def init_molecule():
"""Create Particles p1 and p2 inside boundaries and return a molecule
connecting them"""
p1 = particle.Particle(np.array([.2, .2]), 1)
p2 = particle.Particle(np.array([.8, .8]), 2)
return molecule.Molecule(p1.pos, p2.pos, p1.m, p2.m, 1, .5)
def threesome_paricle_initialize(x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3, o1, o2, o3, BoxL,
sigma):
ptcls = []
ptcls.append(particle.Particle(x1, y1, sigma, o1, BoxL))
ptcls.append(particle.Particle(x2, y2, sigma, o2, BoxL))
ptcls.append(particle.Particle(x3, y3, sigma, o3, BoxL))
return ptcls
def pair_production(photon):
if photon.name != "photon":
raise TypeError("Did not input a valid photon for pair production")
else:
k_checked = photon.energy
try:
E_neg_checked = pair_pdf.sample_secondary_energy(k_checked)
except:
print("-------------!!-------------")
print(
"Sampling recursion limit reached, giving both particles equal energies"
)
print("-------------!!-------------")
E_neg_checked = k_checked / 2
E_plus_checked = k_checked - E_neg_checked
phi, dtheta = brem_dir.sample_direction(k_checked)
e_minus_dir = np.array([photon.direction[0] + dtheta, phi])
e_plus_dir = np.array([photon.direction[0] + dtheta, -phi])
return [
pcl.Particle("electron", E_neg_checked, photon.position,
e_minus_dir),
pcl.Particle("positron", E_plus_checked, photon.position,
e_plus_dir)
]
def init_molecule():
"""Create Particles p1 and p2 inside boundaries and return a molecule
connecting them"""
p1 = particle.Particle(np.random.rand(2), initial_p1_mass)
p2 = particle.Particle(np.random.rand(2), initial_p2_mass)
return molecule.Molecule(p1.pos, p2.pos, p1.m, p2.m, initial_k,
initial_e_length)
def __init__(self, P1_position, P2_position, P1_mass, P2_mass, k_spring,
equilibrium_length):
'''Create diatomic molecule with positions of both particles, their masses, a spring constant, and equilibrium length'''
self.p1 = particle.Particle(P1_position, P1_mass)
self.p2 = particle.Particle(P2_position, P2_mass)
self.k = k_spring
self.L0 = equilibrium_length
def __init__(self, p1, p2, m1, m2, k, L0):
self.p1 = particle.Particle(p1, m1)
self.p2 = particle.Particle(p2, m2)
self.m1 = m1
self.m2 = m2
self.k = k
self.L0 = L0
def simulate_once(speed_scale):
"""
Run a new simulation with the given speed scale and return its final
state.
Arguments:
speed_scale: standard deviation of the gaussian used to generat the
velocities.
Returns: the final state of the simulation as a dictionary.
"""
container = pa.Particle(sp.zeros(ndims),
sp.zeros(ndims),
radius=container_scale,
mass=1e20,
immovable=True)
sim = si.Simulation(container, ndims=ndims)
velocities = []
# Add many particles at random, ensuring there are no overlaps
for i in xrange(nballs - 1):
velocity = sp.random.normal(size=ndims, scale=speed_scale)
position = sim.find_unused_position(radius)
new_particle = pa.Particle(position, velocity, radius=radius, mass=1)
sim.add_particle(new_particle)
velocities.append(velocity)
# Ensure that the average velocity is zero
position = sim.find_unused_position(radius)
correcting_particle_velocity = -sp.sum(velocities, axis=0)
sim.add_particle(
pa.Particle(position,
correcting_particle_velocity,
radius=radius,
mass=1))
sim.first_step()
for i in xrange(iterations):
sim.next_step()
states = sim.get_states()
return states[-1]
def try_warp(self, dt):
if self.owning_civ.upgrade_stats['warp_drive'] == 0:
return
if self.warp_drive_countdown > 0:
return
towards = (self.target.pos - self.pos).normalized()
nearest, dist = helper.get_nearest(self.pos, self.scene.get_planets())
if nearest:
if dist < (nearest.get_radius() + WARP_PLANET_MIN_DIST)**2:
return
if self.warp_drive_t < 0.66:
self.velocity = V2(0, 0)
self.warp_drive_t += dt
