def _query_systemstate(self):
"""Query the maximum number of connections supported by this adapter
"""
def status_filter_func(event):
if event.command_class == 3 and event.command == 0:
return True
return False
try:
response = self._send_command(0, 6, [])
maxconn, = unpack("<B", response.payload)
except InternalTimeoutError:
return False, {'reason': 'Timeout waiting for command response'}
events = self._wait_process_events(0.5, status_filter_func,
lambda x: False)
conns = []
for event in events:
handle, flags, addr, addr_type, interval, timeout, lat, bond = unpack(
"<BB6sBHHHB", event.payload)
if flags != 0:
conns.append(handle)
return True, {'max_connections': maxconn, 'active_connections': conns}
def notified_header(event):
if event.command_class == 4 and event.command == 5:
event_handle, att_handle = unpack("<BH", event.payload[0:3])
return event_handle == conn and att_handle == receive_header
elif event.command_class == 3 and event.command == 4:
event_handle, reason = unpack("<BH", event.payload)
return event_handle == conn
def _probe_services(self, handle):
"""Probe for all primary services and characteristics in those services
Args:
handle (int): the connection handle to probe
"""
code = 0x2800
def event_filter_func(event):
if (event.command_class == 4 and event.command == 2):
event_handle, = unpack("B", event.payload[0:1])
return event_handle == handle
return False
def end_filter_func(event):
if (event.command_class == 4 and event.command == 1):
event_handle, = unpack("B", event.payload[0:1])
return event_handle == handle
return False
payload = struct.pack('<BHHBH', handle, 1, 0xFFFF, 2, code)
try:
response = self._send_command(4, 1, payload)
except InternalTimeoutError:
return False, {'reason': 'Timeout waiting for command response'}
handle, result = unpack("<BH", response.payload)
if result != 0:
return False, None
events = self._wait_process_events(0.5, event_filter_func,
end_filter_func)
gatt_events = [x for x in events if event_filter_func(x)]
end_events = [x for x in events if end_filter_func(x)]
if len(end_events) == 0:
return False, None
#Make sure we successfully probed the gatt table
end_event = end_events[0]
_, result, _ = unpack("<BHH", end_event.payload)
if result != 0:
self._logger.warn(
"Error enumerating GATT table, protocol error code = %d (0x%X)"
% (result, result))
return False, None
services = {}
for event in gatt_events:
process_gatt_service(services, event)
return True, {'services': services}
def _connect(self, address):
"""Connect to a device given its uuid
"""
latency = 0
conn_interval_min = 6
conn_interval_max = 100
timeout = 1.0
try:
#Allow passing either a binary address or a hex string
if isinstance(address, basestring) and len(address) > 6:
address = address.replace(':', '')
address = bytes(bytearray.fromhex(address)[::-1])
except ValueError:
return False, None
#Allow simple determination of whether a device has a public or private address
#This is not foolproof
private_bits = bytearray(address)[-1] >> 6
if private_bits == 0b11:
address_type = 1
else:
address_type = 0
payload = struct.pack("<6sBHHHH", address, address_type,
conn_interval_min, conn_interval_max,
int(timeout * 100.0), latency)
response = self._send_command(6, 3, payload)
result, handle = unpack("<HB", response.payload)
if result != 0:
return False, None
#Now wait for the connection event that says we connected or kill the attempt after timeout
def conn_succeeded(event):
if event.command_class == 3 and event.command == 0:
event_handle, = unpack("B", event.payload[0:1])
return event_handle == handle
#FIXME Hardcoded timeout
events = self._wait_process_events(4.0, lambda x: False,
conn_succeeded)
if len(events) != 1:
self._stop_scan()
return False, None
handle, _, addr, _, interval, timeout, latency, _ = unpack(
"<BB6sBHHHB", events[0].payload)
formatted_addr = ":".join(["%02X" % x for x in bytearray(addr)])
self._logger.info(
'Connected to device %s with interval=%d, timeout=%d, latency=%d',
