def test_monthly_specific_mb(self):
"""Test the monthly specific mass balance against the
corresponding yearly mass balance.
"""
# run all needed prepro tasks
gdir = self._setup_mb_test()
# instance mb models
vas_mbmod = vascaling.VAScalingMassBalance(gdir)
# get relevant glacier surface elevation
min_hgt, max_hgt = vascaling.get_min_max_elevation(gdir)
# get all month of that year in the
# floating (hydrological) year convention
year = 1803
months = np.linspace(year, year + 1, num=12, endpoint=False)
# compute monthly specific mass balance for
# all month of given year and store in array
spec_mb_month = np.empty(months.size)
for i, month in enumerate(months):
spec_mb_month[i] = vas_mbmod.get_monthly_specific_mb(
min_hgt, max_hgt, month)
# compute yearly specific mass balance
spec_mb_year = vas_mbmod.get_specific_mb(min_hgt, max_hgt, year)
# compare
np.testing.assert_allclose(spec_mb_month.sum(),
spec_mb_year,
rtol=1e-3)
def _set_up_VAS_model(self):
"""Avoiding a chunk of code duplicate. Set's up a running volume/area
scaling model, including all needed prepo tasks.
"""
# read the Hintereisferner DEM
hef_file = get_demo_file('Hintereisferner_RGI6.shp')
entity = gpd.read_file(hef_file).iloc[0]
# initialize the GlacierDirectory
gdir = oggm.GlacierDirectory(entity, base_dir=self.testdir)
# define the local grid and glacier mask
gis.define_glacier_region(gdir, entity=entity)
gis.glacier_masks(gdir)
# process the given climate file
climate.process_custom_climate_data(gdir)
# run center line preprocessing tasks
centerlines.compute_centerlines(gdir)
centerlines.initialize_flowlines(gdir)
centerlines.catchment_area(gdir)
centerlines.catchment_intersections(gdir)
centerlines.catchment_width_geom(gdir)
centerlines.catchment_width_correction(gdir)
# read reference glacier mass balance data
mbdf = gdir.get_ref_mb_data()
# compute the reference t* for the glacier
# given the reference of mass balance measurements
res = climate.t_star_from_refmb(gdir, mbdf=mbdf['ANNUAL_BALANCE'])
t_star, bias = res['t_star'], res['bias']
# --------------------
# MASS BALANCE TASKS
# --------------------
# compute local t* and the corresponding mu*
vascaling.local_t_star(gdir, tstar=t_star, bias=bias)
# instance the mass balance models
mbmod = vascaling.VAScalingMassBalance(gdir)
# ----------------
# DYNAMICAL PART
# ----------------
# get reference area
a0 = gdir.rgi_area_m2
# get reference year
y0 = gdir.get_climate_info()['baseline_hydro_yr_0']
# get min and max glacier surface elevation
h0, h1 = vascaling.get_min_max_elevation(gdir)
model = vascaling.VAScalingModel(year_0=y0,
area_m2_0=a0,
min_hgt=h0,
max_hgt=h1,
mb_model=mbmod)
return gdir, model
def test_annual_mb(self):
"""Test the routine computing the annual mass balance."""
# run all needed prepro tasks
gdir = self._setup_mb_test()
# get relevant glacier surface elevation
min_hgt, max_hgt = vascaling.get_min_max_elevation(gdir)
# define temporal range
year = 1975
years = np.array([year, year])
# get mass balance relevant climate data
_, temp, prcp = vascaling.get_yearly_mb_temp_prcp(gdir,
year_range=years)
temp = temp[0]
prcp = prcp[0]
# read mu* and bias from vascaling_mustar
vascaling_mustar = gdir.read_json('vascaling_mustar')
mu_star = vascaling_mustar['mu_star']
bias = vascaling_mustar['bias']
# specify scaling factor for SI units [kg s-1]
fac_SI = cfg.SEC_IN_YEAR * cfg.PARAMS['ice_density']
# compute mass balance 'by hand'
mb_ref = (prcp - mu_star * temp - bias) / fac_SI
# compute mb using the VAS mass balance model
mb_mod = vascaling.VAScalingMassBalance(gdir).get_annual_mb(
min_hgt, max_hgt, year)
# compare mass balances with bias
np.testing.assert_allclose(mb_ref, mb_mod, rtol=1e-3)
# compute mass balance 'by hand'
mb_ref = (prcp - mu_star * temp) / fac_SI
# compute mb 'by model'
mb_mod = vascaling.VAScalingMassBalance(gdir, bias=0). \
get_annual_mb(min_hgt, max_hgt, year)
# compare mass balances without bias
np.testing.assert_allclose(mb_ref, mb_mod, rtol=1e-3)
def test_specific_mb(self):
"""Compare the specific mass balance to the one computed
using the OGGM function of the PastMassBalance model.
