Пример #1
0
  def testShellFuncExecution(self):
    ex = cmd_exec_test.InitExecutor()
    func_node = ast.FuncDef()

    c1 = ast.CompoundWord()
    t1 = ast.token(Id.Lit_Chars, 'f1')
    c1.parts.append(ast.LiteralPart(t1))

    c2 = ast.CompoundWord()
    t2 = ast.token(Id.Lit_Chars, 'f2')
    c2.parts.append(ast.LiteralPart(t2))

    a = ast.ArrayLiteralPart()
    a.words = [c1, c2]
    w = ast.CompoundWord()
    w.parts.append(a)

    # Set global COMPREPLY=(f1 f2)
    pair = ast.assign_pair(ast.LhsName('COMPREPLY'), assign_op_e.Equal, w)
    pair.spids.append(0)  # dummy
    pairs = [pair]
    body_node = ast.Assignment(Id.Assign_None, [], pairs)

    func_node.name = 'myfunc'
    func_node.body = body_node

    a = completion.ShellFuncAction(ex, func_node)
    matches = list(a.Matches([], 0, 'f'))
    self.assertEqual(['f1 ', 'f2 '], matches)
Пример #2
0
    def testPipeline2(self):
        Banner('ls | cut -d . -f 1 | head')
        p = process.Pipeline()
        p.Add(_ExtProc(['ls']))
        p.Add(_ExtProc(['cut', '-d', '.', '-f', '1']))
        p.Add(_ExtProc(['head']))

        print(p.Run(_WAITER))

        ex = InitExecutor()

        # Simulating subshell for each command
        w1 = ast.CompoundWord()
        w1.parts.append(ast.LiteralPart(ast.token(Id.Lit_Chars, 'ls')))
        node1 = ast.SimpleCommand()
        node1.words = [w1]

        w2 = ast.CompoundWord()
        w2.parts.append(ast.LiteralPart(ast.token(Id.Lit_Chars, 'head')))
        node2 = ast.SimpleCommand()
        node2.words = [w2]

        w3 = ast.CompoundWord()
        w3.parts.append(ast.LiteralPart(ast.token(Id.Lit_Chars, 'sort')))
        w4 = ast.CompoundWord()
        w4.parts.append(ast.LiteralPart(ast.token(Id.Lit_Chars, '--reverse')))
        node3 = ast.SimpleCommand()
        node3.words = [w3, w4]

        p = process.Pipeline()
        p.Add(Process(process.SubProgramThunk(ex, node1)))
        p.Add(Process(process.SubProgramThunk(ex, node2)))
        p.Add(Process(process.SubProgramThunk(ex, node3)))

        print(p.Run(_WAITER))
Пример #3
0
  def testVarOps(self):
    ev = InitEvaluator()  # initializes x=xxx and y=yyy
    unset_sub = ast.BracedVarSub(ast.token(Id.VSub_Name, 'unset'))
    part_vals = []
    ev._EvalWordPart(unset_sub, part_vals)
    print(part_vals)

    set_sub = ast.BracedVarSub(ast.token(Id.VSub_Name, 'x'))
    part_vals = []
    ev._EvalWordPart(set_sub, part_vals)
    print(part_vals)

    # Now add some ops
    part = ast.LiteralPart(ast.token(Id.Lit_Chars, 'default'))
    arg_word = ast.CompoundWord([part])
    test_op = ast.StringUnary(Id.VTest_ColonHyphen, arg_word)
    unset_sub.suffix_op = test_op
    set_sub.suffix_op = test_op

    part_vals = []
    ev._EvalWordPart(unset_sub, part_vals)
    print(part_vals)

    part_vals = []
    ev._EvalWordPart(set_sub, part_vals)
    print(part_vals)
Пример #4
0
    def EvalPrompt(self, val):
        """Perform the two evaluations that bash does.  Used by $PS1 and ${x@P}."""
        if val.tag != value_e.Str:
            return DEFAULT_PS1  # no evaluation necessary

        try:
            tokens = self.tokens_cache[val.s]
        except KeyError:
            tokens = match.PS1_LEXER.Tokens(val.s)
            self.tokens_cache[val.s] = tokens