if int(self.warp_drive_t * 40) % 2 == 0:
pvel = V2(random.random() - 0.5, random.random() - 0.5) * 15
pvel -= towards * 25
p = particle.Particle([PICO_WHITE, PICO_PINK], 1, self.pos,
0.25 + random.random() * 0.25, pvel)
self.scene.game_group.add(p)
return
exit_dist = (self.target.pos - self.pos).magnitude(
) - self.target.get_radius() - WARP_PLANET_MIN_DIST
max_dist = self.owning_civ.upgrade_stats['warp_drive'] + 30
dist = min(exit_dist, max_dist)
print(dist)
for i in range(0, int(dist), 4):
p = self.pos + towards * i
pvel = V2(random.random() - 0.5, random.random() - 0.5) * 15
pvel += towards * 15
p = particle.Particle([PICO_WHITE, PICO_PINK], 1, p,
0.25 + random.random() * 0.5, pvel)
self.scene.game_group.add(p)
nearest, d = helper.get_nearest(p, self.scene.get_planets())
if nearest and d < (nearest.get_radius() +
WARP_PLANET_MIN_DIST)**2:
dist = i
break
self.warp_drive_t = 0
self.pos = self.pos + towards * dist
print(towards, dist, self.pos)
self.warp_drive_countdown = WARP_DRIVE_TIME * (dist / max_dist)
def emit_thrust_particles(self):
pvel = V2(random.random() - 0.5, random.random() - 0.5) * 1
pvel += -self.velocity / 2
vn = helper.try_normalize(self.velocity)
side = V2(vn.y, -vn.x) # Sideways vector from forward
p1 = particle.Particle(
[PICO_WHITE, PICO_WHITE, PICO_YELLOW], 1, self.pos +
-helper.try_normalize(self.velocity) * self.radius + side * 1.5, 1,
pvel)
self.scene.add_particle(p1)
p2 = particle.Particle(
[PICO_WHITE, PICO_WHITE, PICO_YELLOW], 1, self.pos +
-helper.try_normalize(self.velocity) * self.radius - side * 1.5, 1,
pvel)
self.scene.add_particle(p2)
def claimConnectedDevices():
credentialsJsonFile = open('credentials.json', 'r')
credentials = json.load(credentialsJsonFile)
credentialsJsonFile.close()
particleLocal = particle.Local(credentials['ssid'],
credentials['wifi_password'], credentials['wifi_encryption'])
print "Retrieving connected ports..."
serialPorts = particleLocal.get_connected_ports()
assert len(serialPorts) >= 2
if len(serialPorts) > 2:
serialPorts = serialPorts[0:2]
print "Logging into cloud..."
particleCloud = particle.Particle(
credentials['particle_username'],
credentials['particle_password'])
for ii in range(len(serialPorts)):
port = serialPorts[ii]
otherPort = serialPorts[(ii+1)%2]
print "Identifying device..."
particleId = particleLocal.identify_device(port)
print "Setting WiFi..."
particleLocal.set_wifi(port)
time.sleep(20)
print "Claiming device..."
particleCloud.claim_device(particleId)
def __init__(self, n=100, seed=42424242, fname=None):
if fname is None:
self.n = n
self.seed = seed
random.seed(self.seed)
self.particles = []
for _ in range(self.n):
self.particles.append(
particle.Particle(
r=[
random.random() - .5,
random.random() - .5,
random.random() - .5
],
v=[
random.random() - .5,
random.random() - .5,
random.random() - .5
],
m=1. #random.random()
))
else:
particles = self.load(fname)
self.n = len(particles)
self.seed = None
self.particles = particles
def resample(particles, numParticles):
Q = [0.0] * numParticles
idxArr = np.zeros((numParticles, 1), dtype=int)
newParticles = [particle.Particle(0, 0, 0)] * numParticles
# calculate CDF
Q[0] = particles[0].weight
for i in range(1, numParticles):
Q[i] = particles[i].weight + Q[i - 1]
t = np.random.rand(numParticles + 1, 1)
T = np.sort(t, axis=0)
T[numParticles] = 1
i, j = 0, 0
while i < numParticles:
print(i, j, len(T), len(Q))
if T[i] < Q[j]:
idxArr[i] = j
i += 1
else:
j += 1
for i in range(numParticles):
newParticles[i].x = particles[idxArr[i][0]].x
newParticles[i].y = particles[idxArr[i][0]].y
newParticles[i].weight = 1 / numParticles
return newParticles
def generateMultipole(self):
self.pseudoparticle = particle.Particle(r=[0., 0., 0.],
v=[0., 0., 0.],
m=0.)