"""
# run all needed prepro tasks
gdir = self._setup_mb_test()
# instance mb models
vas_mbmod = vascaling.VAScalingMassBalance(gdir)
past_mbmod = massbalance.PastMassBalance(gdir)
# get relevant glacier surface elevation
min_hgt, max_hgt = vascaling.get_min_max_elevation(gdir)
# define temporal range
ys = 1802
ye = 2003
years = np.arange(ys, ye + 1)
# get flow lines
fls = gdir.read_pickle('inversion_flowlines')
# create empty container
past_mb = np.empty(years.size)
vas_mb = np.empty(years.size)
# get specific mass balance for all years
for i, year in enumerate(years):
past_mb[i] = past_mbmod.get_specific_mb(fls=fls, year=year)
vas_mb[i] = vas_mbmod.get_specific_mb(min_hgt, max_hgt, year)
# compute and check correlation
assert corrcoef(past_mb, vas_mb) >= 0.94
# relative error of average spec mb
assert np.abs(rel_err(past_mb.mean(), vas_mb.mean())) <= 0.38
# check correlation of positive and negative mb years
assert corrcoef(np.sign(past_mb), np.sign(vas_mb)) >= 0.72
# compare to reference mb measurements
mbs = gdir.get_ref_mb_data()['ANNUAL_BALANCE']
assert corrcoef(vas_mb[np.in1d(years, mbs.index)], mbs) >= 0.79
def test_annual_climate(self):
"""Test my routine against the corresponding OGGM routine from
the `PastMassBalance()` model.
"""
# run all needed prepro tasks
gdir = self._setup_mb_test()
# instance the mass balance models
vas_mbmod = vascaling.VAScalingMassBalance(gdir)
past_mbmod = massbalance.PastMassBalance(gdir)
# get relevant glacier surface elevation
min_hgt, max_hgt = vascaling.get_min_max_elevation(gdir)
heights = np.array([min_hgt, (min_hgt + max_hgt) / 2, max_hgt])
# specify an (arbitray) year
year = 1975
# get mass balance relevant climate information
temp_for_melt_vas, prcp_solid_vas = \
vas_mbmod.get_annual_climate(min_hgt, max_hgt, year)
_, temp_for_melt_oggm, _, prcp_solid_oggm = \
past_mbmod.get_annual_climate(heights, year)
# prepare my (monthly) values for comparison
temp_for_melt_vas = temp_for_melt_vas.sum()
prcp_solid_vas = prcp_solid_vas.sum()
# computed positive terminus melting temperature must be equal for both
# used methods, i.e. temp_VAS == temp_OGGM
np.testing.assert_allclose(temp_for_melt_vas,
temp_for_melt_oggm[0],
rtol=1e-3)
# glacier averaged solid precipitation amount must be greater than (or
# equal to) solid precipitation amount at glacier terminus elevation
assert md(prcp_solid_oggm[0], prcp_solid_vas) >= 0
# glacier averaged solid precipitation amount must be comparable to the
# solid precipitation amount at average glacier surface elevation
assert rel_err(prcp_solid_oggm[1], prcp_solid_vas) <= 0.15
# glacier averaged solid precipitation amount must be less than (or
# equal to) solid precipitation amount at maximum glacier elevation
assert md(prcp_solid_oggm[2], prcp_solid_vas) <= 0
def test_monthly_climate(self):
"""Test the routine getting the monthly climate against
the routine getting annual climate.
"""
# run all needed prepro tasks
gdir = self._setup_mb_test()
# instance the mass balance models
mbmod = vascaling.VAScalingMassBalance(gdir)
# get relevant glacier surface elevation
min_hgt, max_hgt = vascaling.get_min_max_elevation(gdir)
# get all month of the year in the
# floating (hydrological) year convention
year = 1975
months = np.linspace(year, year + 1, num=12, endpoint=False)
# create containers
temp_month = np.empty(12)
prcp_month = np.empty(12)
# get mb relevant climate data for every month
for i, month in enumerate(months):
_temp, _prcp = mbmod.get_monthly_climate(min_hgt, max_hgt, month)
temp_month[i] = _temp
prcp_month[i] = _prcp
# melting temperature and precipitation amount cannot be negative
assert temp_month.all() >= 0.
assert prcp_month.all() >= 0.