        # First replacements.  TODO: Should we cache this too?
        ps1_str = self._ReplaceBackslashCodes(tokens)

        # The prompt is often constant, so we can avoid parsing it.
        # NOTE: This is copied from the PS4 logic in Tracer.
        try:
            ps1_word = self.parse_cache[ps1_str]
        except KeyError:
            w_parser = self.parse_ctx.MakeWordParserForPlugin(
                ps1_str, self.arena)
            try:
                ps1_word = w_parser.ReadPS()
            except Exception as e:
                error_str = '<ERROR: cannot parse PS1>'
                t = ast.token(Id.Lit_Chars, error_str, const.NO_INTEGER)
                ps1_word = ast.CompoundWord([ast.LiteralPart(t)])
            self.parse_cache[ps1_str] = ps1_word

        # e.g. "${debian_chroot}\u" -> '\u'
        val2 = self.ex.word_ev.EvalWordToString(ps1_word)
        return val2.s
Пример #5
0
    def EvalPrompt(self, val):
        """Perform the two evaluations that bash does.  Used by $PS1 and ${x@P}."""
        if val.tag != value_e.Str:
            return DEFAULT_PS1  # no evaluation necessary

        # Parse backslash escapes (cached)
        try:
            tokens = self.tokens_cache[val.s]
        except KeyError:
            tokens = list(match.PS1_LEXER.Tokens(val.s))
            self.tokens_cache[val.s] = tokens

        # Replace values.
        ps1_str = self._ReplaceBackslashCodes(tokens)

        # Parse it like a double-quoted word (cached).
        # NOTE: This is copied from the PS4 logic in Tracer.
        try:
            ps1_word = self.parse_cache[ps1_str]
        except KeyError:
            w_parser = self.parse_ctx.MakeWordParserForPlugin(
                ps1_str, self.arena)
            try:
                ps1_word = w_parser.ReadPS()
            except Exception as e:
                error_str = '<ERROR: cannot parse PS1>'
                t = ast.token(Id.Lit_Chars, error_str, const.NO_INTEGER)
                ps1_word = ast.CompoundWord([ast.LiteralPart(t)])
            self.parse_cache[ps1_str] = ps1_word

        # Evaluate, e.g. "${debian_chroot}\u" -> '\u'
        val2 = self.ex.word_ev.EvalWordToString(ps1_word)
        return val2.s
Пример #6
0
  def _ReadPatSubVarOp(self, lex_mode):
    """
    Match     = ('/' | '#' | '%') WORD
    VarSub    = ...
              | VarOf '/' Match '/' WORD
    """
    do_all = False
    do_prefix = False
    do_suffix = False

    pat = self._ReadVarOpArg(lex_mode, eof_type=Id.Lit_Slash, empty_ok=False)
    if not pat: return None

    if len(pat.parts) == 1:
      ok, s, quoted = word.StaticEval(pat)
      if ok and s == '/' and not quoted:  # Looks like ${a////c}, read again
        self._Next(lex_mode)
        self._Peek()
        p = ast.LiteralPart(self.cur_token)
        pat.parts.append(p)

    if len(pat.parts) == 0:
      self._BadToken("Pattern must not be empty: %r", token=self.cur_token)
      return None
    else:
      first_part = pat.parts[0]
      if first_part.tag == word_part_e.LiteralPart:
        lit_id = first_part.token.id
        if lit_id == Id.Lit_Slash:
          do_all = True
          pat.parts.pop(0)
        elif lit_id == Id.Lit_Pound:
          do_prefix = True
          pat.parts.pop(0)
        elif lit_id == Id.Lit_Percent:
          do_suffix = True
          pat.parts.pop(0)