formatted_addr, interval, timeout, latency)
connection = {"handle": handle}
return True, connection
def _write_handle(self, conn, handle, ack, value, timeout=1.0):
"""Write to a BLE device characteristic by its handle
Args:
conn (int): The connection handle for the device we should read from
handle (int): The characteristics handle we should read
ack (bool): Should this be an acknowledges write or unacknowledged
timeout (float): How long to wait before failing
value (bytearray): The value that we should write
"""
conn_handle = conn
char_handle = handle
def write_handle_acked(event):
if event.command_class == 4 and event.command == 1:
conn, _, char = unpack("<BHH", event.payload)
return conn_handle == conn and char_handle == char
data_len = len(value)
if data_len > 20:
return False, {'reason': 'Data too long to write'}
payload = struct.pack("<BHB%ds" % data_len, conn_handle, char_handle, data_len, value)
try:
if ack:
response = self._send_command(4, 5, payload)
else:
response = self._send_command(4, 6, payload)
except InternalTimeoutError:
return False, {'reason': 'Timeout waiting for response to command in _write_handle'}
_, result = unpack("<BH", response.payload)
if result != 0:
return False, {'reason': 'Error writing to handle', 'error_code': result}
if ack:
events = self._wait_process_events(timeout, lambda x: False, write_handle_acked)
self._logger.info("Num events in _write_handle: %d", len(events))
if len(events) == 0:
return False, {'reason': 'Timeout waiting for acknowledge on write'}
_, result, _ = unpack("<BHH", events[0].payload)
if result != 0:
return False, {'reason': 'Error received during write to handle', 'error_code': result}
return True, None
def _disconnect(self, handle):
"""Disconnect from a device that we have previously connected to
"""
payload = struct.pack('<B', handle)
response = self._send_command(3, 0, payload)
conn_handle, result = unpack("<BH", response.payload)
if result != 0:
self._logger.info("Disconnection failed result=%d", result)
return False, None
assert conn_handle == handle
def disconnect_succeeded(event):
if event.command_class == 3 and event.command == 4:
event_handle, = unpack("B", event.payload[0:1])
return event_handle == handle
return False
#FIXME Hardcoded timeout
events = self._wait_process_events(3.0, lambda x: False,
disconnect_succeeded)
if len(events) != 1:
return False, None
return True, {'handle': handle}
def process_read_handle(event):
length = len(event.payload) - 5
conn, att_handle, att_type, act_length, value = unpack("<BHBB%ds" % length, event.payload)
assert act_length == length
return att_type, bytearray(value)
def _send_notification(self, handle, value):
"""Send a notification to all connected clients on a characteristic
Args:
handle (int): The handle we wish to notify on
value (bytearray): The value we wish to send
"""
value_len = len(value)
value = bytes(value)
payload = struct.pack("<BHB%ds" % value_len, 0xFF, handle, value_len,
value)
response = self._send_command(2, 5, payload)
result, = unpack("<H", response.payload)
if result != 0:
return False, {
'reason': 'Error code from BLED112 notifying a value',
'code': result,
'handle': handle,
'value': value
}
return True, None
def _read_handle(self, conn, handle, timeout=1.0):
conn_handle = conn
payload = struct.pack("<BH", conn_handle, handle)
try:
response = self._send_command(4, 4, payload)
ignored_handle, result = unpack("<BH", response.payload)
except InternalTimeoutError:
return False, {'reason': 'Timeout sending read handle command'}
if result != 0:
self._logger.warn("Error reading handle %d, result=%d" % (handle, result))
return False, None
def handle_value_func(event):
if (event.command_class == 4 and event.command == 5):
event_handle, = unpack("B", event.payload[0:1])
return event_handle == conn_handle
def handle_error_func(event):
if (event.command_class == 4 and event.command == 1):
event_handle, = unpack("B", event.payload[0:1])