if self.nparticles == 0:
print("error")
elif self.nparticles == 1:
self.pseudoparticle.r[:] = self.particle.r
self.pseudoparticle.v[:] = self.particle.v
self.pseudoparticle.a[:] = self.particle.a
self.pseudoparticle.m = self.particle.m
else:
for subnode in self.subnodes:
if subnode is not None:
subnode.generateMultipole()
for i in range(3):
self.pseudoparticle.r[i] += subnode.pseudoparticle.r[
i] * subnode.pseudoparticle.m
self.pseudoparticle.v[i] += subnode.pseudoparticle.v[
i] * subnode.pseudoparticle.m
self.pseudoparticle.a[i] += subnode.pseudoparticle.a[
i] * subnode.pseudoparticle.m
self.pseudoparticle.m += subnode.pseudoparticle.m
self.pseudoparticle.r = [
cm / self.pseudoparticle.m for cm in self.pseudoparticle.r
]
self.pseudoparticle.v = [
cm / self.pseudoparticle.m for cm in self.pseudoparticle.v
]
self.pseudoparticle.a = [
cm / self.pseudoparticle.m for cm in self.pseudoparticle.a
]
def kill(self):
for ship in self.frozen_ships:
self.unfreeze_ship(ship)
for replica in self.frozen_replicas:
replica.kill()
self.countdown.kill()
sound.play_explosion()
base_angle = random.random() * 6.2818
for x in range(self.image.get_width()):
for y in range(self.image.get_height()):
color = tuple(self.image.get_at((x,y)))
if color[3] >= 128 and color[0:3] != PICO_BLACK:
_,a = (V2(x,y) - V2(self.width/2,self.height/2)).as_polar()
a *= 3.14159 / 180
ad = abs(helper.get_angle_delta(a, base_angle))
if ad > 3.14159/2:
a = base_angle + 3.14159
else:
a = base_angle
pvel = helper.from_angle(a) * 6
p = particle.Particle([
color[0:3],
color[0:3],
DARKEN_COLOR[color[0:3]]
],
1,
self.pos + V2(x - self.width // 2,y - self.height // 2),
1.25 + random.random() ** 2,
pvel
)
self.scene.game_group.add(p)
return super().kill()
def generateBJetPrimary(jet_energy):
'''
Need to generate a b-hadron and some other primary tracks/particles
Whilst ensuring they all share a common jet direction
'''
mPion = 140.
mB = 5300.
phi = np.pi / 4 #np.random.uniform(-np.pi,np.pi)
theta = np.pi / 4 #np.random.uniform(0.,np.pi)
B_energy = .8 * jet_energy # an approximation of the 80% hadronization fraction of Bs
B_momentum = np.sqrt(B_energy**2 - mB**2)
candB = particle.Particle(mB, phi, theta, B_momentum)
candB.setProperLifetime(1.5e-12)
# this leaves 20% of the jet energy to assign to some light charged particles
# done using two-decay methodology with virtual mass M
# how many light particles is determined by a randomly assigning fractions of remainder energy
energy_remainder = jet_energy - B_energy
primary_particles = []
while True:
energy_frac_1 = np.random.uniform(8 * mPion, energy_remainder)
if (energy_frac_1 < 16 * mPion):
energy_frac_1 = energy_remainder
primaryPion1, primaryPion2 = addTwoPrimaryTracks(
energy_frac_1, phi, theta)
energy_remainder -= energy_frac_1
primary_particles.append(primaryPion1)
primary_particles.append(primaryPion2)
if (energy_remainder < 8 * mPion):
#print("Error in energy measurement: " + str(energy_remainder / jet_energy))
break
return candB, primary_particles
def special_stat_update(self, dt):
# Regenerate
self.health += self.get_stat("ship_regenerate") * dt
self.bonus_attack_speed_time -= dt
speed_factor = self.get_max_speed() / self.MAX_SPEED
if speed_factor > 1:
if self._timers['bonus_speed_particle_time'] > 0.15 / speed_factor:
#e = explosion.Explosion(self.pos + helper.random_angle(), [PICO_BLUE, PICO_BLUE, PICO_BLUE, PICO_WHITE, PICO_WHITE, PICO_BLUE], 0.25, 3, line_width=1)
colors = [
PICO_WHITE, PICO_BLUE, PICO_GREEN, PICO_PINK, PICO_PURPLE
]
n = int((speed_factor - 1) * 3) + 1
colors = colors[0:n]
#ang = self.velocity.as_polar()[1] + 3.14159 + (random.random() - 0.5) * 3
ang = (self.velocity.as_polar()[1] * 3.14159 / 180
) + 3.14159 + (random.random() - 0.5) * 0.45 + math.sin(
self.time * 3 * speed_factor)
if self.velocity.length_squared() == 0:
veln = V2(0, 0)
else:
veln = helper.try_normalize(self.velocity)
p = particle.Particle([random.choice(colors)], 1,
self.pos + -veln * self.radius, 0.6,
helper.from_angle(ang) * 8)
self.scene.add_particle(p)