    #self._Peek()
    if self.token_type == Id.Right_VarSub:
      # e.g. ${v/a} is the same as ${v/a/}  -- empty replacement string
      return ast.PatSub(pat, None, do_all, do_prefix, do_suffix)

    elif self.token_type == Id.Lit_Slash:
      replace = self._ReadVarOpArg(lex_mode)  # do not stop at /
      if not replace: return None

      self._Peek()
      if self.token_type == Id.Right_VarSub:
        return ast.PatSub(pat, replace, do_all, do_prefix, do_suffix)

      else:
        self._BadToken("Expected } after pat sub, got %s", self.cur_token)
        return None

    else:
      self._BadToken("Expected } after pat sub, got %s", self.cur_token)
      return None
Пример #7
0
    def _ReadLikeDQ(self, left_dq_token, out_parts):
        """
    Args:
      left_dq_token: A token if we are reading a double quoted part, or None if
        we're reading a here doc.
      out_parts: list of word_part to append to
    """
        done = False
        while not done:
            self._Next(lex_mode_e.DQ)
            self._Peek()

            if self.token_kind == Kind.Lit:
                if self.token_type == Id.Lit_EscapedChar:
                    part = ast.EscapedLiteralPart(self.cur_token)
                else:
                    part = ast.LiteralPart(self.cur_token)
                out_parts.append(part)

            elif self.token_kind == Kind.Left:
                part = self._ReadDoubleQuotedLeftParts()
                out_parts.append(part)

            elif self.token_kind == Kind.VSub:
                part = ast.SimpleVarSub(self.cur_token)
                out_parts.append(part)

            elif self.token_kind == Kind.Right:
                assert self.token_type == Id.Right_DoubleQuote, self.token_type
                if left_dq_token:
                    done = True
                else:
                    # In a here doc, the right quote is literal!
                    out_parts.append(ast.LiteralPart(self.cur_token))

            elif self.token_kind == Kind.Eof:
                if left_dq_token:
                    p_die(
                        'Unexpected EOF reading double-quoted string that began here',
                        token=left_dq_token)
                else:  # here docs will have an EOF in their token stream
                    done = True

            else:
                raise AssertionError(self.cur_token)
Пример #8
0
  def _MaybeReadHereDocs(self):
    for h in self.pending_here_docs:
      lines = []
      #log('HERE %r' % h.here_end)
      while True:
        # If op is <<-, strip off all leading tabs (NOT spaces).
        # (in C++, just bump the start?)
        line_id, line = self.line_reader.GetLine()

        #print("LINE %r %r" % (line, h.here_end))
        if not line:  # EOF
          # An unterminated here doc is just a warning in bash.  We make it
          # fatal because we want to be strict, and because it causes problems
          # reporting other errors.
          # Attribute it to the << in <<EOF for now.
          self.AddErrorContext('Unterminated here doc', span_id=h.spids[0])
          return False

        # NOTE: Could do this runtime to preserve LST.
        if h.op_id == Id.Redir_DLessDash:
          line = line.lstrip('\t')
        if line.rstrip() == h.here_end:
          break

        lines.append((line_id, line))

      parts = []
      if h.do_expansion:
        # NOTE: We read all lines at once, instead of doing it line-by-line,
        # because of cases like this:
        # cat <<EOF
        # 1 $(echo 2
        # echo 3) 4
        # EOF

        from osh import parse_lib  # Avoid circular import
        w_parser = parse_lib.MakeWordParserForHereDoc(lines, self.arena)
        word = w_parser.ReadHereDocBody()
        if not word:
          self.AddErrorContext(
              'Error reading here doc body: %s', w_parser.Error())
          return False
        h.body = word
        h.was_filled = True
      else:
        # Each line is a single span.  TODO: Add span_id to token.
        tokens = [
            ast.token(Id.Lit_Chars, line, const.NO_INTEGER)
            for _, line in lines]
        parts = [ast.LiteralPart(t) for t in tokens]
        h.body = ast.CompoundWord(parts)
        h.was_filled = True