# get climate data for the whole year
temp_year, prcp_year = mbmod.get_annual_climate(min_hgt, max_hgt, year)
# compare
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(temp_month, temp_year, decimal=2)
np.testing.assert_array_almost_equal(prcp_month, prcp_year, decimal=2)
def seek_start_area(rgi_id,
name,
show=False,
path='',
ref=np.NaN,
adjust_term_elev=False,
legend=True,
instant_geometry_change=False):
""" Set up an VAS model from scratch and run/test the start area seeking
tasks. The result is a plot showing the modeled glacier area evolution for
different start values. The plots can be displayed and/or stored to file.
Parameters
----------
rgi_id: string
RGI ID denoting the glacier on which to perform the tasks
name: string
Name og glacier, since it is not always given (or correct) in RGI
show: bool, optional, default=False
Flag deciding whether or not to show the created plots.
path: string, optional, default=''
Path under which the modeled area plot should be stored.
ref: float, optional, default=np.NaN
Historic (1851) reference area with which a reference model run is
performed.
"""
# Initialization and load default parameter file
vascaling.initialize()
# compute RGI region and version from RGI IDs
# assuming they all are all the same
rgi_region = (rgi_id.split('-')[-1]).split('.')[0]
rgi_version = (rgi_id.split('-')[0])[-2:-1]
# specify working directory and output directory
working_dir = os.path.abspath('../working_directories/start_area/')
# output_dir = os.path.abspath('./vas_run_output')
output_dir = os.path.abspath('../data/vas_run_output')
# create working directory
utils.mkdir(working_dir, reset=False)
utils.mkdir(output_dir)
# set path to working directory
cfg.PATHS['working_dir'] = working_dir
# set RGI version and region
cfg.PARAMS['rgi_version'] = rgi_version
# define how many grid points to use around the glacier,
# if you expect the glacier to grow large use a larger border
cfg.PARAMS['border'] = 20
# we use HistAlp climate data
cfg.PARAMS['baseline_climate'] = 'HISTALP'
# set the mb hyper parameters accordingly
cfg.PARAMS['prcp_scaling_factor'] = 1.75
cfg.PARAMS['temp_melt'] = -1.75
cfg.PARAMS['run_mb_calibration'] = False
# the bias is defined to be zero during the calibration process,
# which is why we don't use it here to reproduce the results
cfg.PARAMS['use_bias_for_run'] = True
# get/downlaod the rgi entity including the outline shapefile
rgi_df = utils.get_rgi_glacier_entities([rgi_id])
# set name, if not delivered with RGI
if rgi_df.loc[int(rgi_id[-5:]) - 1, 'Name'] is None:
rgi_df.loc[int(rgi_id[-5:]) - 1, 'Name'] = name
# get and set path to intersect shapefile
intersects_db = utils.get_rgi_intersects_region_file(region=rgi_region)
cfg.set_intersects_db(intersects_db)
# initialize the GlacierDirectory
gdir = workflow.init_glacier_directories(rgi_df)[0]
# # DEM and GIS tasks
# # get the path to the DEM file (will download if necessary)
# dem = utils.get_topo_file(gdir.cenlon, gdir.cenlat)
# print('DEM source: {}, path to DEM file: {}'.format(dem[1], dem[0][0]))
# # set path in config file
# cfg.PATHS['dem_file'] = dem[0][0]
# cfg.PARAMS['border'] = 10
# cfg.PARAMS['use_intersects'] = False
# run GIS tasks
gis.define_glacier_region(gdir)
gis.glacier_masks(gdir)
# process climate data
climate.process_climate_data(gdir)
# compute local t* and the corresponding mu*
vascaling.local_t_star(gdir)
# create mass balance model
mb_mod = vascaling.VAScalingMassBalance(gdir)
# look at specific mass balance over climate data period
min_hgt, max_hgt = vascaling.get_min_max_elevation(gdir)
y0 = 1851
y1 = 2014
# run scalar minimization
minimize_res = vascaling.find_start_area(
gdir,
adjust_term_elev=adjust_term_elev,
instant_geometry_change=instant_geometry_change)
# print(minimize_res)
# stop script if minimization was not successful
if minimize_res.status and False:
sys.exit(minimize_res.status)
# instance glacier with today's values
model_ref = vascaling.VAScalingModel(year_0=gdir.rgi_date,
area_m2_0=gdir.rgi_area_m2,
min_hgt=min_hgt,