self._timers['bonus_speed_particle_time'] = 0
def __init__(self, surface, settings):
self.surface = surface
self.width = surface.get_width()
self.height = surface.get_height()
self.sprites = []
self.particle = particle.Particle(surface)
self.score = 0
self.n_asteroids = 0
self.text_y = 100
self.settings = settings
pygame.time.set_timer(self.SECOND_EVENT, 1000)
# input state
self.quit = False
self.rotate_left = False
self.rotate_right = False
self.rotate_by = 0
self.thrust = False
self.info = False
self.fire = False
self.spawn = False
self.show_particles = False
self.enter = False
self.next_level = False
# the ship ... or none for no ship on screen
self.player = None
self.player_driver = None
# countdown timer until next alien
self.alien_time = random.randint(1000, 2000)
def createParticleList(numberofParticles, volume: domain.Volume, speed,
mass, radius):
return [
particle.Particle(volume.randomPosition(), speed,
randomDirection(volume.dimensions), mass, radius)
for x in range(numberofParticles)
]
def __init__(self, surface):
self.surface = surface
self.width = surface.get_width()
self.height = surface.get_height()
self.sprites = []
self.particle = particle.Particle(surface)
self.score = 0
self.n_asteroids = 0
self.text_y = 100
# input state
self.quit = False
self.rotate_left = False
self.rotate_right = False
self.rotate_by = 0
self.thrust = False
self.info = False
self.fire = False
self.spawn = False
self.show_particles = True
self.enter = False
self.next_level = False
# the ship ... or none for no ship on screen
self.player = None
# countdown timer until next alien
self.alien_time = random.randint(1000, 2000)
self.music_playing = True
self.background_music = mixer.Sound(
os.path.join("sounds", "hoarse_space_cadet.ogg"))
self.background_channel = pygame.mixer.Channel(0)
self.background_channel.play(self.background_music, loops=-1)
def main():
search_space = s.Space(0.0, epsilon, 15, __function__)
particles_vector = [
p.Particle() for _ in range(search_space.num_particles)
]
search_space.particles = particles_vector
search_space.set_pbest()
search_space.set_gbest()
iteration = 0
n_iterations = 1000
val_prev = val_prev_1 = 0.0
while iteration < n_iterations or search_space.gbest_value < epsilon:
search_space.set_pbest()
search_space.set_gbest()
# JEŚLI PRZEZ TRZY ITERACJE NIE ZMIENI SIE WARTOŚĆ => BREAK
if iteration == 0:
val_prev = search_space.gbest_value
else:
val_prev_1 = val_prev
val_prev = search_space.gbest_value
print("POŁOŻENIE: ", search_space.gbest_position, " WARTOŚĆ: ",
search_space.gbest_value)
saveToFile(__function__, search_space.gbest_value)
if abs(search_space.gbest_value - search_space.target
) <= search_space.epsilon or val_prev_1 == val_prev:
break
search_space.move_particles()
iteration += 1
print("Solution: ", search_space.gbest_position, " value ",
search_space.gbest_value)
def random_initialize(nPartcles, BoxL, sigma):
ptcls = [
particle.Particle(uniform() * BoxL,
uniform() * BoxL, sigma,
uniform() * 2 * np.pi, BoxL)
for _ in range(nPartcles)
]
return ptcls
def emit_thrust_particles(self):
pvel = V2(random.random() - 0.5, random.random() - 0.5) * 5
pvel += -self.velocity / 2
p = particle.Particle(
[PICO_WHITE, PICO_BLUE], 1,
self.pos + -helper.try_normalize(self.velocity) * self.radius, 2,
pvel)
self.scene.add_particle(p)
def generate_random_particle(self):
"""
Generate a particle randomly within the bounds of map
:return: a new particle instance
"""
rospy.loginfo("Generating particles")
x, y, theta = utils.generate_random_pose()
return particle.Particle(x, y, theta, self.helper)
def emit_thrust_particles(self):
pvel = V2(random.random() - 0.5, random.random() - 0.5) * 5
pvel += -self.velocity / 2
p = particle.Particle(
"assets/thrustparticle.png", 1,
self.pos + -helper.try_normalize(self.velocity) * self.radius, 1,
pvel)
self.scene.add_particle(p)
def __init__(self, num_particles, maxiter,no_of_nodes,start_node,end_node,graph,maximum_path_length):
self.swarm=[] #array of paticle
#####P is the Particle class
for i in range(0,num_particles):