    # No .clear() until Python 3.3.
    del self.pending_here_docs[:]

    return True
Пример #9
0
    def _ReadPatSubVarOp(self, lex_mode):
        """
    Match     = ('/' | '#' | '%') WORD
    VarSub    = ...
              | VarOf '/' Match '/' WORD
    """
        pat = self._ReadVarOpArg(lex_mode,
                                 eof_type=Id.Lit_Slash,
                                 empty_ok=False)

        if len(pat.parts) == 1:
            ok, s, quoted = word.StaticEval(pat)
            if ok and s == '/' and not quoted:  # Looks like ${a////c}, read again
                self._Next(lex_mode)
                self._Peek()
                p = ast.LiteralPart(self.cur_token)
                pat.parts.append(p)

        if len(pat.parts) == 0:
            p_die('Pattern in ${x/pat/replace} must not be empty',
                  token=self.cur_token)

        replace_mode = Id.Undefined_Tok
        # Check for / # % modifier on pattern.
        first_part = pat.parts[0]
        if first_part.tag == word_part_e.LiteralPart:
            lit_id = first_part.token.id
            if lit_id in (Id.Lit_Slash, Id.Lit_Pound, Id.Lit_Percent):
                pat.parts.pop(0)
                replace_mode = lit_id

        # NOTE: If there is a modifier, the pattern can be empty, e.g.
        # ${s/#/foo} and ${a/%/foo}.

        if self.token_type == Id.Right_VarSub:
            # e.g. ${v/a} is the same as ${v/a/}  -- empty replacement string
            return ast.PatSub(pat, None, replace_mode)

        if self.token_type == Id.Lit_Slash:
            replace = self._ReadVarOpArg(lex_mode)  # do not stop at /

            self._Peek()
            if self.token_type != Id.Right_VarSub:
                # NOTE: I think this never happens.
                # We're either in the VS_ARG_UNQ or VS_ARG_DQ lex state, and everything
                # there is Lit_ or Left_, except for }.
                p_die("Expected } after replacement string, got %s",
                      self.cur_token,
                      token=self.cur_token)

            return ast.PatSub(pat, replace, replace_mode)

        # Happens with ${x//} and ${x///foo}, see test/parse-errors.sh
        p_die("Expected } after pat sub, got %r",
              self.cur_token.val,
              token=self.cur_token)
Пример #10
0
    def testMultiLine(self):
        w_parser = InitWordParser("""\
ls foo

# Multiple newlines and comments should be ignored

ls bar
""")
        print('--MULTI')
        w = w_parser.ReadWord(lex_mode_e.OUTER)
        parts = [ast.LiteralPart(ast.token(Id.Lit_Chars, 'ls'))]
        test_lib.AssertAsdlEqual(self, ast.CompoundWord(parts), w)

        w = w_parser.ReadWord(lex_mode_e.OUTER)
        parts = [ast.LiteralPart(ast.token(Id.Lit_Chars, 'foo'))]
        test_lib.AssertAsdlEqual(self, ast.CompoundWord(parts), w)

        w = w_parser.ReadWord(lex_mode_e.OUTER)
        t = ast.token(Id.Op_Newline, '\n')
        test_lib.AssertAsdlEqual(self, ast.TokenWord(t), w)

        w = w_parser.ReadWord(lex_mode_e.OUTER)
        parts = [ast.LiteralPart(ast.token(Id.Lit_Chars, 'ls'))]
        test_lib.AssertAsdlEqual(self, ast.CompoundWord(parts), w)

        w = w_parser.ReadWord(lex_mode_e.OUTER)
        parts = [ast.LiteralPart(ast.token(Id.Lit_Chars, 'bar'))]
        test_lib.AssertAsdlEqual(self, ast.CompoundWord(parts), w)

        w = w_parser.ReadWord(lex_mode_e.OUTER)
        t = ast.token(Id.Op_Newline, '\n')
        test_lib.AssertAsdlEqual(self, ast.TokenWord(t), w)

        w = w_parser.ReadWord(lex_mode_e.OUTER)
        t = ast.token(Id.Eof_Real, '')
        test_lib.AssertAsdlEqual(self, ast.TokenWord(t), w)
Пример #11
0
  def _EvalPS4(self):
    """For set -x."""