return event_handle == conn_handle
events = self._wait_process_events(5.0, lambda x: False, lambda x: handle_value_func(x) or handle_error_func(x))
if len(events) != 1:
return False, None
if handle_error_func(events[0]):
return False, None
handle_event = events[0]
handle_type, handle_data = process_read_handle(handle_event)
return True, {'type': handle_type, 'data': handle_data}
def parse_characteristic_declaration(value):
length = len(value)
if length == 5:
uuid_len = 2
elif length == 19:
uuid_len = 16
else:
raise ValueError(
"Value has improper length for ble characteristic definition, length was %d"
% len(value))
propval, handle, uuid = unpack("<BH%ds" % uuid_len, value)
#Process the properties
properties = CharacteristicProperties(bool(propval & 0x1),
bool(propval & 0x2),
bool(propval & 0x4),
bool(propval & 0x8),
bool(propval & 0x10),
bool(propval & 0x20),
bool(propval & 0x40),
bool(propval & 0x80))
uuid = process_uuid(uuid)
char = {}
char['uuid'] = uuid
char['properties'] = properties
char['handle'] = handle
return char
def ReportLength(cls, header):
"""Given a header of HeaderLength bytes, calculate the size of this report"""
first_word, = unpack("<L", header[:4])
length = (first_word >> 8)
return length
def _probe_characteristics(self, conn, services, timeout=5.0):
"""Probe gatt services for all associated characteristics in a BLE device
Args:
conn (int): the connection handle to probe
services (dict): a dictionary of services produced by probe_services()
timeout (float): the maximum number of seconds to spend in any single task
"""
for service in viewvalues(services):
success, result = self._enumerate_handles(conn,
service['start_handle'],
service['end_handle'])
if not success:
return False, None
attributes = result['attributes']
service['characteristics'] = {}
last_char = None
for handle, attribute in viewitems(attributes):
if attribute['uuid'].hex[-4:] == '0328':
success, result = self._read_handle(conn, handle, timeout)
if not success:
return False, None
value = result['data']
char = parse_characteristic_declaration(value)
service['characteristics'][char['uuid']] = char
last_char = char
elif attribute['uuid'].hex[-4:] == '0229':
if last_char is None:
return False, None
success, result = self._read_handle(conn, handle, timeout)
if not success:
return False, None
value = result['data']
assert len(value) == 2
value, = unpack("<H", value)
last_char['client_configuration'] = {
'handle': handle,
'value': value
}
return True, {'services': services}
def _process_scan_event(self, response):
"""Parse the BLE advertisement packet.
If it's an IOTile device, parse and add to the scanned devices. Then,
parse advertisement and determine if it matches V1 or V2. There are
two supported type of advertisements:
v1: There is both an advertisement and a scan response (if active scanning
is enabled).
v2: There is only an advertisement and no scan response.
"""
payload = response.payload
length = len(payload) - 10
if length < 0:
return
rssi, packet_type, sender, _addr_type, _bond, data = unpack(
"<bB6sBB%ds" % length, payload)
string_address = ':'.join(
[format(x, "02X") for x in bytearray(sender[::-1])])
# Scan data is prepended with a length
if len(data) > 0:
data = bytearray(data[1:])
else:
data = bytearray([])
self._scan_event_count += 1
# If this is an advertisement packet, see if its an IOTile device
# packet_type = 4 is scan_response, 0, 2 and 6 are advertisements
if packet_type in (0, 2, 6):
if len(data) != 31:
return
if data[22] == 0xFF and data[23] == 0xC0 and data[24] == 0x3:
self._v1_scan_count += 1
self._parse_v1_advertisement(rssi, string_address, data)
elif data[3] == 27 and data[4] == 0x16 and data[
5] == 0xdd and data[6] == 0xfd:
self._v2_scan_count += 1
self._parse_v2_advertisement(rssi, string_address, data)
else:
pass # This just means the advertisement was from a non-IOTile device
elif packet_type == 4:
self._v1_scan_response_count += 1
self._parse_v1_scan_response(string_address, data)
