def run(self):
# initializer timer
glfw.glfwSetTime(0)
t = 0.0
while not glfw.glfwWindowShouldClose(self.win) and not self.exitNow:
# update every x seconds
currT = glfw.glfwGetTime()
if currT - t > 0.01:
# update time
t = currT
# clear
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
# render
pMatrix = glutils.perspective(100.0, self.aspect, 0.1, 100.0)
# modelview matrix
mvMatrix = glutils.lookAt(self.camera.eye, self.camera.center,
self.camera.up)
# draw non-transparent object first
self.box.render(pMatrix, mvMatrix)
# render
self.psys.render(pMatrix, mvMatrix, self.camera)
# step
self.step()
glfw.glfwSwapBuffers(self.win)
# Poll for and process events
glfw.glfwPollEvents()
# end
glfw.glfwTerminate()
def draw(self):
# build projection matrix
pMatrix = glutils.perspective(45.0, self.aspect, 0.1, 100.0)
# modelview matrix
mvMatrix = glutils.lookAt(self.camera.eye, self.camera.center,
self.camera.up)
# render
# generate ray-cube back-face texture
texture = self.raycube.renderBackFace(pMatrix, mvMatrix)
# set shader program
glUseProgram(self.program)
# set window dimensions
glUniform2f(glGetUniformLocation(self.program, b"uWinDims"),
float(self.width), float(self.height))
# texture unit 0 - back-faces of cube
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0)
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture)
glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(self.program, b"texBackFaces"), 0)
# texture unit 1 - 3D volume texture
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1)
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_3D, self.texVolume)
glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(self.program, b"texVolume"), 1)
# draw front face of cubes
self.raycube.renderFrontFace(pMatrix, mvMatrix, self.program)
def run(self):
# initializer timer
glfw.glfwSetTime(0)
t = 0.0
while not glfw.glfwWindowShouldClose(self.win) and not self.exitNow:
# update every x seconds
currT = glfw.glfwGetTime()
if currT - t > 0.1:
# update time
t = currT
# clear
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
# build projection matrix
pMatrix = glutils.perspective(45.0, self.aspect, 0.1, 100.0)
mvMatrix = glutils.lookAt([0.0, 0.0, -2.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0],
[0.0, 1.0, 0.0])
# render
self.scene.render(pMatrix, mvMatrix)
# step
self.scene.step()
glfw.glfwSwapBuffers(self.win)
# Poll for and process events
glfw.glfwPollEvents()
# end
glfw.glfwTerminate()
def run(self):
# initializer timer
glfw.glfwSetTime(0)
t = 0.0
while not glfw.glfwWindowShouldClose(self.win) and not self.exitNow:
# update every x seconds
currT = glfw.glfwGetTime()
if currT - t > 0.01:
# update time
t = currT
# clear
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
# render
pMatrix = glutils.perspective(100.0, self.aspect, 0.1, 100.0)
# modelview matrix
mvMatrix = glutils.lookAt(self.camera.eye, self.camera.center,
self.camera.up)
# draw non-transparent object first
self.box.render(pMatrix, mvMatrix)
# render
self.psys.render(pMatrix, mvMatrix, self.camera)
# step
self.step()
glfw.glfwSwapBuffers(self.win)
# Poll for and process events
glfw.glfwPollEvents()
# end
glfw.glfwTerminate()
def draw(self):
# build projection matrix
pMatrix = glutils.perspective(45.0, self.aspect, 0.1, 100.0)
# modelview matrix
mvMatrix = glutils.lookAt(self.camera.eye, self.camera.center,
self.camera.up)
# render
# generate ray-cube back-face texture
texture = self.raycube.renderBackFace(pMatrix, mvMatrix)
# set shader program
glUseProgram(self.program)
# set window dimensions
glUniform2f(glGetUniformLocation(self.program, b"uWinDims"),
float(self.width), float(self.height))
# texture unit 0 - back-faces of cube
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0)
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture)
glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(self.program, b"texBackFaces"), 0)
# texture unit 1 - 3D volume texture
glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE1)
glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_3D, self.texVolume)
glUniform1i(glGetUniformLocation(self.program, b"texVolume"), 1)
# draw front face of cubes
self.raycube.renderFrontFace(pMatrix, mvMatrix, self.program)
def run(self):
"""Main loop"""
glfw.set_time(0) # resets the GLFW timer to 0
t = 0.0 # timer to redraw the graphics at regular intervals
while not glfw.window_should_close(self.win) and not self.exit_now:
# Update every x seconds
curr_time = glfw.get_time()
if curr_time - t > 0.1: # change 0.1 to adjust the rendering frame rate
# Update time
t = curr_time
# Clear and get ready for the next frame
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
# Build projection matrix
p_matrix = glutils.perspective(45.0, self.aspect, 0.1, 100.0)
mv_matrix = glutils.lookAt(
[0.0, 0.0, -2.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 1.0, 0.0])
# render
self.scene.render(p_matrix, mv_matrix)
self.scene.step()
glfw.swap_buffers(self.win)
# Checks for any UI events
glfw.poll_events()
glfw.terminate()
def step(self):
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) # clear
p_matrix = glutils.perspective(45.0, self.aspect, 0.1, 100.0)
mv_matrix = glutils.lookAt([0.0, 0.0, -2.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 1.0, 0.0])
self.scene.render(p_matrix, mv_matrix) # render
self.scene.step() # step
glfw.glfwSwapBuffers(self.win)
glfw.glfwPollEvents()
def step(self):
# clear
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
# build projection matrix
pMatrix = glutils.perspective(45.0, self.aspect, 0.1, 100.0)
mvMatrix = glutils.lookAt([0.0, 0.0, -2.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0],
[0.0, 1.0, 0.0])
# render
self.scene.render(pMatrix, mvMatrix)
# step
self.scene.step()
glfw.SwapBuffers(self.win)
# Poll for and process events
glfw.PollEvents()
def run(self):
glfw.glfwSetTime(0) # timer initialization
t = 0.0
while not glfw.glfwWindowShouldClose(self.win) and not self.exit_now:
current_t = glfw.glfwGetTime()
if current_t -t > 0.1:
t = current_t # time updated
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) # | = bitwise or
# build projection matrix
p_matrix = glutils.perspective(45.0, self.aspect, 0.1, 100.0)
mv_matrix = glutils.lookAt([0.0, 0.0, -2.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 1.0, 0.0])
# model-view matrix: [[eye pos], [look at {origin in this case)], [direction vector]]
self.scene.render(p_matrix, mv_matrix) # render
self.scene.step() # step
glfw.glfwSwapBuffers(self.win)
glfw.glfwPollEvents()
def run(self):
glfw.glfwSetTime(0)
t = 0.0
while not glfw.glfwWindowShouldClose(self.win) and not self.exitNow:
currT = glfw.glfwGetTime()
#每隔0.1s绘一次图
if currT - t > 0.1:
t = currT
#清除深度和颜色缓冲区
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
#计算投影矩阵，45度视场，近/远裁剪平面的距离为0.1/100.0
pMatrix = glutils.perspective(45.0, self.aspect, 0.1, 100.0)
#设置模型视图矩阵，眼睛位置设置在(0,0,-2)，用一个向上的矢量(0,1,0)看向原点(0,0,0)
mvMatirx = glutils.lookAt([0.0, 0.0, -2.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0],
[0.0, 1.0, 0.0])
self.scene.render(pMatrix, mvMatirx)
self.scene.step()
#交换前后缓冲区， 显示更新的三维图像（双缓冲，更加流畅的视觉效果）
glfw.glfwSwapBuffers(self.win)
#调用检查所有UI事件，将控制返回给while循环
glfw.glfwPollEvents()
glfw.glfwTerminate()
def main():
if not glfw.init():
print('glfw.init error')
return
window = glfw.create_window(640, 480, 'Cube', None, None)
if not window:
glfw.terminate()
print('glfw.create_window error')
return
glfw.make_context_current(window)
print(glGetString(GL_VERSION))
# init OpenGL
glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)
glClearColor(0.1, 0.1, 0.1, 1)
# glPolygonMode( GL_FRONT_AND_BACK, GL_LINE )
# shader
program = glutils.loadShaders(strVS, strFS)
glUseProgram(program)
# vertex buffer
# position # normal
positions = numpy.array([
-1.0,
1.0,
-1.0,
0.0,
1.0,
0.0,
1.0,
1.0,
-1.0,
0.0,
1.0,
0.0,
1.0,
1.0,
1.0,
0.0,
1.0,
0.0,
-1.0,
1.0,
1.0,
0.0,
1.0,
0.0,
1.0,
1.0,
1.0,
1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
1.0,
1.0,
-1.0,
1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