    val = self.mem.GetVar('PS4')
    assert val.tag == value_e.Str

    s = val.s
    if s:
      first_char, ps4 = s[0], s[1:]
    else:
      first_char, ps4 = '+', ' '  # default

    try:
      ps4_word = self.parse_cache[ps4]
    except KeyError:
      # We have to parse this at runtime.  PS4 should usually remain constant.
      w_parser = parse_lib.MakeWordParserForPlugin(ps4, self.arena)

      # NOTE: Reading PS4 is just like reading a here doc line.  "\n" is
      # allowed too.  The OUTER mode would stop at spaces, and ReadWord
      # doesn't allow lex_mode_e.DQ.
      ps4_word = w_parser.ReadHereDocBody()

      if not ps4_word:
        error_str = '<ERROR: cannot parse PS4>'
        t = ast.token(Id.Lit_Chars, error_str, const.NO_INTEGER)
        ps4_word = ast.CompoundWord([ast.LiteralPart(t)])
      self.parse_cache[ps4] = ps4_word

    #print(ps4_word)

    # TODO: Repeat first character according process stack depth.  Where is
    # that stored?  In the executor itself?  It should be stored along with
    # the PID.  Need some kind of ShellProcessState or something.
    #
    # We should come up with a better mechanism.  Something like $PROC_INDENT
    # and $OIL_XTRACE_PREFIX.

    # TODO: Handle runtime errors!  For example, you could PS4='$(( 1 / 0 ))'
    # <ERROR: cannot evaluate PS4>
    prefix = self.word_ev.EvalWordToString(ps4_word)

    return first_char, prefix.s
Пример #12
0
  def _EvalPS4(self):
    """For set -x."""

    val = self.mem.GetVar('PS4')
    assert val.tag == value_e.Str

    s = val.s
    if s:
      first_char, ps4 = s[0], s[1:]
    else:
      first_char, ps4 = '+', ' '  # default

    # NOTE: This cache is slightly broken because aliases are mutable!  I think
    # thati s more or less harmless though.
    try:
      ps4_word = self.parse_cache[ps4]
    except KeyError:
      # We have to parse this at runtime.  PS4 should usually remain constant.
      w_parser = self.parse_ctx.MakeWordParserForPlugin(ps4, self.arena)

      try:
        ps4_word = w_parser.ReadPS()
      except util.ParseError as e:
        error_str = '<ERROR: cannot parse PS4>'
        t = ast.token(Id.Lit_Chars, error_str, const.NO_INTEGER)
        ps4_word = ast.CompoundWord([ast.LiteralPart(t)])
      self.parse_cache[ps4] = ps4_word

    #print(ps4_word)

    # TODO: Repeat first character according process stack depth.  Where is
    # that stored?  In the executor itself?  It should be stored along with
    # the PID.  Need some kind of ShellProcessState or something.
    #
    # We should come up with a better mechanism.  Something like $PROC_INDENT
    # and $OIL_XTRACE_PREFIX.

    # TODO: Handle runtime errors!  For example, you could PS4='$(( 1 / 0 ))'
    # <ERROR: cannot evaluate PS4>
    prefix = self.word_ev.EvalWordToString(ps4_word)

    return first_char, prefix.s
Пример #13
0
    def _ReadCompoundWord(self,
                          eof_type=Id.Undefined_Tok,
                          lex_mode=lex_mode_e.OUTER,
                          empty_ok=True):
        """
    Precondition: Looking at the first token of the first word part
    Postcondition: Looking at the token after, e.g. space or operator

    NOTE: eof_type is necessary because / is a literal, i.e. Lit_Slash, but it
    could be an operator delimiting a compound word.  Can we change lexer modes
    and remove this special case?
    """
        #print('_ReadCompoundWord', lex_mode)
        word = ast.CompoundWord()

        num_parts = 0
        done = False
        while not done:
            allow_done = empty_ok or num_parts != 0
            self._Peek()
            #print('CW',self.cur_token)
            if allow_done and self.token_type == eof_type:
                done = True  # e.g. for ${foo//pat/replace}