def process_gatt_service(services, event):
"""Process a BGAPI event containing a GATT service description and add it to a dictionary
Args:
services (dict): A dictionary of discovered services that is updated with this event
event (BGAPIPacket): An event containing a GATT service
"""
length = len(event.payload) - 5
handle, start, end, uuid = unpack('<BHH%ds' % length, event.payload)
uuid = process_uuid(uuid)
services[uuid] = {'uuid_raw': uuid, 'start_handle': start, 'end_handle': end}
def _set_advertising_data(self, packet_type, data):
"""Set the advertising data for advertisements sent out by this bled112
Args:
packet_type (int): 0 for advertisement, 1 for scan response
data (bytearray): the data to set
"""
payload = struct.pack("<BB%ss" % (len(data)), packet_type, len(data), bytes(data))
response = self._send_command(6, 9, payload)
result, = unpack("<H", response.payload)
if result != 0:
return False, {'reason': 'Error code from BLED112 setting advertising data', 'code': result}
return True, None
def _parse_v2_advertisement(self, rssi, sender, data):
""" Parse the IOTile Specific advertisement packet"""
if len(data) != 31:
return None, None, None, None, None, None, None
# We have already verified that the device is an IOTile device
# by checking its service data uuid in _process_scan_event so
# here we just parse out the required information
device_id, reboot_low, reboot_high_packed, flags, timestamp, \
battery, counter_packed, broadcast_stream_packed, broadcast_value, \
_mac = unpack("<LHBBLBBHLL", data[7:])
reboots = (reboot_high_packed & 0xF) << 16 | reboot_low
counter = counter_packed & ((1 << 5) - 1)
broadcast_multiplex = counter_packed >> 5
broadcast_toggle = broadcast_stream_packed >> 15
broadcast_stream = broadcast_stream_packed & ((1 << 15) - 1)
# Flags for version 2 are:
# bit 0: Has pending data to stream
# bit 1: Low voltage indication
# bit 2: User connected
# bit 3: Broadcast data is encrypted
# bit 4: Encryption key is device key
# bit 5: Encryption key is user key
# bit 6: broadcast data is time synchronized to avoid leaking
# information about when it changes
self._device_scan_counts.setdefault(device_id, {'v1': 0, 'v2': 0})['v2'] += 1
info = {'connection_string': sender,
'uuid': device_id,
'pending_data': bool(flags & (1 << 0)),
'low_voltage': bool(flags & (1 << 1)),
'user_connected': bool(flags & (1 << 2)),
'signal_strength': rssi,
'reboot_counter': reboots,
'sequence': counter,
'broadcast_toggle': broadcast_toggle,
'timestamp': timestamp,
'battery': battery / 32.0,
'advertising_version':2}
return info, timestamp, broadcast_stream, broadcast_value, \
broadcast_toggle, counter, broadcast_multiplex
def rpc(self, feature, cmd, *args, **kw):
"""
Send an RPC call to this module, interpret the return value
according to the result_type kw argument. Unless raise keyword
is passed with value False, raise an RPCException if the command
is not successful.
"""
if 'arg_format' in kw:
packed_args = struct.pack("<{}".format(kw['arg_format']), *args)
status, payload = self.stream.send_rpc(self.addr, feature, cmd,
packed_args, **kw)
else:
status, payload = self.stream.send_rpc(self.addr, feature, cmd,
*args, **kw)
unpack_flag = False
if "result_type" in kw:
res_type = kw['result_type']
elif "result_format" in kw:
unpack_flag = True
res_type = (0, True)
else:
res_type = (0, False)
try:
res = self._parse_rpc_result(status,
payload,
*res_type,
command=(feature << 8) | cmd)
if unpack_flag:
return unpack("<%s" % kw["result_format"], res['buffer'])
return res
except ModuleBusyError:
pass
if "retries" not in kw:
kw['retries'] = 10
#Sleep 100 ms and try again unless we've exhausted our retry attempts
if kw["retries"] > 0:
kw['retries'] -= 1
sleep(0.1)
return self.rpc(feature, cmd, *args, **kw)
def _set_mode(self, discover_mode, connect_mode):
"""Set the mode of the BLED112, used to enable and disable advertising
To enable advertising, use 4, 2.
To disable advertising use 0, 0.