max_hgt=max_hgt,
mb_model=mb_mod)
# instance guessed starting areas
num = 9
area_guess = np.linspace(1e6,
np.floor(gdir.rgi_area_m2 * 2),
num,
endpoint=True)
# create empty containers
area_list = list()
volume_list = list()
spec_mb_list = list()
# iterate over all starting areas
for area_ in area_guess:
# instance iteration model
model_guess = vascaling.VAScalingModel(year_0=gdir.rgi_date,
area_m2_0=gdir.rgi_area_m2,
min_hgt=min_hgt,
max_hgt=max_hgt,
mb_model=mb_mod)
# set new starting values
model_guess.create_start_glacier(area_,
y0,
adjust_term_elev=adjust_term_elev)
# run model and save years and area
best_guess_ds = model_guess.run_until_and_store(
year_end=model_ref.year,
instant_geometry_change=instant_geometry_change)
# create series and store in container
area_list.append(best_guess_ds.area_m2.to_dataframe()['area_m2'])
volume_list.append(best_guess_ds.volume_m3.to_dataframe()['volume_m3'])
spec_mb_list.append(best_guess_ds.spec_mb.to_dataframe()['spec_mb'])
# create DataFrame
area_df = pd.DataFrame(
area_list, index=['{:.2f}'.format(a / 1e6) for a in area_guess])
area_df.index.name = 'Start Area [km$^2$]'
volume_df = pd.DataFrame(
volume_list, index=['{:.2f}'.format(a / 1e6) for a in area_guess])
volume_df.index.name = 'Start Area [km$^2$]'
# set up model with resulted starting area
model = vascaling.VAScalingModel(year_0=model_ref.year_0,
area_m2_0=model_ref.area_m2_0,
min_hgt=model_ref.min_hgt_0,
max_hgt=model_ref.max_hgt,
mb_model=model_ref.mb_model)
model.create_start_glacier(minimize_res.x,
y0,
adjust_term_elev=adjust_term_elev)
# run model with best guess initial area
best_guess_ds = model.run_until_and_store(
year_end=model_ref.year,
instant_geometry_change=instant_geometry_change)
# run model with historic reference area
if ref:
model.reset()
model.create_start_glacier(ref * 1e6,
y0,
adjust_term_elev=adjust_term_elev)
ref_ds = model.run_until_and_store(
year_end=model_ref.year,
instant_geometry_change=instant_geometry_change)
# create figure and add axes
fig = plt.figure(figsize=[5, 5])
ax = fig.add_axes([0.125, 0.075, 0.85, 0.9])
# plot model output
ax = (area_df / 1e6).T.plot(legend=False, colormap='Spectral', ax=ax)
# plot best guess
ax.plot(
best_guess_ds.time,
best_guess_ds.area_m2 / 1e6,
color='k',
ls='--',
lw=1.2,
label=
f'{best_guess_ds.area_m2.isel(time=0).values/1e6:.2f} km$^2$ (best result)'
)
# plot reference
if ref:
ax.plot(
ref_ds.time,
ref_ds.area_m2 / 1e6,
color='k',
ls='-.',
lw=1.2,
label=
f'{ref_ds.area_m2.isel(time=0).values/1e6:.2f} km$^2$ (1850 ref.)')
# plot 2003 reference line
ax.axhline(
model_ref.area_m2_0 / 1e6,
c='k',
ls=':',
label=f'{model_ref.area_m2_0/1e6:.2f} km$^2$ ({gdir.rgi_date} obs.)')
# add legend
if legend:
handels, labels = ax.get_legend_handles_labels()
labels[:-3] = [r'{} km$^2$'.format(l) for l in labels[:-3]]
leg = ax.legend(handels, labels, loc='upper right', ncol=2)
# leg.set_title('Start area $A_0$', prop={'size': 12})
# replot best guess estimate and reference (in case it lies below another
# guess)
ax.plot(best_guess_ds.time,
best_guess_ds.area_m2 / 1e6,
color='k',
ls='--',
lw=1.2)
if ref:
ax.plot(ref_ds.time, ref_ds.area_m2 / 1e6, color='k', ls='-.', lw=1.2)
# labels, title
ax.set_xlim([best_guess_ds.time.values[0], best_guess_ds.time.values[-1]])
ax.set_xlabel('')
ax.set_ylabel('Glacier area [km$^2$]')
# save figure to file
if path:
fig.savefig(path)
# show plot
if show:
plt.show()
plt.clf()
# plot and store volume evolution
(volume_df / 1e9).T.plot(legend=False, colormap='viridis')
plt.gcf().savefig(path[:-4] + '_volume.pdf')
def test_run_until_and_store(self):
"""Test the volume/area scaling model against the oggm.FluxBasedModel.
Both models run the Hintereisferner over the entire HistAlp climate
period, initialized with the 2003 RGI outline without spin up.
The following two parameters for length, area and volume are tested:
- correlation coefficient
- relative RMSE, i.e. RMSE/mean(OGGM). Whereby the results from the
VAS model are offset with the average differences to the OGGM
results.