self.swarm.append(P.Particle(no_of_nodes))
self.global_best_cost=-1 #cost of Gbest
self.global_best_pos={} #position of Gbest
self.global_path=[] #decoded path corresponding to Gbest
i=0
while i < maxiter:
for j in range(0,num_particles):
# self.swarm[j].PrintParticle()
path=self.decode(self.swarm[j].position_i,graph,start_node,end_node,maximum_path_length)
if path[-1]==end_node:
for x in path:
print(x,end=" ")
print("\n")
self.swarm[j].counter=i
self.swarm[j].cost =self.cost_fun(graph,path)
##if present cost is samller than cost of Pbest then update Pbest
if self.swarm[j].cost< self.swarm[j].cost_best_i:
self.swarm[j].cost_best_i=self.swarm[j].cost
self.swarm[j].pos_best_i =self.swarm[j].position_i
self.swarm[j].path_loc = path
else:
###if path is not valid then give penalty to the particle
self.swarm[j].cost=sys.maxsize
self.give_penalty(self.swarm[j],path)
###update the Gbest
for j in range(0,num_particles):
if self.swarm[j].cost_best_i < self.global_best_cost or self.global_best_cost == -1:
self.global_best_pos=self.swarm[j].pos_best_i
self.global_best_cost=self.swarm[j].cost_best_i
self.global_path = self.swarm[j].path_loc
# cycle through swarm and update velocities and position
for j in range(0,num_particles):
if i-self.swarm[j].counter>=5:
self.swarm[j].reinitialize(i)
else:
self.swarm[j].update_velocity(self.global_best_pos)
self.swarm[j].update_position()
i+=1
def addparticle(self, particleline):
if self.firstline is None:
raise ValueError(
"The first line for this event has not been set yet!")
if self.done:
raise ValueError(
"finished() has already been called for this event, so no more particles can be added!"
)
particle.Particle(particleline, self)
def createParticle(self, D, i):
p = _particle.Particle(D, constantes.X_MIN(), constantes.X_MAX())
b = _binarization.BinarizationStrategy(p.position_i,
self.tTransferencia,
self.tBinary)
p.position_b = self.repara(b.get_binary())
p.evaluate(self.costFunc, self.mcostos, self.mrestriccion, self.vrows,
self.vcolumns)
return p
def generateCJetPrimary(jet_energy):
'''
Need to generate a c-hadron and some other primary tracks/particles
Whilst ensuring they all share a common jet direction
'''
mD = 2000.
mPion = 140.
phi = np.pi / 4
theta = np.pi / 4
D_energy = .5 * jet_energy # an approximation of the 50% hadronization fraction of c
D_momentum = np.sqrt(D_energy**2 - mD**2)
candD = particle.Particle(mD, phi, theta, D_momentum)
candD.setProperLifetime(1.0e-12)
# Assign remainin energy to primary vertex tracks
# randomly assigning fractions of remainder energy
energy_remainder = 0.5 * jet_energy
primary_particles = []
# I have an idea to prevent the problem of trk distribution being only even
if np.random.random() > 0.5:
# randomly create a pion travelling along the jet axis? dunno...
random_trk_E = 0.125 * jet_energy
random_trk_mom = np.sqrt(random_trk_E**2 - mPion**2)
jet_axis_pion = particle.Particle(mPion, phi, theta, random_trk_mom)
primary_particles.append(jet_axis_pion)
energy_remainder -= random_trk_E
while True:
energy_frac_1 = np.random.uniform(8 * mPion, energy_remainder)
if (energy_frac_1 < 16 * mPion):
energy_frac_1 = energy_remainder
primaryPion1, primaryPion2 = addTwoPrimaryTracks(
energy_frac_1, phi, theta)
energy_remainder -= energy_frac_1
primary_particles.append(primaryPion1)
primary_particles.append(primaryPion2)
if (energy_remainder < 8 * mPion):
#print("Error in energy measurement: " + str(energy_remainder / jet_energy))
break
return candD, primary_particles
def innit_particles(num_particles=1000):
# Initialize particles
particles = []
for i in range(num_particles):
p = particle.Particle(500 * np.random.ranf() - 100,
500 * np.random.ranf() - 100,
2.0 * np.pi * np.random.ranf() - np.pi,
1.0 / num_particles)
particles.append(p)
return particles
def initialize(par_num, Lx, Ly, max_mass):
for i in range(par_num):
mass = random.randint(1, max_mass)
vx = 0.0
vy = 0.0
x = random.uniform(-Lx, Lx)
y = random.uniform(-Ly, Ly)
part = pr.Particle(mass, x, y, vx, vy)
pr.par_list.append(part)
return pr.par_list