Args:
discover_mode (int): The discoverability mode, 0 for off, 4 for on (user data)
connect_mode (int): The connectability mode, 0 for of, 2 for undirected connectable
"""
payload = struct.pack("<BB", discover_mode, connect_mode)
response = self._send_command(6, 1, payload)
result, = unpack("<H", response.payload)
if result != 0:
return False, {'reason': 'Error code from BLED112 setting mode', 'code': result}
return True, None
def _parse_v1_advertisement(self, rssi, sender, advert):
if len(advert) != 31:
return
# Make sure the scan data comes back with an incomplete UUID list
if advert[3] != 17 or advert[4] != 6:
return
# Make sure the uuid is our tilebus UUID
if advert[5:21] == TileBusService.bytes_le:
# Now parse out the manufacturer specific data
manu_data = advert[21:]
_length, _datatype, _manu_id, device_uuid, flags = unpack(
"<BBHLH", manu_data)
self._device_scan_counts.setdefault(device_uuid, {
'v1': 0,
'v2': 0
})['v1'] += 1
# Flags for version 1 are:
# bit 0: whether we have pending data
# bit 1: whether we are in a low voltage state
# bit 2: whether another user is connected
# bit 3: whether we support robust reports
# bit 4: whether we allow fast writes
info = {
'connection_string': sender,
'uuid': device_uuid,
'pending_data': bool(flags & (1 << 0)),
'low_voltage': bool(flags & (1 << 1)),
'user_connected': bool(flags & (1 << 2)),
'signal_strength': rssi,
'advertising_version': 1
}
if self._active_scan:
self.partial_scan_responses[sender] = info
else:
self._trigger_callback('on_scan', self.id, info,
self.ExpirationTime)
def _parse_scan_response(self, response):
"""
Parse the BLE advertisement packet. If it's an IOTile device, parse and add to the scanned devices.
Then, parse advertisement and determine if it matches V1 or V2.
"""
payload = response.payload
length = len(payload) - 10
if length < 0:
return
rssi, packet_type, sender, addr_type, bond, data = unpack(
"<bB6sBB%ds" % length, payload)
# Scan data is prepended with a length
if len(data) > 0:
scan_data = bytearray(data[1:])
else:
scan_data = bytearray([])
# If this is an advertisement response, see if its an IOTile device
if packet_type in (0, 6):
if (len(scan_data) > 4 and scan_data[3] == 17
and scan_data[4] == 6):
self._parse_v1_scan_response(response)
# See if the data length is 27 (0x1B), service = 0x16, ArchUUID = 0x03C0
elif (len(scan_data) > 6 and scan_data[3] == 27
and scan_data[4] == 0x16 and scan_data[5] == 0xc0
and scan_data[6] == 0x03):
self._parse_v2_scan_response(response)
else:
return
else:
self._parse_v1_scan_response(response)
return
def decode(self):
"""Decode this report into a single reading
"""
fmt, _, stream, uuid, sent_timestamp, reading_timestamp, reading_value = unpack(
"<BBHLLLL", self.raw_report)
assert fmt == 0
#Estimate the UTC time when this device was turned on
time_base = self.received_time - datetime.timedelta(
seconds=sent_timestamp)
reading = IOTileReading(reading_timestamp,
stream,
reading_value,
time_base=time_base)
self.origin = uuid
self.sent_timestamp = sent_timestamp
return [reading], []
def _parse_scan_response(self, response):
"""Parse the IOTile specific data structures in the BLE advertisement packets and add the device to our list of scanned devices
Parse advertisement and determine if it matches V1 or V2.