"""
# read the Hintereisferner DEM
hef_file = get_demo_file('Hintereisferner_RGI6.shp')
entity = gpd.read_file(hef_file).iloc[0]
# initialize the GlacierDirectory
gdir = oggm.GlacierDirectory(entity, base_dir=self.testdir)
# define the local grid and glacier mask
gis.define_glacier_region(gdir, entity=entity)
gis.glacier_masks(gdir)
# process the given climate file
climate.process_custom_climate_data(gdir)
# run center line preprocessing tasks
centerlines.compute_centerlines(gdir)
centerlines.initialize_flowlines(gdir)
centerlines.compute_downstream_line(gdir)
centerlines.compute_downstream_bedshape(gdir)
centerlines.catchment_area(gdir)
centerlines.catchment_intersections(gdir)
centerlines.catchment_width_geom(gdir)
centerlines.catchment_width_correction(gdir)
# read reference glacier mass balance data
mbdf = gdir.get_ref_mb_data()
# compute the reference t* for the glacier
# given the reference of mass balance measurements
res = climate.t_star_from_refmb(gdir, mbdf=mbdf['ANNUAL_BALANCE'])
t_star, bias = res['t_star'], res['bias']
# --------------------
# SCALING MODEL
# --------------------
# compute local t* and the corresponding mu*
vascaling.local_t_star(gdir, tstar=t_star, bias=bias)
# instance the mass balance models
vas_mbmod = vascaling.VAScalingMassBalance(gdir)
# get reference area
a0 = gdir.rgi_area_m2
# get reference year
y0 = gdir.get_climate_info()['baseline_hydro_yr_0']
# get min and max glacier surface elevation
h0, h1 = vascaling.get_min_max_elevation(gdir)
vas_model = vascaling.VAScalingModel(year_0=y0,
area_m2_0=a0,
min_hgt=h0,
max_hgt=h1,
mb_model=vas_mbmod)
# let model run over entire HistAlp climate period
vas_ds = vas_model.run_until_and_store(2003)
# ------
# OGGM
# ------
# compute local t* and the corresponding mu*
climate.local_t_star(gdir, tstar=t_star, bias=bias)
climate.mu_star_calibration(gdir)
# instance the mass balance models
mb_mod = massbalance.PastMassBalance(gdir)
# perform ice thickness inversion
inversion.prepare_for_inversion(gdir)
inversion.mass_conservation_inversion(gdir)
inversion.filter_inversion_output(gdir)
# initialize present time glacier
flowline.init_present_time_glacier(gdir)
# instance flowline model
fls = gdir.read_pickle('model_flowlines')
y0 = gdir.get_climate_info()['baseline_hydro_yr_0']
fl_mod = flowline.FluxBasedModel(flowlines=fls, mb_model=mb_mod, y0=y0)
# run model and store output as xarray data set
_, oggm_ds = fl_mod.run_until_and_store(2003)
# temporal indices must be equal
assert (vas_ds.time == oggm_ds.time).all()
# specify which parameters to compare and their respective correlation
# coefficients and rmsd values
params = ['length_m', 'area_m2', 'volume_m3']
corr_coeffs = np.array([0.7, 0.7, 0.7])
rmsds = np.array([0.43e3, 0.25e6, 0.05e9])
# compare given parameters
for param, cc, rmsd in zip(params, corr_coeffs, rmsds):
# correlation coefficient
assert corrcoef(oggm_ds[param].values, vas_ds[param].values) >= cc
# root mean squared deviation
rmsd_an = rmsd_bc(oggm_ds[param].values, vas_ds[param].values)
assert rmsd_an <= rmsd
# process the given climate file
workflow.execute_entity_task(climate.process_climate_data, gdirs)
# compute local t* and the corresponding mu*
workflow.execute_entity_task(vascaling.local_t_star, gdirs)
# --------------------
# SCALING MODEL
# --------------------
# compute local t* and the corresponding mu*
log.info('Initialize the model')
gdir = gdirs[0]
# instance the mass balance models
mb_mod = vascaling.VAScalingMassBalance(gdir)
# get reference area
a0 = gdir.rgi_area_m2
# get reference year
y0 = int(rgidf.BgnDate.values[0][:4])
# get min and max glacier surface elevation
h0, h1 = vascaling.get_min_max_elevation(gdir)
# set up the glacier model with the values of 2003
hef_ref = vascaling.VAScalingModel(year_0=1851,
area_m2_0=a0,
min_hgt=h0,
max_hgt=h1,
mb_model=mb_mod)