            # Keywords like "for" are treated like literals
            elif self.token_kind in (Kind.Lit, Kind.KW, Kind.Assign,
                                     Kind.ControlFlow, Kind.BoolUnary,
                                     Kind.BoolBinary):
                if self.token_type == Id.Lit_EscapedChar:
                    part = ast.EscapedLiteralPart(self.cur_token)
                else:
                    part = ast.LiteralPart(self.cur_token)
                    #part.xspans.append(self.cur_token.span_id)

                word.parts.append(part)

                if self.token_type == Id.Lit_VarLike:
                    #print('@', self.cursor)
                    #print('@', self.cur_token)

                    t = self.lexer.LookAhead(lex_mode_e.OUTER)
                    if t.id == Id.Op_LParen:
                        self.lexer.PushHint(Id.Op_RParen,
                                            Id.Right_ArrayLiteral)
                        part2 = self._ReadArrayLiteralPart()
                        if not part2:
                            self.AddErrorContext(
                                '_ReadArrayLiteralPart failed')
                            return False
                        word.parts.append(part2)

            elif self.token_kind == Kind.VSub:
                part = ast.SimpleVarSub(self.cur_token)
                word.parts.append(part)

            elif self.token_kind == Kind.ExtGlob:
                part = self._ReadExtGlobPart()
                if not part:
                    return None
                word.parts.append(part)

            elif self.token_kind == Kind.Left:
                #print('_ReadLeftParts')
                part = self._ReadLeftParts()
                if not part:
                    return None
                word.parts.append(part)

            # NOT done yet, will advance below
            elif self.token_kind == Kind.Right:
                # Still part of the word; will be done on the next iter.
                if self.token_type == Id.Right_DoubleQuote:
                    pass
                elif self.token_type == Id.Right_CommandSub:
                    pass
                elif self.token_type == Id.Right_Subshell:
                    # LEXER HACK for (case x in x) ;; esac )
                    assert self.next_lex_mode is None  # Rewind before it's used
                    if self.lexer.MaybeUnreadOne():
                        self.lexer.PushHint(Id.Op_RParen, Id.Right_Subshell)
                        self._Next(lex_mode)
                    done = True
                else:
                    done = True

            elif self.token_kind == Kind.Ignored:
                done = True

            else:
                # LEXER HACK for unbalanced case clause.  'case foo in esac' is valid,
                # so to test for ESAC, we can read ) before getting a chance to
                # PushHint(Id.Op_RParen, Id.Right_CasePat).  So here we unread one
                # token and do it again.

                # We get Id.Op_RParen at top level:      case x in x) ;; esac
                # We get Id.Eof_RParen inside ComSub:  $(case x in x) ;; esac )
                if self.token_type in (Id.Op_RParen, Id.Eof_RParen):
                    assert self.next_lex_mode is None  # Rewind before it's used
                    if self.lexer.MaybeUnreadOne():
                        if self.token_type == Id.Eof_RParen:
                            # Redo translation
                            self.lexer.PushHint(Id.Op_RParen, Id.Eof_RParen)
                        self._Next(lex_mode)

                done = True  # anything we don't recognize means we're done

            if not done:
                self._Next(lex_mode)
            num_parts += 1
        return word
Пример #14
0
    def _ReadDoubleQuotedPart(self, eof_type=Id.Undefined_Tok, here_doc=False):
        """
    Args:
      eof_type: for stopping at }, Id.Lit_RBrace
      here_doc: Whether we are reading in a here doc context

