto(0 + x_offset,
flag_height - y_offset) # near top left-hand corner of the flag
row_numbers = range(5) # draw five rows of stars
column_numbers = range(6) # draw six stars in each row
for row_no in row_numbers:
for column_no in column_numbers:
star(star_size, "white")
setheading(0) # point east
forward(x_sep)
goto(0 + x_offset, ycor()) # go back to left-hand edge
setheading(270) # point south
forward(y_sep) # move down to next row of stars
# Exit gracefully
hideturtle()
done()