1.0,
-1.0,
-1.0,
1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
1.0,
-1.0,
1.0,
1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
1.0,
-1.0,
1.0,
0.0,
-1.0,
0.0,
-1.0,
-1.0,
1.0,
0.0,
-1.0,
0.0,
-1.0,
-1.0,
-1.0,
0.0,
-1.0,
0.0,
1.0,
-1.0,
-1.0,
0.0,
-1.0,
0.0,
-1.0,
-1.0,
1.0,
-1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
-1.0,
1.0,
1.0,
-1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
-1.0,
1.0,
-1.0,
-1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
-1.0,
-1.0,
-1.0,
-1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
1.0,
1.0,
1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
1.0,
1.0,
-1.0,
1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
1.0,
-1.0,
-1.0,
1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
1.0,
-1.0,
1.0,
1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
1.0,
1.0,
1.0,
-1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
-1.0,
-1.0,
1.0,
-1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
-1.0,
-1.0,
-1.0,
-1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
-1.0,
1.0,
-1.0,
-1.0,
0.0,
0.0,
-1.0,
], numpy.float32)
buffer = glGenBuffers(1)
glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, buffer)
glBufferData(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, positions.itemsize * len(positions),
positions, GL_STATIC_DRAW)
glEnableVertexAttribArray(0)
glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, positions.itemsize * 6,
None)
glEnableVertexAttribArray(1)
glVertexAttribPointer(1, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, positions.itemsize * 3,
None)
# Projections
pMatrix = glutils.perspective(45, 640 / 480.0, 0.1, 100.0)
mvMatrix = glutils.lookAt([4.0, 4.0, 3.0], [0.0, 0.0, 0.0], [0.0, 0.0, 1])
pMatrixUniform = glGetUniformLocation(program, b'uPMatrix')
mvMatrixUniform = glGetUniformLocation(program, b'uMVMatrix')
glUniformMatrix4fv(pMatrixUniform, 1, GL_FALSE, pMatrix)
glUniformMatrix4fv(mvMatrixUniform, 1, GL_FALSE, mvMatrix)
# Lighting
lightColorUniform = glGetUniformLocation(program, b'lightColor')
glUniform3f(lightColorUniform, 0.1, 0.8, 0.1)
objectColorUniform = glGetUniformLocation(program, b'objectColor')
glUniform3f(objectColorUniform, 0.7, 0.7, 0.7)
lightPosUniform = glGetUniformLocation(program, b'lightPos')
glUniform3f(lightPosUniform, 2.0, 4, -3.0)
t = 0
while not glfw.window_should_close(window):
time.sleep(1 / 45)
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)
# glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES)
# glVertex2f(-0.5, -0.5)
# glVertex2f( 0.0 , 0.5)
# glVertex2f( 0.5, -0.5)
# glEnd()
# rotation animation
t = (t + 1) % 360
# set shader angle in radians
glUniform1f(glGetUniformLocation(program, 'uTheta'), math.radians(t))
# draw call
glDrawArrays(GL_QUADS, 0, 24)
glfw.swap_buffers(window)
glfw.poll_events()
glEnable(GL_MULTISAMPLE) glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST) glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH) # most obj files expect to be smooth-shaded while not glfw.window_should_close(window): currentFrame = glfw.get_time() deltaTime = currentFrame - lastFrame lastFrame = currentFrame glfw.poll_events() do_movement() # Render here width, height = glfw.get_framebuffer_size(window) ratio = width / float(height) gl.glViewport(0, 0, width, height) gl.glClear(gl.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | gl.GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT) gl.glMatrixMode(gl.GL_PROJECTION) gl.glLoadIdentity() gl.glFrustum(-ratio, ratio, -1, 1, 1, 2) gl.glMatrixMode(gl.GL_MODELVIEW) gl.glLoadIdentity() gl.glClearColor(0.0,0.0,0.0,0.0) camera.eye=[5*math.sin(glfw.get_time()), 0 , 5* math.cos(glfw.get_time()) ] # modelview matrix cameraPos_=cameraPos+(0,0,-0.25*keys[glfw.KEY_X]) mvMatrix = glutils.lookAt(cameraPos_, cameraPos_+cameraFront, cameraUp) pMatrix = glutils.perspective(45, ratio, 0.1, 100.0) draw_things() # Swap front and back buffers glfw.swap_buffers(window) glfw.poll_events() glfw.terminate()