    Also ${foo%%a b c}  # treat this as double quoted.  until you hit
    """
        quoted_part = ast.DoubleQuotedPart()
        left_spid = const.NO_INTEGER
        right_spid = const.NO_INTEGER  # gets set later

        if self.cur_token is not None:  # None in here doc case
            left_spid = self.cur_token.span_id

        done = False
        while not done:
            self._Next(lex_mode_e.DQ)
            self._Peek()
            #print(self.cur_token)

            if self.token_type == eof_type:  # e.g. stop at }
                done = True
                continue

            elif self.token_kind == Kind.Lit:
                if self.token_type == Id.Lit_EscapedChar:
                    part = ast.EscapedLiteralPart(self.cur_token)
                else:
                    part = ast.LiteralPart(self.cur_token)
                quoted_part.parts.append(part)

            elif self.token_kind == Kind.Left:
                part = self._ReadDoubleQuotedLeftParts()
                if not part:
                    return None
                quoted_part.parts.append(part)

            elif self.token_kind == Kind.VSub:
                part = ast.SimpleVarSub(self.cur_token)
                quoted_part.parts.append(part)

            elif self.token_kind == Kind.Right:
                assert self.token_type == Id.Right_DoubleQuote
                if here_doc:
                    # Turn Id.Right_DoubleQuote into a literal part
                    quoted_part.parts.append(ast.LiteralPart(self.cur_token))
                else:
                    done = True  # assume Id.Right_DoubleQuote
                    right_spid = self.cur_token.span_id

            elif self.token_kind == Kind.Eof:
                if here_doc:  # here docs will have an EOF in their token stream
                    done = True
                else:
                    self.AddErrorContext(
                        'Unexpected EOF reading double-quoted string that began here',
                        span_id=left_spid)
                    return False

            else:
                raise AssertionError(self.cur_token)

        quoted_part.spids.extend((left_spid, right_spid))
        return quoted_part
Пример #15
0
def TildeDetect(word):
    """Detect tilde expansion.

  If it needs to include a TildeSubPart, return a new word.  Otherwise return
  None.

  NOTE: This algorithm would be a simpler if
  1. We could assume some regex for user names.
  2. We didn't need to do brace expansion first, like {~foo,~bar}
  OR
  - If Lit_Slash were special (it is in the VAROP states, but not OUTER
  state).  We could introduce another lexer mode after you hit Lit_Tilde?

  So we have to scan all LiteralPart instances until they contain a '/'.

  http://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/157426/what-is-the-regex-to-validate-linux-users
  "It is usually recommended to only use usernames that begin with a lower
  case letter or an underscore, followed by lower case letters, digits,
  underscores, or dashes. They can end with a dollar sign. In regular
  expression terms: [a-z_][a-z0-9_-]*[$]?

  On Debian, the only constraints are that usernames must neither start with
  a dash ('-') nor contain a colon (':') or a whitespace (space: ' ', end
  of line: '\n', tabulation: '\t', etc.). Note that using a slash ('/') may
  break the default algorithm for the definition of the user's home
  directory.
  """
    if not word.parts:
        return None
    part0 = word.parts[0]
    if _LiteralPartId(part0) != Id.Lit_Tilde:
        return None

    prefix = ''
    found_slash = False
    # search for the next /
    for i in range(1, len(word.parts)):
        # Not a literal part, and we did NOT find a slash.  So there is no
        # TildeSub applied.  This would be something like ~X$var, ~$var,
        # ~$(echo), etc..  The slash is necessary.
        if word.parts[i].tag != word_part_e.LiteralPart:
            return None
        val = word.parts[i].token.val
        p = val.find('/')

        if p == -1:  # no slash yet
            prefix += val

        elif p >= 0:
            # e.g. for ~foo!bar/baz, extract "bar"
            # NOTE: requires downcast to LiteralPart
            pre, post = val[:p], val[p:]
            prefix += pre
            tilde_part = ast.TildeSubPart(prefix)
            # NOTE: no span_id here.  It would be nicer to use a different algorithm
            # that didn't require this.
            t = ast.token(Id.Lit_Chars, post, const.NO_INTEGER)
            remainder_part = ast.LiteralPart(t)
            found_slash = True
            break

    w = ast.CompoundWord()
    if found_slash:
        w.parts.append(tilde_part)
        w.parts.append(remainder_part)
        j = i + 1
        while j < len(word.parts):
            w.parts.append(word.parts[j])
            j += 1
    else:
        # The whole thing is a tilde sub, e.g. ~foo or ~foo!bar
        w.parts.append(ast.TildeSubPart(prefix))
    return w