"""
payload = response.payload
length = len(payload) - 10
if length < 0:
return
rssi, packet_type, sender, addr_type, bond, data = unpack("<bB6sBB%ds" % length, payload)
#Scan data is prepended with a length
if len(data) > 0:
scan_data = bytearray(data[1:])
else:
scan_data = bytearray([])
#If this is an advertisement response, see if its an IOTile device
if packet_type == 0 or packet_type == 6:
if (scan_data[3] == 17 and
scan_data[4] == 6):
self._parse_v1_scan_response(response)
# See if the data length is 27 (0x1B), service = 0x16, ArchUUID = 0x03C0
elif (scan_data[3] == 27 and
scan_data[4] == 0x16 and
scan_data[5] == 0xc0 and
scan_data[6] == 0x03):
self._parse_v2_scan_response(response)
else:
self._logger.error("Invalid scan data: {0}".format(binascii.hexlify(scan_data)))
else:
self._parse_v1_scan_response(response)
return
def _enumerate_handles(self, conn, start_handle, end_handle, timeout=1.0):
conn_handle = conn
def event_filter_func(event):
if event.command_class == 4 and event.command == 4:
event_handle, = unpack("B", event.payload[0:1])
return event_handle == conn_handle
return False
def end_filter_func(event):
if event.command_class == 4 and event.command == 1:
event_handle, = unpack("B", event.payload[0:1])
return event_handle == conn_handle
return False
payload = struct.pack("<BHH", conn_handle, start_handle, end_handle)
try:
response = self._send_command(4, 3, payload)
handle, result = unpack("<BH", response.payload)
except InternalTimeoutError:
return False, {'reason': "Timeout enumerating handles"}
if result != 0:
return False, None
events = self._wait_process_events(timeout, event_filter_func,
end_filter_func)
handle_events = [x for x in events if event_filter_func(x)]
attrs = {}
for event in handle_events:
process_attribute(attrs, event)
return True, {'attributes': attrs}
def process_attribute(attributes, event):
length = len(event.payload) - 3
handle, chrhandle, uuid = unpack("<BH%ds" % length, event.payload)
uuid = process_uuid(uuid)
attributes[chrhandle] = {'uuid': uuid}
def handle_error_func(event):
if (event.command_class == 4 and event.command == 1):
event_handle, = unpack("B", event.payload[0:1])
return event_handle == conn_handle
def decode(self):
"""Decode this report into a list of readings
"""
fmt, len_low, len_high, device_id, report_id, sent_timestamp, signature_flags, origin_streamer, streamer_selector = unpack("<BBHLLLBBH", self.raw_report[:20])
assert fmt == 1
length = (len_high << 8) | len_low
self.origin = device_id
self.report_id = report_id
self.sent_timestamp = sent_timestamp
self.origin_streamer = origin_streamer
self.streamer_selector = streamer_selector
self.signature_flags = signature_flags
assert len(self.raw_report) == length
remaining = self.raw_report[20:]
assert len(remaining) >= 24
readings = remaining[:-24]
footer = remaining[-24:]
lowest_id, highest_id, signature = unpack("<LL16s", footer)
signature = bytearray(signature)
self.lowest_id = lowest_id
self.highest_id = highest_id
self.signature = signature
signed_data = self.raw_report[:-16]
signer = ChainedAuthProvider()
if signature_flags == AuthProvider.NoKey:
self.encrypted = False
else:
self.encrypted = True
try:
verification = signer.verify_report(device_id, signature_flags, signed_data, signature, report_id=report_id, sent_timestamp=sent_timestamp)
self.verified = verification['verified']
except NotFoundError:
self.verified = False
# If we were not able to verify the report, do not try to parse or decrypt it since we
# can't guarantee who it came from.
if not self.verified:
return [], []
# If the report is encrypted, try to decrypt it before parsing the readings
if self.encrypted:
try:
result = signer.decrypt_report(device_id, signature_flags, readings, report_id=report_id, sent_timestamp=sent_timestamp)
readings = result['data']
except NotFoundError:
return [], []
# Now parse all of the readings
# Make sure this report has an integer number of readings
assert (len(readings) % 16) == 0
time_base = self.received_time - datetime.timedelta(seconds=sent_timestamp)
parsed_readings = []
for i in range(0, len(readings), 16):
reading = readings[i:i+16]
stream, _, reading_id, timestamp, value = unpack("<HHLLL", reading)
parsed = IOTileReading(timestamp, stream, value, time_base=time_base, reading_id=reading_id)
parsed_readings.append(parsed)
return parsed_readings, []
def disconnect_succeeded(event):
if event.command_class == 3 and event.command == 4:
event_handle, = unpack("B", event.payload[0:1])
return event_handle == handle
return False
def write_handle_acked(event):
if event.command_class == 4 and event.command == 1:
conn, _, char = unpack("<BHH", event.payload)
return conn_handle == conn and char_handle == char
def conn_succeeded(event):
if event.command_class == 3 and event.command == 0:
event_handle, = unpack("B", event.payload[0:1])
return event_handle == handle
def notified_payload(event):
if event.command_class == 4 and event.command == 5:
event_handle, att_handle = unpack("<BH", event.payload[0:3])
return event_handle == conn and att_handle == receive_payload
